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新东方王苗：2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题解析翻译部分(新东方版) Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer sheet 2.过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。
如今随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。
他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有许多城市也在筹建机场。
航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有特价机票。
近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人不断增加。
【译文】In the past, it was beyond imagination for most Chinese to take a plane when traveling. Nowadays, with the development of economy and the improvement of life, an increasing number of Chinese including farmers and migrant workers could afford to take a plane. They can go to all large cities by plane. Besides, many cities are planning to build airports. The aviation service has been improved, and there are often plane tickets at bargain prices. In recent years, the number of people who travel by air in holidays has been increasing all the time.【解析】1. 过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。
一、中国酒文化 Chinese Wine Culture中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒。
总的来讲，不管是古代仍是现代，酒都和中国文化息息相关。
长久以来，中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。
咱们的先人在写诗时以酒助兴，在宴会中和亲友老友敬酒。
作为一种文化形式，酒文化也是一般百姓生活中不可分割的部份，比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。
Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago. Generally speaking，wine has a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times. Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people's life for a long time. Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry, or to make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast. Wine culture, as a kind of culture form, is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party, farewell dinner, wedding, etc.二、中国书法Chinese Calligraphy中国书法历史悠长，它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式，也是表现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。
四六级翻译词伙提炼翻译的总体思路1.译文能基本传达原文的意义，无重大的理解和语言错误，同时要注意中英文表达习惯的转换。
2.在确保语法、时态、语态正确的情况下，再考虑用语风格的尽量完善（英文文章是一种静态语言，一句话只有一个动词，名词成分很多。
因此翻译时名词开头是个很好的办法）强化翻译50题提炼（Unit 1）01 压岁钱压岁钱lucky money长辈/未成年小辈the elders/the underage kids春节/除夕夜the Spring Festival/the eve of the Spring Festival拜年pay a New Year visit/call学习和生活用品articles for study and daily use长命百岁live to a ripe old age大洋silver dollar一本万利a small investment brings a ten thousand-fold profit财源茂盛rich financial resources02 能源物质基础material basis纵观take a sweeping view/make a general survey/give a broad overview of能源的改进与更替energy innovations and substitutions坚持...的基本国策take...as a basic state policy节约资源resource conservation03 中国人的购房观古训old maxim/ancient saying修身、齐家、治国、平天下cultivating oneself、managing the family well、administering a country and pacifying the country 成家立业get married and embark on a career根深蒂固deep-rooted/ingrained密不可分inextricably linked/closely related归属感/失落感/幽默感/安全感/责任感sense of belonging/sense of loss/sense of humor/sense of security/sense of responsibility个人身份的体现the identity of an individual在（大城市）过着（忙碌）的生活lead a busy life in big cities买房族（"族"字当成"人"字翻译）house buyer/house purchasers04 中国制造支柱产业pillar industry繁荣富强prosperity新一轮工业革命/再工业化a new round of industrial revolution/re-industrialization严峻挑战rigorous challenges...的发展蓝图the development blueprint of ...探索...的发展之路explore a new development path for...促进...从...到...的跃升accelerate the transformation of ... from ... into ...实现...从...到...的转变shi ... from ... to ...05 水墨画在...中非常有代表性be such a representative type of ...成为...的代名词become a synonym of再现事物的外观reproduce the appearance of the subject神韵spirit构图、明暗、细节刻画composition、arrangement of light and shade、depiction of some details 隐晦地传达...communicate/convey ... in an obscure manner06 鸦片战争在外交、贸易等方面存在长期争议long-standing dispute on diplomacy, trade, etc社会生产/社会生产力societal productivity不平等条约the unequal treaties/terms导致了...的没落lead to the downfall of ...07 孟母三迁十分重视/十分强调pay great attention to/attach great importance to08 汽车限购交通拥堵traffic congestion/heavy traffic/traffic jams出台...政策unveil/announce the policy（复数时为policies）在全国成为大势所趋become a trend around the country一旦实施once be carried out/once be implemented价格战price war薄利多销have small profits but quick turnover汽车限购令vehicle purchase restrictions政府机构government insititutions摇号lottery system09 逆境用积极的态度看待逆境adopting a positive attitude towards adversity使人的潜力发挥到最大bring one's potential into full play树立战胜困难的信心build up confidence to overcome difficulties10 "浅阅读"与"深度阅读"决定着一个民族思维的深度和高度determine how far and wide a nation can think把...列为...的重点have made...the focus of...文化传承cultural transmission已有专家指出It has been pointed out by experts that在高科技的浪潮中in the high-tech trends知其然，而不知其所以然know the hows but not the ways强化翻译50题提炼（Unit 2）01 春节祈年prayer融/集...为一体integrate.../integrate...into a whole最具特色的传统佳节be the most distinctive tradition festival狭义in narrow sense结晶quintessence/essence情感寄托emotional sustenance传承pass家庭伦理/社会伦理family/social ethics历经千百年的积淀a er thousands of years of accumulation异彩纷呈的春节民俗the colorful folk-customs of the Spring Festival底蕴深厚profound foundation弘扬中华民族文化优秀传统promote and develop the fine traditions of the Chinese culture 是...的重要载体be a significant carrier of...除旧布新get rid of the old to make way for the new辞旧迎新ring out the Old Year and ring in the New Year02 端午节端午节The Dragon Boat Festival为人正直conduct oneself uprightly被广为接受的一种说法是the widely accepted one is...安定与繁荣peace and prosperity在流放途中when he was in exile万念俱灰fall into despair后来演变成...this evolved to be the origin of是...的起源serve as the source of03 京剧文化的瑰宝cultural treasure忠勇智慧faithfulness,bravery and wisdom刚正不阿uprightness and integrity阴险狡诈insidiousness and treachery在...中名列前茅get ahead of ...人类非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage04 丝绸之路丝绸之路the silk road具有重要历史意义的historically important中国的四大发明the four great Chinese inventions一座光辉灿烂的文化桥梁a splendid cultural bridge05 人生据说it is said that随便与从容casualness and calm06 中国菜新的饮食习惯new dietary habits餐饮/烹饪culinary美食/菜系cuisine招牌菜signature dish频繁光顾快餐连锁店frequent some fast food chains 07 长城延绵数千公里stretch for thousands of kilometers由于时代久远due to the long time span无与伦比的重要性incomparable/unparalleled significance捍卫国家和人民安全safeguard the security of the country and its people 地势险要be strategically located and difficult of access08 西安享誉全球enjoy a great reputation all over the world发源地birthplace历史文物古迹historical sites and cultural relics文化遗产cultural heritage交通枢纽transportation hub09 无手机焦虑症指的是refer to被划定为be categorized as就像...on a par with ...临床病症clinical disorder日新月异change with each passing day对...爱不释手fondle ... admiringly10 追星追星star chasing...对...特别崇拜one's worship for...分散某某某做...的精力distract the attention of .sb from .sth有利也有弊have both advantages and disadvantages双刃剑double-edged sword取其精华去其糟粕absorb what is good and reject what is bad/ absorb the essence and reject the dross/ select the refined and discard the crude树立健康的生活态度和价值观foster healthy life attitudes and values强化翻译50题提炼（Unit 3）01 元宵节元宵节the Lantern Festival地方特色local characteristics...因...而令人叹为观止... are admired for ...02 舞狮自从...问世以来s ince ...'s inception早在...朝代的时候as early as ... Dynasty...历史悠久，可以追溯到...年以前... has a long history stretching back over 2000 years祈求吉利pray for good luck有记录表明Records show that中原central plains03 风筝神话故事mythological stories在...的发展变化中in ...'s evolvement04 中医中医traditional Chinese medicine对...进行系统全面的说明give a complete and systematic description of全面阐述elaborate外因/内因external reason/internal reason为...奠定了初步的基础lay a preliminary foundation for ...因时/因地/因人而异differentiation according to the climatic and seasonal conditions/geographical localities/individual constitution05 中文的海外影响海外华人overseas Chinese通晓thoroughly understand/be well-versed in增加就业机会increase employment opportunities壮观的自然风光spectacular natural scenery06 可持续发展可持续发展long-term development/sustainable development科学发展观scientific outlook on development协调...的发展coordinate development of头等大事issue of top priority淡水fresh water07 北京历朝历代帝王emperors of many dynasties君临天下establish one's（一般为their） administrative power举世闻名world-famous凝聚embody集天下...之大成have the merits of ... all over the country被誉为...be credited with the honor of...国粹quintessence of the Chinese culture08 网络谣言谣言rumor采取强硬措施take a hard line/take tough measures打击crack down on优良品质sound quality素质moral quality信誉credibility遵守/维护...的正常秩序observe/maintain the normal order of...诽谤defame/slander09 正能量不良情绪unhealthy emotions自信、豁达、进取self-confidence、generosity、enterprise自私、猜疑selfishness、suspicion此消彼长的reciprocal凭空out of thin air力不从心less capable than desirable积极的心态positive mental states10 空巢老人空巢老人empty nester随着现代化进程加快with the acceleration of modernization趋向/易于...be prone to四世同堂four generations living under the same roof计划生育政策the family planning policy人口老龄化高峰a peak of aging强化翻译50题提炼（Unit 4）01 灯谜是劳动人民智慧的结晶reflect the wisdom of the working people娱乐活动recreational activity在民间among the people农历lunar calendar02 七夕节一群a flock of获得精湛的...技艺acquire high skills in...一次成功make it at the first try由来已久be honored by time03 孔子周游列国tour around various states被汇集编纂成...be collected and compiled into千古传诵have been read through all ages影响深远with a far-reaching/profound impact04 京剧脸谱具有民族特色have distinctive national features表示/象征stand for（也可用denote）05 道教世间万物everything that exists无法言喻的ineffable不可估量的immeasurable推动力the driving force06 鼎是...的见证serve as a witness to...引申意义extended meaning祭品sacrificial vessel07 和平发展封建腐败the feudal corruption连年内乱internal upheaval主权沦丧/割让主权cede its sovereign rights国力衰弱diminish its national power（视情况变成被动形态）民不聊生deprived its people of their means of livelihood深知be keenly aware of充分证明...的正确性prove its correctness in...符合中国国情accord with the condition of China顺应时代潮流conform to the historical trend of the time 08 中国高铁基础建设infrastructure construction就...而言/在...方面in terms of外交访问diplomatic visit技术引进introduction of technology自主创新independent innovation实现了...的质的飞跃make a quantum leap of ...无论...还是...either...or......成为代表...的名片... become a business card of ...09 中国传统节日与洋节在...的推动下under the maneuver of ...全家团圆family reunion慰藉comfort浓浓的中国节味儿the flavor of Chinese festivals封建统治feudal rule自给自足self-sufficient10 微博传播工具means of communication即时记录make immediate record获取get access to长期沉迷于某事engross oneself in sth. over a long time采用正确的态度看待...take a right attitude towards ...强化翻译50题提炼（Unit 5）01 春节联欢晚会如约而至/如期（如期播出）as scheduled（be broadcast as scheduled）大多数中国人the majority of the Chinese people迎合所有观众的喜好cater to all audience's tastes02 中秋节中秋节Mid-Autumn Festival亲朋好友friends and relatives月饼moon cakes世世代代以来for generations象征着be a symbol of harmony and unity在售卖be on sale低价抛售sell in big quantities随心所欲...follow one's inclinations to do sth. /have one's own way to do sth./do sth. at will03 皮影戏广为流传的widespread借/借助with the help of乡土气息rural favor民间工艺the Chinese folk arts and cra s将...与...结合在一起combine sth. with sth.馈赠佳品a rare gi to share不可或缺的indispensable04 中国功夫...源远流长，有着上千年的历史... have a long history of more than one thousand years 蕴含contain先哲ancient Chinese philosophers参悟understanding强身健体build fitness锻炼意志increase one's willpower修身养性cultivate one's moral character五花八门/种类繁多a great variety of励志的思想inspirational thought日益成为gradually become热门题材hot theme（可数）05 《论语》收录了...be a collection that records对...产生了重大的影响have a substantial influence/impact on ...率直鲁莽frank and rash温雅贤良refined and virtuous聪颖善辩bright and eloquent潇洒脱俗unrestrained and free from vulgarity06 泰山列为...之首rank first of ...将...放在首位list...as one's top priority必到之处must-visit places仅次于...only rank next to ...根本原因the root cause五岳the five great mountains雄伟壮观的majestic观赏自然奇观appreciate natural wonders人文景观cultural landscape饱览have a good view of...更是闻名遐迩be still more famous for ...繁衍昌盛life's fertility无以复加in the extreme07 中华文化以...为豪/引以为豪take pride in ...软实力so power媒介media充分调动fully mobilize有底气feel emboldened/confident弘扬carry forward /develop /enhance发挥display /give free rein to /develop展现/诠释/解读/说明interpret /explain /illustrate悠久灿烂的中国文化long-standing and splendid culture先礼后兵try fair means before resorting to force 08 留守儿童留守儿童le -behind children因为他们的父母在外出务工Since their parents are migrant workers更严峻的是...An even more pressing issue is the fact that面临...的缺失be confronted/faced with the lack of据最新统计according to the latest statistics是...的必要条件be a prerequisite to ...让...健康成长give ... a healthy upbringing自暴自弃abandon oneself to despair09 清明节是...的好时机it is a good time for sth./ to do sth.节气solar terms（可数）扫墓sweep the tombs/ tomb-sweeping怀念cherish the memory of祭奠hold a memorial ceremony远足踏青have a spring outing举行祭祀、祭品to sacrifice、sacrifices隐居lead a hermit's life10 相声流传已久的long-running曲艺形式/艺术形式art forms（可数）捧腹大笑burst into laughter形体动作body movements鞭笞社会的黑暗面lash out at the dark side of the society家喻户晓的well-known开场白prologue。
2021年英语四级翻译习题复习资料（卷四）汉译英1. 我已经戒掉睡前吸烟的坏习惯，再也不用听妻子不断地发牢骚了。
(give up)2. 与其他同龄人不同的是，他迷恋京剧。
(set apart from; be addicted to)3. 她对他用情至深，愿意克服任何障碍与他结婚。
(so that; obstacle)4. 只是在考试成绩出来之后，我才意识到必须更加刻苦才能不落后。
(only; keep up with)5. 作为主要谈判人，她在打破双方之间的障碍上创造了奇迹。
(miracle)6. 您无需担心，男士是不允许进入这个房间的。
(need; allow sb. to do sth.)7. 如果要我在上大学还是去工作两者间选择，我会选择前者而非后者。
(instead of)8. 尽管说明书上说“一次吃一片”，他还是一下子吃了三片。
(in spite of; at a time)参考译文1. Having given up the bad habit of smoking before bedtime, I no longer have to hear my wife complaining all the time.2. What sets him apart from other people of his age is that he isaddicted to Beijing Opera.3. She is so much in love with him that she’s ready to overcome any obstacle to marry him.4. Only after the result of the exam came out did I realize I would have to work harder to keep up with the others.5. As chief negotiator she has performed miracles in breaking down barriers between the two sides.6. You don’t need to worry. Men are not allowed to get into this room.7. If I had to make a choice between going to college and finding a job, I would choose the former instead of the latter.8. In spite of the instruction of taking one pill at a time, he took three all at once.汉译英1. 在我看来，取得成功的最佳途径是努力工作。
四六级写作、翻译必背句型学习步骤和方法：一看二译三比四背（一）理解并重点掌握其中的常用表达（划线部分）（二）做汉译英练习，即在不看英文的前提下把中文翻译成英语；（三）将自己的译句与原句比较；（四）默写并口头背诵英语原句特别提示：最好要拟订进度计划，即详尽每天理解和背诵多少个新句，复习多少个旧句。
1. According to a recent survey, each year four million people die from diseases linked to smoking.依照近来的一项检查，每年有4，000， 000 人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
2. The latest surveys show that quite a lot of students have unpleasant associations with homework.近来的检查显示相当多的学生对家庭作业没什么好感。
3.No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.没有一项发明像互联网相同同时碰到这样多的赞美和责怪。
4.People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们忧如忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能够随着毕业而结束。
6.When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifelong course.说到教育，大多数人认为其是一个平生的过程。
大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案《大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及详细答案解析（涵盖各类常见话题）》。
一、模拟试题。
（一）旅游话题。
题目：中国的城市化（urbanization）将会充分释放潜在内需（domestic demand）。
中国几乎所有的大中型城市都在进行城市化。
这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提供更多的就业机会。
越来越多的人开始向城市迁徙，寻找更好的生活。
城市的发展也吸引了大量的外国投资。
因此，城市化有助于中国经济的进一步发展。
要求：将上述内容翻译成英语。
（二）传统文化话题。
题目：中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。
2010年，约有4.2亿网民（netizen），而且人数还在迅速增长。
互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化。
中国网民往往不同于美国网民。
美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使，用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、做研究、规划旅程或付款。
中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，因而更广泛地使用QQ、聊天室等。
要求：将上述内容翻译成英语。
（三）教育话题。
题目：中国的教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。
中国政府在过去几十年里一直在努力推进教育改革。
教育改革的目标是培养全面发展的人才，提高国民素质。
为了实现这个目标，学校增加了许多课外活动，比如体育比赛、文艺表演、志愿者活动等。
这些活动不仅丰富了学生的课余生活，也培养了他们的团队合作精神和社会责任感。
要求：将上述内容翻译成英语。
二、答案。
（一）旅游话题答案。
China's urbanization will fully release the potential domestic demand. Almost all large and medium-sized cities in China are undergoing urbanization. This has led to an improvement in the living standards of many people and also provided more job opportunities. More and more people are migrating to cities in search of a better life. The development of cities has also attracted a large amount of foreign investment. Therefore, urbanization contributes to the further development of China's economy.解析：- “充分释放”用“fully release”表达比较合适。
英语四级翻译模拟题附答案和讲解第141期:中国高铁中国正与17个国家协商，要把高铁网络(high-speed railway network)延伸到这些国家。
这些国家大多数矿产和能源资源都很丰富。
这些线路将会按照中国高铁建设标准来铺设，最高时速可达到350公里。
中国承诺为他们提供技术、设备和高速列车，甚至为那些愿意向中国提供自然资源的国家承担建设费用。
目前，中俄两国已经就修建跨越西伯利亚（Siberia）的高铁路线达成了一致意见。
1.第1句中的“要把高铁网络延伸到这些国家”是协商的具体内容，“与某人协商某事”可用negotiation sth. with sth.或negotiation with sb. about sth的结构，句末的“这些国家”指代前面提到的“17个国家”，此处为避免用词重复，将“这些国家”译为their territory。
2.第2句的主干为“矿产和能灌资源都很丰富”，而主语的修饰成分较长，如按中文语序直译，则因主语太长而显得头重脚轻。
故宜将主语转换为“这些国家大多数”，“很丰富”和“矿产和能源资源”分别处理为谓语和状语，译作 Most of them are rich in mineral and energy resources,3.第3句的两个分句语义联系不太紧密，可分译成两句。
“这些线路将会按照中国高铁建设标准来铺设”虽无被动标识词，但实表被动，翻译时需译作these rails will be built...。
“按照中国高铁建设标准”作状语，可用现在分词短语following China's high-speed railway standard 来表达，也可用介词短语by China's...,或是 in accordance with China's...来表达。
4.第4句的主干是“中国承诺……为……承担建设费用”为“承诺”的具体内容，故可采用promise that...的句型，或用promise to do sth.的结构。
2018年大学英语四级密训班讲义（翻译和写作）陈正康博士编讲翻译翻译部分测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。
翻译题型为段落汉译英。
翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
四级长度为140-160个汉字。
本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。
各档次的评分标准见下表：（1）直译[literal translation]直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译（2）意译[free translation;paraphrase]意译,也称为自由翻译,它是只保持原Example：He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen mayor of Beijing.My master is dear to me,but still dearer is the truth.Love is dearer to me than life,but for the sake of the success in the postgraduate entrance examinations,both of them may be ignored..Part IV Translation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。
中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。
大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如and、or等，或标点符号如：分号，逗号，破折号等，若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或子句连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表达一个复杂得多层次含义。
这种句式虽然难度不一定很高，但在复杂长句中还是占了相当大的比例的.Classroom ：1. Now,Shaw is exaggerating,but there is something in what he says,and the question is worth following up,for the sake of the light it throws on modern knowledge。
要点：本句是由并列连词but，and引导的并列复合句。
在第三个分句中it throws on modern knowledge是定语从句，修饰名词light，定语从句的引导词that被省略。
“throw light on sth.”的意思是“make sth. clear”。
参考译文：当然萧伯纳是言过其实了，但他所说的也确实有些道理，这一问题值得进一步探讨，因为它会帮助人们看清现代知识的真实情况。
2.It was mostly he who talked and he seemed afraid to stop for fear she’d ask him to leave her by herself.要点：这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。
And前面的句子是强调句，强调的成分是he。
for fear(that)=in order that…should not happen意为“生怕，以免”，to leave her by herself=to leave her alone。
参考译文：大部分时间都是他在讲话。
他似乎害怕停下来，生怕话一停，她就会请他离开。
一、大学英语四级常考语法点（虚拟语气和倒装）1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法条件从句中的谓语主句谓语与现在事实相反V.-ed(be→ were)Would/should/could/might +v.与过去事实相反Had doneWould/should/could/might + have done与将来事实相反v.-ed (be → were)/Should + v./were to +v.Would/should/could/might +v.2.一些特殊的虚拟条件句1）Conditional Sentences of Mixed Time （错综时间条件句）：If you had taken her advice, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.（if从句说的是与过去事实相反，主句说的是与现在事实相反）If it hadn’t been for the doctors’ care, I wouldn’t be speaking to you now.注：如果if 从句中的谓语动词是had, should, were,可以省掉if, 分别把这三个词提前，其余成分保持不变。
如：上述第二句had it not been for the…2) Sentences of Implied Condition （含蓄条件句）：(由but, otherwise等一些词引导)But for my money that woman would have persecuted him.I would have written before but I have been ill.In the old days she would have argued.Given more time and money, he would have done better than what it is.Electronic computers must be made very small. Otherwise it would be impossible for them to be put in a satellite.3. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用1）在宾语从句中的运用A. wish后的宾语从句：（往前面推一个时态）用过去式表示现在情况：I wish I knew what was going to happen.I wish I could help you.用过去完成时表示过去的情况：My father wishes that he had gone to university. （不看wish这个单词本身的时态，看整个句子暗示的发生时间，再往前面推一个时态）注：间或用would构成谓语：I wish you wouldn’t be so noisy.B. would rather/sooner; had better; suppose后的宾语从句（that引导，that可以省掉）I would rather you told me the truth.I’d sooner you didn’t ask me that question.I had better you did it.Suppose her father turned her out of doors!C.用在某些动词后的宾语从句：suggest,（建议用虚拟，暗示不用） demand, insist,（坚持要求用虚拟，坚持认为不用） ask, propose, urge, vote, request, command, desire, move, order, recommend, require,decree, intend, petition, decide, direct + that + (should) + v.He suggested that a petition (should) be drawn up.His pale face suggested that he was ill.He insisted that he (should) be sent because he insisted that he was innocent.2)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用Advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper和一些表示感情色彩的形容词unfair, dreadful, strange, surprising, natural, unthinkable, unbelievable. （should加动词原形，should可以省掉）It is essential that all the facts be examined first.It is necessary that he come back without delay.3)用在表语从句和同位语从句中：（就是上面的一些形容词、动词转化为名词）Sophia’s idea was that they (should) lock up the house.The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.4)用在状语从句中：A. As if/as though（往前面推一个时态）表示现在的情况用过去式：I remember it vividly as though it were tonight.He behaves as if he owned the place.表示过去的情况用过去完成时：He talked about Rome as though he had been there himself.B.目的状语从句Lest, in order that, so that, for fear that, in caseHe hurried on, lest she should meet him again.5）用在It’s (high) time后的定语从句中（可以用should加动词原形）It’s high time we went.It’s time we ordered dinner.Inversion状语前置常引起倒装1.Full Inversion: 整个谓语位于主语之前a. 当句首状语为方位词，谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动态动词时。
大学英语四级翻译讲义农历(the lunar calendar)起源于数千年前的中国,根据太阳和月亮的运行规律制定。
长期以来,农历在农业生产和人们日常生活中发挥着重要作用。
古人依据农历记录日期、安排农活,以便最有效地利用自然资源和气候条件,提高农作物的产量和质量。
中国的春节、中秋节等传统节日的日期都基于农历。
农历是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，当今依然广为使用。
The lunar calendar originated in China thousands of years ago and was formulated based on the movements of the sun and the moon.For a long time, the lunar calendar has played an important role in agricultural production and people’s daily lives.Ancient people used the lunar calendar to record dates and arrange farming activities to make the most efficient use of natural resources and climatic conditions,thereby improving the yield and quality of crops.Traditional Chinese festivals such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival are all based on the lunar calendar.The lunar calendar is an important part of traditional Chinese culture and is still widely used today.四合院(siheyuan)是中国一种传统的住宅建筑,其特点是房屋建造在一个院子的四周,将院子合围在中间。
归纳整理-西班牙语四级真题翻译篇一、考查语法点：（一）虚拟语气（1）时态变化1. Linda___________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件）：otherwise, she would have replied．（2011.12-88）解析：couldn’t have received my e-mail本题考察混合型虚拟语气。
otherwise提示我们句子后半句是与过去事实相反（事实是Linda没有回复），因此用could+have+过去分词。
句子前半句是在陈述一种事实，从句子后半句could have +过去分词我们可以推断前面“没有收到我的电子邮件”也是在发生在过去，且对现在产生了影响（还没有收到回信），因此这里用现在完成时，could have +过去分词。
2. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she _______(能被分配做另一项工作).解析：could be assigned (to) another job (2011.6-88) 被动态本题考察了wish从句的虚拟语气用法（can→could）和“分配某人做某事”的词组搭配，assign sb. to sth. 或者assign sb. sth.3. You would not have failed if you ___________________________(按照我的指令去做). (2009.12-87)解析：had followed my instructions/orders【结构分析】本句的主语是You。
谓语动词是would not have failed。
if you had followed my instructions是if引导的条件状语从句。
【要点解析】本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。
①if从句的虚拟语气考查，根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would +have的形式，从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构。
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一、题型介绍与分析 英译汉为四级考试近年来新增设的主观题型，主要考核考生对英语书面材料的正确理解能力。试题分别选自于阅读理解部分的四篇短文，每篇短文中选择一至两个句子组成一题，每题约含20至30个单词。考试时间为15分钟，共10分。考试时，考生可参阅阅读理解部分的短文，以便了解上下文。 二、应试策略与技巧 A．主要运用的技巧： 英译汉部分一般包括：词类转化法、省略法、增词法、反译法、分译法等技巧。 1．词类转化法 在英译汉时，将英语中的某种词类在保证原文意义不变的情况下，根据汉语的需要改变成另一类词的方法。
1) 名词转副词 The girl in the seat is studying the old woman with interest . 【译文】座位上的那个女孩正饶有兴趣地打量着那位老妇人。 【分析】 interest 在原文中为名词，译成汉语转化为副词。 2）副词转动词 a.The real victory is not over one’s fellow runners but over one’s body. 【译文】真正的胜利不是胜过其他赛手，而是胜过自己的体力。 【分析】over在原文中为副词，译成汉语转化为动词。 b. We are two days ahead of schedule． 【译文】我们比原计划提前了两天。 【分析】其中的副词ahead就被译为汉语的动词提前。 3）动词转名词 a．Their original work impressed every auendant of the conference deeply．
【译文】他们创造性的工作给每个与会者留下了深刻的印象。 【分析】英文动词impressed就被译为汉语名词印象。 b.The ten-year-old girl behaves as an adult．
【译文】这个十岁女孩的举止像个大人。 【分析】动词behaves被译为汉语名词举止。 c.A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an English, got into the train. 【译文】一位穿着考究，外表、谈吐像英国人的人上了火车。 【分析】looked， talked 在原文中为动词，译成汉语转化为名词。 4）名词转形容词 a.Whatever happens, we are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy. 【译文】无论发生什么，我们都要深信这一政策是正确的。 【分析】correctness在原文中为名词，译成汉语转化为形容词。 b. I am deeply impressed by the beauty of the Summer Palace． 免费？宅在家学英语？怎么报名？ 【译文】美丽的颐和园给我留下了深刻的印象。 【分析】名词beauty被译为汉语形容词美丽的。 5) 名词转动词 例如： a.There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.(CET-4 91.6) 【译文】家长们普遍认为，学校不再对学生的拼写感兴趣。 【分析】belief在原文为名词，译成汉语转化为动词。 b. In some cases，deserts is the creation of destruction of virgin forest． 【译文】有时，沙漠是人类毁坏原始森林造成的。 【分析】英文中的名词creation和destruction被译成了汉语的动词造成和毁坏。 c. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Isreali withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement oflsreali’s rightto exist． 【译文】1967年联合国文件呼吁在以色列撤出所占领土、阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权力的基础上解决中东冲突。 【分析】settlement、withdrawal和acknowledgement三个词都是名词，但它们仍然含有动词的意思，所以在汉译时译成动词解决、撤出和承认更符合汉语的习惯 6）形容词转动词 a.I am certain that he will succeed．
【译文】我深信他会成功。 【分析】certain在译成汉语时就被译为动词深信。 b.Are you satisfied that he iS telling the truth?
【译文】你确信他在讲真话吗? 【分析】satisfied在译成汉语时就被译为动词确信。 7）介词转动词 a.He can write in English．
【译文】他会用英语写作。 【分析】介词in就应译成动词用。 b.Ihad been at work all day．
【译文】我整天都在工作。 【分析】介词at就应译成动词在工作。 8）形容词转名词 a.The railway ticket is valid for three months．
【译文】这张火车票的有效期为三个月。 【分析】形容词valid被译为汉语名词有效期。 b.The electrical appliances made in China are competitive in the world market．
【译文】中国制造的家用电器在国际市场上很有竞争力。 免费？宅在家学英语？怎么报名？ 【分析】形容词competitive被译为汉语名词竞争力。 9）副词转名词 It is officially said that the unemployment rate is very low．
【译文】据官方说失业率很低。 【分析】副词officiaUy被译为汉语名词官方。 10）动词转形容词 Let me see if it fits．
【译文】让我看看它是否合适。 【分析】动词fits被译为汉语形容词合适。 11）副词转形容词 His theory was once severely criticized．
【译文】他的理论曾受到过严厉的批判。 【分析】副词severely被译为汉语形容词严厉的。 12）形容词转副词 Special care should be taken when handling flammable materials．
【译文】使用易燃材料时要格外小心。 【分析】形容词Special被译为汉语形容词格外。 2．省略法 省略法是将原文的某些词省去不译，因为译文虽无其词但已有其意。一般来说，英语中的冠词、连词、代词尤其是人称代词、关系代词、关系副词等译成汉语时常可省略。 例如：They also say that the need for talent, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees.(CET-4 98.6) 【译文】他们说，对有才干、有技术的美国人的需求意味着必须扩大潜在的雇员储备。 【分析】原文的that和we省略不译，意思完整。 They had fitted themselves to the climate here. 【译文】他们已经适应了这里的气候。 【分析】themselves省略不译，意思完整。 We had learned a lot from the workers and technicians. 【译文】我们从工人和技术人员那里学了不少东西。 【分析】名词复数省略不译。 It is desirable that the meeting should be held as soon as possible. 【译文】希望这次会议尽早召开。 【分析】It省略不译。 We have tested 200 types of cloth, none of which is completely waterproof. 【译文】我们已经试验了200种布料，没有一种能完全防水。 【分析】of which省略不译。 3．增词法 为了使译文忠实地表述原文的意思并符合汉语的表达习惯，必须对译文增加一些 免费？宅在家学英语？怎么报名？ 词语。 例如：This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning.(CET-4 94.1) 【译文】这种情况通常发生在我们遇到困难，或期望与目标有出入时。 【分析】根据上下文增加“发生”一词，句意完整清楚。 The students have their class in a bright classroom. 【译文】学生们在一间明亮的教室里上课。 【分析】根据上下文增加量词“一间”，句意完整清楚。 This plan with all its disadvantages is considered to be one of the best. 【译文】尽管有种种不周全之处，这个计划仍被认为是最佳计划之一。 【分析】根据上下文增加解释性文字“尽管”，句意完整清楚。 At last my dream came true. 【译文】我的梦想终于实现了。 【分析】根据上下文增加助词“了”，句意完整清楚。 The problem was both psychological and physiological. 【译文】这个问题涉及心理和生理两个方面。 【分析】根据上下文增加概括词“方面”，句意完整清楚。 It is time to consider the environmental problems on a global scale. 【译文】现在应该从全球范围来考虑环境问题。 【分析】根据上下文增加表示时态的词“现在”，句意完整清楚。 The finished products must be carefully examined before delivery. 【译文】成品在出厂前必须加以仔细地检查。 【分析】根据上下文增加表示语态的词“加以”，句意完整清楚。 4．反译法 由于汉英两种语言的思维逻辑、表达方式不同，英译汉时有时正译译不顺，翻译出的内容又不符合汉语的习惯表达方式，这就要从反面翻译。 例如：
