概念引入
上一单元我们学习了虚拟语气中与现在、将来事实相反的虚拟条件句及宾语从句的虚拟语气。本单元要继续学习虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，及虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用。
首先，我们先看下面含虚拟语气的句子：
1. We would have won, if Jack had scored that goal.
2. We would have won if we hadn’t stayed up so late the night before.
3. We would have won the championship, if we had got Mr Han to coach us.
4. If she had studied harder, she would have got the diploma.
这些句子都是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。下面我们就来学习这部分内容。
用法讲解
与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
虚拟条件句的动词形式
从表格可知，虚拟条件句与过去事实相反时，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时，而主句的谓语用would/should/might/could加现在完成时形式。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话---he didn’t take my advice）
If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would have met him.
要是你早来几分钟的话，你就见到他了。（事实：来晚了---you came late）
If She hadn’t been so strict with herself, she wouldn’t have made such great progress.
她要是对自己要求不严格，她就不会有这样大的进步。
（事实：她对自己很严格---she was strict with herself）
虚拟语气中的倒装
条件从句中的were，had, should可放句首，省略if，条件句成为倒装句。
Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
如果你邀请我们了，我们会参加你的聚会的。
Were I ( If I were ) you, I would do more practice.
如果我是你，我会做更多的练习。
Should she ( If she should) lend us a helping hand, we would succeed.
如果她帮助我们，我们会成功的。
注意：
条件句或省略的条件句可以放句尾。如：
We would have lost our lives had it not been for the policeman.
如果没有这位警察，我们就没命了。
千变万化的表现形式
if虚拟条件句的三个公式的倒装我们说完了，那是不是就这一种变化呢？我们接下来看看它的千变万化的表达形式。
含蓄虚拟语气
有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些介词短语（如without，but for等）或上下文中。
1. I was very tired. Otherwise, I would have gone to the party with you last night.
我太累了。否则，我昨晚就同你去聚会了。
（otherwise代替了条件句“If I hadn’t been very tired”）
2. Life without any friends or family would be lonely for me.
如果生活既没有朋友也没有家庭，那对我来讲就太孤独了。
（without短语代替“If there were no friends or family”）
3. If only we had done as we were told. 如果我们按照被告知的去做，该多好呀。
4. If only I had known the answer before the test. 考试前就知道答案，那该多好呀。
（if only表示“要是......该多好呀”，表示假设的内容成立时的感受，但是并没有明确说出这种感受）
5. But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey.
要不是下雨，我们本来会有一个愉快的旅行的。
（But for the rain，代替的是“If it hadn’t rained”）
混合虚拟语气
什么混合了呢？从下面例句中我们看出是时态方面的混合，即主句与从句所指的时间不一致，这时主从句的时态根据实际的时间概念确定。
1. If I had eaten breakfast several hours ago, I would not be hungry now.
如果我几小时前吃了早餐的话，我现在就不会饿了。
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
2. If I were you, I would have gone to the theatre. 如果我是你，我就去剧院了。
（从句与经常的状况相反，属特殊用法，主句与过去事实相反）
3. If you hadn’t helped me, I would be still working now.
如果当时你没有帮我的话，现在我还在工作呢。
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
分裂虚拟语气
在这种句型中，虚拟语气通常省略条件句，只保留主句，后面再加上真实的情况。
1. He would gain weight but he doesn’t eat much. 他会增加重量的，但是他吃得不多。
（=If he ate much, he would gain weight, but he doesn’t eat much.）
2. I would go to visit them but I don’t think they are anxious to see me.
我本来是会看他们的，但是我想他们不会急于见我。
（=If they were anxious to see me, I would go to visit them.）
3. I would have invited her to the party but I did n’t know her well.
我本来想邀请她来聚会的，但是与她不怎么熟。
注意：这种句型的关键词but。
虚拟语气在其它从句中的用法（1）
主语从句的虚拟语气
这种主语从句由连词that引导，虚拟语气为“（should）动词原形”。其中should
可省略。should 常译成“应该、必须、竟然”。注意下面句型：
1．It is／was + 形容词+ that从句
当形容词为important, necessary，strange，natural，appropriate, proper, right, desirable, essential, surprising, unthinkable等或名词短语a good idea时。
如：It is important and necessary that we (should) master a foreign language．我们精通一门外语是重要而且必要的。
It is proper that an independent inquiry (should) take place. 进行独立调查很合适。
It is strange that he (should) refuse your help．
他竟然拒绝你的帮助真是奇怪。
It is surprising that you (should) not understand me! 你竟然不理解我，真令人吃惊！
2. It is／was + a pity/a shame / a surprise / no wonder + that从句
It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 你竟然错过一个好机会真是遗憾。
3. It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/ ….that-clause
It is suggested that he (should) not spend too much time watching TV.
有人建议他不应该花太多时间看电视。
It is proposed that the plan (should) be delayed. 有人建议推迟这项计划。
表语从句的虚拟语气
1. 在名词“suggestion, proposal, idea, plan，order, advice, desire, requirement, request, command, decision, recommendation等”后面的同位语从句或表语从句中，用“should+动词原形”，其中should可省略。
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference．
我的建议是我们应该让更多的人参加会议。
2. as if ( as though)引导的表语从句中的虚拟语气。
It seems as if the meeting would never end. 看来会议没完没了。（与将来相反）
It seems as though he had been there many times. 好像他已经去过那里好多次了。
（与过去事实相反）
It seems as if nobody knew what happened. 好像没有知道发生了什么事。
注：详细用法见上一单元的《虚拟语气（1）》。
同位语从句中的虚拟语气
与表示“决定、主张、要求、建议、命令”的动词相对应的名词构成的同位语从句中常
用“（should）+do”结构。
The requirement that students (should) learn to protect themselves is successfully carried out in most schools. 学生必须学会保护自己，这一要求在大多数学校都能顺利实施。
I made a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week．
我提议我们应该下周开个会。
虚拟语气在其它从句中的用法（2）
定语从句中的虚拟语气
It is (high) time+ (that) 从句
此句型的虚拟语气结构是：从句的谓语动词一般用过去式或“should + 动词原形”等虚拟结构，意为“该做某事了”。注意should不省略。
It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
早该对闹市区的交通问题采取点措施了。
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion. 我们现在该结束讲座了。
It’s time we should have a discussion. 我们应该讨论讨论。
状语从句中的虚拟语气
1. 由as if和as though等引导的方式状语从句中：
Holding his head high，he walked past the pole and the soldiers as if they didn’t exist．
（与walked同时发生的动作相反）
他高高地昂着头走过柱子和士兵，好像他们不存在一样。
Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if they had just happened.
（与在crowded之前发生的动作相反）
我童年的一切一下子涌进我的大脑，仿佛刚刚发生的一样。
注：详细用法见上一单元的《虚拟语气（1）》。
2. so that, in order that（为了，以便）, for fear that （生怕，以免）, in case （万一）, lest （唯恐）等引导目的、条件状语从句中，从句的谓语动词形式为“should (may, might, can, could, would等) + 动词原形”
The teacher explained the law once more in order that we might understand it better.
为了我们可以更好地理解，老师再次解释了这条法律。
Some people eat so that they may live. Others seem to live in order that they may eat.
一些人为了活着而吃饭，而另一些人为了吃饭而活着。
Bring some money in case you (should) use it. 带点钱备用。
简单句中虚拟语气
表示责备及批评的虚拟语气
1）should/ ought to/ could/ may/ might + have + done
此句型表示“应该/能够/可能做而没做到”，否定形式则表示“过去不该应该/能够/可能做的事却做了”，是一种委婉的责备，语气最强的是should，最弱的是might。
You are late again. You could have come earlier. 你又来晚了，你本来能早来一些的。
I have told you many times. You should have done it better.
我已经告诉你很多遍了，你应该做得更好些。
2）needn’t have done 本不需要做某事，却做了
You needn’t have ordered so much food, only five guests came.
你当时本没有必要订这么多饭的，只来了五个人。
表示委婉、客气的虚拟语气
这类虚拟语气用“should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形”。
I don’t think he could be so careless. 我想他不会这么粗心。
Might I have your bike for a moment? 借你的自行车用用好吗？
Would you mind turning off the TV? 关上电视好吗？
表示“本打算做而未做成”的虚拟语气
1. had hoped (wanted, planned, meant, intended, expected) 或
hoped (wanted, planned, meant, intended, expected) + to have done
这两个句型表示“未曾实现的希望、打算和意图”。
I had meant to phone you (I meant to have phoned you), but I forgot your phone number.
我本打算给你打电话，可把你的号码忘了。
2. 下面表示法表示“本想、本该做而未做成”：
would/should like to have done
was/ were to have done
was/ were supposed to have done
had better have done
would rather have done
I would like to have gone with you, but I got up late. 我本来想和你一起走，但起晚了。
表示祝愿的虚拟语气
表示祝愿时常用动词原形或“May+主语+动词原形”结构。
God bless you! 上帝保佑你！
Long live the people! 人民万岁！
May you succeed. 祝你成功。
So be it! 但愿如此！
虚拟语气做题技巧
1. 记住各种虚拟语气的形式。
如虚拟条件句的三种句式，“建议”类虚拟形式“（should）+动词原形”，wish和as if的从句的形式等。
2. 找题中表示需用虚拟语气的词语。
1）if条件句，或虽没有if从句，可以看出省略了条件句，而用without等短语代替了条件句的含蓄条件句。
2）“建议”类动词、名词或过去分词，如：advise, demand, command, suggestion, proposal，suggested等
3) wish, as if, would rather 等
4) 特殊句式，如：
It is + 形容词+ 从句
It is time + 从句
3. 分辨句子是陈述事实，还是表示虚拟语气。
Should green plants disappear some day, _____ on the earth.
A. there will hardly be any life
B. there will be no life
C. there must have been no life
D. there would hardly be any life
分析：应选D。从句子的形式和内容（植物消失，生命绝迹）来看，是省略了if用倒装的对未来情况作出假定和推测的句子，其主句部分应该使用与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的谓语形式。
4. 区别时间。
判断句子所叙述的情况发生在何时（现在、过去或将来），如果句子是复合句，要仔细
确认从句和主句叙述的情况是否发生在同一时间层面，然后选择相应的谓语动词的虚拟形式。注意时间副词、从句或前后句的暗示。
1）If the city had built more homes for the poor in 2008, the current housing problem there _____ so serious.
A. is not
B. would not be
C. will not have been
D. would not have been
分析：选B。从题干的形式和语义看，是非真实条件句，由从句中的时间状语in 2008和过去完成时谓语动词可以知道从句与过去事实相反，由主句中的current（现在的）可知主句表示的是与现在事实相反的情况。
2）But for the old woman, he ________ of hunger fifteen years ago.
A. would have died
B. would die
C. must have died
D. must die
分析：应选A。因为but for (要不是因为、如果没有) 通常要与虚拟语气连用，由fifteen years ago 可知，这是与过去事实相反的情况，所以选would have died。
5. 根据句意，区分选择项中的情态动词。
一般而言，would, could, might, should都可以用于虚拟语气主句中的谓语结构，但是意义略有不同。
特别提醒：在表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气时，从句只能用情态动词should。
如：
_______me tomorrow, I would let him know, but he doesn’t often call back on Monday.
A. Would he call
B. Should he call
C. Could he had called
D. Might he have called
分析：选B。这道题是虚拟条件句的倒装。虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should 或had时，可省略if，
再把were, should或had提前。但是表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气时，从句只能用should。巩固练习
Ⅰ. 翻译句子：
1. 我们有必要出去散散步。
____________________________________________________
2. 如果他早起，他就不会上学迟到。
____________________________________________________
3. 如果他开车更小心点，他昨天就不会出车祸了。
____________________________________________________
4. 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。
____________________________________________________
5. 真遗憾你竟然错过了一个好机会。
____________________________________________________
6. 你真该去上学了。
____________________________________________________
7. 你本不应该告诉她真相。
____________________________________________________
8. 我没有足够的钱，否则我会买那本书的。
____________________________________________________
9. 如果我们国家每个人都懂急救，就会有许多生命被救。
____________________________________________________
10. 我宁愿你现在付我钱。
____________________________________________________
Ⅱ. 请改正下列句子中的错误。
1. The doctor ordered that she stayed in bed for a few days.
2. I’d rather you will go to the concert with me this evening.
3. If you had worked hard, you would have been very tired now.
4. It is high time that we leave for our hometown.
5. If only I can speak several foreign languages!
6. I wish I didn’t do such a foolish thing yesterday.
7. What would have happened if you didn’t help her?
8. But for your great efforts, the work couldn’t be finished on time.
Ⅲ. 单项选择。
1. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
A. If the captain were
B. Had the captain been
C. Should the captain be
D. If the captain would have been
2. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
3. _______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be
B. Should you be
C. Could you be
D. Might you be
4. —Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I _______ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A. attended
B. had attended
C. would attend
D. would have attended
5. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ________ our chairman now.
A. must have been
B. would have been
C. were
D. would be
6. ________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
A. In spite of
B. But for
C. Because of
D. As for
7. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ________ your advice.
A. follow
B. would follow
C. had followed
D. have followed
8. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we _______ there now.
A．would be B．would have been C．have been D．will be
9. It is time that the government ________ measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes
B. took
C. has taken
D. taking
10. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ______ to the meeting.
A. would come
B. came
C. would have come
D. had come
11. Without electricity human life ______ quite different today.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D. would be
12. If he ______ to the teacher attentively, he ______ the answer to the problem now.
A. had listened, would have known
B. listened, would know
C. listened, would have known
D. had listened, would know
13. I would have come earlier, but I ________ that you were waiting for me.
A. didn’t know
B. hadn’t know
C. would have known
D. haven’t known
14. Everything ______ if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.
A. will be destroyed
B. will have been destroyed
C. would be destroyed
D. would have been destroyed
15. ______the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.
A. Had it not been
B. If it were not
C. If it had not been for
D. Were it not for
16. He _______ busy yesterday, or he _______ you with your experiment.
A. was, had helped
B. was, would have helped
C. had been, would have helped
D. were, would have helped
17. But for water, it _______ impossible to live in the earth.
A. is
B. would be
C. were
D. wouldn’t be
18. The thief closed his eyes ________ he ________dying.
A. even if；was
B. though；would be
C. even；had been
D. as if；were
19. —Will you read me a story, Mummy?
—OK. You ________ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
A. might
B. must
C. could
D. shall
20. I __________ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone
B. didn’t go
C. wouldn’t go
D. hadn’t gone
21. What the customers_______ from the company is that the goods _______ right to their homes.
A. requested, deliver
B. demand, be delivered
C. request, should deliver
D. demand, delivered
22. If the doctor had been available, the child _______.
A. would not die
B. would not have died
C. could not die
D. could not have died
23. I was really anxious about you. You ________ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave
B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left
D. needn’t leave
24. Mr Li required the computer equipment referred ________ used in every classroom.
A. should be
B. have to be
C. to be
D. to being
25. —Yang Liwei has won great honour for our country.
—Who is Yang Liwei?
—What a question! It is surprising ________ the first spaceman in China.
A. you didn’t know our national hero
B. to you not to know him
C. you should know nothing about
D. you knew nothing about
答案与解析
Ⅰ. 翻译句子：
1. It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
2. If he had got up early, he would not have been late for school.
3. If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday.
4. If only our parents could live with us!
5. It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
6. It is high time that you went / should go to school.
7. You shouldn’t have told her the truth.
8. I didn’t have enough money. Otherwise I would have bought that book.
9. If everyone in our country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.
10. I would rather you paid me now.
Ⅱ. 请改正下列句子中的错误。
1. stayed → (should) stay。order的宾语从句的谓语用“（should）+ 动词原形”的虚拟结构。
2. will go → went。would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去时表示现在或将来要做的事情。
3. would have been → would be。从句说的是过去，所以用过去完成时，而主句指的是现在，即现在的虚拟结果，所以用“would + 动词原形”。
4. leave → left/should leave。在“It is （high）time that …”句型中，从句的谓语动词一般用过去式或should+动词原形，should不可省。
5. can → could。if only引出的句子要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望。
6. didn’t do → hadn’t done。wish后的宾语从句谓语用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
7. didn’t help → hadn’t helped。主句用“would / should + have + 过去分词”，表示过去时间的虚拟条件从句要用过去完成时。
8. couldn’t be → couldn’t have been。句意：要不是你那么努力，工作就不会准时完成了。从but for（要不是）短语中的“great”可知，“你”已经付出了努力，是暗含的条件，所以后面句子相当于虚拟条件句的主句，而且与过去事实相反，应该用couldn’t have been。
Ⅲ. 单项选择。
1. B。考查if条件的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，条件句省略了if，把had提前。
2. B。考查混合虚拟语气，根据at the age of seven可知从句为对过去的假设，须用过去完成时。
3. B。虚拟条件句中含有were或had，should时， if可省,将were, had, should提到主语前面，从句是与将来事实相反的假设，所以用should，实际上“you”也不会被解雇。而主句说明的事实，所以用了will。
4. D。从上下文可知，说话人没有参加讲座，省略了从句“if I hadn’t been busy”，主句与过去事实相反，因此选D。
5. D。前句是省略了if的与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，而由now可知主句与现在事实相反，所以用would be。
6. B。从句子的后半部分“I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.”可知用了虚拟语气形式，所以前面用but for（要不是）引出相当于条件句的介词短语。In spite of 尽管；Because of 因为；
As for 就......而言。
7. C。If only引出的句子是一个条件句，要用虚拟语气；从上文可知说话人后悔没有
听从对方的建议，应该用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
8. A。此句是混合虚拟条件句，前面是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，后面的结果句受now影响应该与现在事实相反，所以选A。
9. B。句型“It is time that...”从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示虚拟。
10. C。从“He was very busy yesterday”可知，谈论的是过去的事，otherwise相当于“如果昨天不忙的话”，所以主句用would have done。
11. D。“Without electricity”相当于条件句，从today可知句子与现在事实相反，所以谓语动词
用would be。句意：如果没有电，人类今天的生活会完全不同了。
12. D。句意：如果他认真听老师讲课了，他现在就会知道问题的答案了。从句与过去事实相反，
用had listened；主句与现在事实相反，用would+动词原形。
13. A。前面的分句是与过去事实相反的主句形式，but引出了过去的事实，而省略了与过去事实相反的条件句“if I had known that...”。即：如果我知道你在等我，我早就来了，但是我不知道你正在等我。“不知道”是过去的事实，用didn’t know。
14. D。从if从句中可知谈论的是与过去的事实相反的假设，主句应该用would have done。所以选D。
15. D。主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从而排除A、C；if it is not for... 要不是因为......，此短语用于虚拟语气，省略了if，is变成were提前。句意：如果不是因为那些云彩，你会很容易地看到空中的飞机。
16. B。第一空是昨天发生的事实，用过去时was；因为有了or，省略了条件从句“如果昨天不忙的话”，所以主句与过去事实相反，所以选B。
17. B。But for water（要不是有水）相当于“If there were no water”,从句意可知句子与现在事实相反，所以句子的谓语是would be。
18. D。句意：那个小偷闭上眼睛，好像要死了一样。根据句意第一空应该选as if（好像），even if （即使）和though（虽然）不合题意；be dying是closed...发生同时的状态，用一般过去时，be用were。
19. D。根据答语中if从句的谓语及情景可知主句是很有可能发生的事，不用虚拟语气，用shall与第二人称连用，表示许诺。句意：你如果快点上床，我就给你读一个故事。
20. A。介词短语without your generous help相当于虚拟的条件句，从“慷慨的（generous）”可知，事情已经发生了，是与过去事实相反，因此选A。
21. B。从is可知what从句中的谓语动词request或demand用一般现在时，表示一般状况；而动词request/remand有关的表语从句用虚拟语气：（should）+动词原形。第二空动词deliver与主语the goods是被动关系，省略should后，填be delivered。
22. B。从句意和前面条件句中可知，主从句都与过去事实相反，所以选B，would可译
成“会”，表示预测结果，could表示能力，不合题意。句意：如果医生当时在，那个孩子就不会死了。
23. B。shouldn’t have left表示“本不应该（不说一声就）离开”，表示“过去不该做却做了”。
24. C。句中referred to是过去分词短语，作the computer equipment 的定语，意为“被提到的计算机设备”；在表示“要求”的require, request, ask, demand等动词后的宾语从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”，所以从句的谓语动词是be used，省略了should。
25. C。在it is surprising后的that从句中，谓语要用“should +动词原形”，其中should 含“竟然”之意，是最佳答案。
if only强调所希望的状态并不存在，而wish则表示某事有可能发生。 一、wish用法说明 动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。 要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时（be 动词一律用were）；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或 would/could+had +过去分词； 表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，从句谓语用 would/could/should/might＋动词原形。 I wish I were not so busy.但愿我不那样忙碌。 I wish I were [was] better looking.要是我长得漂亮些就好了。 She wished she had stayed at home.她后悔的是她当时要是留在家里就好了。 I wish you would go with us tomorrow.要是你明天同我们一起去就好了。 I wish you wouldn’t look down on this kind of work.我希望你不要看不起这种工作。 This watch has gone wrong. I wish I had bought a better make.这只表坏了，我真愿意我买的是好一点的牌子。 I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more.我希望你不再抽烟了。 I wish you would be more respectful to your father.我希望你对你父亲更尊敬些。 I wish I could be of some use.我希望我能有什么用处。 二、if only 1.在if only这个短语中，only只是加强if的语气的，不仅能表达说话人的愿望，而且能表达条件。
虚拟语气 1．虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 e.g. He would be alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night. If it were not for… / If it had not been for… = but for 3) 特殊结构的条件句but for without (with no) e.g. If it were not for his, help, I could never go to college. e.g. But for air and water, nothing could live. e.g. Without electricity, there would be no modern industry. 4) 条件句的省略 a.省if，用倒装，限于谓动为were, had, should e.g. Were I you, is shouldn’t so it like that. Had you not helped me, I should have failed. 如果没有你的帮助我就失败了。 b.省主句的虚拟结构（表愿望） e.g. If only I could help you! 如果我能帮助你就好了。 If only I had more money! 要是我有更多的钱就好了。 If only you had not told him what I said! 要是你没有把我的话告诉他就好了。 2. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用 1）It is + adj. + that …+ (should) v.: 表愿望，要求，建议等 necessary, important, essential, imperative, natural, impossible, strange, vital, obligatory, resolved, desirable, advisable, preferable, urgent, etc. e.g. It is strange that she (should) have left with the light still on. 2) It is + p.p. + that…+ (should) v.: 表愿望，要求，建议等 suggested, required, demanded, urged, ordered, desired, advised requested, urged, proposed, recommended, etc. e.g. it is suggested that the automobile be oiled every day. 3) It is (high / about) time + (that)…+ 一般过去式（be →were） e.g. It is high time that we were off to London. 3. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 1) suggest, require, order, demand, propose, advise, insist, maintain, recommend, urge, prefer, request, command, desire, ask, object, direct, pray, propose等后的宾从宾从谓动(should) v. 2) wish后的宾从 a. 表无能为力的过去愿望 sb. wish + (that)…+ had ved. / could (would, might) have ved.
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义if非真实条件句中的虚拟语气知识点整理总结 虚拟语气是一个很不讨人喜欢的语法知识，因为它不仅晦涩难懂，而且还容易混淆。笔者将分三期带大家轻松掌握虚拟语气的全部知识，今天我们首先来看i f非真实条件句。 01 两个最基本的概念 在开始本文之前，我们先得搞清楚两个概念。 何为非真实条件句？ 答案：在第二讲中，笔者将条件句分成真实条件句和虚拟条件句，其中的虚拟条件句就指的是非真实条件句。它是指说话者假设了一种和客观事实相反的情况。 何为虚拟语气？ 答案：虚拟语气是指说话人的某种与客观事实或规律不符的愿望、猜测、假设、主张、建议等。 02 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气，也即if引导的虚拟条件句的三个句型，详情见下面的表格。 注意：其中的虚拟对象分别指和现在、和未来、和过去相反。
如： If I were you, I would dump her. 如果我是你，我会甩了她。 If I were to do it, I would do it in another way. 如果让我做，我会采取不同的办法。 If I had been there, I would have helped him. 如果我在那里，我肯定会帮助他。 03 if三个句型的时态逻辑 对于if的三个虚拟语气句型，很多同学都不知道为什么这么用，只是死记硬背下来了。今天笔者就试着为大家简单解读一下噢。 上述句型中从句的本质是：从句带了i f，是一种假设情况，相对于虚拟对象往后退了一个时态位。 上述句型中主句的本质是：主句是站在已经退后的时态位上向将来看。其中，和现在、将来相反，都用过去将来时；和过去相反，由于主句的动作判断已完成，要用过去将来完成时。
虚拟语气详解 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。 虚拟语气大体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~ （1）be型虚拟（基本是套路） 形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略 用法：1）表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等 最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟 例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed. The manager suggested that we (should) work together. 注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句 例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句) We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句) 只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！ 特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲，insist 作“坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点，体会下面两组句子： We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。 Her expression suggests that she is angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。 She insisted that we should find the source of the river. 她坚持主张我们应该找到河的源头。 She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 她坚持说自己没做错事。 suggest 的区别很明显，但insist有点难辨别，一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张，或是坚持要做一件事，那么用虚拟。 2）表示主观看法，常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。。。怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“ it is +名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中，常见的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等 例如：It is advisable that you (should) leave now. It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities. It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banned in public area.
新概念英语第二册语法总结：虚拟语气 虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握： 1、虚拟条件句。 2、名词性虚拟语气。 3、虚拟语气的其他用语。 一、虚拟条件句： 条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为： If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋动词原形，如： If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now. 2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为： If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋have＋过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved. If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为： If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)＋do，主语＋should(could...)＋原形do，如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry. 注意问题： 1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。 2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。 3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如： Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved. Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
知识点一： 德语语法中最容易迷惑人的大概就是虚拟式了。为了帮助大家更好的理解虚拟语气，我们讲分成两部分讲解虚拟式。 虚拟式分为第一虚拟式和第二虚拟式。由于平常第二虚拟式用得较频繁，且常用第二虚拟式代替第一虚拟式，我们先来谈一谈第二虚拟式到底是何方神圣？到底要怎么用？ 一，虚拟式构成形式及与一般式对比 对比直陈式： 如大家所见，第二虚拟式只有两个时态：现在时，过去式。直陈式过去时有三种时态，而第二虚拟式只有一种。 二，时态 ?现在时：
①弱变化动词 弱变化动词的第二虚拟式形式上比较容易掌握的，与直陈式过去时相似： ②强变化动词 动词变化基本形式是动词过去时词根加上一下词尾： ③ 如： ④强变化动词词干元音为 a, o, u 时，须变为 ?，?，ü：
⑤助动词haben, sein, werden 第二虚拟式 ⑥ ⑦情态动词第二虚拟式
⑧特例：一些强变化动词和混合变化动词在构成第二虚拟式时元音和直陈式 过去时元音不一样，如： 但是这种形式现在用的比较少，常使用Würden+不定式。 ⑨特例：混合动词 senden 和 wenden 在第二虚拟式中一般用弱变化形式， 如： ⑩ ?过去时： 第二虚拟式过去时结构如下： 助动词haben/sein第二虚拟式形式+过去分词 需要注意的是： ?所有表示过去的直陈式形式改为虚拟式时，都用这种形式。
?sein第二人称形式du w?r e st 中间的e可以省略，即du w?rst. 三，被动态 四，第二虚拟式的代替形式 würde + 不定式 ?口语中，大部分动词的第二虚拟式由würden+不定式的形式来代替，如 Ich würde dich gern einladen. ?haben和sein的第二虚拟式形式很少用würde 形式来代替，情态动词几乎不用该形式代替。 ?但是，要避免住从句中都用würden形式。 Wenn ich dort eine Arbeit finden würde, würde ich an der See bleiben.(X) 五，第二虚拟式的用法 第二虚拟式主要表示一种非现实的情况。也常用于客套句中，表示婉转的请求、提问、谦虚的态度或者礼节性对话。 ①礼貌表达（客套句） ?K?nnten Sie mir bitte Handtaschen zeigen? ?K?nnte ich bitte mal das Salz haben? ?Würden so freundlich sein und mir helfen?
一、概念 中文译作"虚拟语气"。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。 二、语法结构 1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况） 与..事实相反If从句主句 过去Had done Would* have done 现在Were/did Would* do 将来Should do/were/were to do Would* do 例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [过去] If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [现在] If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [将来] 备注： （1）上表中’*’，would都可转换为should、could、might。 （2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。 例句： He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug. [与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反] (3) if可转换为其他形式 例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so successfully. [过去] （=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we …） Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来] (=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.) I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去] (=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..) 2、wish结构 与..事实相反 过去Had done 现在Were/did
Subjunctive mood 一. Teaching aims: 1、Knowledge and ability 1）. Know what the subjunctive mood refers to 2）. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood 3）. Master the structure of the subjunctive mood about “if …” and the structures of the different forms of the subjunctive mood. 4）. Do some exercises about the grammar and flexible to use it in specific language environment. 2、Process and method goals : Combine guidance of teachers and student self-learning；combine to grammar explanations and grammar exercises enable students to master the subjunctive mood in use. 3、Emotional attitudes and values objectives： To develop students' independent learning and the exploring ability, increase their awareness of cooperation, to improve students' language skills and the ability to express their views. 二、teaching difficult point Can use this rules of grammar to complete various training exercises and use in the actual language. 三.、Teaching important points 1) The subjunctive mood is often found in a clause be ginning with the word “if”. 2) Get students to learn the proper forms of verbs in subjunctive mood. 四、Teaching methods： 1) Multi-media teaching 2) Cooperative learning-for example: group discussion 3）Inductive method 五、Teaching aids：PPT，video
虚拟语气和错综条件时间从句区别 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. （错综时间条件从句） You would have been much better now if you had taken my advice.(虚拟） 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了 在表示虚拟语气的句子中，条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间来调整，这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你当时听我的话，现在就会好多了。（从句过去，主句现在）would have been 是与过去事实相反的非真实条件句 一般来说虚拟语气中的混合时态的句子都有具体的时间词来进行提示的，比如 说： If we had arrived at the shopping mall earlier, we would get more gifts now. 如果我们早点来商场的话（过去的时间虚拟），我们现在就可以拿更多的礼物了 （现在的虚拟）。 这是两个不同时间的虚拟语气，有相应的时间词来提示的，now来提示后句的时 间是现在而不是和前面一样的过去。 If we had arrived at the shopping mall earlier, we would have got more gifts. 如果我们早点来商场的话，我们就会拿到更多的礼物了。（已经拿了礼物了，但是实际上过去拿的时候没有拿到那么多） 如果从句和主句都表示过去的，那从句用had done,主句用 would ,could,might,should+have done 如：If you had taken my advice,you would not have been late for the meeting yesterday.如果从句表示过去的，但主句表示现在的，从句用had done,主句用would ,could,might,should+do,如：If you had taken my advice,you would not be late for the meeting now.这种一般都有个时间，如果没有表示时间的词也可以从上下文看出。 虚拟语气的用法错误。
虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 8. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now. (从句是对
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。 If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你，我就去试试。 If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. 如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子都有了坐骑 I would go if they treated me like a slave. 要是他们把我当奴隶对待，我就走。 If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。 If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是没下雨，我就去买东西了。 The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。 If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. 明天如果他在这里的话，我就和他谈谈。 If you dropped the glass, it would break. 你要是把杯子掉下来，会打碎的。 If she had time, she could help me. 她要是有时间，就会帮我了。 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做。 If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him 假如校长来了，我们对他说什么呢？ Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的话，我可以立即去。（= If it were necessary......） Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。（= If you had taken my advice......） Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有时间，我就去看她。（= If I should have time......） If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。（从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。（从句说明过去，主句说明将来。） If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. 如果你此刻犹豫不决，你将来会吃苦头的。（从句说明现在，主句说明将来） He would not get such a result without your help. 没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含在介词短语without your help中) But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你，我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中) This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster.
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood）用法归纳 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和 某些感叹句。如： ① There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ② Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③ How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ① Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ② Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推 测等。如： ① If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ② I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③ May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气， 常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴ Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵ It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如： ⑴ May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ ⑵ May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ ⑶ May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷ May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸ May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹ May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型，主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如： ⑴ Long live the people! 人民万岁！ ⑵ “God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” ⑶ Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） ⑴ God save me. ⑵ Heaven help us. 四、表命令。 1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2. 句子尾通常加上感叹号。
第2讲情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词和虚拟语气在高考的语法填空和短文改错中鲜有考查，但在写作中却经常使用，恰 当运用此语法能够成为得分的亮点，因此在二轮备考中考生对此语法也应做到足够重视。 考点感悟 语法填空 语法填空中对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查并不难，主要是一些常见的基本用法。 感1.(2018·天津高考)I can't find my purse.I________have left it in the supermarket yesterday,but I'm not sure. 答案：might/could此处表示对过去情况“有可能”的推测。 2.(2018·江苏高考)There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I ________(have)a second chance to become more involved. 答案：had根据语意语境可知wish在此表达现在的一个愿望，其后的宾语从句应用虚 拟语气，谓语动词要用过去式。 3.(2017·北京高考)If the new safety system________(put)to use,the accident would never have happened. 答案：had been put根据语意及句中的would never have happened可知，if从句表 示对过去情况的假设，故应用过去完成时。且主语system与put之间为被动关系，应用被动 语态。 悟1.wish后接虚拟句如果表示对现在的虚拟，从句用一般过去时。如果表示对过去 的虚拟从句，用过去完成时。 2.虚拟语气的基本用法对现在的虚拟if从句中动词用过去式，主句用 might/could/should/would＋动词原形；对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用 would/should/could/might＋have done。 短文改错 短文改错中对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查并不多见，涉及时也是以基本用法为主。 感1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. _____________________ 答案：chose→choose情态动词后应跟动词原形。 2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I should available any time after school next week. _____________________ 答案：should后加be句子缺少系动词且在should后应用be。 3.(2019·东北三校联盟)Most citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence were put into prison. _____________________
英语虚拟语气总结（一） 一、概说 英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等，祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望：He is honest. 他很诚实。(陈述语气) Don’t be late next time. 下次别迟到。(祈使语气) If I were you I wouldn’t go. 我要是你，我就不会去。(虚拟语气) I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多钱就好了。(虚拟语气) 二、带虚拟条件的虚拟语气 1.真实条件句和非真实条件句 条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气) If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气) 2.虚拟条件句的三种基本类型 (1)若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道) (2)若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”： If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了) (3)若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 注：① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：If you tried again you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would 表结果) If you tried again you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might
虚拟语气(2) 虚拟语气是用来表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的情况。主要是通过动词的变化来体现的。 ▲在某些主语从句和条件状语从句中虚拟的用法 在It is important, impossible, strange, vital 至关重要的, natural, essential必需的；基本的, desirable值得要的, preferable更好的, advisable可取的, appropriate适当的, surprising, sad,urgent, suggested, necessary, requested, ordered,+that…句型中，主语从句在英国英语中用should +原形动词。在美国英语中省略should直接用原形。 在for fear that（以防……起见）引导的条件句中用法同上。 在unless, when, so(as) long as，suppose, in case, on condition lest(以免)引导的条件状语从句中也可用虚拟语气，用法同上。 ●It is necessary that he（should）come on time to attend the meeting. 他按时来出席会议是必要的。 ●It is natural that he（should）love Merry. 他爱玛丽是很自然的事。 ●He took an umbrella for fear that it (should) rain. 他带了一把伞，以防天下雨。
●As long a s my wife (should) get ready, we will go. 只要我太太准备好了，我们就去。 ▲在suggest, propose, demand, inquire, request, desire想望, 期望, insist, order, advise, agree等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句中。英国英语用should +原形动词，美国英语省略“should”用原形动词 ●He insisted that we（should）get there on time. 他坚持我们要按时到那。 ●The dean proposed that the question（should）not be discussed at once. 系主任提议这个问题不要马上讨论。 ▲在think, expect, believe, 是否定形式时，宾语从句可用虚拟语气：should +动词原形，should不可省。 ●She said she never expected I should lend money to her. ▲suggestion, proposal, request, advice, order, command等表示建议、命令、要求等的名词后面的表语从句中，用should+动词原形，表示虚拟，should常常省略。 The general’s command was that the soldiers (should) leave their fort and carry out more important tasks. ▲were (was) to 有时在虚拟条件句中用were (was)表示试探的口气。 ●If you were (was) to do something like that I would not