高三年语法专项复习——分词
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课题:高三年语法专项复习——分词
复习目标
1、什么是非谓语动词
2、分词的主要功能和特征
3、分词重难点:
4、高考考察热点
教学步骤:
导入:(通过结合上节课复习过的句型,让学生关注分词。
既复习上节课内容,又把注意力转移到本节课的中心。
)
大家公认…It is universally acknowledged that…..
鉴于/考虑到Seeing that……
据预测/估计It is predicted that…..
与……比起来Compared with……
权衡这两种观点,我认为…Weighing up these two opinions, I think that…...非谓语分词现在分词(表主动或正在进行)
过去分词(表被动或完成)
注意:过去式属于谓语动词。
(学生经常混淆过去式和过去分词)
1.什么是非谓语动词
As time goes on, he becomes more and more interested in science.
Follow the road and you will find the hospital.
______ the road , you will find the hospital.
A.Follow
B.Following
C.To follow
D.Followed
(and 是连词,前后被连接的两个成分须对称, 后面you will find the hospital.是一个句子,所以前面也必须是一个句子才能对称.
(后面you will find the road 是一个完整的句子, 中间无连词,所以前面不能是句子,即非句子. 非句子当中,不可使用谓语,而须使用非谓语.)
With time ________, he becomes more and more interestedin science.
A.goes on
B.going on
C.gone on
D.went on
(as解释成“随着”引导时间状语丛句,须用谓语动词。
With在这里也解释成“随着”,但是它是介词,不能引导句子,所以用非谓语。
)
2.分词的功能和特征
I don’t like the man who is called Tom.
The women who are carrying babies get on the bus first.
结论:分词或分词短语可作定语
(If) (I am )invited,I will go to the party.
(When )(he was) sleeping in the room, he heard a strange sound.
结论:分词或分词短语可作状语
I heard the song sung by him in his room.
I heard him singing the song when I passed his room
结论:分词或分词短语可作补语.
可接分词作补语的动词,常见的有: see, watch, observe,look at,notice,get, have, make,hear, listen to, feel, find发现,
leave?(侧重让学生注意理解该词,因为它的词义特殊且是考试热点)
♦∙Don’t leave the tap water running.
♦∙We left a lot of work undone.
♦∙The guests left most of the dishes untouched.
♦∙He forgot to turn off the light but left it burning all night long.
结论:leave 使处于……状态
3.分词重难点:
作定语
♦∙The lady (who is) talking over there is our English teacher.
♦∙The book (which was) published in May sells well
结论:分词作定语相当于一个省掉连接词和be动词的定语从句
The lady who wears glasses is our English teacher
=The lady wearing glasses is our English teacher
注:分词或分词短语作定语,它的形式取决于它和所修饰的对象之间的关系。
The lake which lies in the west of Hangzhou is called the west lake.
= The lake lying in the west of Hangzhou is called the west lake.
有些不及物动词的现在分词形式和过去分词形式做定语都可以,但是意思有区别。
developing country
developed country
falling leaves
fallen leaves
boiling water
boiled water
spoken English
an English speaking country
分词作状语
a. 逻辑主语。
Scolded by her father, she cried.
Hearing the news, she cried.
Hearing the news, her tears dropped
逻辑主语即分词动作的发出者或承受者,它就是句子的主语.
b.独立主格结构:
Weather permitting, we will go on a trip.
(weather是逻辑主语, 而非we)
注:当非谓语前有名词或代词时,该名词或代词就是逻辑主语。
这个时候分词有自己的逻辑主语跟句子主语不一样,称为分词的独立主格结构。
c.分词的选择
Eg. Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the city very beautiful.
(逻辑主语we和see的关系是“我们看城市”, 用现在分词表主动)
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful
(逻辑主语the city和see 的关系是“城市被看”故用过去分词表被动)
分词的选择,取决于它跟逻辑主语之间的关系。
d.什么时候使用分词做状语?
句子与句子之间无连词.
They were standing by the lake, all (wear) swimming suits.
It _____ (be) fine today, we will go on a trip.
动词与动词之间无连词
We went from door to door, (buy) shoes.
He stayed at home, ( watch) TV.
(give ) more water, the flowers would not have died.
连词后无主语
Although ________ money,they manage to send their son to college.《新思unit15》cked cking cked in cks
When (ask) the reason for delay , he made no reply.
While (work ) in the company, he was often praised by the boss.
I will not go to the party unless (invite).
e.分词做状语的作用:
Arriving at home, he phoned me.
The woman entered the room, carrying a baby in her arm.
The emperor walked in the front of the crowd, holding his head high.
Feeling tired, he fell asleep soon.
Punished by his father seriously, he still felt happy.
Xiamen attracts millions of visitors every year, making it one of the most popular cities in a China. Boiled too long, the food will taste bad.
分词的形式
a.引入:
Seeing the film for the first time, he liked it very much.
_______ the film for a lot of times, he still likes it very much.
b.形式:
现在分词一般式(not ) doing (not) being done 完成式(not) having done (not) having been done
过去分词done
注:
过去分词只有一种形式,它可以表示被动或完成。
现在分词的完成式一般只做状语,强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式。
分词的否定形式一律在前面加not。
♦∙________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean the river.
A.Suffered
B.Suffering
C. Having suffered
D. Has suffered
_____ his homework, he had to stay in the classroom for two more hours.
A.Not finished.
B.Had no finished
C.Having not finished
D.Not having finished
♦∙He still repeated the same mistake, __________ many times.
A. had been told
B. has telling
C.having told
D.having been told
4.高考考察热点
逻辑主语
Finding her car stolen,______.
A.a policeman was asked to help
B.the area was researched thoroughly
C.it was looked for everywhere
D.she hurried to the police for help
独立主格结构
His eyes _______ into the sky , he didn’t noticed me.
A. Looking
B.looked
C.to look
D. was looking
The prisoner was carried into the police car, his hands ______ on the back.
.A.being tied B.tied C.tying D.to be tied
悬垂分词
Eg._____ (judge) from his accent , he must come from America.
有些分词短语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称做独立成分或悬垂分词。
)
常见的有:
Judging from,根据……来判断
Generally speaking, 一般说来
Strictly speaking,严格地说
Frankly speaking,坦白地说
To tell you the truth,说实话
To be honest,
To put it simply,简单地说
符号和连词
she opened the door ,______ and went into the room.
A.turning on
B.being turned on
C.having turned on
D.turned on
Realizing I would be late, I quickly dressed my daughter and, _____ my bag, went to
work.
(2009年龙岩市单科质检)
A.carried
B.having carried
C.to carry
D.carrying
1.________to the left , you’ll find the post office .
2. If you ________to the left , you’ll find the post office .
3. ________to the left , and you’ll find the post office .
4.________ to the left; you will find the hospital.
A. Turning
B. To turn
C. Turn
D. Turned。