第十讲：8A语法综合复习+首字母填空
学员编号：年级：初二课时数：3
学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：
授课
T(8A语法综合复习二) C （首字母填空）C（作文）类型
授课日
期时段
教学内容
一、同步知识梳理
1 指示代词有哪几类？
2 不定代词some 和any
1.some 用于肯定句中,而any 用于否定句和疑问句中.例如:
---Do you have any water? 你们有水吗?
---No, we don’t have any water, but we have some fruit juice. 不,我们没有水,不过我们有一些果汁.
2.some 可以用于一般疑问句,表示请求,建议或希望得到肯定回答.例如:
I am thirsty. Can I have some water? 我渴.我能喝些水吗?
Any 可以用在if 引导的条件状语从句中,解释为“任何的”.例如:
If you have any questions, please raise your hand. 如果你们有任何问题,请举手.
用some 或any 填空:
1.He asked for more sauce and I passed him ______.
2.Do you know _______ of his friends?
3.May I ask you _______ questions now, Mr. Green?
二、同步题型分析
1 指示代词：表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。指示代
词有this，that，these，those等。
this（复数形式是these），是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。
that（复数形式是those），是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。
Ⅰ指示代词的基本用法（在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语）
This is my doll. That is Mary's。
这是我的洋娃娃，那是玛丽的。
1.作主语
That is a good idea.
那是个好主意。
2.作表语
2.
9.
一、专题检测
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给):（14分）
Many people use the Internet to get useful knowledge and facts, and to relax
themselves. But some of them are not using it in a good way. Here are some rules to
make sure you are s 1 and have fun on the Internet.
1.Make rules for the Internet use with your parents. For example, when and how long you
can go online, and what activities you can do online.
2.Don’t give your password to anyone else, and never give out the following i 2 :
your real name, home address, age, school, phone number, etc.
3.Check with your parents before giving out a credit (信用) card number.
4.Never send a photo of yourself to anyone in an e-mail u 3 your parents say it’s OK.
5.Check with your parents before going into a chat room. Different chat rooms have different rules and attract
different kinds of people. Y ou and your parents must make sure it’s a r 4 place for chatting.
6.Never agree to meet someone you meet on the Internet w 5 your parents’ permission (允许). Never
meet anyone you meet online a 6 .
7.Always remember that people online may not be the people they say they are. Treat (视为) everyone online
as if they were strangers.
8.If something you see or read online makes you uncomfortable, l 7 the site. Tell your parents or your
teachers at once.
9.Treat other people as you’d like to be treated. Never use bad language.
10.Remember---not everything you read on the Internet is true.
二、知识梳理
一、副词解密
让我们来回顾一下副词的概念。
副词（adverb，简写为adv）是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为：地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语，定语。
示例：He works hard. （作状语）他工作努力。
You speak English very well. （作状语）你英语讲的相当好。
Is she in ? （作表语）她在家吗?
Food here is hardly to get. （here作定语，hardly作状语）这儿很难弄到食物。
我们再按照中考常考副词的性质做个分类
1、时间和频率副词：
now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, late,
next, last day, already(已经, generally(一般的,
frequently（频繁）, seldom（很少的）,
ever, never, yet, soon, too, immediately（立即）, finally, shortly（很快）,
before, ago, sometimes, yesterday，once，twice
2、地点副词:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere, somewhere, in, out, inside,
outside, above, below, down, back, forward（向前的）, home,
upstairs(楼上的、, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near,
off, past, up, away, on.
3、方式副词:
carefully, properly(适当的、, anxiously(焦虑的、, suddenly,
normally(正常的、, fast, well, calmly(冷静的、, politely(有礼貌的、,
proudly(自豪的、, softly, warmly ,slowly
4、程度副词:
much,little, very,rather(相当、,so,too,still, quite, perfectly(完美的、,
enough, extremely(非常、, entirely(整个、,almost, slightly(细小的、, hardly.
5、疑问副词:how, when, where, why.
6、关系副词:when, where, why. how等。
7、连接副词:
therefore(因此、,moreover(此外、,however, otherwise(另外的、,then, when ,where, how, why 等。
三、专题突破
历年上海中考英语首字母填空副词出现情况
2011年上海中考
New technology has really opened up the world of film making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m 93 and most young people are certainly able to pay for it.
B 96 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one?
2010年上海中考
A survey has been published which shows that British people don't like their neighbors very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbors h92 pay attention to others" feelings.
Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbors never share a meal, 80% have never had a drink t 97 ,and 20% have never even spoken.
2009年上海中考
Week 2 We started recycling this week. We tried to write on both sides of our paper, not just on one side. We also divided our rubbish into d 93 bags (or bottles, cans, paper and food. Mum kept the plastic shopping bags from the supermarket to use them a 94 as rubbish bags. These are great ways to help our environment.
Week 3, We stopped taking long baths and had short showers i 95 .
08年上海中考
Do you have bright ideas? Ideas for inventions that change the world or, at least, make life easier for somebody? P 97 we all do sometimes, but we don’t often make the idea a real thing.
Most sunshine recorders o 102 record direct (直接的) sunshine.
2007年上海中考
Have a warm bath —it’s a great way to relax. But n99 stay in there too long. More than twenty minutes and you will lose all your energy. And the bathroom isn’t the best place to fall asleep!
2005年上海中考
Next, you can read a book a__94: in a car, in a waiting-room, on a plane, in bed — even in the bath. All you need is a book! Reading is a convenient hobby as it is easy to stop and then start again.
Some people say that reading is out of date. This is not true. You have to be able to read to use a computer and, the better you read, the better your computer skills will be. Reading is h__98__ out of date!
2004年上海中考
He asked Christopher to lend him $ 1, 000 for the wedding party, and promised to pay him back a month later when he started his new job. Christopher knew that Jeff was not very good with money, but he s 90 agreed. As they were old friends, they didn't put anything in writing.
A month later, Christopher hadn't heard from Jeff or received any money, s 91 he phoned him.
2003年上海中考
She has also found somewhere e_(2)_____ to live – a small flat about five miles away, so now there’s only John and me left at home.
Joe’s fine, but he hasn’t been able to do m___(6)____ in the garden because of the weather, which has been terrible.
2002年上海中考
While her brother Frank ate chocolate, she had to eat an apple. Alana was on the diet for two months. Her doctor was pleased with her. "You have been very good, "he said. "You can eat some of the foods you like best But only a little. Don't eat too many sweets. Don't eat too much ice cream. If you do, you will get a lot of weight a 3 . "
"But I really like chicken, " said Frank. "You said it is one of the best meats to eat "
"It is a very good food for most people, " said the doctor. "But when you eat it, it makes you sick. It is not a good food for you. "
"You're right, " said Frank "Well, I'll eat more cake i 6 . "
四、专题过关
1. —One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. — Right. The government spoke h____ of that.
2. It is e_______ to work out this problem. You needn’t go to the t eacher.
3.—How far is the factory from here? —It’s about 4 kilometers a_______.
4. French is not used so w______ as English.
5. I_____ of answering, she just smiled.
6. We are too tired to go a_____ farther.
7. He spoke too q ____ for us to follow.
8. He isn’t strong enough to hold s______ a heavy box.
9. He knew o_______ a little about the history, but I knew even less
10. The rock is n_____ two hundred kilograms, and almost no one can move it.
11. It is said that some teachers will go to Japan. They are p___ going to work as exchange teachers of Chinese.
12. Why did you ask him for help instead of Jim? He is n_______ more helpful than Jim.
13. After having failed many times, the young man refused to try it o_______ more.
14.This gentleman is very interested in singing. He often goes to the Karaoke hall with his friends and sometimes comes home very late, or r_____, very early in the morning.
15. The Summer Palace is one of the m___ beautiful parks in Beijing. I suggest you going there to have a visit.
16. Yesterday my friend and I went to the supermarket nearby. We found that there were a_______ nothing worth buying.
17. Such a small man can't p_____ reach the balloon one meter higher than he.
18. What she said is p________ true. That is to say, not all she said is true.
19. This novel is f______ a good book, but there are many that are better.
20. Our cousin who is attending college in New York phones us every Sunday at six, r_________ as clockwork.
21. The task is hard, h____, the workers managed to finish it in time.
22. The international police has come into existence and they were t____ the key to global security.
23.They planned to go to Beijing for sightseeing, but because of their daughter's unexpected illness they had to stay at home i_____.
24. At the beginning, I had some difficulty with my English, and my teacher pulled me t______.
25. The general asked his men to push o_____ so they might overtake the retreating (败退的) enemy troop.
26. She likes to keep things rather than throw them a____.
27. I never expected you to turn u____ at the meeting. I thought you were abroad.
一、语法问题
1.主谓齐全
作为一个句子，在一般情况下都应具备主语和谓语，但同学们写的句子经常出现主谓残缺不全的现象。V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。
例如：found him out．我发现他出去了。
I saw him in．我见他在家。
2.关系一致
这里包括主谓关系的一致、代词指代关系的一致、句子前后时态关系的一致等等。例如：（错误）In my eyes, we should do our best to achieve your goals.
（正确）In my eyes, we should do our best to achieve our goals.
我认为，为了实现目标，我们应该尽最大的努力。
3.词序恰当
英语词的词序有些是有规则可循的，有些要根据作者强调的重点调整位置。
4.前后连贯
这是指一个句子里的词语要衔接得当，关系清楚，合乎逻辑。
5.简练
不要堆砌修饰性词语。在没有把握的情况下，不要用从句，应该多用简单句。
二、特殊句式
1.主旨句
主题句一般位于段首，也可置于段尾或段中，考生最好放在段首，这样较易掌握和构思。
位于段首：在英文中，大部分段落的第一句便是主题句。开门见山地提出问题，后面的扩展句围绕主题加
以说明、支持、补充和解释;
位于段尾：主题句位于段尾便于总结全段的内容，给读者以深刻的印象，是写作中的一种演绎方法;
位于段中：位于段中的主题句起承上启下的作用，这类主题句多起转折作用，一般由“but,however, yet, anyhow, nevertheless”等词连接，用于引起下文;
无主题句：有的段落中无主题句，段落的主题思想通过文章内容来提示，这种方法能促使读者对文章内容进行思考和分析，但考生一般不宜在考试中采用这种方法。
2.扩展句
围绕主题句展开，支持、说明和阐述主题句的句子便是扩展句。扩展句紧扣主题句中的关键词而展开，句子与句子之间逻辑清楚，上下转承结合得当，简明扼要，重点突出。一般来说，每个自然段除了主题句与结尾句之外，还包含了3-6 个扩展句。所以，写好了扩展句便基本上完成一个自然段落。
做题时，一旦定下了主题和关键词，便按照自己的思路来组织段落中的句子，句子之间要具有连贯性，就必须由一系列的逻辑关系构成，例如：并列关系，因果关系，递进关系，转折关系，解释关系，概括关系，顺序关系，让步关系，对照、比较关系，转换关系等等，这些逻辑关系可由一系列的过渡词来体现。
3.结尾句
结尾句是对主旨句的呼应，它通常导出扩展句所陈述的结果。
文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种：
1）首尾呼应，画龙点睛在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。
如“I Cannot Forget Her”（我忘不了她）的结尾：
After her death， I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away， but I kn ew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.
2）重复主题句结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。
如“I Love My Home Town”（我爱家乡）的结尾：
I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out
to do more for the good of our motherland.
3）自然结尾随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。
如“Fishing”的结尾：I caught as many as twenty fish
in two hours， but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing， we lay down on the river bank， b athing in the sun. We returned home very late.
4）含蓄性的结尾
用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考。
如“A Day of Harvesting”（收割的日子）的结尾：
Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat， but on every face there was a smile.
5）用反问结尾
虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别的强调作用，引起读者深思。
如“Should We Learn to Do Housework？”（我们要不要学做家务？）的结尾。
Everyone should learn to do housework. Don't you agree， boys and girls？
6）指明方向，激励读者结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。
如“Let's Go in for Sports”（让我们参加体育运动）的结尾：
As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work better. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports.
二、能力点评
1 学会判断副词的位置
2 学会用主旨句和扩展句，使文章的结构清晰。
课后作业
(1)
Obamas’ $1 Allowance（零花钱）: How Much Do You Pay Your Kids?
Many children in America try to find the jobs in their holidays to earn their pocket money, including President Obama’s daughters Sasha and Malia. Obama gives his seven and ten-year-old daughters just a dollar a week each for the jobs they do. They help to do housework such as setting the table, washing dishes, and c 1 their play areas and bedrooms.
Some people question if it is r 2 to give children allowances in this way. But most of the American parents believe that everyone in the family should be responsible for the housework. The people who agree with this point say that kids shouldn’t just get allowances for n 3 , and that such payments can help kids learn it is not easy to get money -- this is the first l 4 of their money management skills. Most of the children in America are allowed to spend their allowances on the things they like. Many people think that kids can start receiving allowances around ages 4 or 5, when children start to understand how money w 5 in life.
How much should the children get from their jobs is another problem, e 6 in these tough economic times (经济困难时期). One way here can help the parents to make the decision: write down how much you spend on your child daily for two weeks and set an a 7 based on(基于) the average daily expenses. Then you will get the answer.