重点句型语法剖析
三、重点句型剖析
1. reason＋从句
【教材原句】There are various reasons why people write poetry.
【方法规律】reason常用句式：
the reason后是用why或for which还是用that或which，取决于其在从句中所承担的句子成分。缺少主语、宾语、表语用that 或which，缺少状语用why或for which。例：The reason why he didn’t come was that he was ill. 他没来的原因是他病了。That’s the reason why she spoke. 这就是她讲话的原因。
[即学即练]
用适当的关系词填空。
(1)The only reason __________ I came was __________ I wanted to meet your friends.
(2)The reason for the party is __________ it’s Sue’s birthday.
(3)Is this the reason __________ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
(4)One reason for her preference for city life is __________ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
【答案】(1)why；that(2)that(3)that/which(4)that
【解析】本题主要考查reason引导的定语从句的关系词
四、重点语法剖析
虚拟语气 (II)
(一)名词性从句中须用虚拟语气的情况
1. 用于主语从句中
(1)It is + adj. + that从句
当it作形式主语，当描述主语的形容词是advisable，critical，crucial，desirable，essential，imperative，important，incredible，inevitable，necessary，strange，urgent等时，后面的主语从句中多用虚拟语气，即用should+动词原形，should常省略。It is essential that this mission not fail. 这项任务不失败至关重要。
It was necessary that some immediate effort be made. 做出一些立即的努力是必要的。
(2)It is + V-ed + that从句
在这种句型中，动词通常为order，command，suggest，advise，request，require，demand
等，后面的主语从句多用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should常省略。
It’s suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. 据建议会议被推迟到下周。
It was ordered that the wounded soldiers be sent to the field hospital at once. 据命令受伤的士兵被马上送往战地医院。
It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚前准备就绪。
注意：“坚决要命”类动词所接的四种名词性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同位语从句）中用法都如此。“坚决要命”：insist，advise，suggest，propose，decide，require，request，desire，demand，order，command等。
(3)It’s time + that从句
本句型中that可省略，time可由high、about修饰，从句中的谓语动词有两种形式，或者用动词的过去式(be用were)，表示与现在相反；或者用should + 动词原形(should不能省略)，表示与将来相反。此句型为虚拟语气句型，表示“某人该做某事了”。含有该事早该去做而未做，现在去做似乎都为时已晚的意思。
It’s high time that the article were published. 发表这篇文章是适时的。
It’s time you should do cleaning. 你该去打扫卫生了。
注意：本句型必须与“It(This) is (was) the first (second,) time +that从句区别开来。
It is the first time that I have been on the plane. 这是我第一次乘飞机。
2. 用于宾语从句中
(1)wish引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。
How I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky!
我是多么希望我是一只鸟，这样就能在天空中自由地飞翔了。（事实上不是）
I wish I had not told a lie then. 我多么希望那时我没有说谎啊！（事实上我那时说谎了）
(2)在would rather(宁愿)引导的宾语从句中用虚拟语气。
一般过去时：would rather sb. did sth./would rather sb. were …表示与现在或将来相反。
I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我宁可你明天来。
过去完成时：would rather sb. had done sth.表示与过去相反。
I’d rather you hadn’t told him the news. 我宁可你没有告诉他那则新闻。
(3)在advise，demand，insist(坚持要)，order，propose，request，require，suggest(建议)后的宾语从句中用should+动词原形，should常省略。
The doctor advised that she remain in bed a few more days. 医生建议她再卧床几天。
I demanded that he do it at once. 我要求他马上做。
注意：动词suggest和insist后面的宾语从句，应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
①suggest作“建议”解时，用虚拟语气；作“暗示，表明”解时，用陈述语气。
比较下列句子：
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
他脸上的笑容表明他很满意我们的工作。（“表明”，用陈述语气）
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.
他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。（“暗示”，用陈述语气）
He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.
他建议我坚持自己的决定。（“建议”，用虚拟语气）
②insist表示“坚持”“主张”，其后通常接that从句作宾语。后接that-从句根据意思的不同而分为两种情况：第一种是表示“坚持要”“一定要”，从句所指的一般是尚未实现的事实，此时谓语通常用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形）。如：I insist that you (should) see the doctor. 我坚持你要看医生。第二种是表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”，从句所指的通常是已经发生的事或已存在的状态，谓语一般用陈述语气。如：He still insisted he wasn’t there at the time. 他仍然坚持说他当时不在那儿。
比较下列句子：
My mother insists that we (should) keep a watchdog.
我妈妈坚持要我们养条看门狗。
（“坚持要”，事情尚未发生，用虚拟语气）
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那个人坚称他从来没有偷钱。
（“坚称”，已经发生的事，用陈述语气）
3. 用于表语从句中
在表示建议、劝告、命令(advice，demand，order，proposal，request，suggestion等)等含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用“should + 动词原形”结构，should常省略。His sole requirement was that the system work. 他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。Our decision is that the meeting be adjourned. 我们的决定是会议延期。
4. 用于同位语从句中
在表示建议、劝告、命令(advice，demand，order，proposal，request，suggestion等)等含义的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词要用“should + 动词原形”结构，should常省略。
We all agree to his suggestion that we go to the Happy Valley for an outing. 我
们都同意他的建议——我们去欢乐谷郊游。
Order came that the soldiers be sent to the border. 士兵被派到边界的命令传来。We put forward a proposal that a meeting be convened next week. 我们提议下周召开一次会议。
(二)状语从句中的虚拟语气的情况
1. as if 或as though（好像……似的）引导的方式状语从句和表语从句中
用过去时表示与现在事实相反或或对现在情况有所怀疑；用过去完成时表示对过去事实的假设。
It seems as if it were spring. 现在好像是春天似的。
She appeared as if she had known nothing about it. 她看上去对此一无所知。
He works very hard as if he never intended to sleep. 他工作非常努力，好像他从来不想睡觉似的。
He talks (talked) as if he had been to American before. 看他谈话的样子仿佛他以前去过美国似的。
She cried as if her heart would break. 她哭得心都要碎了。
2. 用于目的状语从句中
在lest, for fear that, in case等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”来构成虚拟语气；在so that, in order that等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词除了用“should+动词原形”外，还可以用“might, could+动词原形”来构成虚拟语气。He tried his best to study in order that he might pass the exam. 他尽最大努力学习，以便通过考试。
He stayed at home for a few days so that he might have more time to study it. 他在家里呆了几天，以便会有更多的时间来研究这个问题。
Providing (Supposing) the weather were bad, when would you go? 假定天气不好的话，你去哪儿呢？
She’s studying hard for fear that he should fall behind. 她努力学习，生怕跟不上。
3. 用于让步状语从句中
在让步状语从句中，谓语动词多用动词原形来构成虚拟语气。
注意：由even if或even though引导的让步状语从句中，其从句的谓语动词形式与含有非真实条件从句的主从句中的谓语动词一样来构成虚拟语气。
Whatever book you may read, read it carefully.不管你读什么书，都要用心。
No matter what you may say, I am determined to do what I think is right.不管你怎么说，我认为对的事我一定要做。
4. 用于if only引导的从句中
在if only引导的从句中，谓语动词须采用虚拟语气，其用法与wish后宾语从句的用法基本相同，表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”的意思。
If only I knew what you wanted. 要是我知道你需要什么就好了。
If only he had arrived in time, he would not have been punished. 他要是准时到达就好了，就不会被惩罚了。
(三)含蓄虚拟条件句
1. 在有分词短语或独立主格结构的句子中，谓语用虚拟结构。
Having known in time(=If we had known in time), we might have prevented the accident. 如果我们及时知道的话，我们也许就能避免这起事故了。
United(=If they had been united), they wouldn’t have been defeated. 他们要是团结起来，就不会被打败了。
2. 用but for或without等介词短语来代替条件从句，意为“如果没有”。but for相当于If it had not been for，表示与过去事实相反的情况，可与without互换；但当without 所表示的情况是与现在事实相反时，二者则不能互换。
The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain. 要没有那位船长的努力，就会连船带人都沉没了。
But for(=Without) John, Jane would have fallen into water. 如果没有约翰，珍妮可能会掉进水里。
But for their help(=If it were not for their help), we could not get over the difficulties. 要不是他们的帮助．我们是克服不了这些困难的。
Without air, there would be no living things. (without air, if there were no air)没有空气，便没有生物。
With her help(=If I had her help), I would do the experiment well. 假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。
3. 用otherwise(or，or else)，though，although等表示与上下文所指的情况不同，从而引出虚拟语气。
He was very busy doing his experiments in physics, otherwise(or else) he would have given you much help. 他当时正忙于做物理实验，否则他会给你很大帮助的。
I’m really busy, otherwise(=if I weren’t so busy), I would certainly go with you. 我确实太忙了。不然的话，我一定和你一块去。
Einstein had little concern for money, though(although) he could have been a very rich man. 尽管爱因斯坦本可以成为非常富有的人，但他对金钱不感兴趣。
4. 表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词，如intend，hope，want，plan, mean等的过去完
成时态或不定式用完成时态时．表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。
He had hoped for a better job, but he didn’t get it. 他原希望找一个好的工作，但他没有得到。
I had meant to go to the party, but I had to work extra hours to prepare a speech. 我原打算去参加这个聚会，但我得加时准备演讲。
I intended to have helped you, but I was very busy at that time. 我原打算向帮助他，但我当时很忙。
[即学即练]
1. I ________ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come
B. was coming
C. would come
D. would have come
【答案】D。
2. —Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I ________ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A. attended B .had attended C. would attend D. would have attended
【答案】D。
【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：——真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。——我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。对过去的虚拟，故主句用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。
3. I ________ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone
B. didn’t go
C. wouldn’t go
D. hadn’t gone
【答案】A。
【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选A。
4. We ________ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A. will put
B. will have put
C. would put
D. would have put 【答案】D。
5. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he ________.
A. was busy
B. is busy
C. had been busy
D. will be busy 【答案】A。
【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。前句表示对过去的虚拟, 而but之后表示过去的客观事实，故用一般过去时态。选A。
6. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ________ more on its culture.
A. focus
B. focused
C. would focus
D. had focused
【答案】B。
【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反，用动词的过去式。故选B。
7. I suggested to him that the debt ________ paid immediately.
A. will be
B. should be
C. was
D. had been
【答案】B。
【解析】句意：我跟他建议债务应立即归还。suggest是主句谓语动词，to him是间接宾语，that引导的从句作suggest的直接宾语；根据句意，suggest在这里是“建议”的意思，故宾语从句用should+动词原形，故选B项。
8. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ________ it differently.
A. could express
B. would express
C. could have expressed
D. must have expressed
【答案】C。
【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。could have expressed it differently.他要是用另一种方式来说该多好呀。
9. But for the help of my English teacher, I ________ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win
B. would not have won
C. would win
D. would have won
【答案】B。
【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反, 句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构，故选B。
10. The order came that the medical supplies ________ to Beijing for the H1N1 flu
soon.
A. would be sent
B. should send
C. be sent
D. must be sent 【答案】C。
【解析】考查虚拟语气。当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order，suggest，command等)后面接从句时，从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语用should+do，should可以省略。故选C。
11. Don’t handle the vase as if it ________ made of steel.
A. is
B. were
C. has been
D. had been
【答案】B。
【解析】考查虚拟语气。as if“仿佛，好像”，其后面的内容若与客观事实不符则用虚拟语气，花瓶不是用钢做的，因此选择B项。句意：别把这花瓶当作钢做得似的去拿。
12. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ________ more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited
B. had visited
C. would visit
D. would have visited
【答案】D。
13. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he ________ something instead of just talking.
A. will do
B. has done
C. do
D. did
【答案】D。
【解析】考查特殊句式中的虚拟语气。在“It’s high/very time that”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用did或should do，故选D项。句意：杰克是个善于夸夸其谈的人，该是他做点什么而不是仅仅说说而已的时候了。
14. It is important that I ________ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak
B. spoke
C. will speak
D. to speak
【答案】B。
【解析】句意：我立即同威廉姆斯先生说话是重要的。It is + adj. + that从句，形容词是important，故从句中用虚拟语气；根据句意，是对现在的虚拟，故要用一般过去时，故选B。
15. Tom wanted to study at a high school abroad, but his parents would not let him.
________ they allowed him to, he would have gone to Germany.
A. Will
B. Had
C. Might
D. Were 【答案】B。