1 高二英语 必修5 模块 3 语法讲解教案 直接引语转换成间接引语的规则
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，叫作直接引语， 用自己的语言转述别人的话，叫作间接引语。 直接引语用引号标出，而间接引语不需要引号。直接引语为陈述句。一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，和祈使句，转换成间接引语时， 句子的结构，人称，时态， 时间状语和地点状语都有变化。
1． 人称的转变
直接引语转化成间接引语时，人称要根据情况作必要的变化。
She said , “I am very sorry.”
----- She said that she was very sorry.
“ You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.
---- My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
He said to his son, “I’ll check your homework tonight.”
----- He said to his son that he would check his homework that night.
2. 时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时， 主句的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作出相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求）。
时态的变化 例句
直接引语中
的时态 转换成间接引语
后的时态 直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时 He said, “ I am afraid I can’t
go.” He said that he was
afraid he couldn’t go.
现在进行时 过去进行时 He said, “I am reading now.” He aid that he was
reading then.
现在完成时 过去完成时 He said, “I have not heard from
her since July” He said that he had not
heard from her since
July. 2 一般过去时 过去完成时 “Why did he refuse to go
there?” the teacher asked. The teacher asked why
she had refused to go
there.
一般将来时 过去将来时 He asked the conductor, Where
shall I get off to change a No.3
bus?” He asked the conductor
where he would get off
to change to a No.3 bus.
过去完成时 不变 Mother asked me, “Had you
finished your homework before
you watched TV?” Mother asked me whether
I had finished my
homework before I
watched TV.
过去进行时 不变 Tom said, “We were having a
football match this time
yesterday. Tom said that they were
having a football match
that time the day
before.
3.时间状语，地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词的变化。
时间状语电、地点状语及某些对比性的指示
代词和动词的变化 例句
直接引语中 转换成间接引语 直接引语 间接引语直接引语
this that He said, “I’ll
come this
evening.” He said that he
would go that
evening.
these those She said, “These
books belong too
me.” She said that those
books belonged to
me.
now then He said, “It’s
time to go now.” He said that it was
time to go than.
today that day He said. “ I have
had two meetings
today.” He said that he had
had two meetings
today. 3 yesterday the day before He said, “ I went
there yesterday.”
He said that he had
gone there the day
before.
last the…before He said, “ I saw
her last week.” He said that he had
seen her the week
before.
tomorrow the next day He said, “ I will
go there
tomorrow.” He said that he
would go there the
next day.
here there He said, “ I was
here three days
ago.” He said that he had
been there three
days before.
bring take He said, “I will
bring my son here
next time.” He said that he woul
take his son there
the next time.
come go He said, “ I will
come this
afternoon.” He said that he
would go that
afternoon.
4． 直接引语变成间接引语时， 从句时态无须改变的情况。
1）直接引语表述的是客观事实。科学真理和格言时， 例如：
The teacher said “ The earth moves round the sun.”
---- The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.
He said, “ Practice makes perfect.”
----- He said that practice makes perfect.
2) 主句的时态是一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时时。例如：
He often says, “I will never forget you.”
---- He often says he will never forget me.
He will say, “ I have done my best..”
---- He will say that he has done his best. 4 3) 在同一时间范围内转述别人的话，且直接引语中含有明确的表示过去的时间状语时。例如：
Li Ping said to me,“ I was late for school yesterday.”
---- Li Ping told me that she was late for school yesterday.(转述时间仍在当天)
Tom: I have been there before.
Lily : What did Tom say?
Jin: Tom said that he has been there before.
4) 直接引语中含有when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句，变间接引语时，从句的时态不便，例如“ She said , “I went there when I was six years old.”
------ She said she had gone there when she was six years old.
5) 直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时， 例如：
He said , “I went to college in 1994. ”
---- He told us that he went to college in 1994.
6) 直接引语中有以when, while 引导的从句， 表示过去的时间时。例如：
He said , “ When I was a child , I usually played football after school. "
------ He said when he was a child; he usually played football after school.
7) 直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must. used to, ought to, had better
等动词时， 例如：
She said , “ We should help each other.”
----- She said we should help each other.
5. 间接引语的命令，请求，劝告
直接命令， He said, “ Sit down, Tom.”
间接命令。 He told Tom to sit down.
间接命令，请求及劝告的常用句式为：“ 表示命令，请求，劝告的动词+宾语+不定式”。
根据语境，可选用下列动词：
advise, ask, invite, beg, implore, command, encourage, treat, forbid, order,
recommend, remind, request, tell. urge, warm ,etc.
He said,“ Get your coat, Tom!”
He told Tom to get his coat.
“ You had better hurry, Bill!” She said.
