Unit 4 Global warming
一．单词拼写
1. A __________(广泛传播的)flu epidemic affected eighteen western states.
2. There has been serious ________________(分歧) between the two political over the question.
3. Middle-aged people t_________ to get fat.
4. By the sea I saw a wide r__________of seashells.
5. The _____________(平均数)of 3, 6and 9 is
6.
6. A child who can remember 3000 English words at the age of 3 would be called an unusual p________________.
7. The food was enough in q_____________, but not very good in quality,
8. Though he is less than one year old, he is strong enough to walk s_____________.
9. His opinion is reasonable. No one is o__________ to it.
10. In c______________ of a terrible earthquake the whole city was destroyed.
二．短语集锦
全球气候变暖_________________ 依赖_________________________ 比作/比较____________________ 发生_________________________ 人类活动_____________________ 赞同；订购___________________ 温室效应_____________________ 大量的_______________________ 上升_________________________ 导致_________________________ 反对_________________________ 积累；建立___________________ 即使_________________________ 继续做_______________________ 扫视；撇一下_________________ 大体上_______________________ 代表_________________________ 你的贡献很有价值_____________ 有区别；起作用_______________ 容忍_________________________ 由于，因为___________________ 影响_________________________ 电气设备_____________________ 只要_________________________ 对……随意_________________ 等等_________________________
三．选词组填空(用正确形式填空)
on the whole put up with on the other hand subscribe to so long as
on behalf of quantities of keep on even if come about
1. If she could ______________ the condition there, we could take her.
2. On the one hand, you accept her presents; ____________________, you are rude to the whole family. What really counts is your attitude to them.
3. You have made a few mistakes, but ______________ you have done well.
4. How did the accident _______________?
5. He spent ______________ time in playing computer games.
6. ___________________you work hard, you will realize your dream one day.
7. He______________working until midnight though he was tired.
8. I am here to receive this award _______________John, for he's not feeling well today.
9. _______________ we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud.
10. Do you ________________ the view?
四．句子翻译
1．和他的工作相比较，她的要好得多。(compare…)
_____________________________________________________________________
2．毫不疑问，引起全球变暖的是人类的活动。(it is … that…)
____________________________________________________________________
3．我代表我的学校向你们说感谢。(on behalf of)
____________________________________________________________________
4．每个人都可以对这个世界产生巨大的影响。(make a difference)
_____________________________________________________________________
5．每一秒钟都很重要（争分夺秒）。(count)
_____________________________________________________________________
五．单项填空
1．It was in the lab ____ was taken charge of by Mr.Harris _____ they did the experiment. A．which; that B．that; which C．that; whom D．which; where
2．It ________ I that ________ against you.
A．am; is B．is; is C．is; am D．was; am
3．—________ that makes her different from the other students?
—Honesty，hardwork and，I suppose，a bit of imagination.
A．What do you know B．What do you think it is
C．How do you believe D．How come that
4．________ he works hard，I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.
A．As soon as B．As well as C．So far as D．So long as
5．She ________ shyly at the young fellow from behind his fans.
A．glanced B．glimpsed C．glared D．stared
6．—I'll never understand how it ________ that he still insisted on going there alone after being told about the possible danger.
—Don't worry.He just likes taking adventure.
A．came about B．came across C．came out D．came up
7．The prices of beer ________ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season. A．altered B．ranged C．separated D．differed
8．There are many things that I can't ________ going abroad，of which is the ignorance of the locals.
A．keep up with B．come up with C．put up with D．catch up with
9．I hope you can study hard and master as much knowledge as possible；otherwise you'll have to live a hard life ________.
A．now and then B．at the moment C．in a word D．as a consequence
10．He being a child of ____ intelligence，expecting too much of him will make him nervous.
A．average B．slight C．strange D．different
11．—She couldn't have done that sort of thing.
—Whatever she did was reasonable，_____ to what you did. Besides，it's none of your business. Get down to _____ your lessons.
A．comparing; doing B．comparing; do C．compared; doing D．compared; do 12．A love marriage，however，does not necessarily ________ much sharing of interests and responsibilities.
A．take over B．hold on C．result in D．keep on
13．—How do you like your trip to Hainan?
—______，I enjoyed it very much，although the weather was unpleasant sometimes. A．In addition B．On the whole C．In other words D．On the other hand
14．___ my friends and myself I thank you—without your help we would have lost our lives. A．In contrast with B．In relation to C．On behalf of D．Regardless of 15．Father is strongly opposed ________ shopping on Sunday because the streets and supermarkets are full of people.
A．to do B．to doing C．of doing D．with doing
六．阅读理解
Like distance runners on a measured course，all of us will move through time in a roughly predictable pattern.
In the first stage of our lives，we develop and grow，reaching toward the top of physical vitality(energy)．
After we grow up，however，the body begins a process of gradually wearing out.
A new awareness of physical fitness may help lengthen our years of health and vitality，yet nothing we do will work to stop the unavoidable force of aging.
Most of the changes of aging take place deep inside the body. The lungs become less able to take in oxygen. Powerful muscles gradually lose their strength. The heart loses power and pumps less blood. Bones grow easier to break.
Finally，we meet a stress，a stress that is greater than our physical resistance. Often it is only a minor accident or chance infection(a disease caused by virus)，but this time，it brings life to an end.
In 1932，a classic experiment nearly doubled the lifetime of rats，simply by cutting back the calories (unit for measuring the energy value of food)in their diet. The reason for the effect was then unknown.
Today，at the university of California at Berkley，Dr. Paul Seagle has also greatly lengthened the normal lifetime of rats. The result was achieved through a special protein(蛋白质)limited diet，which had a great effect on the chemistry of the brain. Seagle showed that within the brain，specific chemicals control many of the signals that influence aging. By changing that chemical balance，the clock of aging can be reset.
For the first time，the mystery(something that is difficult to understand or to explain)of why our age is being seriously challenged. Scientists in many fields are now making striking and far reaching discoveries.
An average lifetime lasts 75 years，yet in each of us lies a potential for a longer life. If we could keep the vitality and resistance to disease that we have at age twenty，we would live for 80 years.
1．What does the underlined word“it”refer to?
A．Physical vitality. B．Stress. C．Aging. D．Physical resistance. 2．The author believes the following EXCEPT that ________.
A．human's life pattern is predictable
B．physical fitness can't stop the force of aging
C．human's lifetime will last longer than 75 years
D．all of the changes of aging take place deep inside the body
3．How did Dr. Paul Seagle lengthen the lifetime of rats in his experiment?
A．By limiting the protein in their diet. B．By cutting the calories in their diet.
C．By resetting their clock of aging. D．By keeping their physical fitness.
4．What is probably the best title for the article?
A．Two Great Experiments B．The Mystery of Human Life
C．Ways to Lengthen Human Life D．The Breakthrough in the Study of Aging
七短文填词
一
Smoking is a very bad habit. First of all, Cigarettes are expensive. Smokers have to 1) a lot of money buying them. That is a 2)______ ____(浪费) of money. Smoking is bad for smokers’2) h . It may be responsible for many 4) d __ . Even worse, it is harmful to people 5)___ ________them. It is said that smoking is one of the ways to 6) ___ (引起) cancer. Second, there can be fires 7) _____ ______can result in a great loss of life and property because of a smoker’s 8)_______ ____(粗心). 9) , we are teenagers and have no income. We have no right to do that. It will be even worse if we 10) f _ __ into bad habits. So smoking is really harmful. Please quit smoking.
八．范文。优化设计（P61）
Good morning, everyone,
I’m Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”.
As is known to all, with the improvement of people’s living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing great convenience to our life. However, they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.
How can we solve the problems then? As far as I’m concerned, riding bicycles is a good solution. For one thing, bicycles don’t need any petrol and they are energy-saving. For another, bicyles are environmentally friendly because they won’t give off waste gas. What’s more, riding bicycles is a good way ofr us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.
Therefore, let’s take the responsibility to build up a low carbon city by riding bicycles. Come on and join us! Thank you!
Unit 4 Global warming
I．单词拼写
1.widespread
2.disagreement
3.tend
4.range
5.average
6.phenomenon
7.quantity
8. steadily
9.opposed 10.consequence
二．短语集锦
1)全球气候变暖global warming
2)依赖depend on
3)比作/比较compare…to…
4)发生come about
5)人类活动human activity
6)赞同；订购subscribe to
7)温室效应greenhouse effect
8)大量的a quantity of/quantities of
9)上升go up
10)导致result in
11)反对be opposed to
12)积累；建立build up
13)即使even if
14)继续做keep on doing
15)扫视；撇一下glance at
16)大体上on the whole
17)代表on behalf of
18)你的贡献很有价值Your contribution counts.
19)产生影响；起作用make a difference
20)容忍put up with
21)由于，因为as a result of
22)影响have an effect on
23)电气设备electrical appliances
24)只要so/as long as
25)对……随意be casual about
26)等等and so on
三．选词组填空
1. put up with
2. On the other hand
3. on the whole
4. come about
5. quantities of
6. So long as
7.kept on
8. on behalf of
9. Even if 10. subscribe to
四句型汇集
1）和他的工作相比较，她的要好得多。(compare…)
Compared to/with his work, hers is much better.
2）毫不疑问，引起全球变暖的是人类的活动。(it is … that…)
There is no doubt that it is human activity that has caused the global warming.
3）我代表我的学校向你们说感谢。(on behalf of)
On behalf of my school, I’d like to say thank you。
每个人都可以对这个世界产生巨大的影响。(make a difference)
Every individual can make a big difference to the whole world.
4）每一秒钟都很重要（争分夺秒）。(count)
Every second counts.
五．单项填空
Ⅰ.答案：A
2．答案：C
3．答案：B
4．答案与解析：D so long as相当于as long as，意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
5．答案与解析：A glance指快速地看一眼。glimpse意为“瞥见”，强调结果；glare at “怒视”；stare at指由于生气、害怕或吃惊而睁大眼睛注视某人或某物。
6．答案与解析：A it为understand引导宾语从句中的形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。come about“发生”，how it came about that...“怎么会……”。
7．答案与解析：B range from...to...“从……到……之间变化”。
8．答案与解析：C根据常识，当地人对外地人的无视让人“无法容忍”，故选put up with “容忍，忍受”。
9．答案与解析：D as a consequence“结果，因此”。now and then“不时；偶尔”；at the moment“目前”；in a word“总而言之”。
10．答案与解析：A对他期望太高会使他紧张不安，可见他只是一个智力一般的孩子。average“普通的，一般的”，符合题意。
11．答案与解析：C compared to“与……相比较”；get down to“开始做某事”，to为介词，后接名词或动名词。
12．答案与解析：C恋爱结婚的结果未必能保证双方共享利益，共担义务。result in 结果是，导致；hold on 继续下去，等一等；把(某物)固定起来；keep on 继续下去，继续雇用(某人)；take over 接管，接替。
13．答案与解析：B on the whole“总的来说”，与题意相符。
14．答案与解析：C on behalf of“代表”。句意：我代表我朋友和我自己向你致谢——要是没有你的帮助，我们就没命了。in contrast with“与……形成对比，与……相比”；in relation to“关于”；regardless of“不管，不顾”。
15．答案与解析：B本题考查be opposed to(doing)sth短语。be opposed to(doing)sth意为“反对……”，其中to为介词，后跟名词或动名词。
六．阅读理解
答案与解析：B从文章第六段可知最终我们会遇到一种压力，这种压力比身体的阻力大，通常只是小的偶然或感染，但这种压力会导致生命的终结。
答案与解析：D第五段第一句most而不是选项中的all。
答案与解析：A在倒数第三段through a special protein limited diet故选A项。
答案与解析：D从全文来看可知介绍的是研究人身体老化的新进展。
短文填词
1 spend 2. waste 3. hea lth 4. diseases 5. around 6. cause 7. that/which 8. carelessness 9. Besides 10. fall
Unit 1-4易错单选题期中复习基础练习 ( )1. Mr Lin is one of_______ in our school. A. good teachers B. better teachers C. the best teachers D. the best teacher ( )2. Our hometown is famous_______ tea and rice. A. with B. by C. for D. as ( )3. You'd better try_______ again. A. don't be late B. not to be late C. aren't late D. to not be late ( )4. I think this song is popular _______young people. A. to B. for C. from D. with ( )5. Sorry. Would you please_______ it in English again? A. say B. talk C. speak D. tell ( )6. How did you make him _______? A. stop talking B. to stop talking C. stop to talk D. stopped to talk ( )7. I'm too hungry. How nice the food_______! A. feels B. sounds C. looks D. smells ( )8. Tony is a_______ boy. He always gives his picket money to the children in need. A. funny B. patient C. generous D. hard-working ( )9. Both beef and pork _______ my favourite. A. is B. are C. am D. be ( )10.There is a big cake. ____________ share it. A. May be we can B. We may be C. Maybe we can D. Maybe can we ( )11.What’s your best friend like? ___________ A He’s fine, thank y ou B. He likes watching TV C. He’s a teacher D. He’s helpful and generous ( )12. —Which of the two T-shirt will you take? —I’ll take _________. One is for my brother and the other is for myself. A either B. both C. all D. every ( )13. The English story is very easy for me. There are ________ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. many D. few ( )14. They do eye exercises twice a day, so ________ of them ________ glasses. A. a few; put on B. a few; wear C. few; put on D. few; wear ( )15. Things are ________ on the moon ________ on Earth. A. much lighter; than B. much heavier; than C. as heavy; as D. not so light; as ( )16. I have ________ money than you, but I have ________ friends than you. A. more; more B. less; more C. fewer; more D. more; less
Unit 4 News 24/7 Active Reading (1) Reading and Understanding 3. Choose the best answer to the questions 1.c 2.a 3.c 4.d 5.a 6. a 7.c Dealing with unfamiliar words 4. Answer the questions about the words in the box. 1. No, it is made more exciting in some way. 2. A very long time, centuries. 3. They should follow the guidelines. 4. They should check the source. 5. They live in poverty. 6. It is image. 7. It is element. 5. Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1.chase 2.trainee 3.erode 4.odd 5.horror 6.startle 7.echo 8.reaction 9.frame 6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5. 1.reactions…horror 2.chase 3.echoes 4.startled 5.trainees 6.eroded 7.oddest 8. frame 7. Answer the questions about the words. 1.a 2.b 3.a 4.b 5.b 6.a Reading and interpreting 8. Decide what evidence there is for the following statements. If there is no evidence, decide what the passage really says. 1. This is not the passage. It is noted that bad news is common, but no judgment as to the desirability or otherwise of this is given. 2. Many people, we are told, reacted in the same way to bad news in the case of 9/11 and the assassination of President Kennedy, so such a reaction is normal. 3. Yes, as and example is given of people feeling a need to pass on the bad news they had heard. (See pare 2: Their first instinct was to go and tell someone else about it.) 4. Yes. (See para4: We seek the odd and unexpected.) 5. Not stated –the passage says such issues never seem to have the same impact because the stories are ongoing and not reported in all newspapers on the same day, but bit by bit here and there. 6. Immediacy is part of news so such an item is certainly potentially news, but of course it might be too trivial to really be considered such. 7. Yes, mostly. 8. No. Paragraph 8 says the camera position has an important effect on how viewers understand the story.
Unit 4 Part I Listening Task Script for the recording: You may recall from Unit One, the author Eudora Welty telling us how she, in her early childhood, developed a love for reading under the influence of her parents. Perhaps you'd like to know what her teachers were like. Well, let's listen to what she has to say about them: Every school week, visiting teachers came on their days for special lessons. On Mondays, the singing teacher blew into the room fresh from the early outdoors, singing in her high soprano "How do you do?" to do-mi-sol-do, and we responded in chorus from our desks, "I'm ve-ry well", to do-sol-mi-do. Miss Johnson taught us rounds —"Row row row your boat gently down the stream", — and "Little Sir Echo," with half the room singing the words and the other half being the echo, a competition. She was from the North, and she was the one who wanted us all to stop the Christmas carols and see snow. The snow falling that morning outside the window was the first most of us had ever seen, and Miss Johnson threw up the window and held out wide her own black Cape and caught flakes on it and ran, as fast as she could go, up and down the ais1es to show us the real thing before it melted. Thursday was Miss Eyrich and Miss Eyrich was Thursday. She came to give us physical training. She wanted no time on nonsense. Without greeting, we were marched straight outside and summarily divided into teams (no choosing sides), put on the mark, and ordered to get set for a relay race. Miss Eyrich cracked out "Go!" Dread rose in my throat. My head swam. Here was my turn, nearly upon me. (Wait, have I been touched —was that slap the touch? Go on! Do I go on without our passing a word? What word? Now am I racing too fast to turn around? Now I'm nearly home, but where is the hand waiting for mine to touch? Am I too late? Have I lost the whole race for our side?) I lost the relay race for our side before I started, through living ahead of myself, dreading to make my start, feeling too late prematurely, and standing transfixed by emergency, trying to think of a password. Thursdays still can make me hear Miss Eyrich's voice. "On your mark —get set — go!" V ery composedly and very slowly, the art teacher, who visited each room on Fridays, paced the aisle and looked down over your shoulder at what you were drawing for her. This was Miss Ascher. Coming from behind you, her deep, resonant voice reached you without being a word at all, but a sort of purr. It was much the sound given out by our family doctor when he read the thermometer and found you were running a slight fever, " Um-hm. Um-hm." Both alike, they let you go right ahead with it. After Listening 1.On Mondays, Miss Johnson, our singing teacher, would blow into the room, singing in her high soprano "How do you do?" to do-mi-sol-do, and we students would respond in chorus from ouir desks, "I'm very well", to do-sol-mi-do. 2.Miss Eyrich gave us physical training on Thursdays. She wanted no time on nonsense. Without greeting, she ordered us to march straight outside and get set for a relay race. 3.In a very composed and slow manner, the art teacher Miss Ascher would pace the aisle and
Keys for Unit 3 Vocabulary I. 1. as long as, can never fail to be reached 2. no mater 3. fail to notice at great risk 4. may be described by these words to varying degrees 5. were directly confronted with the problem that something in one language cannot be rendered into another II. 1. stepping stone 2. at their peril 3. serve 4. mentality 5. staple 6. facilitating 7. messaging 8. hybrid III. 1. economy 2. accessible 3. fundamentally 4. homesick 5. negotiable 6. adjusted 7. remoteness 8. complacently
IV. D, C, A, D, B, A, B, C V. 1. time, era, epoch 2. meetings 3. basic,fundamental 4. misshape 5. unavoidably 6. worry, concern, anxiety, apprehension 7. therefore, so, thus 8. hide, conceal VI. 1. unbelievable 2. imperfect 3. disagreement 4. misplace 5. malfunction 6. enable 7. surpass 8. submarine Grammar I. 1. helps 2. hope, are enjoying, sunbathe, go, are going 3. is being
Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.（讲义）Words and Expressions rule /ru?l/ n. 规则；规章 arrive /?'ra?v/ v.到达 (be) on time 准时 hallway /'h??lwe?/ n. 走廊；过道 hall /h??l/ n. 大厅；礼堂 dining /'da?n??/ hall 餐厅 listen /'l?sn/ v. 听；倾听 listen to…听…… fight /fa?t/ v. & n. 打架；战斗 sorry /'s?ri/ adj. 抱歉的；难过的；惋惜的outside /,a ?t'sa?d/ adv. 在外面adj. 外面的 wear /we? / v. 穿；戴 important /?m'p??(r)tnt/ adj. 重要的 bring /br??/ v. 带来；取来 uniform /'ju?n?f??(r)m/ n. 校服；制服quiet /'kwa ??t/ adj. 安静的 out /a?t/ adv. 外出 go out 外出(娱乐) practice /'pr?kt?s/ v. & n. 练习 dish /d??/ n. 碟；盘 do the dishes 清洗餐具 before /b?'f??(r)/ prep. & conj. 在……以前adv. 以前 make (one’s) bed 铺床 dirty /'d??(r)ti/ adj. 脏的 kitchen /'k?t??n/ n. 厨房
more /m??(r)/ adj. & pron. 更多(的) noisy /'n??zi/ adj. 吵闹的 relax /r?'l?ks/v. 放松；休息 read /ri?d/ v. 读；阅读 terrible /'ter?bl/ adj. 非常讨厌的；可怕的 feel /fi?l/ v. 感受；觉得 strict /str?kt/ adj. 严格的；严厉的 be strict (with sb) (对某人)要求严格 remember /r ?'memb?(r)/ v. 记住；记起 follow /'f?l ??/ v. 遵循；跟随 follow the rules 遵守规则 luck /l?k/ n. 幸运；运气 keep /ki?p/ v. 保持；保留 hair /he?/ /her/ n. 头发；毛发 learn /l??(r)n/ v. 学习；学会 Clark /klɑ?(r)k/ 克拉克(姓；男名) Amy /'e?mi/ 埃米(女名) Molly /'m?li/ 莫莉(女名) New York /,nju?'j??(r)k/ 纽约 Role-play John: Hi, my name’s John. It’s my first day at school. Alice: Hi, John. I’m Alice. This is a great school, but there are a lot of rules. John: Really? What are some of the rules? Alice: Well, don’t be late for class. This is very important. John: OK, so we must be on time. Can we bring music players to school? Alice: No, we can’t. And we al ways have to wear the school uniform. John: I see. Alice: Oh, and we also have to be quiet in the library.
Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▇Working with Words and Expressions 1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■Answers: 1) mass 2) gambled 3) voluntary 4) hunted 5) classified 6) abolished 7) division 8) senseless 9) fashions 10) coordination 11) declarations 12) committed 13) necessity 14) moderately 15) slightest 16) considerable 17) evaluate 18) derived 2In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■Answers: 1) stands/stood a chance 2) ruled out 3) consist /consists of 4) gone through 5) in the strict sense 6) At a guess 7) earns a living 8) coincide with 9) gone in for 10) got their teeth into ▆ Increasing Your Word Power 1 Word Building Did you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary” and “satisfactory” in Texts A and B? The suffix -ary or -ory can be added to a noun to form an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese. ▆
Unit 1 1. Although most dreams apparently happen__, dream activity may be provoked by external influences. A. spontaneously B. simultaneously C. homogeneously D. instantaneously 2. She let out a terrified __ when she heard the news of the tragedy happened on September 11 in USA, A. cheer B. yell C. sigh D. curse 3. The ties that bind us together in common activity are so __that they can disappear at any moment. A. trivial B. fatal C. tentative D. feeble 4. She __ the person who was in her way A, swore at B. promised C. swore in D. sworn at 5. Mary made steady __ in English after she put her heart into it. A. advance B. improvement C. progress D. program 6. He is the __ husband for her. A. idea B. ideal C. idle D. idiot 7. We naturally __ the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution. A. associate B. vain C. reveal D. worship 8. When we had finished dinner, Mary asked the waiter for the __. A, note B. cheque C. bill D. tip 9. The murderer __ a dagger into her heart. A. plugged B. penetrated C. pressed D. thrust 10. The women were able to equal or __ the men who worked beside them. A. surpass B. exceed C. overtake D. lagged Unit 2 1. For many patients, institutional care is the most __ and beneficial form of care. A. pertinent B. appropriate C. acute D. persistent 2. Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to ___ , or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s. A. revolt B. revolve C. reverse D. revive 3. The elderly Russians find it hard to live on their state __ . A. pensions B. earnings C. salaries D. donations 4. There is no __ attached to what you are doing, so you shouldn' t be ashamed. A. stigma B. enigma C. dilemma D. aroma 5. The boat ___ down the river. A. drifted B. floated C. drove D. drilled 6. The conditions of the contract must be __ exactly. A. achieved B. completed C. fulfilled D. finished 7. One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a __ operation, he quickly recovered his sight. A. delicate B. considerate C. average D. general
Unit4 无子女家庭：违背十万年来的繁衍规律 课文翻译： 二十好几的凯茜、韦恩夫妇结婚已有五年之久，没有孩子。上次凯茜娘家有人问：“你们打算什么时候要孩子，组成一个家庭呢?”她答道：“我们已经是个家庭啦!” 凯茜与韦恩属于决定不要孩子的年轻已婚夫妇群体，其人数正在日益增长。最近一项调查显示在过去的五年中，年龄在25至29岁之间妇女不愿生养的百分比几乎翻了一番，在18至24岁的已婚妇女中几乎增至三倍。在这个似乎大胆反抗生物性和社会性的决定后面隐藏着什么原因呢? 或许最能公开坦陈心曲的无子女夫妇是《婴儿陷阱》一书的作者：埃伦，派克，其夫威廉，一位广告总经理兼全国不生养夫妇协会主席。派克夫妇认为他们和协会均无意反对生儿育女，不过是反对不管人们是否愿意和需要孩子就迫使人们传宗接代的社会压力。 “这是一种生活方式的选择，”埃伦说，“我们选择自由和自愿，清净和闲暇。这也是一个朝哪个方向付出努力的问题——在你自己的小家庭之内或在一个大的社团之中。这一代人面临有关地球生命延续的严重问题以及生命质量的问题。我们的孙辈也许将购票去观赏最后一批红杉或排队去获取氧气配给。有人抱怨在回到有五个孩子的家途中被交通堵塞困住好几个小时，但是他们不能将孩子与交通堵塞联系起来。在一个受到人口过剩一系列后果威胁的世界上，我们正在参与一项事业使膝下无子的生活模式为社会所接受并受世人尊重。太多的孩子作为一种文化强制的后果而呱呱坠地，离婚和虐待儿童的相关统计充分揭露了这一结果。” 埃伦的丈夫补充说：“每位朋友、亲戚、同事不停地给你施加压力，劝你要孩子，说什么‘发现你生活中失去的东西’。好多好多人很晚才发现，所谓他们失去的东西其实是他们完全不适合做的事情。” 埃伦还说：“从抱第一个洋娃娃开始，大到欣赏电视肥皂剧，成年后参加鸡尾酒会，无形之中，总有一种压力要你为人父母。但是让我们来看看养育失败的比率吧，或许天下父母应该视为像当医生一样的专门职业。有些人擅长此道，他们应当生养孩子；有些人一窍不通，他们应该认为他们还有其他的选择。” 专业观察家同意这一看法：很多人生养孩子没有正当的理由，有时候则完全没有理由。男人常常稀里糊涂就当上了父亲，根本就没有作出审慎的选择；对许多妇女来说，怀孕能够成为一种方式来逃避不可解决的冲突，譬如，迅速获得名分，或改进自己的不良形象，以及满足童年时代未曾得到的关注和关爱的需要。 我与许多人类行为领域的专家交谈，探讨为什么那么多年轻夫妇决定不要孩子，他们的看法也是众说纷纭。一位家庭治疗专家把不要孩子的决定描写为“对当今世界形势基本的本能反应”，暗示像动物群居本能那样的东西正在起作用，来应对人口过剩、城市拥挤、环境污染与核战争危险。群居本能促使妇女感到繁殖人口有违心愿，并指引她们去寻找在家庭生活之外实现自我价值的新方式。 不止一位精神病医生暗示，凡是不愿生育的人有都自恋癖——觉得自己心甘情愿迫不得已，为照顾别人与受人照顾这个互相对立的内心冲突自圆其说。有位精神病医生说：“这些人不能容忍照顾孩子的想法，他们没有多余的爱分享给孩子，”并补充道，“你们这是对亘古以来人类繁衍生生不息的离经叛道。”他的另一位同事插话说：“情有可原嘛，我们谁不想为我们的欠缺找理由? 且不论他
Iisten and Respond Zooming In on the Details 1)endangered 2) threats 3) resource 4) diet 5) satisfy 6) harvested 7) declining 8) supplies 9) excessive 10) starvation Words in action 1. 1) disaster; 2) compelled; 3) historical; 4) disciplined; 5) destruction; 6) output; 7) retreat; 8) abandoned; 9) trace; 10) eternal; 11) investment; 12) transfer; 13) justify; 14) nonetheless; 15) contributions; 16) accelerate; 17) threaten. 2. 1) show signs of; 2) called upon; 3) off limits; 4) in fear of ; 5) slow down; 6) cut down; 7) from head to foot; 8) come by; 9) lost out; 10) As yet; 11) reside in. Increasing your word power 1. web+log; breakfast+lunch; medical+care; Motor+hotel; net+citizen; science+ fiction; Work+alcoholic. 2. 1) anthropology: the scientific study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, customs and beliefs; 2) archaeology;
Unit 4 Advertising Part I Business Vocabulary Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. This part totals 20 points, one point for each sentence. C1 Outdoor advertising is one of the fastest growing _______________ in the market. A markets B sections C segments D sectors D2 The world of outdoor advertising billboards, transport and ‘street furniture’ is ______ about $18 billion a year, just 6% of all the world’s spending on advertising. A worthwhile B worthy C valued D worth C3 The soaring costs of TV are ______________ clients to consider alternatives. A making B driving C prompting D letting A4 BMW ran a ‘teasers’ campaign in Britain on bus shelters. A exclusively B largely C greatly D inclusively C5 Placing an ad on a bus shelter for two weeks ________________ at about ￡90. A works on B works away C works out D calculates D6 We are facing a ________________ with our market share. What are we going to do about it A promotion B sale C order D crisis A7 Focus, a large advertising agency based in Paris, has a reputation for creating imaginative and ____________ campaigns. A effective B efficient C effect D efficacious C8 Focus now needs to ________________ potential clients that it still has plenty of creative ideas to offer. A ensure B assure C convince D persuade B9 Focus has been asked to _________________ ideas for advertising campaigns to managements of the companies concerned. A offer B present C supply D furnish
九年级下 Unit 4 基础训练 一、语法选择 Campbell Remess is a teenager from Australia. He has been sewing (缝制)teddy bears for sick children __1__ several years. The story __2__ in 2019 when Campbell was nine years old. He told his parents __3__ he wanted to give Christmas gifts to children in hospitals. __4__ his parents said no, because with nine children of their own, buying presents for sick children would just cost too much. However, the little boy didn’t give up. He decided to make their presents by __5__. Campbell made his first teddy bear with his mother's sewing machine in his bedroom. It was __6__ for him as he had never done this before. He downloaded(下载) patterns from the Internet and learned __7__ to make a teddy bear by watching videos online. It took him five hours __8__ his first teddy bear. He __9__ now make a teddy bear in an hour. He has also started a project called “Project 365 by Campbell” in which he tries to make __10__ teddy bear every day. Young Campbell uses his pocket money to buy materials for making teddy bears. To make __11__ pocket money, he helps his parents with housework whenever he is free. Sometimes, he __12__ sells his teddy bears online to raise money for sick children. Many people __13__ by Campbell's story and they give away free materials to him. Campbell __14__ away about 1, 300 teddy bears so far. He is now busy __15__ this year's teddy bears. He said that he had never thought of stopping and he would keep putting smiles on people's faces. 1. A. at B. for C. in D. on 2. A. begin B. begins C. began D. has begun 3. A. that B. what C. whether D. if 4. A. And B. But C. As D. So 5. A. he B. his C. him D. himself 6. A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. hardly 7. A. how B. why C. where D. when 8. A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. to finshing 9. A. should B. must C. need D. can 10. A. a B. an C. the D. / 11. A. few B. little C. many D. more 12. A. also B. too C. either D. neither 13. A. encouraged B. are encouraged C. have encouraged D. were encouraged 14. A. gives B. has given C. gave D. will give 15. A. make B. made C. making D. to make 二、完形填空