新标准大学英语视听说教程(2)听力原文-Unit+1

新标准大学英语视听说教程(1)i n s i d e_v i e w听力原文-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Unit 1Conversation 1Porter: Good afternoon.Janet: Good afternoon.Porter: New studentJanet: Yes.Porter: Welcome to Hertford College.Janet: Thank you.Porter: Can I have your family name, pleaseJane t: Yes, it's Li.Porter: Er, L-double EJanet: No, L-I.Po r te r: And what's your first name, Ms LiJanet: Janet.Porter: Janet Li ... ah yes, there you are. Here are your keys.Janet: Where's my roomPorter: You're in staircase 6 room 5.Jane t: Who am I sharing withPorter: Nobody. You have your own room. Er ... there's a Ms Santos in the room next to you.Janet: Oh. My own roomIn China we usually have several people in a dormitory.Porter: Well, here you don't have to share with anyone.Janet: Thank you sir.Porter: No need to call me sir, Ms Li. Everyone calls me Stewart.Janet: Please call me Janet!Porter: OK, Janet, um, can you just sign for your keys, please?Conversation 2Kate: Hi, have you just arrived too?Janet: Yes!Kate: I guess we’re neighbors. My name’s Kate Santos.Janet: I’m Janet Li. Where are you from?Kate: From New York. How about you?Janet: I’m from Anshan in China.Kate: Is Janet your real name?Janet: No, it’s my English name. My Chinese name is Li Hui. Is Kate your full name? Kate: No, it’s short for Catherine.Janet: So do I call you Catherine or Kate?Kate: Everyone calls me Kate.Conversation 3Kate Hey! This is awesome! Look at the size of this dining hall.Janet Is this where we have all our mealsKate I guess.Mark You just arrivedGirls Yes!Mark Me too. By the way, I'm Mark. Nice to meet you.Kate Hi, I'm Kate.Mark Hi Kate, I guess you're from the States.Kate Right! How can you tell You're British, huhMark Yes, I'm from London. And you are ...J anet I'm Li Hui. I'm from China. But you can call me Janet.Mark Hi Janet. Welcome to England. What are you readingJanet English.Mark How about you, KateKate My major is law. And youMark I'm studying PPE.Kate That's a special Oxford subject, isn't it?Unit 2Conversation 1Kate: Oh, this looks nice.Mark: Cool.Waitress: Good afternoon, table for threeCome this way.Mark: Let's have a look at the menu.Mark: Thank you.Janet: Thank you.Waitress: The specials are on the board.Kate: So, what sorts of food do you like, JanetJanet: Well, I like spicy food. And I'm not very fond of raw food! What would you recommendMark: Why don't you try the chicken curryThat's nice and spicy.Janet: What's in itMark: Chicken cooked in tomatoes and onions with Indian spices.Janet: I'll try it. Do we all choose a selection of dishes to share or only one dish per personMark: Usually one dish per person.Kate: Or the moussaka looks good.Janet: What's it made withKate: It's made with lamb and eggplant. It's a Greek dish.Janet: How is it cookedKate: It's baked in the oven.Janet: Mm, that sounds good too.Kate: And as a starterJanet: What's minestrone soupMark: It's an Italian soup with vegetables and pasta. It's delicious!Janet: OK, I'll have that.Kate: WaitressWaitress: What can I get for youKate: Well, for the starter, can we have two minestrone soups, and for the main course, one moussaka and one curry, please. What about you, MarkMark: I'll have the prawns with garlic and the chilli con carne. And could you bring us some water, pleaseWaitress: OK.Mark: Thank you.Waitress: Thanks.Janet: What's chilli con carneMark: It's a spicy Mexican dish with beef and beans. It's very hot!Conversation 2Janet: That was great! Except I don't like cold water. I usually drink hot water. Kate: Hot water We never drink hot water except with tea. Let's have a dessert. What would you like, JanetJanet: Any suggestionsKate: Well, why don't you try the apple strudelIt's an Austrian dish. It's made with apple, pastry and spices.Janet: No, I'm not so keen on pastry. ...What's a chocolate brownieMark: It's a kind of chocolate cake.Janet: How is it madeKate: It's made with flour, eggs and butter...Mark: And lots of chocolate!Kate: You'll love it.Janet: What kind of ice cream is thereKate: I'll ask ... Excuse me ... What flavor ice cream do you haveWaitress: Strawberry, vanilla and chocolate.Janet: I'll just have a fruit salad, I think.Mark: And Kate, what are you going to haveKate: Same for me.Mark: Could you bring us two fruit salads, and a chocolate brownie Waitress: Sure.Unit 3Conversation 1Mark: Hi, what're you doingJanet: Oh, nothing much ... Well, I'm just doing this quiz here in the newspaper. Mark: Let's have a look then.Janet: Here. It's called, "How much do you know about memory" I've just done it. Do you want to have a goMark: OK, might as well. I'm not busy.Janet: Right. Look, I'll read the statements. Then you have to answer "true" or "false". ReadyMark: Yea.Janet: OK. Physical exercise improves your memory. True or falseMark: True, I suppose. It sounds like the right answer.Janet: You're right; exercise does improve your memory. Next statement: 30 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark: That sounds about right. TrueJanet: No, wrong, I'm afraid. In fact, 60 per cent of people have a visual memory. Mark: ReallyActually, I've got a pretty good memory.Janet: Have youOK ... Next one ... When you're tired, it's more difficult to remember things. Mark: That's true, obviously. I can't remember a thing when I'm tired.Janet: Correct! If you do one activity for a long time, your memory will improve. Mark: I'm not sure ... TrueJanet: Actually, it's false.Mark: Oh!Janet: Eating fruit and vegetables can improve your memory.Mark: I read something in The Times about that. True.Janet: True, it says here.Mark: Oh, no! I've got a lecture. I'd forgotten. I'd better get going!Janet: Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate: You're looking a bit down, Janet. What's upJanet: Well ... I'm finding studying at Oxford quite hard.Kate: You're telling me! There's so much work!Janet: It's not the amount of work, but everything's so different. In China, generally we have large classes, we don't have tutorials. And mostly, our teacher tells us what we should do. So I'm not used to asking questions or discussing things. I find it difficult.Kate: You have to memorize a lot, don't youJanet: Yes, but I'm good at that.Kate: You're lucky. There's so much to remember studying law! I have difficulty sometimes, I really do.Janet: Yes, well, we've been trained to do that. But we don't have so much training in critical thinking.Kate: What do you mean by critical thinkingJanet: Let me think ... I think it's giving your opinion and then justifying it.Kate: Yes, I suppose that's what our teachers have always encouraged us to do. Janet: I am getting better at it, I suppose.Kate: Hey! How about thisLet's pretend I'm your tutor. I'll make a statement. Your task is to examine it and then ask questions.Janet: OK.Kate: Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question! Janet: Why do you say thatKate: That's what the research tells us. Now ask another one.Janet: Can you give an example of some researchKate: Um ... No! Look, I'm starving and I can't think at all when I'm hungry.Unit 4Conversation 1Kate: Oh, I must make a quick call. ...Jacky: Hello, Jacky Gordon speaking.Kate: Hello, can I speak to Abbie, pleaseJacky: I'll see if she's in, can you hold onKate: Sure. ...Jacky: Hello She's out, I'm afraid. Can I give her a message — er ... or I can ask her to call you backKate: Could you ask her to call me backJacky: Sure. Who's callingKate: Kate Santos.Jacky: Kate Santos, OK. Does Abbie have your numberKate: Yes, she does.Jacky: I'll tell her you called.Kate: Thanks.Janet: Abbie I know a girl called Abbie. She reads English, doesn't sheKate: Yes, how do you know herJanet: She has a tutorial just after me so we chat a bit. We get on really well. Kate: Yes, everyone likes Abbie. I think it's because she's really interested in people — she's a very good listener. She should be, she works for Nightline.Janet: NightlineKate: Oh, I haven't told you, I've joined it.Janet: What is itI've never heard of it.Kate: Look, I've got a leaflet about it.Janet: So...Kate: It's a university helpline for students who are having problems. I'm training to be one of the people they can call to talk to.Janet: You mean, you're a volunteerKate: Yes.Janet: Oh, that's great, KateConversation 2Abbie: Hi, Abbie speaking.Kate: Hi, Abbie, it's Kate Santos.Abbie: Hi! I'm sorry not to have called you back. I've got a lot on at the moment. How's thingsKate: Fine. I just wanted to let you know I won't be able to come to the next training session.Abbie: Um ... It's quite an important session. Oh, can you hold on a moment. There's someone at the door. ...Abbie: Hi, I'm sorry, look, can I call you back laterKate: Sure. What timeAbbie: Is three o'clock OKKate: Three's fine.Abbie: OK, I'll call you then. Speak soon.Kate: Bye.Abbie: Bye....Kate: Abbie's my Nightline trainer.Janet: You're saying she's your Nightline trainer! But she's still a student.Kate: Well, experienced students train new students, that's the way it works. Janet: Oh, I see.Kate: It's great! At the moment, she's training us in listening skills.Janet: Listening skills What do you mean, listening skillsKate: Um ... The ability to really listen to someone and make them feel you're listening. It's very important.Janet: I've never thought about that before.Kate: Yes, for example, one thing you can do is listen carefully and then repeat what someone says but maybe a little differently.Janet: So what you're saying is, repeat what someone says but maybe not the exact same words.Kate: Yes. You see, when you do that, you check you've understood and you show them you're really listening.Janet: So they know you've really heard them.Kate: Very good, Janet. I can see you've got it already! Hi ... how's it goingUnit 5Conversation 1Kate: Hi, Becky, how's it goingBecky: Good!Mark: Guys, look, can you help me with a problemJanet: Yes, of course.Mark: The thing is, there's this girl I really like called Jenny Sparks. She's a Fresher, really stunning, reads history. I know her name because someone pointed her out to me, but I've never actually spoken to her. Do either of you know herKate: No.Janet: No, I don't know her. Mark, how can you like her if you haven't met her Kate: It's because she's absolutely gorgeous, Janet.Mark: That's right! I want to ask her out, but first I've got to meet her. Got any suggestionsBecky: Guys! You want to orderMark: Sorry.Kate: Three cappuccinosBecky: Sure.Janet: Do you know anyone who knows herYou could ask them to introduce you.Mark: No, I don't, that's the problem.Kate: Are you matchmaking, JanetJanet: What's matchmakingKate: Making introductions between people who might like each other. We don't do that here. How about just walking up to her and saying Hi Why don't you do that Mark: No.Kate: Why notMark: I'm not usually shy, but — she's so ... you know ...!Janet: Oh, Mark!Kate: Just believe in yourself, Mark. You're a great guy!Janet: I understand Mark completely.Kate: Well, it's the only way he's going to get to talk to her.Mark: OK, I'll give it a try.Becky: Solved the Jenny problem yetGirls: Thank you.Janet: You'll be fine. Mark. She'll like him, won't she, BeckyBecky: Of course she will!Conversation 2Mark: Hey, guess what, guys, I've got a date with Jenny.Kate: You did it, you asked her outJanet: When are you seeing herMark: Saturday. We're going to The Eagle and Child.Janet: Sounds great.Mark: Yeah! The thing is, I'm a bit nervous.Janet: Are youMark: Yes, I'm afraid I'll make a fool of myself. I could do with some more advice. Kate: Any ideasJanet: Um ... I'm thinking.Kate: Well ... One thing is ... if you're nervous, it's easy to talk too much, so remember not to do that.Mark: Good point. I'll remember that.Janet: You should make her feel special. Show her you're really interested in her. Mark: I am really interested in her.Janet: Well, you should show her you are.Mark: That'll be easy! What elseKate: It's a good idea to look good.Mark: That's pretty obvious!Kate: I mean clean clothes, Mark!Mark: Oh ... thanks, Kate! Any more adviceKate: Yes, the most important thing is, just be yourself.Becky: How's it going, MarkKate: He's worried this girl won't like him.Becky: She'll love you! Ready to orderUnit 6Conversation 1Janet: So, are you looking for anything in particularMark: Maybe a T-shirt or a polo shirt.Janet: We could go into the covered market and have a look at the shops in there. Kate: And what about youJanet: I need some cosmetics from the Body Shop on Corn market Street.Kate: And I'm looking for something to wear to Jenny's party tonight. But nothing too expensive. Anyway, look, let's go in here.Assistant: Can I help youKate: We're just looking.Mark: What do you think of this oneKate: Hmm, it's OK, but I'm not sure green suits you. Do they have it in other colors Janet: What size do you takeMark: Medium, I guess. Oh, here's a nice polo shirt. I like the color. It's a bit small, though.Janet: Do they have it in a larger sizeMark: Yes, here we go. That's great.Janet: How much is itMark: Twelve pounds. That's not too bad. I'll buy it.Mark: I'll have this, please.Assistant: That'll be 12 pounds please. ... Thank you. ... And here's your shirt, and here's your receipt.Mark: Thanks.Mark: Look, I've really got to go. I'll see you at the party tonight.Kate: OK.Janet: Bye.Conversation 2Janet: OK, Kate. Now it is time to find something for you. What about this dressKate: Hey, that's lovely.Janet: Would you like to try it onKate: Yes, OK. Where are the changing roomsAssistant: Just behind you.Kate: Thank you. ... What do you thinkJanet: Well, it really suits you, but ...Kate: ... it's a bit big. Excuse me, do you have this in a smaller size Assistant: What size do you takeKate: Size 8, I think.Assistant: No, I'm afraid we don't. That's the last one.Kate: No, it doesn't really fit. OK, I'll leave it.Janet: Actually, I really like it.Kate: Why don't you try it on, thenJanet: OK. ... What do you thinkKate: Perfect. It really suits you.Janet: It's a bit expensive.Kate: Go on! You deserve it!Janet: OK, I'll have it. But I don't have enough cash. ... Can I pay by credit card Assistant: Sure.Janet: Thank you.Assistant: Please enter your PIN. ... And here's your receipt.Janet: Thank you.Assistant: Thanks a lot.Kate: That was painless, wasn't itBut I still don't have a dress for the party. Let's try somewhere else. Assistant: Bye.Girls: Bye.Unit 7Conversation 1Janet: What time are your parents arrivingKate: Eleven. Oh no, it's 10.30! I must clean up my room, it's a mess.Janet: Would you like me to give you a handKate: Oh, yes, that would be great! ...Janet: So, what are they like, your parentsKate: They're great. They're very different. Mum's pretty sociable — she's real funny. Dad isn't as sociable — he's kind of quiet — he reads a lot and he likes spending time alone. He's a lot more chilled than Mum.Janet: They do sound quite different.Kate: Yes. Mum — she tends to worry a lot, whereas Dad's quite ... easygoing. He's good at listening, you can tell him anything. Um ... could you put those over there Janet: Sure. So who are you most likeKate: You tell me!Janet: Hmm, you've got a bit of both of them, I think.Kate: Yes, I think so, too. I'm sociable, like Mum —Janet: You're very sociable!Kate: Yes, but I like to spend time alone.Janet: I don't think you worry a lot, do youKate: No, I'm like Dad in that way.Kate: Oh, look at the time, I must go. I'm meeting them outside the Lodge.Conversation 2Julia: This is great. It's just like I pictured it. Look at that, isn't it beautifulRob: Wow, Kate, honey! I love your school!Kate: No, Dad, I'm not at Law School, I'm at university!Rob: OK, honey. It's Oxford, England — I know! ...Rob: Listen, honey, Granddad had a fall just before we left.Kate: Oh, no!Rob: It's OK. He broke his arm but they don't think it's serious.Julia: I don't know, when old people break something, it can be very serious. Rob: I think he'll be fine!Kate: Tell me all about it. What exactly happenedRob: He fell down the steps in the backyard.Kate: Oh, poor Granddad! So go on!Rob: He was taken to the hospital by ambulance ... they kept him there for several hours, didn't they, JuliaBut they let him go home.Julia: I feel awful that we can't be with him.Rob: Julia, I spoke to Granddad as soon as we landed and he said the doctors aren't worried.Kate: What else did he sayRob: He said his arm doesn't hurt him.Kate: Oh, good! So he'll be OK, right There's no real concernRob: No, I told you, honey, there's no need to worry. ... Just look at that! What a great place!Kate: Yes, isn't it wonderfulRob: Come on, let's go and eat. Isn't there a pub nearbyI seem to remember passing one. I'd love to eat in an English pub.Kate: OK, let's do that.Rob: There's no need to worry, honey.Unit 8Conversation 1Assistant: Hi, how can I help youMark: I'd like to book a flight and make a hotel reservation.Assistant: Going to ...Mark: To New York, please.Assistant: Is that a one-way or a returnMark: A return, please. Out on the 17th of June and coming back on the 10th of September.Assistant: OK, and I guess you want economy not clubMark: Yes, economy, please. Could I have an aisle seat, not a window seat Assistant: I'm afraid you'll have to do that at the airport. What about accommodationMark: Well, most of the time I'm working in upstate New York, but I need a cheap hotel in New York City and one in Boston for a few nights.Assistant: How many nights will you be stayingMark: Three nights in Boston and two nights in New York. The 12th to the 15th of August in Boston, leaving on the 15th, so three nights in Boston. Then the 15th to the 17th in New York, leaving on the 17th. So two nights in New York. Assistant: OK, I can check that out for you. Single or double roomMark: Single. With a shower, please.Assistant: I can get you rooms in budget hotels and motels for around 75 dollars a night.Mark: Does the price include breakfastAssistant: Let me see. Yes, I can do that for you.Mark: What time is check-outAssistant: Usually midday ... Do you have a student card You'll need it for the cheap flights and the accommodation. Oh, and any travelling within the US We can get you seats on Greyhound buses, if you want.Mark: Actually, that would be great. Can you get me a seat from New York to Boston, travelling on the 12th of August And then one from New York to Chicago on the 17th After Chicago I'm going to DC and then back to New York, but I'll get those tickets when I'm in the States.Assistant: No problem, just give me a few minutes ...Conversation 2Kate: Have you made plans for the summer vacation yetMark: Yes, I'm travelling around the States for three months.Janet: Three months! Wow, you're lucky! Whereabouts are you goingMark: Well, I'm flying to New York City, and then I'm working for eight weeks as a counsellor on a summer camp in upstate New York. And then I'm travelling around for about four weeks, back in time for the start of term.Kate: Where are you stayingMark: On the campsite in the mountains. It's about an hour away from New York City by bus.Kate: What are you going to do thereMark: I'll be looking after teenagers, city kids mostly. We're going swimming, rafting and canoeing, and maybe backpacking in the mountains.Janet: That sounds amazing! And after that, what are your plansMark: I'll catch the Greyhound bus to Boston, and relax in a hotel for three days. Kate: The museums in Boston are great! You absolutely must visit them.Mark: OK, I'll do that. Then I go back to New York for two days, to watch a baseball game.Kate: The New York YankeesThat's my team!Mark: Then I'm flying to Chicago for six days, to stay with some friends.Kate: And will you fly home from ChicagoMark: No, then I'll go to DC for six days to do some sightseeing. And then I'll be back a few days before the beginning of term.Janet: It sounds like a dream vacation.Unit 9Conversation 1Kate: Oh, Janet, you don't look too good. What's the matterJanet: Oh, I'm OK. I am not sleeping very well at the moment, so I'm quite tired. I fell asleep in the lecture just now.Kate: Is anything wrongJanet: Oh, I don't know. Maybe I'm worried about my end of term exams. And I've got an essay to write.Kate: Are you eating properlyI didn't see you at dinner last night.Janet: No, I've lost my appetite. I can't face any more Western food for a few days. Kate: I think you've lost some weight. Do you feel sickJanet: Mostly homesick.Kate: Have you talked to your tutorJanet: No! Why would I do thatKate: Well, it's part of his job to keep an eye on your health. Why don't you make an appointment to see the doctorJanet: But I'm all right.Kate: Do you have any other symptoms Do you have a headacheJanet: Well, I have a headache nearly all the time at the moment. And I feel a bit depressed. But it's nothing. I'll be all right. Please! Don't worry about me.Kate: You poor thing! Why don't you make an appointment to see the doctorShe'll give you a check-up; take your temperature and blood pressure, all the usual tests.Janet: Oh, I don't want to make a fuss. It's nothing.Kate: You're not making a fuss. I am! And I'm coming with you.Conversation 2Doctor: What seems to be the problemJanet: Well ...Kate: She hasn't been eating or sleeping properly. She fell asleep in the lecture this morning.Doctor: Hmm, and what did the lecturer think of thatJanet: Fortunately, he didn't see me.Doctor: OK, I'm going to ask you a few questions. How's your social lifeJanet: It's fine. I've got some really nice friends.Doctor: Have you got a boyfriendJanet: No. I don't think my parents would like me to have one while I'm at university. Doctor: And are you eating properlyJanet: Yes, I think so.Kate: She says she's a bit fed up with Western food.Doctor: OK, so you'd like some home comfort ... what's your favorite foodJanet: Fried rice!Doctor: Not much fried rice for dinner in college, is there Um, any worries about your workJanet: No. Maybe. Yes, I suppose so.Doctor: Do you have an essay crisisJanet: Yes! I haven't finished all the reading. I don't read as quickly as my friends, so it takes me a long time to write my essays.Doctor: OK, Janet. I want you to try and take a few days off. I'll have a word with your tutor and see if he can wait for your essay.Janet: OK.Doctor: If you're run down or depressed, you're more likely to catch a cold. Can you come back and see me next weekIn the meantime, I suggest you try taking some...Unit 10Conversation 1Janet: Hi!Mark: Hi!Kate: How are youMark: I'm OK, thanks. How're you guysKate: Good.Mark: Good ... Oh, that traffic! It's getting worse and worse!Kate: Tell me about it, it's awful! Don't you worry about your health when you're cycling All that pollution! Like, what are we breathing in They really should do something about it!Mark: I think they intend to — or at least they keep talking about it.Janet: Shall we go insideMark: Yea....Mark: You know, it sounds crazy, but it might be an idea to ban cars from the centre of the city. I nearly got hit by a crazy driver earlier.Kate: Are you OKMark: Yes, I'm fine.Janet: Would they really do that — ban carsMark: It's possible. It'd sort out the traffic problems. And it would reduce pollution. Janet: I don't think that would be very popular with drivers.Mark: But it would be safer for cyclists.Kate: Supposing they introduced a congestion chargeMark: Like in LondonJanet: Do you think it would stop people driving into OxfordMark: It'd stop some people.Kate: They could always extend the Park and Ride scheme.Janet: It's a good idea.Kate: If people actually use it.Mark: Hey, I haven't told you, I'm going to a meeting of the Environmental Action Group tonight.Kate: You areGood for you!Mark: Yes, I'm just concerned about the environment. I've decided to get more active, believe it or not.Janet: I guess we all should.Kate: I know, you're right ... Excuse me ...Conversation 2Janet: By the way, Mark, how did your meeting goMark: Quite interesting, actually.Janet: So what did they talk aboutMark: Uh, recycling, mostly. They have this plan ... that everyone should write to the Council. Ask them to collect more rubbish. You know, like, all the plastic, which they don't do. I'm going to write a letter this evening.Janet: ReallyYou know, I think I might go to the next meeting. I've been meaning to do something ... get more active about the environment.Mark: Yes, we all need to. Global warming, ice caps melting, pollution. Doesn't it worry youJanet: Yes, it's really frightening.Mark: Hey, it would be great if you came to the meeting, Janet. The Action Group really wants to make students more aware of what they can do to help.Janet: You know, I think everyone knows what they should do. But they don't do it — I don't do it.Mark: I'm the same. Actually, there's something we could do right now.Janet: WhatMark: There's this poster they want to put up all over the university. It tells you easy ways of saving energy. I'm looking at it, here, look ...Janet: "Use less hot water ..."Mark: They've asked us to print it out and put it up in college. You want to help me Janet: Sure! It might be an idea to ask Kate to help.Mark: Yes, let's ask her. But why don't we print it out — right nowJanet: Sure.Conversation2Voice on radio ：The news at one o’clock.Tornadoes have damaged homes in Northern England.There is still no news of missing company director, Alan Marsden.Scientists claim that global warming is accelerating. There are reports coming in of more fighting。

新世纪视听说教程2答案听力原文u n i t1(总7页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除新世纪大学英语视听说教程2unit1听力原文In this section, you will hear several conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.</text>1A: Lucy, I saw Jeff the other day on the street.B: Oh, I thought he went to New York.<She saw Jeff in New YorkShe was a friend to JeffShe didn't believe Jeff. n>She was surprised to hear that2A: Good morning, your card please.B: I'm sorry this is my first time to borrow books. Can you tell me what to do<In a school canteen.In a classroom.In a library.In a hospital.A: Good morning, sir. I'm a news reporter from <i>.</i> Now would you mind answering a few questionsB: Uh ... sure.A: What's your nameB: David Brown. My friends call me Dave.A: So, David, what do you do for livingB: I'm a real estate agent.A: That's great. And do you like your jobB: Well ... I should say yes. You know, this isn't an easy job. Spent a lot of time running around, making appointments with people. But I like it.A: Terrific. Where do you want to liveB: Uh ... that depends. Right now I want to live here because Chicago is a big city and I have my job here. But after I retire, I'd like to move to the countryside.A: Sounds interesting. Now who do you think is the most important person in your lifeB: My wife of course. She's the mother of our three sons and she's a great mother.A: That's good. Thanks very much for talking to us, David.B: You're welcome.<3 Who is the woman David talks toA newspaper editor.A news reporter.A writerA researcher.<4Where does David want to live nowIn Chicago.< >In New York.In the countryside.In a foreign country.5The most important person in David's life is _____.his fatherhis motherhis sonhis wife/>-"Section B"/>In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).-原文Friendship is not a state of mind; it's an act, a balanced relationship between people. It varies from person to person. Our friends are the people who are ready to help us during times of distress, who we share most of our thoughts with. Friendship and love are not quite the same thing, although there's a lot of love around friendship. We are always sure that our friend will understand why we acted in a certain way. We need not explain anything to our very good friends. But the main difference between love and friendship is that in love, the two individuals share a certain intimacy, which is greater than friendship. An important element in love is the physical element. No matter how close you are with your friend, it does not mean physical intimacy. In love, individuals generally have only one partner. You may have many people whom you could call friends but there exists only one person with whom you are in love. A loving relationship makes one so much attached to the other that one feels pain if the other one is hurt. Friendship may last for a lifetime as does love, but then the time spent by the individuals with each other is more exciting in love than in friendship. Life without love is like a year without spring. One could say that love is friendship plus physical closeness.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.6 Friends are people with whom _____.we spend time withwe identify ourselveswe share most of our thoughtswe talk about the past</7 What element can be found in love, but not in friendshipPhysical closeness.Emotional closenessDeep trust.Willingness to share everything.is TRUE about friends and partnersYou can have many friends and many partners.You can have many friends, but only one partner.You can have only one friend, but many partners.You can have only one friend and only one partner.9In a loving relationship, if one is hurt, the other ____.takes care of him/her >comforts him/her >spends much time with him/herfeels pain10．Life without love is like a year without _____.</text>springsummerautumnwinter原文； It is common practice to introduce people when you arestarting a friendship. Then what should you do in such introductions For the first time, introduce individuals to each other using both first and last names. If you're introducing someone who has a title like "doctor", you should include the title as well as the first and last names in the introduction. Introduce the younger or less known person to the older ormore famous person first, regardless of the sex of the individuals. However, if a considerable age difference lies between the two, it is far more polite to make introductions out of respect to age, no matter what the social rank is. If the person you are introducing has a specific relationship to you, make the relationship clear by adding a phrase such as "my boss", "my wife"or "my uncle". In the case of unmarried couples who are living together, "companion" and "partner" are good choices. If you are introducing your husband or wife, use your spouse's first and last name if he or she has a different last name than you. Include the phrase "my wife" or "my husband". Introduce an individual to the group first, then the group to the individual. For example: "Dr. Brown, I'd like you to meet my friends Kym Hsu, Shawn Kampbell and Michael Via. Everyone, this is Dr. Kurt Brown."Questions 11 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.the first time, you must include a person's ____ in introduction.last name and titlefirst name and titlesocial rankfirst name and last name12 If you are introducing a man and a woman about the same age with one more famous than the other, you should _____.introduce the man to the women firstintroduce the woman to the man firstintroduce the more famous to the less famous firstintroduce the less famous to the more famous first13. If you are introducing your unmarried partner, you can use the word _____.lover >spouse<companionbuddy14How should a man introduce his wife who has a different last name than his<Using "my wife" onlyUsing her last name and "my wife" only.Using her first name and "my wife" onlyUsing her first name, last name, and "my wife".should you introduce an individual and a group to each other Introducing everyone in the group to the individual first.Introducing the individual to the group first.Introducing the group as a whole to the individual first.Asking the people in the group to introduce themselves.In this section, you will hear several sentences. Listen carefully and then repeat.">The special person in my family is my grandfather.He’s always kind to me and supportive.We’re colleagues. We work in the same department.We’re both taking accounting this semester.My friends are important to me because I like to go out with them and I can talk to them about most things原文：Last month I received a call, and it was from a college classmate I hadn't seen for years. He said he had just settled down in Shanghai and wanted to come over to visit me. I was overjoyed at that time because he was one of my best friends in college. Then on the following weekend he visited me. That was an old buddy reunion. Sounds good, isn't it He told me he was working for a big company and that he liked his job very much. After so many years I'm surprised that the man has changed little. Still honest and humorous. And yes, he's going to be married next week and invited me to the wedding party.-<Look at the picture below, which is about Sam, the boy, and a nice interesting happened between them and became Sam's favorite memory. Suppose you are Sam and now you have grown up. Looking at the picture, you remember what happened and want to share it with us. You'll have 1 minute to prepare and another 2 minutes to complete your presentation. Now you have 1 minute to prepare.<-True or False. Watch the video clip and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).<text>People We Like Woo Sung: Hi, my name is Woo Sung Chung.Dayanne: Hi, my name is Dayanne Leal. My nickname is Day. D-A-Y.Jonathan: Hi, I'm Jonathan Najman. My nickname is Johnny.Agnes: Hi. I am Agnes Tounkara. My first name, Agnes, is spelled A-G-N-E-S.My last name is spelled T-O-U-N-K-A-R-A.Brad: My name is Brad Fotsch. My first name, Brad, is spelled B-R-A-D. My last name Fotsch, is spelled F-O-T-S-C-H.Calum: Hi. My name is Calum Docherty. I'm from Glasgow in Scotland. I'm 18 years old and I'm a student at Harvard University.Jonathan: I'm from Guatemala City, Guatemala, and I'm a computer engineer. Hana: Hi, my name is Hana Lee. I'm 20 years old. I'm a student at Boston College and l'm from Douglaston, New York.Dayanne: My favorite actor is Antonio Banderas.Woo Sung: My favorite actress is Julia Roberts.Kevin: My favorite actress is Angelina （岭师分享群4发布）Jolie becauseI think she is the most beautiful woman in the world. t><Dayanne's nickname is Day.</text>TFJonathan's nickname is Najman.TFAgnes's last name is Toukara.TFBrad's nickname is Brady.TFBrad's last name is Fotsch.TF"Section BFill in the blanks. Watch the video clip a and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.->Calum: Hi. <u>My name</u> is Calum Docherty. I'm from Glasgow in<u>Scotland</u> . I'm<u>18 years|eighteen years</u> old and I'm a student at <u>Harvard University</u> .Jonathan: I'm from Guatemala City, Guatemala, and I'm a <u>computerengineer</u> .Hana: Hi, my name is Hana Lee. I'm <u>20 years|twenty years</u> old. I'm a <u>student</u> at Boston College and I'm from Douglaston, <u>NewYork</u> . ...Kevin: My <u>favorite</u> actress is Angelina Jolie because I think she is the <u>most beautiful</u> woman in the world.（岭师分享群4发布）></。

Unit 2-Conversation 1Kate: Come in. Hey, Janet.Ja n et: Hi Kate, are you busy?Kate: Yes, I'm just doing an essay. But it's great to see you. So what's new?Janet: Well, nothing much.Kate: You look a bit fed up. What's bugging you?Janet: Well, I had a phone call from my parents and it made me feel homesick. It happens every time they call, and it gets me down.Kate: I'm sorry to hear that. I know how you feel. I love speaking to my mum and dad, but I always feel miserable after the call.Janet: My dad doesn't say much, and I want to speak to him, but I wish I knew what to say.Kate: Don't let it get to you. My dad doesn't say much on the phone either. I call, he answers the phone, and says, "Hi, I'll pass you to your mother." It's really irritating.Janet: But I miss him and my mother a lot, and I like to hear his voice.Kate: Just tell him what you're up to.Janet: Sometimes I feel as if I made a mistake leaving home and coming to Oxford. Sometimes I feel like a moody teenager.Kate: Try not to worry about it, Janet. It's normal to feel like that. I understand how you feel, but I bet everything will be fine next term. You'll get used to it. Hey, why don't you do what I do?Janet: What's that?Kate: When my dad calls, I ask him for more money! He usually says no, but at least I get to hear his voice!Janet: Maybe. I'm sorry to take up your time, Kate, but I must go now. Bye!Kate: Wait a minute ...!Unit 2-Conversation 2Kate: I think I may have upset Janet last night.Mark: What happened?Kate: She came to see me. I was busy doing an essay but I was really pleased to see her. She'd had a call fromhome, and said she was feeling homesick.Mark: Poor kid! It must be tough when you guys living so far away from home.Kate: I tried to make her laugh, told her not to worry about it, and that it was normal to feel miserable. Suddenlyshe looked miserable, and then she got up and said, "I must go now" and left my room. It was really sudden. I feltas if I'd said something wrong.Mark:Maybe she was just being polite. It was probably because she realized you were working and didn't want to disturb you.Kate: I just wonder if she found it difficult to talk about her feelings with me. Maybe I shouldn't have tried tomake her laugh? Perhaps she thought I wasn't taking her seriously.Mark: I wouldn't worry about it. Put yourself in her shoes. How would you feel if you were a student at college in China?Kate: I know. That's why I feel bad. If only she had stayed longer! I wish I could have helped her more.Janet: Hey, everyone!Mark: Hi Janet, you look cheerful!Janet: Yes, I've just got my essay back. I got an alpha minus! Kate: What an amazing grade! Well done.Mark: I'm really happy for you, Janet.Janet: I feel on top of the world!Unit 2-Outside viewSebastienHi. I'm Sebastien. I'm from Germany. Um, the idea of IQ of a measure of your brain power has been around for a while, but recently there's been this new idea of the EQ - your emotional quotient. And by now, it's actually almost being regarded as more important. If you look at it, businesses will... Well, they will prefer employing people with great EQ. Well, of course, IQ cannot be disregarded, but um, EQ does have its importance as well. Uh, I believe that, um,... I mean, people, most people will have, um, their basic means of communicating with other people. Most people are somewhat socially adept, and just like most people have, you know, a basic general knowledge. But then, what I think really is the difference between IQ and EQ, I mean, you can have a "brainiac", and they will be great at most things they do, but if you just can't get along with him, if you just can't communicate with him, I mean, you know, he's not really that useful.KimHi. This is Kim. I'm originally from Korea, and I was raised in California. And today, we are going to talk about the differences between IQ and EQ -IQ meaning your intelligence, EQ meaning your emotions. Now, in ... WhenI was, when I was a little, little boy in Korea, I had totake ... I think I'd taken like two or three IQ tests before the age often, which is when I moved to California. So, I guess we stress a lot of importance on intelligence, on having great IQ1 scores. But after I moved to the States, I learnt how to associate with people, and along the lines that this word EQ came up, you know, emotional, caring lout... It's basically how you deal with people, how you make people feel, and how people make you feel. t hink they're equally as, as important, but it seems that in the Eastern world they kind of stress on that a lot more back in the days. But Ithink again, you know, now that with Internet and people are communicating so much faster, there's a better mixtureof the two I link. There's a stress on EQ in Korea as well, and a stress on IQ in the State s. Thank you.TedHello. My name is Ted, and I'm from the United Statesof America. Today, I'm going to talk a little bit about IQ orEQ - which is most important, or which is more important. Now, for a long time when I was growing up, people said, "IQ. What's your IQ? Take an IQ test." But then EQ, your emotions, how you interact with people, that became very important. And I think they're ... that people might be onto something with that, because your EQ - how you deal with people, how you interact with people - is important. Now, a big part of this, in my opinion, is listening. I know I'm talking a lot right now, but if you want to get along well with people, you have to listen to them, so just take a minute, maybe shut your mouth for a minute, and listen to others, and then you can understand and communicate with them in a better way. So, part of EQ, I think, is listening - listening to others - and it can be more important than IQ.Unit 2-Listening inNews reportAccording to recent studies, the number one fear people have above everything else, including death, is of public speaking. People can become very anxious when they have to speak in front of an audience. The symptoms can range from slight nervousness with hands shaking or sweating to full-on panic: the heart beating very quickly, the body shaking, the inability to speak or move.The symptoms of fear of public speaking can begin before the event. People imagine that they will forget what they are going to say, or imagine that the audience will see how nervous they look and will think badly of them. The cause of their fear of public speaking is their belief that they will fail and be embarrassed.Researchers say that the fear of public speaking is associated with the fear of rejection. People who have to stand up in front of an audience believe that the audience will not like them or will not like what they say, and will reject or make fun of them.1 What is the news report mainly about?2 Why do people fear public speaking according to researchers?Passage 1Presenter We're fortunate to have as our guest today Dr Jenna Hudson, who has just written a book about how colours affect us in our surroundings, especially in the world of advertising. It's called Market Colours. Dr Hudson, which are the most common colours in advertising and marketing?Dr Hudson Well, of course, it depends what image the marketing team wish to project with their products. So for example, we often think of blue as a cold colour, but it also makes you feel peaceful, quiet, and it doesn't suggest strong emotions. So it's a favourite for banks and insurance companies, who wish to suggest the image that they are trustworthy. And for selling products, it's often used to suggest something is pure and fresh. Presenter What about red?Dr Hudson You can sell almost anything with red.It's a hot colour, which suggests a feeling of energy and even passion. It grabs your attention, and can make people buy almost anything. You often see red on magazine covers. But if you use it too much, it looks cheap and may make people tired. And orange has a similar effect to red, it's upbeat and happy, it suggests pleasant feelings and images. Most people react well to orange, and it's especially popular in advertising and on packaging for baked food.Presenter What about yellow, for instance?Dr Hudson Yellow is the colour of sunshine and it's a positive, happy colour, so it's used a lot in advertising. But it's also often used for warning signs, direction signs, and so on, where you have to read the message quickly and at a distance. Presenter What about less popular colours for advertising?Dr Hudson Surprisingly, green isn't used much in advertising except for garden products, It's friendly and restful. It can be cool and soothing, the colour of apples and mint, but it can also be quite strong and many people associate it with unpleasant ideas of decay or slimy creatures. Presenter But most colours are not primary colours, they're a combination.Dr Hudson Absolutely. So yellow-orange is common, and often used to give an impression of style and class, it looks like gold. But it's not often used in letters because it's not very strong. And yellow-green reminds people of feeling sick. Blue-green works well as a cool colour, suggesting freshness, and is sometimes used for toothpaste products, bathroom products, food and household cleaning products. It has many of the advantages of blue without the disadvantages of green. Presenter Fascinating. Thank you very much, Dr Hudson. Market Colours by Dr Jenna Hudson is on sale from next week, priced £15.99...Passage2Presenter What makes you embarrassed, Sally?Sally Oh, I'm easily embarrassed. If anybody notices me or looks at me, I get very embarrassed. When people sing me Happy Birthday on my birthday, I get very embarrassed. Presenter And what makes you upset?Sally When people are selfish, people who think only of themselves. And cruelty -I can't bear people who are cruel, especially to animals or children.Presenter Jake, what makes you depressed?Jake I hate it when it rains, and I don't like people who look down on me, who think they're superior to me without any reason.Presenter And what makes you angry?Jake When people don't behave properly in public, bad behaviour like dropping litter or people pushing each other on the bus or the train.Presenter Andrew, what makes you cheerful?Andrew I like to see everyone around me being happyand having a positive attitude towards the future, optimistic people.Presenter And what makes you jealous?Andrew Well, to be honest, I just never feel jealous. I can't see the point of it.Presenter Monica, what makes you proud?Monica I'm proud when I'm successful, especially in my work. Being recognized by my boss for what I can do makes me feel really proud. Oh, and my family. I'm very proud of them.Presenter And what makes you nervous?Monica Every time I teach a new class. Thenight before I'm very nervous. You don't know whatthe kids are going to be like and how they might behave, or if they're going to like you.Presenter Anything else?Monica Doing interviews like this.。

Unit 1Part OneEpisode 1:Kevin: Hey, girl, come on. Good to see you.Heather: How are you?Kevin: What happened today?...Kevin:That's fine. So what do you want to order? You like the pepperoni, yeah? ... (to the waitress) OK. So two Greek islands, one egg torte and one chilled juice and milk. Thank you.Heather: Do you realize that we've been together for two months now? Who would have thought that when we happened to sit next to each other in Asian History class it would lead to this!Kevin: Yeah, and this is a real change for me.Heather: Oh? You didn't date anyone steadily in high school?Kevin: No, I didn't. I was too busy with sports. My high school was so small that any of us who liked to play and wanted to could be on almost all of the teams. I played football in the fall, basketball in the winter, and baseball in the spring.Heather: But you're not playing football this fall.Kevin: No, I'm going to try out for baseball in the spring. That's what I like the best. So, when a very interesting and intelligent girl happened to sit next to me in Asian History, I decided it was time to date some if she was interested too. (He smiles broadly.)Heather: I'm glad you did. (She returns a smile.)Kevin: Did you date much in high school?Heather: Yes, I did. In fact, I had a steady boyfriend for almost two years.Kevin: What happened to him?Heather:During our senior year we both decided that since we were going to attend college in different parts of the country we should stop dating. I guess we realized that we were really quite different from each other. He wanted to get away from home, so he's in a large university out East. I wanted a small college near home, so here I am.Kevin: Lucky me! So were your parents happy with your steady boyfriend?Heather:They liked him OK, but I know they thought we spent too much time together. I think they were happy when we broke up. They really didn't say much though. They usually trust my judgment.Kevin: Had you dated much before that?Heather: A little, for school parties, movies etc., nothing serious. I usually spent more time with the girl friends. My parents didn't think I should date until I was sixteen.Kevin: Yes, I think some kids do start dating too young these days. My sister, she is fourteen and thinks she has a boyfriend. My parents tell her she's really too young to date, but they think it's OK if she goes out in a group where he's included.Heather:I guess you were around guys most of the time with all of your sports activities, but you seem comfortable being with me.Kevin:Well, I did date occasionally, but I didn't find anyone really interesting until now. (He smiles meaningfully.) Besides, I usually have to spend most of my money keeping my old car running.Heather: Would it help if we go Dutch tonight?Kevin: No, after all I invited you. Besides, I had a really good job at the gasoline station near my home last summer and was able to save up quite a bit for nights like this. So, it's my treat! Heather: OK. That's nice of you.Kevin:After we eat, are you willing to drive around the lake with me and just talk some more? Or would you rather go to a movie?Heather: It's a beautiful night so let's go for a drive. I don't think we'd like the movies that are on anyway. They're all just too silly.Kevin: Fine with me. Oh, here comes the pizza, so let's eat. (to the waitress) Thank you. Thank you.Episode 2:Xiao Mei: You are late. You've never been late before. What happened to you today?Da Ming: Oh, Xiao Mei. It's so nice to see you. I can tell you that I would not be here at all if I hadn't jumped down from the second-floor window.Xiao Mei:You jumped from the window? Tell me exactly what happened? Did you hurt yourself?Da Ming:No, I am fine, I am fine. Mum shut me up in the room. She wants me to meet her friend's daughter, the girl I mentioned to you before. She is coming and I'm supposed to see her. Mum probably thinks I am still in my room.Xiao Mei: Your mum wants you to make friends with her, then marry her, doesn't she?Da Ming: Yes, I'm afraid so, but I'm interested only in you. I think about you all the time. I will never agree to meet any other girl. I would rather die than leave you.Xiao Mei: I love you too, Da Ming. I can't imagine what my life will be like without you.Da Ming: But I don't have a cent. My family is poor and I'm penniless. I have nothing with me except for a poem I wrote for you.Xiao Mei: You wrote a poem for me? How sweet!Da Ming: Would you like me to read it to you?Xiao Mei: Of course. Please.Da Ming:It's called: “Love Is...”Listen:Love is the greatest feeling;Love is like a play;Love is what I feel for youEach and every day;Love is like a smile;Love is like a song;Love is a great emotionThat keeps us going strong.I love you with my heart,My body and my soul.I love the way I keep loving,Like a love I can't control.So remember when your eyes meet mine,I love you with all my heart,And I have poured my entire soul into you,Right from the very start.Do you like it, Xiao Mei?Xiao Mei: Yes, I like it very much. I don't need anything else as long as you keep writing poems for me.Da Ming: I will write you poems as long as I live.Xiao Mei: Now we have nothing but each other...Da Ming: But we have love. Isn't that enough?Xiao Mei: As long as we have love we'll manage somehow.Part TwoListening One*Where do I begin to tell the story of how great love can be,The sweet love story that is older than the sea,The simple truth about the love she brings to me?Where do I start?With her first hello, she gave a meaning to this empty world of mine.There'll never be another love another time.She came into my life and made the living fine.She fills my heart, she fills my heart,With very special things, with angel's songs, with wild imaginings.She fills my soul with so much love,That anywhere I go, I'm never lonelyWith her along, who could be lonely?I reach for her hand, it's always there.(Repeat the part marked with “*”.)How long does it last?Can love be measured by the hours in a day?I have no answers now but this much I can say.I know I need her till the stars all burn away,And she'll be there.Listening TwoTraditionally the heart is the part of the body where emotions come from. If you are a warm-hearted person，for example, you are kind and thoughtful towards others. If you have a heart of gold, you are a very generous person．But if you are heartless, you arc cruel and unfeeling.Of all the emotions, it is love that is the most associated with the heart. In love songs，all over the world, love almost always goes together with the heart. As the song from Titanic says，“You are here in my heart and my heart will go on and on．Love can touch us one time and last for a lifetime, and never let go till we’re gone.”Perhaps the role of the heart in love comes from what happens to it when you feel really attracted to someone．The strong feelings of attraction make your breathing speed up and your heart beat faster.Listening ThreeIn past generations，the challenge of dating was different. Men and women wanted a partner who could fulfill their basic needs for security and survival．Women looked for a strong man who would be a good bread-winner; men searched for a nurturing woman to make a home．This practice that worked for thousands of years has suddenly changed．The new challenge of dating is to find a partner who not only will be supportive of our physical needs for survival and security but will support our emotional and spiritual needs．Today we want more from our relationships．Millions of men and women around the world are searching for a soul mate to experience lasting love, happiness, and romance．It is no longer enough to just find someone who is willing to marry us，and we want partners who will love us more as they get to know us：We want to live happily ever after．To find and recognize partners who can fulfill our new needs for increased closeness，good communication，and a great love life, we need to update our dating skills.Part ThreePractice OneA Mother's LoveYou can see it in her eyesin her gaze and in her sighs.It is a mother's love.You can fee it in her touchin her tender hugs and such．It is a mother’s love．You can hear it in her wordsin her praises and bywords.It is a mother's love.She cares．She understands．She lends an ear and holds our hands．She gives us a mother's love.Practice TwoMy son’s primary school celebrates Valentine’s Day in a wonderful way. Each day throughout the month of February，the school honors each student in informal ceremonies．At the ceremony，classmates, teachers and parents get together to deliver compliments to that particular child. They believe that a child’s emotional and social skills should be developed alongside their intellectual skill．Learning to acknowledge qualities and strengths in others-and receiving that acknowledgment gracefully 一is a very important learning lesson．I know I compliment my son frequently，and certainly try to make sure he knows he is loved．But I realize that I have never actually pointed out, one by one, specific qualities that make him unique and so special to me. And how infrequently we really point out what is special in others．Sure, we say “I love you”or “thanks” regularly, but when do we take the opportunity to really and truly examine what makes a person special？What is unique and different about them?This year, the time was scheduled for my son to receive more than 40 compliments from his peers, teachers, parents, and himself. Each child had their day at the center of the circle, their friends coming up one by one to give a gift of powerful words．This year, my son heard that his thoughtfulness was appreciated，his ideas important, his expressions inspiring．He was also expected to write and deliver a compliment to each of his classmates．Practice ThreeIn the end, I had to ask my husband to read my Valentine compliment to our son. I was simply crying too hard to get the words out. Witnessing the tenderness of school-age children saying what they thought was special about my little boy proved too much for me．But I was not alone. When I warned my son I might get emotional，he said, "That's OK．Lots of parents cry．”He was right.This is what my husband read to our son on my behalf:Dear Cole,Your love of language and information has always amazed me. I love learning from you and with you. 1 admire how new words are so easily incorporated into your vocabulary. I think you are fresh and eager and loving.I admire that relationships are important to you. I like to listen to the connections you make with past experience．I think you are good at remembering.l love how you are proud of yourself when you try something new. I feel proud, too.I like how your whole body tells a story, and your expressions make me feel good. I am proud of your willingness to express your fears and appreciate the reminder that you will grow at the pace that suits you best. I love your jokes and your fondness for telling them. over and over一so I will laugh. I think you are fun to be with.I love that you are my son.I am really grateful to this school for creating a learning environment. These exercises benefit the parents as well as the kids. That, to me, is a Valentine worth giving.Practice FourI grew up in a family with six sisters. In my lifetime I have seen all of them abused by various men in their lives. Even my mother has the scars from two unsuccessful marriages.When I was a teenager, my mother shared some insights into all of their failed relationships. She explained that they really weren’t expecting to be treated as queens，but they did desire two things from the men in their lives：to be told frequently that they are loved and to be shown often that they are special．It was at that point that I decided I would be the sort of husband my morn and sisters had dreamed of but never had.When I was dating my wife-to-be I remembered those two points my mother shared with me years earlier. I admit that I struggled trying to be able to express my love in words and in action．For most men，it isn’t natural for us to be romantics．But then again，it isn’t natural for us to be millionaires or sports superstars. It does take effort, practice and diligence. But the rewards are there.Now we’ve been married for nine years．I really, truly, deeply love my wife and let her know it every day by what 1 say and what 1 do. Our friends and family members all admire us and want to know our secret.Part FourSection 1Good Old DaysLife was very different in the 1950s than it is today．Divorce was not common. Husbands went to support the whole family．Most women didn’t work and depended on their husbands’ incomes for living．Children didn’t come home after school to an empty house as many do today. Families did more things together. One of the favorite family pastimes was a drive in the country. Gas was cheap．People had big cars，and the wholefamily could ride comfortably．Before TV became popular, people talked to each other more．Children didn’t have as many toys, and they played more games together. On Saturdays the neighborhood theaters had special movies for children. The shows cost only 25 cents．People stayed at one job for most of their lives．They didn’t change jobs every year like they do today．They also lived in the same house for a long time. They didn’t move as much．Services were better in the 1950s．Doctors often came to a sick person’s house, especially if you were “sick in bed"．Milkmen delivered fresh dairy products daily to homes．There were no self-service gas stations, and attendants used to wash your car windows and check your oil free of charge.Section 2East Meets West and Loves ItHisham and I will have been married for twenty years this February．Everybody said it would not work．He is Jordanian, Muslim, and I am Italian，Catholic．We met in Florida twenty-two years ago．What we had in common was nothing except youth．He could barely speak the English language, and I thought Arabs were from India. Within a year I found out where Jordan was exactly and he could say “ I love you" in broken English．When we got married people actually placed bet、at our small wedding in my family’s dining room. They thought our relationship would not last a year. Hisharn did not tell his parents he was married for almost five years．He felt that if he failed at school his family would blame the marriage. Of course everybody, from Arabs to Americans，thought he married me to get a green card．1 knew he didn’t.I lived in his country for six years after graduation and had a son there. Through Hisham’s eyes I saw the beauty of his culture and religion and the simple ways of his people．Being from New York and living in Amman，Jordan，I still had my Christmas tree each year, my Easter eggs and even Halloween pumpkin in the window．I also took some of their ways 一cooking, methods of mothering，socializing 一and it enhanced my own character in the long run．Throughout the years，I was not the Italian girl from New York, not the American married to the Arab; I was a beautiful blended person with two children and a man who loves me．Section 3Love You and Love Your WeaknessA man had two large pots for carrying water. One pot had a crack in it, while the other was perfect. At the end of the long walk from the stream to his house, the cracked pot arrived only half full ．For two years the man had been delivering only one and a half pots full of water everyday to his house. Of course，the perfect pot was proud of itself. And the cracked pot felt ashamed and miserable because it was able to do only half of the work. After two years of failure, it spoke to the man one day．“I am ashamed of myself, and I want to apologize to you．I have been able to deliver only half my load because of this crack in my side,”the pot said. The man felt sorry for it and said, “As we return to the house, 1 want you to look at the beautiful flowers along the path．”Indeed，as they went up the hill，the cracked pot saw the sun warming the beautiful flowers on the side of the path. But it still felt bad because half of the water had run away，and again it apologized．Then the man said to the pot,“Did you see that there were flowers only on your side of the path, but not on the other pot's side? That's because I have always known about you and planted flower seeds on your side of the path，and every day you’ve watered them. For two years I have been able to pick these beautifulflowers to decorate the house.. Without you, the house would not look so beautiful．”Unit 2Part One(The telephone rings in Julia's home, and she picks up the phone.)Julia: Hello!Michael: Hello, this is Michael.Julia: Hi, Michael. How are you?Michael: I'm fine. I miss you a lot though.Julia: Me, too. Can we get together again before you leave?Michael: Yes, sure! That's why I called you.Julia: Where should we meet?Michael: Mm, how about in front of Wanghu Hotel? (Some people are talking loudly in Julia's home.) That's not far from your home.Julia: Which hotel? I didn't hear you clearly.Michael: Wanghu Hotel.Julia: OK! What time?Michael: Mm, how about 12:30, tomorrow afternoon?Julia: OK, see you then.Michael: OK. OK, see you then.(In front of Wanghu Hotel, Michael is waiting. But Julia is waiting in front of Huanhu Hotel.)Michael: (He Looks at his watch, talking to himself.) It's 1:35 now! What's wrong with her?Julia: (She Looks at everywhere, hoping to see Michael, then talking to herself.) He's always late! Michael: (He Looks at his watch again, talking to himself.) Maybe she doesn't want to see me again? Julia: (She Looks at her watch, talking to herself.) It's almost 1:45 now! Where is he? Can it be that he is waiting at Wanghu Hotel? (Julia quickly rushes to Wanghu Hotel. There she sees Michael, who stands there waiting anxiously.)(In front of Wanghu Hotel.)Michael: Hi, Julia. You are so late. How come?Julia: I'm late?! I'm not late! I was waiting somewhere else! Believe it or not, I was waiting in front of Huanhu Hotel!Michael: Oh, my goodness! I've been waiting here for one hour. How come you went to Huanhu Hotel? I told you to come to Wanghu Hotel.Julia: But it sounded like Huanhu Hotel to me! You should've pronounced it more clearly.Michael: I'm sorry, but...but it never occurred to me you would have confused the two.Julia: I wish I'd realized that sooner, so that I wouldn't have waited there for so long. You know what? When you called yesterday, my mom had a group of friends over. They were so noisy that I could hardly hear you. Michael: That's why. Then how did you figure out that it might be here—Wanghu Hotel?Julia: Did it ever occur to you that we might be waiting at two different hotels?Michael: I guess not. I thought you were delayed by traffic or something.Julia: No! You don't think. Whenever we meet, we always have one problem or another.Michael: But last Saturday was all right. We had no trouble whatsoever seeing each other.Julia: It's always me who is waiting for you.Michael: That's not true! Wasn't I waiting for you today? And do you still remember the day when we went boating? I waited for you for about half an hour!Julia: If you don't want to wait for me, then wait for someone else.Michael: Julia, it's not that. You know what I mean.Julia: You just don't love me anymore.Michael: Of course I do. That's why I'm here. If I didn't love you, I wouldn't have waited here for an hour. Julia: But you never say “I love you” any more.Michael: Do you think I have to repeat the same three words all the time? Actions speak louder than words. Julia: But if you don't say it, how do I know?Michael: Come on, Julia. Don't be childish. Are we speaking the same language? It seems to me you always get me wrong.Julia: Well, if...if I hadn't realized what had happened we would still be waiting at two different places right now!Michael: Are you saying I'm stupid? Then why did you fall in love with me, then?Julia: Because I am even more stupid than you are! (Both laugh.)Michael: Now, let's forget it. Why don't we go for a walk in the park?Julia: Sure! (They walk away hand in hand.)Part TwoListening OneMrs. Black was having a lot of trouble with her skin, so she went to her doctor. However he could not find anything wrong with her. So he sent her to the local hospital for some tests. The hospital, of course, sent the results of the tests directly to Mrs. Black's doctor. The next morning, he telephoned her to give her a list of the things that he thought she should not eat, as any of them might be the cause of her skin trouble.Mrs. Black carefully wrote all the things down on a piece of paper, which she then left beside the telephone while she went out to a meeting.When she got back home two hours later, she found her husband waiting for her. He had a big basket full of packages beside him, and when he saw her, he said, “He llo, dear. I have done all your shopping for you.”“Done all my shopping?” she asked in surprise. “But how did you know what I wanted?” “Well, when I got home, I found your shopping list beside the telephone,” answered her husband, “so I went down to the shops and bought everything you had written down.”Of course, Mrs. Black had to tell him that he had bought all the things the doctor did not allow her to eat!Listening TwoAmerican and British people both speak English, of course, but sometimes it does not seem like the same language. In fact, there are some important differences between British and American English.First of all, they sound very different. Often, Americans don't say all the letters in each word. For example, Americans may say “I dunno” instead of “I don't know”, or they may say “Whaddya say?” instead of “What do you say?”Sound is not the only difference between British and American English. The two languages have different words and expressions for some things. For example, some words for clothing are different. Americans use the word “sweater”, but the British say “jumper”. Americans wear “vests” over their shirts, but British people wear “vests” under their shirts. Americans talk about “pants” or “slacks”, but the British talk about “trousers”. The British chips are American French fries. A British chemist is an American drugstore. In Britain, if you are going to telephone friends, you “ring them up”. In America, you “give them a call”.There are also some differences in grammar. For example, Americans almost always use the helping verb “do” with the verb “have”. They might say, “Do you have an extra pen?” The British often ask the question a different way. They might say, “Have you got an extra pen?” These differences can be confusing when you are learning English. But when the same language is used in different places, it is understandable that it changes in each place.Listening Three(Mr. and Mrs. Jones are having a conversation one evening while Mrs. Jones happens to be looking at some of the textbooks her daughter, who is in the fifth grade, is using.)Mrs. Jones:Listen to what this book says. It really makes me angry! When talking about the settling of the western part of the U.S., it says, “MEN by the thousands headed west.” Then on the very same page it says, “The average citizen in the United States is proud of HIS heritage.” Mr. Jones: What's wrong with that? It's true. I don't understand why you are angry.Mrs. Jones: Why? Because women are left out!Mr. Jones:Everyone knows when the author says “men” or “his” in those sentences that the author means to include women.Mrs. Jones: I think you are wrong. When young people read these sentences, they simply do not form a mental image which includes females.Mr. Jones: Mm. Do you have other examples?Mrs. Jones:Yes I do! This book mentions “MAN-made improvements that have raised America's standard of living”. A child will not think that females as well as males have made contributions when reading this.Mr. Jones: I still don't think it's very important.Mrs. Jones: Of course you don't! You're a man. But don't you want our daughter and other little girls to have the idea that they can be important citizens in their country, just as other women have been in the past?Mr. Jones: Well, I guess you're right. I hope not all textbooks are like that.Part ThreePractice OneWalking down the street, a dog saw an ad in an office window. “Help wanted. Must type 70 words a minute. Must be computer literate. Must be bilingual. An equal-opportunity employer.” The dog applied for the position, but he was quickly refused. “I can't hire a dog for this job,” the office manager said. But when the dog pointed to the line that read “An equal-opportunity employer”, the office manager sighed and asked, “Can you type?” Silently, the dog walked over to a typewriter and typed a letter without a mistake. “Can you operate a computer?” the manager inquired. The dog then sat down at a computer, wrote a program and ran it perfectly.“Look, I still can't hire a dog for this position,” said the office manager. “You have fine skills, but I need someone who's bilingual. It says so right in the ad.”The dog looked up at the manager and said, “Meow.”Practice TwoThere are about 5,000 languages in the world, and the one with the most number of speakers is Mandarin, with about 650,000,000 native speakers. English has around 350,000,000 native speakers.One of the most common surnames in the world is Zhang: There are about 350,000,000. Smith is the most common English surname: There are around 80,000 in England and Wales and an estimated 2,382,509 in the United States.The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary, which has 20 volumes, 21,728 pages, 290,500 main entries, and around 59,000,000 words. It lists the definitions of around 615,000 words. The Webster's International Dictionary lists about 450,000 words.The chemical name for a protein that has 1,913 letters is considered to be the longest word in English.Practice ThreeRamon Romero is a seventeen-year-old boy from Bolivia. He speaks Spanish and a little bit of English.Ramon lives in the United States now, in Little Rock, Arkansas, with the Hutchinsons. They are not his real family. His real family is back in Bolivia. They cannot come to America because they have jobs and duties in their country and aren't able to leave. However, they do want their son to have an American education and be fluent in English.He misses his family and wishes to see them. It seems that no one understands his true feelings. It is difficult to listen to English all the time and then to express his thoughts in English. His American family is very nice to him and helps him in every way. In return, Ramon does little things to help the family. For instance, he takes the dog for a walk every morning and every evening.When he comes back from the morning walk, he tells Mrs. Hutchinson about the weather. This tells her how to dress her four-year-old son. On Tuesday, Mrs. Hutchinson ask s, “How is the weather today?”Ramon answers, “It rain.”“No, Ramon, in English we say, 'It's raining.'”On Wednesday, it rains again.“It's raining today,” reports Ramon.On Thursday, it snows. On Friday, the sun finally shines. Ramon is very happy that he doesn't have to wear boots or carry an umbrella. He comes into the house with a big smile on his face. “How's the weather today?” asks Mrs. Hutchinson.“Oh, today I am very happy,” replies Ramon. “There is no weather.”Practice FourNick: Hi, Dieter. OK?Dieter: Oh, hi, Nick. Yes, I'm fine, except that I had a big problem ordering my drink. I didn't think my English was so bad!Nick: Your English is very good! What kind of problem?。

Unit 1OutsideviewConversation 1Li:What a wonderful view! This is such a great city!Do you ever get tired of living in London, Andy? A;"When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life, for there is in London all that life can afford"Li:That's a quotation by Samuel Johnson, isn't it?A:Correct,so do you have any plans when you finish at Oxford?Li: I've got another year to go and then I suppose I'll go back home.A; And you will find a job?Li:I think I have to do my Master's before I look for work.But I must admit London is very special.Do you think you would ever leave London?A:Sure, I'd love to come to china one day, and I like traveling. But i think I'll always come back here.Li:Well, your roots are here and there are so many opportunities.A;But have you ever thought of living in London for a year or two?Li:Yes, but what could I do here? I had planned to become a teacher.But i have often thought if there was a job i could do here in publishing,maybe as an editor, I'll go for it.A:That's sounds like a great idea.I think that would really suit youLi:Maybe I should update my CV and send it to one or two publisher.A:Don't make it look too goodLi:Why not?A;Well,if you enjoy working with London Time Off, we don't want you working with anyone elseLi:Oh, working with you and Joe it's great fun and really interesting. I couldn't think of a better way to find out about a cityA;So maybe you should think about applying for a job with usLi:But do you think I'd stand a chance(有可能，有希望)?I mean, I'm not sure if Joe likes meA:Don't even think about it!Joe is very straight talking and I promise you that you'd know if he didn't like you. Li:Perhaps we should both update our CVs and look for jobs togetherA:Hey,right!That would be fun.Li:What a wonderful view! This is such a great city!Do you ever get tired of living in London, Andy?李：多美的景色！这是一个伟大的城市！你是否厌倦了伦敦的生活，安迪？A;"When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life, for there is in London all that life can afford"一；“当一个人厌倦了伦敦，他就厌倦了生活，因为伦敦拥有生命可以负担得起”Li:That's a quotation by Samuel Johnson, isn't it?李：这是塞缪尔约翰逊的一句话，不是吗？A:Correct,so do you have any plans when you finish at Oxford?答：正确，那么你有没有什么计划，当你完成在牛津？Li: I've got another year to go and then I suppose I'll go back home.李：我有一年去，我想我会回家的。

Unit 3-Conversation 1Kate: Are you on your way to the boathouse?Janet: No. What's happening?Kate: There's a practice race to help choose who will row on the college team. Mark really wants a place on the team, so he has to row well today. And I'm going to watch. Janet: Well, I'd like to, but I have an essay to finish. Kate: That's too bad! I know how you feel.Janet: Maybe I can come later?Kate: Sure. I'm thinking of having lunch in the boathouse bar, and then watching the rowing all afternoon.Janet: How do I get to the boathouse?Kate: It's easy. Can you see where we are on the map? Here, look!Janet: OK, which way round are we standing? ... Yes, got it! Kate: OK, go down Catte Street, and turn right into the High Street. Go along the High Street and turn left into St Aldates. Walk along St Aldates, past Christ Church College until you get to Folly Bridge.Janet: I see.Kate: Then when you get to the bridge, cross over the river ... turn left and walk along the river bank. Keep going along the river ... And you're there! The boathouses are on the right, and the Hertford College Boathouse is the last one along. You can't miss it.Janet: Thanks. I'm looking forward to seeing the rowing. Kate: No problem. We shouldn't miss the rowing —it's a great university tradition!Janet: I know, Mark was telling me.Kate: Like the boat race between Oxford and Cambridge universities every year.Janet: Of course! The great rivals!Kate: The Boat Race has been going for years, maybe nearly 200 years.Janet: And Oxford won it this year!Kate: Yes, but Cambridge was very close behind. Anyway see you later, down by the river.Janet: Bye.Unit 3-Conversation 2Kate: So the rules are ... the boats follow each other and the one behind has to bump the one in front ... just like that one has done.Janet: Is that Mark's boat?Kate: Yes! Look, his boat is about to bump the one in front! Well done!Mark: Hi you guys!Kate: Fantastic, Mark. You were amazing!Mark: Well,we won the practice race, but I'm worried about getting a place on the team.The problem is that there are at least three other people on the team who have rowed before.And I can't help thinking that they were better than me.Janet: Don't worry, Mark. Everything will be OK. Mark: And then I hurt my knee getting into the boat. Janet: Oh, I'm so sorry!Kate: Too bad, but it's only a scratch. Listen up, Janet is right. No need to get nervous, Mark. You were the strongest looking guy in the boat today. Chill out!Mark: Hey, they're putting the team list on the door. Janet: Let's go over and see.Mark: No, you go! I can't bear to look!Kate: OK.Kate: Hey, Mark, great news! You got a place on the college team!Janet: Congratulations!Kate: That's great, Mark, you deserve it. You trained so hard. Mark: I can't believe it!Unit 3-Outside viewPart 1Narrator: A historic moment, and yet he made it so easy.Usain Bolt became the first man to successfullydefend both the 100- and 200-meter Olympic sprinttitles, and he went on to anchor Jamaica’s winningrun in the four by 100 hundred meters relay inworld record time. At the end of that race, Bolt gavea nod to another track star with a “Mobot” gesture,signature of Mo Farah, who became only theseventh person ever to win the 5000 and 10000double, in front of an ecstatic home crowd.Mo Farah: I t’s not going to affect me, I’m the same to old Mo, nothing’s going to change. It just means you’vegot two good medals and…but something you’veworked so hard for, I’m ju st going to enjoy it. Narrator:Also a legend in the making, Kenyan David Rudisha, who smashed the 800 meters record whichhad stood since 1976.Swimmer Michael Phelps broke anotherlong-standing record. He became the world’s mostsuccessful Olympian with 22 medals, 18 of themgold, breaking the record set in 1968. His lastpodium before retiring was an emotional moment. Phelps: Yeah, as soon as I stepped up, ah, onto the podium, I…I could feel the tears starts coming. And, youknow, I said to Natha n, I said, “Uh-oh, here theycome. This could be…this could be pretty brutal uphere.” And they just started coming. And I tried tofight it but then I just…I just decided just to let itgo.Part 2Narrator:Tears too for cyclist Chris Hoy, who became Bri tain’s most successful Olympian, with six golds.And then there were also moment of anguish andfrustration. China’s star hurdler Liu Xiang crash outof his second consecutive Olympics, and Brazil’sfootballers once again failed to lift gold.These games were also marked by women.Teenagers Ye Shiwen, Katie Ledecky and MissyFranklin set record times in the pool. Saudi Arabia,Brunei and Qatar sent female athletes foe the firsttime. Women’s boxing became an Olympic sport.And British poster girl Jessica Ennis gave the homenation a defining moment when she took heptathlongold. She was at the forefront of the team GB’sbiggest medals haul of modern times, coming thirdin the medal table. The United States regained theirplace at the top, with China coming second. Forsome though, it wasn’t about the medals. But it’sthe taking part that counts.Unit 3-Listening inNews reportThere’s a new fitness trend in Australia called “crunning”. It’s a new sport that combines crawling and running that involves using your hands and feet on the ground. The idea was started by Melbourne resident Shaun McCarthy, and he hopes it will spread to other countries.McCarthy can’t prove that crunning is more beneficial than traditional running. However, he believes that it is a better way to exercise because it involves using your upper body as well as your lower body. Therefore it provides a complete body workout. He also said that crunning burns more calories than running.Experts aren’t sure if crunning is actually a s afe exercise for people. Unlike animals, humans are not built to move on all four limbs. People’s wrists are not as strong as their ankles, and crunning can place a large amount of pressure on the wrists as well as their elbows and shoulders. It could result in an injury to the lower back, shoulders, elbows or wrists.1 What do we learn about the new sport?2 What do experts think about the new sport?Passage 1Speaker 1And David Seaman is in goal for the England team down to our right... it's difficult to get used to the change of team colours here ... I'm looking at the white shorts and thinking they're English players, but they're not. For this match it's the Germans who are wearing white. I hope the English players don't have the same problem, we don't want them to pass the ball to the Germans. Now Gascoigne for England passes to McManaman for the first time ... McManaman is immediately surrounded by three German defenders ... he brings the ball to the near side of the pitch ... still McManaman for England, crosses the ball to Pearce ... Pearce takes a shot! ... saved by the German Ziegler, and picked up by Ince only 25 yards away from the German goal... good effort by Ince, aims at the goal! ... and Kopke, the German goalkeeper pushes the ball over the top of the goal. So a comer kick for England. Speaker2 A great shot by Ince, I'm sure he knows that Pearce set that up for him, but Kopke put the shot out of danger.Speaker 1 He does like to punch the ball, that Kopke in the German goal... England's first corner of this semi-final... Gascoigne will take it... Here comes the comer kick from Gascoigne ... and Shearer's there and Alan Shearer scores for England ... England have scored after only two minutes' play ... with a comer kick by Gascoigne ... aimed at the near post, and Alan Shearer heads the ball into the German goal ,.. It's an absolute dream start for the semi-final ... Shearer has got his fifth goal of the tournament... Would you believe it? It's England one, Germany nil!Passage 2Matt Now it's time for Critic's Choice,with news and reviews about the latest films. Good evening, Jack, seen anything good at the cinema this week?Jack Good evening Matt, yes, I've seen one of the best sports films of recent years.Matt Sports films? That's not usually a type of film which appeals to you.Jack You're right, but this time it's different. I've been to see a film about mountain climbing, it's not really your typical sports film. It's more man against the mountain.Matt Tell us more.Jack I've been to see Touching the Void, which is the story of a pair of mountain climbers in the Peruvian Andes.Matt Is it a true story?Jack Yes, it is. In 1985, Joe Simpson and Simon Yates set out to climb the 7,000-metre Siula Grande mountain in the Peruvian Andes. Simpson and Yates were young, fit and confident they would succeed.Matt So what happens?Jack Simpson and Yates' style of climbing involved moving quickly up a mountain with very few supplies and no base camps, which is risky. You can't make any mistakes. Matt I think I can guess what happens next.Jack And sure enough after climbing well for three and a half days, disaster strikes. Simpson falls and breaks his right leg. With no food or water, the climbers know they have to get off the mountain - fast. Yates is determined to find a way to get his friend home, and he has to lower Simpson down the mountain. Simpson is in agony, but Yates has no choice except to ignore his partner's cries of pain because otherwise he'll die.Well, for a while, things go well. But suddenly Simpson, at the end of the rope, fails to respond to Yates' signal. Yates is unable to move any further and has no idea why Simpson is not responding. So Yates holds on with all of his strength, all too aware that eventually his strength would give out and both would fall.But what Yates doesn't know is that he has lowered Simpson over the edge of a crevasse. Simpson is hanging in mid-air from the vertical face of the mountain. He's unable toclimb back up the rope and he's got frostbitten fingers and can't communicate with Yates above him.Matt So what happens?Jack Well, I don't want to spoil the ending for anyone who hasn't seen it yet.Matt But...Jack But Yates hangs onto the rope for an hour, getting weaker. For any climber, cutting the rope that binds him to his partner is unthinkable.Matt Sounds very exciting. So what about the direction and the filming?Jack The director is Kevin Macdonald, and he tells the story by cutting from interviews to shots of the climb itself. But it's the message of the film which interests me. You see, in the end, the impression left by the film is astonishment that a human being could do what Joe did, which is to survive. Matt Thanks Jack, this week's Critic's Choice is Touching the Void, on general release in all cinemas from next Week.。

新视野大学英语( 第三版) 视听说教程 2 听力原文新视野大学英语( 第三版) 视听说教程 2 听力原文Unit 1Life is a learning curveListening to the worldSharingScriptsH = Hina; W1 = Woman 1, etc.; M1 = Man 1, etc.Part 1H: I have a full-time job but I like learning new things in my spare time. At the moment, I' m studying Spanish. I ' m enjoying it but I 'm finding it quite difficult. Today we 're asking people about learning new things.Part 2W1: I 'm learning to speak another language, actually. I ' m learning French. I ' m also learning, er, to drive.W2: I ' m learning to play golf at the moment. Um, my husband and my son play golf, and when we go on holiday, I feel that I want to be able to play with them.W3: I ' m learning to speak Spanish.W4: I am learning Arabic.M1: Well, I ' ve been learning to play the guitar for about 50 years now. And it ' s a constantprocess, so still learning bits, yes.W5: I 'm learning yoga at the moment, and I ' m finding it quite hard.M2: The courses I 'm taking are, are training courses for leadership, er, negotiation, (and) evaluation.M3: I ' m learning Swahili.W6: At the moment, I ' m learning to paint and draw in evening classes for adults.W7: I ' m studying part-time after work.M4: I ' ve er, just learned how to er, do a lot of kayaking.W8: I am learning how to design a website at the moment.W9: I ' m in a choir so singing, I guess, is pretty much the only thing I ' m doing at the moment.M5: At the moment, I'm taking up a new instrument. It 's a traditional instrument from Zimbabwe, and it ' s called the mbira. Er, let me show you.Part 3H: What ' s the most difficult thing you ' ve ever learned?M5: Patience, I think.W4: Arabic.M2: Courage.W3: Learning a language is particularly difficult for myself (me), so probably learning the Spanish.W6: The most difficult thing I have ever learned is Mandarin Chinese. I did it in evening classes a few years ago and I found it really, really difficult.W5: Probably capoeira, which is a Brazilian dance, martial art, fight thing. It ' s a combination of all of these things. And yes, that was very difficult because there were lots of unusual body movements to learn.W1: Learning to drive was the most difficult thing.M3: Well, I learned some Sanskrit, and that 's got um, nine cases, two more than Latin. It 's quite difficult by most standards.M4: I think I found French very hard at school.W2: Um, I learned to play the trumpet at school. That was pretty difficult. Er ... and maybe learning to drive. I hated learning to drive.ListeningScriptsP = presenter; S = SallyP: Hi. You 're listening to Ask the Expert and in today 's program we're talking about languages and how to learn a language. Our expert today is Sally Parker, who is a teacher. Hi Sally. S: Hello.P: Sally, our first question today is from Andy. He says, 've just started“le I arning English. Myproblem is that I 'm too frightened to speak. My grammar is not very good, so I 'm worried about saying the wrong thing. ” Have you got any advice for Andy?S: OK. Well, the first thing is I think Andy should practice speaking to himself.P: Speaking to himself? I 'm not sure that' s a good idea.S: I know it sounds silly, but talking to yourself in a foreign language is a really good way to practice. You don't have to feel embarrassed, because nobody can hear you. You can talk to yourself about anything you like - what you had for breakfast, where you' re going for the weekend -anything. And the more you do it, the more you will get used to hearing your own voice and your pronunciation, so you won ' t feel so frightened in the classroom. Andy should try it. P: Hm, I suppose so. Anything else? What about his grammar?S: He has only just started learning English, so he is going to make lots of mistakes, but that ' s not a problem. That' s how he' ll learn. Andy shouldn ' t worry about making mistakes. P: You' re right. So Andy, try talking to yourself, and don ' t worry about making mistakes.Our next problem comes from Olivia in Brazil. She is worried about pronunciation. She says, “ The problem is I can ' t understand native speakers. They speak so fast and I can ' t understand their pronunciation. ” So Sally, any ideas for Olivia?S: Well, first of all it ' s a good idea for her to practice her listening skills. She should listen to English as much as possible to get used to how it sounds. Listen to the news, listen to podcasts, (and) watch English television.P: OK - that' s a good idea.S: And another thing she should do is to focus on listening and reading at the same time. If you listen to something on the Internet, you can often read the transcript. If you listen and read at the same time, it' ll help you see what the words sound like and how the words sound when a native speaker is talking.P: Great. Thank you, Sally. Well, huh, I ' m afraid that' s all we have time for today, but next week we' ll be …ViewingScriptsN = Narrator; I = Ian Deary; W1 = Woman 1, etc.; M1 = Man 1, etc.N: Recent research into the history of IQ tests in Scotland suggests your IQ score might predict, to an extent at least, your health and even your life expectancy.W1: You have 45 minutes to do the test, OK?M1: OK.N: Bill and Davina are 79 years old. This is the second time they 've done this test. The first time was in 1932, when every 11-year-old in Scotland was put through an intelligence test. It 's the only time this kind of mass testing has ever been done in the UK. The results were rediscovered recently in an Edinburgh basement. If you want to know how our intelligence changes as we get older, these results are a potential goldmine.I: We brought hundreds of people back and we got them to sit the exact same test that they had sat when they were aged 11. Now, these people are now 79 or 80 years old. We gave the same instructions. We gave the same test. And we gave the same time limit.M2: It was a little stickier than I thought it would be.M3: I walked through it quite happily, quite honestly.W2: I felt I must have been very bright at 11 if I sat that exam and passed.N: There were some intriguing results. Almost everyone had a better score at 80 than they did at11. But some had gone from being just averagely intelligent to a much higher level.I: Now, that 's what really drives our research. We 're interested in: Why have those people who ' ve gone (people gone) from IQ 100, at age 11, up to 110 or 120? What have they done right? What can be the recipe for successful aging? We ' re finding that the person with more education,even though they had the same IQ in childhood, is doing slightly better in old age, on average. The person who had a more professional job, in old age, is doing slightly better on average than the person who had a manual job, despite the fact that they started at the same level. The people who smoked have got slightly less good mental ability than you would expect.N: What ' s even more remarkable is that the kids who had higher IQ scores at 11 are the very ones still alive today. So it seems high IQ in childhood is good for survival.Speaking for communicationRole-playScriptsA: Ah, OK, so we need to think of the best ideas for taking tests.B: Yep.A: Er, well, how about this one? It 's a good idea to study with friends at the same time each day. B: Mm, in my opinion, this is a really good idea. You can make it a regular part of your daily life.A: You mean like having breakfast at the same time, lunch at the same time, studying at the same time.B: Yes. And also I think it helps when you study with friends.A: Yeah, I, I think it ' s more motivating.B: And you can actually talk to someone, not just look at books. I find that if I ' m only reading my notes it ' s easy to lose concentration. I start thinking about other things. But when you are talking to someone, it really helps you concentrate. So, yes, I agree with this one.A: OK. Another idea is not to eat too much before the exam.B: Oh, really?A: Mm, when I eat a lot, I get sleepy.B: Oh, I see. I think it depends. Because if you don ' t eat enough, you start to feel hungry in the middle of the exam.A: Mm, that ' s true.B: And then you can ' t concentrate.A: Yeah, that 's true.B: So, I ' m not sure about this advice, for me. As I said, I think it depends. I always try to eat a good meal before an exam. I'm so nervous that I never get sleepy.A: Hm. OK. What other ideas do you have?B: Well, there ' s one thing I always do before an exam.A: What ' s that?B: I go to bed early the night before.A: Right.B: I always try to sleep for eight hours the night before the exam.Further practice in listeningShort conversationsScriptsConversation 1W: It is the third time my paper has been rejected by journals because of language problems. M: You know, there is a writing center on campus. I had never got a grade better than C for any of my term papers before they helped me out.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?Conversation 2M: You said you would choose Spanish as your second foreign language. Why did you finally choose French instead?W: My grandfather speaks fluent French and he says that French is a language that any truly cultured person must know.Q: Why does the woman choose to learn French?Conversation 3W: You seem to have no problem understanding native speakers now. How about Dr. Brown ' s speech last night?M: Excellent. But it was still too fast for me to follow, especially when Dr. Brown talked about those abstract theories.Q: What did the man do last night?Conversation 4M: It seems to me that Melissa is in a bad mood today. What ' s wrong with her?W: Melissa forgot to bring her identification card yesterday and she was not allowed to enter the contest. You know she had prepared for the contest for months.Q: What made Melissa unhappy?Conversation 5W: I think my time at school is wasted because it is just studying books and doing tests. M: But you also learn new ideas and new ways of thinking. And more importantly you meet people and develop your understanding of people at school.Q: What does the man think of the woman ' s opinion?Long conversationScriptsM: Miranda, let ' s speak about your performance in class. You ' re not participating; you ' re careless with your assignments and often hand them in late. You don ' t want to be here, do you?W: I'm sorry Dr. Smith. It ' s just ---ve got lots of things to do. I ' m studying Web design and I'm a first-class player on our golf team. It 's hard to see why I need to take a Spanish language class!M: Well, I ' m sorry you feel that way, but learning another language can improve your performance in all of your efforts. And it can be very useful sometimes, for instance, when you visit your father in Mexico.W: Gosh! What do you mean, professor? Just because my father does business in Mexico I ' m supposed to learn Spanish -on top of everything else I have to learn? It ' s just too much! And if I don' t spend enough time on the golf course, I won ' t remain a first-class player on the golf team.I still don ' t see why I should learn a language that' s so hard for me. There are no verb tenses on the golf course or in Web design!M: Listen Miranda, I ' ve known your father since we were students at university 20 yearsago - and have known you since you were a little girl. Of course, there are no verb tenses in golf or Web design. But I am giving you good advice. Please listen.W: Yes, of course, you ' re like my favorite uncle.M: Your brain isn ' t like a cup that has water flowing over its edge when it is full. Instead, it ' s like a muscle. Learning Spanish exercises your brain in new ways, making it stronger. It will strengthen your critical thinking skills and creativity.W: Really?! Then I guess I can give it a try.Passage 1ScriptsI began learning Spanish when I was in high school, using a traditional academic method ofstudying verbs, sentence structures, and grammar by using textbooks and not much else. I found it very easy to learn, but was frustrated with the slow pace and repetitive nature of all my Spanish classes. So I worked extra hard in my spare time and asked my teacher if I could skip a level by the end of the semester.This was unsuccessful, however, because the school was not willing to test me or otherwise prove that I could be successful in the top level after skipping a level. This made things even more frustrating, as then I was stuck in a class where I already knew the material!Then I went on to college where I then used the language extensively both in and out of the classroom. I studied Spanish literature, culture, and linguistics and very much enjoyed the cultural and linguistic elements, but found the in-depth study of literature a very unbalanced way to study Spanish.I got a lot out of using my Spanish outside of the classroom, including a trip to Mexico with a church group, where I found myself acting as an interpreter. It was certainly challenging, but it was also a lot of fun.I then also volunteered to be an interpreter in the community schools and also used my Spanish to teach English to some Spanish speakers. This is probably where I learned the most!Q1: What do we know about the speaker ' s Spanish learning experience in high school?Q2: What made the speaker feel frustrated while leaning Spanish in high school?Q3: What did the speaker say about her study of Spanish literature in college?Q4: Which experience benefited the speaker most in terms of her use of Spanish?Passage 2Scripts and answersHave you ever heard of homeschooling? It is a legal choice for parents in most countries to provide their children with a learning environment as an 1) alternativeto public or private schools outside the home. Parents cite 2) numerousreasons for homeschooling their children. The three reasons that are selected by the majority of parents in the United States are the concern about the 3) traditionalschool environment, the lack of religious or moral instruction, and the dissatisfaction with the 4) academicinstruction at public and private schools. Homeschooling may also be a factor in the choice of parenting style. Homeschooling can be a choice for families living in isolated 5) countrysideor living briefly abroad. Also many young 6) athletesand actors are taught at home. Homeschoolers often 7) take advantage ofeducational opportunities at museums, libraries, community centers, athletic clubs, after-school programs, churches, parks, and other community resources. 8) Secondaryschool level students may take classes at community colleges, which typically have open admission policies.Groups of homeschooling families often join up together to create homeschool co-ops. These groups typically meet once a week and provide a classroom environment. These are familycentered support groups whose members seek to pool their talents and resources 9) in a collectiveeffortto broaden the scope of their children 's education. They provide a classroom environment where students can do hands-on and group learning such as performing, science experiments, art projects, foreign language study, spelling contests, discussions, etc. Parents whose children take the classes 10) serve asvolunteers to keep costs low and make the program asuccess.Unit 2 Journey into the unknownListening to the worldSharingScriptsF = Finn; W1 = Woman 1, etc.; M1 = Man 1, etc.Part 1F: I 've spent a lot of time living in different countries so there isn 't one place I think of as home.I 've lived in Scotland and Poland and China. I love going to new places and learning about new cultures. Today, I' m asking people about travel.Part 2W1: I love travel. It ' s one of my passions.M1: Well, I enjoy it a lot. I have traveled to India several times. I lived there, and I 've lived here, and I' ve been to Istanbul once and I enjoyed that very much.W2: I ' ve done quite a bit of traveling on holidays and stuff. I think it ' s good, good experience.W3: You get to meet different people coming from different backgrounds, and that' s really important to get an understanding.M2: It ' s always just nice to get out and experience a different culture and different lifestyle.W4: I get very excited about the thought of going to most countries, any country.W5: I love to travel to different countries.M3: Absolutely love traveling. I ' ve been traveling for about two and a half years solid now.W6: I 've been to Turkey. I've been to Egypt. I've been to Malta.M4: I work as an expedition leader and so I actually operate in different countries around the world, many places outside the United Kingdom.Part 3F: What do you like about traveling?M3: I thi nk you mature a lot whe n you travel. You, er, you lear n … oh, just completely differe ntexperiences to what you're used to at home.W6: I like the airport experience. I love that.M5: I like the arrival more than the traveling.W5: To see art especially. We love to see theater in other countries.M4: You see some, some of the most beautiful scenery around the world which you wouldn 't experience in other countries.M2: I just really like getting out there and experiencing a different culture, getting far away from,you know, what we ' re used to in Australia, and meeting new people.W4: The anticipation of being in a new place, of seeing very different things, er, of hearing adifferent language, (and) of eating different food. Everything that travel has to offer.Part 4F: What don ' t you like?W6: I don't like long flights.W3: I suppose plane journeys aren 't always the most exciting of things.W1: Flying. I don 't particularly like flying, but it 's a necessity when you live in Ireland, you know.M2: I suppose the biggest problem I have with traveling is living out of a suitcase.W4: In all honesty, I actually see the whole travel as an adventure in itself. So, er, when, when I was backpacking, and we all … we ran out of money, or we were in dangerous situations, I actually quite enjoyed that.M4: You spend a lot of time outside the United Kingdom, and the disadvantage of that is, that you, you tend to miss families and frien ds. I miss out on normal things in life, so 've been (I)outside the United Kingdom for two thirds of the year. I 'd say that's the main disadvantage.W5: The hardest thing for me is that I am handicapped. And so sometimes getting around, especially very old cities, is very difficult.M5: My wife 's usually late for … getting to the airport.'IttwuanstinlI, I got married I actually started missing flights.ListeningScriptsOne place that I think everyone should have the chance to see is Venice. But the problem is that this beautiful and charming city is slowly sinking. Ever since the 14th century engineers have tried to work out a way to stop the floods in Venice, but so far nobody has managed. Sometimes there are as many as 40 floods per year between March and September, and Venice is actually sinking at a rate of two and a half inches every decade. It 's very possible that your grandchildren, and their grandchildren will never have the chance to see this fragile city. Everyone should have the chance to enjoy the city, to walk across its famous bridges, through its ancient squares. There are no cars in Venice, and many people think it helps this to be one of the most romantic cities in the world. So, can it be saved?Well, they are trying. Barriers are being put in to try and stop the water getting too high. This is viewed as a temporary measure, although they should last 100 years, so the problem is finding a permanent solution. If you want my advice, go there while you still can, and then together we can put pressure on the government to spend the money it needs to find a permanent way to keep this beautiful and historic city for future generations. We have an opportunity now to save this city, and we must, before it's too late.ViewingScriptsV = Voice-over; M1 = Man 1, etc.; JL = Joanna Lumley; W1 = Woman 1, etc.;EH = Eamonn Holmes; JJE = Jocelyn Jee Esien; AF = Alex Fraser;JP = John Palmer; MJ = Melanie Jones; LS = Lucy Sassoon; Vs = V oicesV: There are so many amazing places to see around the world. Here are some of your favorites. Welcome to Bangkok! With over six million people, it 's big, it's busy and you love it! It 's very good for shopping and the nightlife is great, too.M1: It ' s got lots of clubs, bars, shops, food … Everything you need, really.V: There are 400 temples in Bangkok, so Bangkok is an important place for Buddhists around the world, and tourists love to visit the temples, too.V: You also love the Masai Mara in Kenya. It' s a fantastic place to watch animals: zebras, elephants, antelope, hippos, and lions. You can see them all. So, why is it so special?JL: Huge open spaces, fantastic animals, just wide open freedom, warmth, friendliness, and all underneath the great African skies.V: Now a popular, romantic city … the city of lights, Paris.W1: To me, Paris is elegant, romantic and expensive.W2: Go in the spring and enjoy the art galleries.V: And enjoy the views of the city from the top of the Eiffel Tower.V: Back to Africa now, South Africa. Yes, it' s Cape Town. And behind Cape Town is the 1,000-meter-high Table Mountain, with its fantastic views.EH: Cape Town is one of my top three places on earth.JJE: Friendly people, loads of beaches, and the food is unbelievably cheap.M2: We went there um, over New Year and it was lovely. I mean, just a lovely, lovely place.EH: Great place, Cape Town.V: You love the mountains and beaches that make Cape Town so special. And these little guys —the penguins.V: This is the big mom ent: the number one place to see before you die. Your favorite is … theGrand Canyon! The Grand Canyon is an amazing place. You can read about the Grand Canyon and you can look at photographs and videos, but nothing can prepare you for the real thing.AF: There is so much to see that you never stop seeing something new.JP: The colors are just so … amazing.MJ: With every changing inch of the sunset, the colors in the canyon change.LS: I remember actually sitting there … and I just cried.V: But there ' s only one word that everyone says when they talk about the Grand Canyon:Vs: It really is awesome … Just completely awesome … Awesome … “ Awesome” is the wordIt was awesome … Awesome … Awesome … “Awesome” is the only word … Truly awesome.Speaking for communicationRole-playScriptsConversation 1Man: Excuse me. We' re trying to get to the carnival. Is this the right bus stop?Woman: Yes, but you don ' t need the bus. It' s very close.Man: Oh! Can we walk?Woman: Yes, it takes about 10 minutes from here. Just go straight on. You ' ll hear the music!Man: OK. Thank you very much.Conversation 2Woman: Excuse me, can you help me? I' m looking for the Plaza Hotel. Is this the right way?Man: Um … Plaza Hotel, er, Plaza Hotel. Oh, yes, keep going, past the cinema and take thefirst left.Woman: OK.Man: Then keep going for about 15 minutes until you reach the end of the road. And you ' ll see the sign for the hotel. You can ' t miss it.Woman: OK. Um, can you show me on the map?Man: Sure.Conversation 3Man 1: Excuse me, we want to get to The Grand Motel. Is it far?Woman: Um … sorry, I' ve no idea. Jim, do you know?Man 2: What?Woman: The Grand Motel?Man 2: The Grand Motel? Yeah, it ' s just over there. Er, just go to the end of this street. Go left and go past the … um …' tshearerestaurant. Go past the restaurant and it' s on the left.Man 1: On the left. So I need to go to the end of the street, turn left, go past the restaurant and it ' s on the left. Man 2: Yeah, that ' s it.Man 1: Thanks a lot.Group discussionScriptsOK, well, we would like to go to Easter Island. It is very isolated, very far from other places. Er, we are going to travel there by plane and stay with different families and the trip is going to take three months. We want to experience the local culture, their music, food, and way of life. So our plan is to speak to the local people about these things and to film them. We hope to find out about their traditions and to see what they think oftheir history. Well, um, finally, my husband and I always wanted to go to Easter Island. I read about it when I was a child and I saw pictures of these amazing stone heads on the island. So for us this is the journey of our dreams.Further practice in listeningShort conversationsScriptsConversation 1M: I still can ' t decide whether we should have a whole package tour or a self-drive tour.W: A whole package tour means having to spend time in the confined quarters of a coach, bus or train with people you are not familiar with, but considering our budget, perhaps we have to sacrifice comfort and privacy.Q: What does the woman say about a whole package tour?Conversation 2W: I was so shocked when I saw the tiny, dirty houses where the children grew up.M: So was I. I ' m afraid that they don ' t have enough food, let alone go to school. Next time we should have our daughter come with us. She always takes things for granted. Q: What are the two speakers planning to do?Conversation 3M: I will say it again: India is not a safe place for a woman to travel alone.W: But if I wear the proper clothes, and learn the cultural dos and don' ts, it should be fine. Please don' t be so alarmed.Q: What will the woman do?Conversation 4W: I ' m going to travel with my five-year-old this summer. But I feel kind of uncertain whether things will work out.M: You know Jane? She and her husband spend every holiday traveling in a jeep with their son and dog. Probably you should go to herbefore you go.Q: What does the woman feel uncertain about?Conversation 5M: Many people love a good story about somebody traveli ng in time -either to repair the future, or to observe the past. Why are time travel stories so popular?W: I think it 's human nature to dream of what-ifs. What if I could see an alien? Q: What are the two speakers talking about?Long conversationScriptsM: It 's good to have you back at work Emily. How was your trip to the Amazon rainforest? W: It was like a spectacular dream; I saw so many more things than I ever could have imagined.The plants are so thick that you couldn ' t even see the sun or the sky above, and there are more shades of green than I've seen before in my life!M: Wow, with so many plants, how did you get around?W: We rode a tour boat down the Amazon River -it connects the whole jungle, and the localpeople use it to travel, too. It ' s amazing being somewhere so far away from technology, without any electricity for miles and miles. The local people don 't even see the world outside of the jungle, never traveling more than 15 minutes up or down the river their whole lives!M: What an entirely different lifestyle! It must be completely different there. Did you get to meet any of the villagers?W: Oh yes! Here's the story: I finished a smallblue bottle of wine and was about to throw it away. The tour guide told me to save it. Later, when we arrived at one of the villages, he introduced me to an old woman there who greeted our boat. I gave her the wine bottle as a gift. She looked at it like a great treasure, and she said that it would be an honored prize for her hut. I was shocked that something so small and common for me -could mean so much!M: Emily, I suppose we really take modern life for granted.。

新一代大学英语（提高篇）视听说教程2Unit1Communicationinthedigitalage1-2Passage-1：ACBCPassage-2：AABBAConversation-1：1)communicate2)potentialcustomers3)weatherreports4)fun5)favouritesongs6)tellstories7)careConversation-2：CDBANewsreport1：DDDCNewsreport2：CBA1-3Viewingandunderstanding-1：CDCDADViewingandunderstanding-2：BDHIJUnit2Startupyoung2-2Passage-1：ABBBAPassage-2：1)newtools2)oursociety3)alreadyexists4)hard5)capital6)thepassion7)BuildacompanyConversation-1：1)hometown2)restaurant3)broke4)abusinessplanConversation-2：AADDNewsreport1：DCANewsreport2：BBC2-3Viewingandunderstanding-1：BABBAAViewingandunderstanding-2：1)raisingmoney2)makelifedifficult3)fixthings4)newswebsites5)unhappy6)one'spartner7)calmdown8)thesamearea9)understanding10)boldUnit3Thewaytoleadership3-2Passage-1：1)reaction2)connected3)amoment4)impact5)hearts6)meaningfulPassage-2：CEConversation-1：BCAConversation-2：CENewsreport1：DBDNewsreport2：CAB3-3Viewingandunderstanding-1：BABAAABAViewingandunderstanding-2：1)allsides2)anopinion3)objective4)decisions5)comesnext6)attentionUnit4Business:Thinkoutofthebox4-2Conversation-1：AAABBConversation-2：1)change2)creativesolutions3)higher4)thoughts5)imagination6)tools7)risks8)failurePassage-1：CDDPassage-2：ABABANewsreport1：CCBNewsreport2：DAD4-3Viewingandunderstanding-1：DACABBViewingandunderstanding-2：1)low2)domestic3)rough4)compete4)pandas6)aproduct(oneproduct)7)software8)Internet9)fans10)one-stop11)speed12)innovationUnit5Citywell-being5-2：Conversation-1：DACAConversation-2：BBAAPassage-1：1)French2)cultured3)replaced4)anewlook5)buildings6)inspiration7)adestinationPassage-2：BABABNewsreport1：BDCNewsreport2：BBAD5-3:Viewingandunderstanding-1：1)hunter-gatherers2)techniques3)villages4)steady5)trades6)jobs7)transportation8)attackers9)integrate10)poorestViewingandunderstanding-2：ADE

Unit 6-Conversation 1Janet : What are you reading, Kate?Kate :Alice in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll. Do you know it?Janet : I've heard of it, yes, but I've never read it. It's a 19th century children's story, isn't it?K a te: That's right. It's very famous. It's set in Oxford. It starts with this young girl sitting on a river bank. The interesting thing is, the author, Lewis Carroll, he was an Oxford professor and he used to have tea with the girl's family on this river bank.Ja net: Oh, that's fascinating! I'll put it into my diary. Kate : Is that what you're writing? I know you've been keeping a diary all the year.Janet : It's been a great year. I've had such a good time — so lucky to have Mark and Kate as friends. Feel I've been doing well with work. Much happier about asking questions in tutorials.Janet : My screen's gone dark.Mark: You're using the battery, remember. It's run out, obviously.Janet : It can't be the battery. It's still charged. Oh no it's still black. Oh dear, I hope it's nothing serious. I haven't backed anything up recently.Kate : That's not like you, Janet.Janet : I know, but I lost my memory stick. I really should have backed things up. How stupid of me not to do that! Supposing I've lost everything!Mark : Let me take a look. The power is still on. And also the operating system still seems to be working ... I think it has to be the graphics card ... But maybe that's not the problem ... Janet : If only I'd backed things up!Kate : Relax, Janet! We'll take it to the computer shop this afternoon. I'm sure it'll be OK. Janet : I hope so.Unit 6-Conversation 2Janet: Tell me about Alice in Wonderland. Kate : I tell you what, I'll read it to you.Kate : Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank and having nothing to do: Once or twice, she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, "and what is the use of a book," thought Alice, "without pictures or conversation?" So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid) ...Janet : Kate, Mark, where are you going? You've got my laptop!Kate : It's all right, Janet, we're taking it to the computer shop. We'll be back soon.Mark : It's not like Janet to forget to back up her work. Kate : She should have been more careful.Janet : It was stupid of me, I know! Stupid, stupid! Janet : Oh! It was a dream! What a relief!Kate : You were talking in your sleep. Janet : What was I saying? Kate: "Stupid, stupid."M ark : I've sorted out your computer.Janet : Have you? Oh, thank goodness! What was the problem?Mark : It was the graphics card, as I predicted ...Janet : Is that what it was! I'm so relieved! Thanks, Mark. Kate : He's great, isn't he? Janet : Yes. So are you, Kate. Kate : You're such a good friend.Unit 6-Outside viewComputers are a very important part of our lives. They tell us about delays to transport. They drive trains, analyze evidence and control buildings. Did you know that 60 per cent of homes in Britain have got a PC (a personal computer)? For many young people, playing computer games is their favorite way of spending spare time. Computers are a very important part of most areas of life in Britain-libraries, the police and in school. But they are becoming more important in our homes as well. They ’ll even control the way we live-in “smart homes ” or computer-controlled houses. The smart home is now a real possibility. It will become very common. A central computer will adjust the temperature, act as a burglar alarm and switch on lights, ready for you to come back home. And of course you will be able to give new instructions to the computer from your mobile phone. So if your plans change, your home will react to match. Many homes have got lots of televisions and several computers. The smart home will provide TV and Internet sockets in every room, so you ’ll be able to do what you want whenever you want. If the temperature outside changes, the smart home will adjust the temperature levels inside. The computer will also close the blinds when it gets dark or to stop so much sun from entering a room. And if you want to eat when you get home, the computer will turn the oven on for you! Are computers taking over our lives? In a survey, 44 per cent of young people between 11 and 16 said their PC was a trusted friend. Twenty per cent said they were happier at their computer than spending time with family or friends. Another survey found that people in Britain spend so much time on the phone, texting and reading emails that they no longer have time for conversation. What do you think about that?Unit 6-Listening inNews ReportUS Scientists have announced the discovery of gravitational waves, which are tiny waves produced by massive objects moving very quickly. Two black holes produced the waves when they crashed into each other about 1.3 billion years ago. A black hole is a place in space where the gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape. This announcement of the discovery comes a century after Albert Einstein first predictedgravitational waves would exist.The discovery was made possible by using a highly sensitive instrument designed to detect signals of gravitational waves and identify their sources. This discovery proves that there are gravitational waves, and strongly confirms the existence of black holes.With this discovery, scientists are given a new tool to study and understand the universe. The waves could help scientists learn more about what happened immediately after the universe began and how the universe expanded. Scientists hope that they may be able to observe parts of the universe that were previously undetectable.1. What discovery have US scientists made?2. What features do black holes have according to the newsreport?3. Why is the discovery important?Passage 1When you have a biscuit with your cup of tea, do you dunk it? And if so, what ’s the perfect way to do it? That ’s the subject of today ’s Science in Action report. It may be hard to believe but scientists at the University of Bristol have been analyzing this question. And after a two-month study they devised a mathematical formula for dunking biscuits. So no more melting chocolate, or biscuit crumbs in the bottom of your cup, which is the fate of one in four biscuits that are dunked in tea, according to research by a biscuit manufacturer. Doughnut dunkers don ’t face the same problems because doughnuts are held together with an elastic net of protein, gluten. This substance allows the doughnut to absorb liquid without breaking down its structure. The structure of a biscuit, however, is held together by sugar which melts when placed in hot tea or coffee.So what is the answer? The researcher, let by Dr. Len Fisher, discovered that holding the biscuit in a horizontal position – or “flat-on ” – has a significant effect on the amount of time that a biscuit can stay in hot liquid before falling apart. In fact this horizontal dunking results in a dunking time up to four times longer than traditional vertical dunking.What ’s the reason for this? It seems that the answer is related to diffusion, in other words, the length of time it takes for the liquid to penetrate the structure of the biscuit. Basically, it takes longer for the liquid to travel through the channels of a biscuit when it is laid flat on the surface of the liquid. Also the fact that when a biscuit is dunked horizontally, with the biscuit submerged in the liquid, and the chocolate coating staying out of the liquid, the chocolate helps hold the biscuit together. Another factor influencing the equation is the temperature of the tea – the hotter the tea, the faster the sugar melts.Researchers also found that by dunking a biscuit into tea or coffee, up to ten times more flavor is release than it the biscuit is eaten dry. So it’s worth experimenting yourself. Ifyou are wondering how you can perfect the horizontal dunk, the researchers have come up with an idea for a biscuit-holding device to make dunking biscuits easier. They are even mow working on producing a table giving guidelines on dunking times for different types of biscuit. On that note, I think it’s time to go off to the canteen for a tea break!Passage 2Peter:Hey Louise, look at this book about crop circles - some of the photos are absolutely unbelievable.Louise: You don t believe in all that stuff, do you Peter? Peter: I'm not saying I believe in UFOs and things, butsome of the formations are fascinating. They’re made up of lots of interconnected circles and geometrical shapes. You know, in the past few years, there have been more reports of them. The circles are getting larger and the designs are getting more intricate... I'm sure that they can't all be man-made. Think about it - they're so complicated, and they appear at night in the middle of fields of wheat barley or corn. It’s definitely pretty weird!Louise: I know, but l saw a TV documentary about it, andthey showed how a group of hoaxers made an elaborate crop circle in a field at night using wooden plank, ropes, plastic tubes and a garden roller. They even fooled some of the people who believe in the paranormal-aliens coming down in UFOs and aliens coming down in UFOs and creating them, and so on.Peter: I'm sure lots of them are created by people just toget publicity but look here-it says, “The first records of crop circles go back as far as the 17th century. Since the 1970s there have been over 12,000 reports from countries all around the world including Italy, America, South Africa, Australia and Brazil.” Most reports are from here in England though.Louise: But surely that’s just because they get so muchmedia coverage these days, so more people are making them.Peter: Perhaps, but how do you explain the fact that theactual chemical composition of the grains of corps inside the circles changes? Scientific tests have found they have a higher protein level. The stems of the grains have often been exposed to hightemperatures. And they found that the soil within the circles contains more iron than the soil outside. So far, the hoaxers haven't been able to copy all these features.Louise: Well, I'm not a scientist but I'm pretty scepticalabout all these so-called paranormal explanations. I remember in the programme I watched, the researchers found signs of human interference, such as holes in the earth and footprints!Peter: Come on… you must admit, that still leaves a lotwhich is unexplained!Louise: There's lots of things that are hard to explain butthis really...。

Unit 1 Starting outInside viewConversation 1Porter Good afternoon.Janet Good afternoon.Porter New student?Janet Yes.Porter Welcome to Hertford College.Janet Thank you.Porter Can I have your family name, please?Janet Yes, it's Li.Porter Er, L-double E?Janet No, L-I.Porter And what's your first name, Ms Li?Janet Janet.Porter Janet Li... ah yes, there you are. Here are your keys.Janet Where's my room?Porter You're in Staircase 6 Room 5.Janet Who am I sharing with?Porter Nobody. You have your own room. Er...there's a Ms Santos in the room next to you.Janet Oh. My own room? In China we usually have several people in a dormitory.Porter Well, here you don't have to share with anyone.Janet Thank you Sir.Porter No need to call me sir, Ms Li. Everyone calls me Stewart.Janet Please call me Janet!Porter OK, Janet, um, can you just sign for your keys, please?Conversation 2Kate Hi, have you just arrived too?Janet Yes!Kate I guess we're neighbours. My name's Kate Santos.Janet I'm Janet Li. Where are you from?Kate From New York. How about you?Janet I'm from Anshan in China.Kate Is Janet your real name?Janet No, it's my English name. My Chinese name is Li Hui. Is Kate your full name?Kate No, it's short for Catherine.Janet So do I call you Catherine or Kate?Kate Everyone calls me Kate.Janet Nice to meet you.Kate OK, Janet. See you later.Janet Bye!Conversation 3Kate Hey! This is awesome! Look at the size of this dining hall.Janet Is this where we have all our meals?Kate I guess.Mark You just arrived?Girls Yes!Mark Me too. By the way, I'm Mark. Nice to meet you.Kate Hi, I'm Kate.Mark Hi Kate, I guess you're from the States.Kate Right! How can you tell? You're British, huh?Mark Yes, I'm from London. And you are ...?Janet I'm Li Hui. I'm from China. But you can call me Janet.Mark Hi Janet. Welcome to England. What are you reading?Janet English.Mark How about you, Kate?Kate My major is law. And you?Mark I'm studying PPE.Kate That's a special Oxford subject, isn't it?Outside viewJulie My name's Julie Dearden, and I'm the Director of International Programmes here at Hertford College.Eugene My name's Eugene Berger, I studied here in Oxford for four years er, studying modern languages at Somerville College.Julie Oh, there are many Oxford traditions. Oxford is a very old university, the oldest English-speaking university in the, in the world. And so there are many traditions which are associated with the colleges, with the times of the year, and with sport, and with eating, for example.Eugene Each college is very different um, from um, the others, and it has its own character. Some colleges are very conservative, and some are much more liberal and have a tradition of um, kind of liberal politics. But there are also some specific traditions.Julie Formal Hall is when we all eat together here in college, the professors and the students. Usually it takes places at seven o'clock in the evening, and the professors sit on high table which is the table over here, and the students sit on common table, which are the tables here. But everybody eats together. It's a very beautiful evening because there are, there's a special meal and we eat by candlelight.Eugene I think er, the traditions that make Oxford so unique are firstly the Oxford Union and er, secondly, May Day. The Oxford Union being a debating society where speakers come from all around the world to address the students and even allow themselves to be questioned by the students, making it a very interesting forum.Julie My favourite is er, May Day. And May Day is the first day of May, and we have a tradition called May Morning, and on May Morning everybody gets up very early and the students have a celebration. There is a choir which sings on top of the tower at Magdalen College and all the people of the town and all the students go to listen to the singing. So it's very nice.Eugene The tradition that er, was most important to me was probably Summer Eights. I was a rower. And Summer Eights is a rowing competition, held in May in the summer term. And in this competition, each college is trying to improve its place which it won the previous year and gradually work its way up the river.Julie When the students take exams, they must go to a special building and it's called Examination Schools. And also they must wear a special uniform, so they wear E.gown like mine, a black gown, and they wear a white shirt, arid the men wear a white tie and black trousers. The women wear a white shirt and a black skirt or black trousers. And they must wear this uniform, which has a Latin name - sub fuse — and they must wear this uniform in order to take theirexaminations.Eugene I think the Oxford traditions lend character to the place and it's such an old institution, it should have traditions, but they can be very inconvenient. For example, sub fuse. This is the uniform that we are required according to the university rules, to wear.Julie They also wear flowers in their buttonholes, and those flowers are carnations. And they wear different colours, the students wear different coloured flowers for different examinations. So when you take your first exam you wear a white flower, and when you take your second exam you wear a pink flower, and when you take your final examination you wear a red carnation.Eugene So we have to dress up in a full black suit, starched collar, white bow tie and carry a mortarboard. And to write an exam in the summer heat whilst wearing all that which you're not allowed to take off is um, uncomfortable.Julie I really like the Oxford traditions, I think it's part of our history, and part of um, being a student or a teacher here at Oxford University.Listening inPassage 1Interviewer Can you tell me something about the Ivy League? You're a professor at Harvard, is that right?Professor That's right, yes.Interviewer Tell me how many universities are there? How many institutions?Professor In total there are eight institutions: There's Harvard, Yale, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Princeton, and the University of Pennsylvania. Interviewer Ah, OK. And what's the sporting ... I believe there's some link with sports.Professor There certainly is, yes. Originally the Ivy League referred to the sports teams from the universities which competed against each other, especially in football, basketball and ice hockey. Now sometimes these universities, institutions, chose their students on the basis of their skills at these particular sports.But in the last 50 years, Ivy League schools have accepted a wider range of students because it wasn't possible to be both world-famous for research and also top class in sport.Interviewer And what about their academic importance? I gather they're academically very, very important, they're very well-known.Professor Absolutely at the top. They're near or at the top of the USA colleges and university rankings. And they're almost always in the top one per cent of the world's academic institutions for financial resources.Interviewer And what does it mean socially to go to an Ivy League university?Professor Certainly if you've been to one of these institutions, you are presumed or assumed to be at the top end of the scale. The Ivy League institutions have a reputation for social elitism, many of the students are rich, intellectual, white Anglo-Saxon, protestants. Not all of them of course, but quite a lot of them. Interviewer And do you know ... why's it called the Ivy League, what's the origin of the name?Professor There are a number of stories, derivations, but possibly it's based on four universities, and IV, the letters IV, that's the Roman numeral for four.Another more likely story is that ivy plants, which are symbolic of the age of the universities, you know, would be grown at the walls of these universities, these institutions, they cover the walls of the buildings. The term was created by a sports journalist, I think in the 1930s.Interviewer Right, OK. And which is the oldest university?Professor The oldest goes back to the 17th century, that's Harvard which was founded in 1636. And the youngest of the institutions is Cornell which was founded in 1865.Interviewer And which has the largest number of undergraduates?Professor Cornell has the largest number, about 13,000, 13,500 undergraduates. The institution with the smallest number is Dartmouth College with a little over 4,000.Interviewer And what about the acceptance rate? Is it hard to get into?Professor That ranges from about seven per cent to 20 per cent.Interviewer And any famous alumni? Famous old boys?Professor Hundreds! Hundreds of them. But I suppose worldwide, the two that would be definitely known all over the world would certainly be George Bush who went to Yale, and John F Kennedy, President Kennedy, who was at Harvard.Interviewer Thank you.Passage2Andy Did you see the film on television last night?Jane No, I was out. What was it?Andy A Beautiful Mind. It's about John Forbes Nash, the mathematician who won the Nobel Prize.Jane I've heard about that film, yes. He's played by Russell Crowe, isn't he? I like Russell Crowe, he's great.Andy That's the one, yes.Jane What's it about?Andy Well, the story begins in the early years of Nash's life at Princeton University as a graduate student.Jane That's one of the Ivy League schools, isn't it?Andy Yes, it's all set in New England, lovely old buildings, beautiful autumn colours. It's lovely to look at. Anyway, Nash meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who soon becomes his best friend. Nash admits to Charles that he is better with numbers than people, and the main thing he's looking for is a truly original idea for his thesis paper.Jane So he's not interested in having fun?Andy Well, yes, but he's not very good with people or successful with women, that's all. But, you know, it's one of these bad experiences with people which ultimately inspires his brilliant work in mathematics.Jane No good at relationships, so he becomes a genius at maths?Andy That's about right, yes. So when he finishes his studies at Princeton, he accepts a job at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Five years later, he meets Alicia, a student who he falls in love with and eventually marries.Jane Ah! At last, the love interest!Andy Yes, but wait a moment. Nash believes that he's been asked to work by William Parcher for the US Department of Defense on breaking Soviet codes. At one point he's chased by the Russians, and it's after this that he becomes mentally ill.Jane I think I've seen this in the trailer to the film.Andy So when he's put in a psychiatric hospital, he thinks the Soviets have captured him. He's given this painful treatment which affects his relationship with his wife. And his intellectual skills. So he stops taking the medicine.Jane It sounds quite hard to watch.Andy Well, it is, but it's well acted and directed, and so, you know, there's a-bit of distance between the audience and what's happening on film.Jane So what happens next?Andy Well, then his illness returns, so he and his wife decide to try and live with it. It all gets a bit complicated, because we're no longer sure if Charles, you know, his old friend, or even Parcher were real, or if they were just people that existed only in Nash's mind.Jane That sounds awful. He must have been so ill,Andy Actually, I'm kind of giving away the twist in the story. Anyway, later in his life, while he's using the library at Princeton again, he asks his rival Martin Hansen if he can start teaching again. And so the story ends when he goes on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics.Jane Well, it sounds like a great film.Andy Yes, you should see it sometime.Unit 2 Food, glorious food!Inside viewConversation 1Kate Oh, this looks nice.Mark Cool.Waitress Good afternoon, table for three? Come this way.Mark Let's have a look at the menu.Mark Thank you.Janet Thank you.Waitress The specials are on the board.Kate So, what sort of food do you like, Janet?Janet Well, I like spicy food. And I'm not very fond of raw food! What would you recommend?Mark Why don't you try the chicken curry? That's nice and spicy.Janet What's in it?Mark Chicken cooked in tomatoes and onions with Indian spices.Janet I'll try it. Do we all choose a selection of dishes to share or only one dish per person?Mark Usually one dish per person.Kate Or the moussaka looks good.Janet What's it made with?Kate It's made with lamb and eggplant. It's a Greek dish.Janet How is it cooked?Kate It's baked in the oven.Janet Mm, that sounds good too.Kate And as a starter?Janet What's minestrone soup?Mark It's an Italian soup with vegetables and pasta. It's delicious!Janet OK, I'll have that.Kate Waitress?Waitress What can I get for you?Kate Well, for the starter, can we have two minestrone soups, and for the main course, one moussaka and one curry, please. What about you, Mark?Mark I'll have the prawns with garlic and the chilli con carne. And could you bring us some water, please?Waitress OK.Mark Thank you.Waitress Thanks.Janet What's chilli con carne?Mark It's a spicy Mexican dish with beef and beans. It's very hot!Conversation2Janet That was great! Except I don't like cold water. I usually drink hot water.Kate Hot water? We never drink hot water except with tea. Let's have a dessert. What would you like, Janet?Janet Any suggestions?Kate Well, why don't you try the apple strudel? It's an Austrian dish. It's made with apple, pastry and spices.Janet No, I'm not so keen on pastry. ... What's a chocolate brownie?Mark It's a kind of chocolate cake.Janet How is it made?Kate It's made with flour, eggs and butter ...Mark And lots of chocolate!Kate You'll love it.Janet What kind of ice cream is there?Kate I'll ask ... Excuse me ... What flavour ice cream do you have?Waitress Strawberry, vanilla and chocolate.Janet I'll just have a fruit salad, I think.Mark And Kate, what are you going to have?Kate Same for me.Mark Could you bring us two fruit salads, and a chocolate brownie?Waitress Sure.Outside viewVoice-over We were lucky to be invited into the kitchen at the Dooky Chase's Restaurant. Leah has been working in the restaurant for over 50 years. She told us about her life and she explained how to make a simple dish called "shrimp Clemenceau".Leah This is a very simple dish. First you get some shrimp. You can do this dish with chicken or shrimp, but I like it with the shrimp better. So you just browna little thing...Interviewer And, and what's, what's the actual, what's the cooking in?Leah Butter.Interviewer OK.Leah It just cook, so here you get a little cholesterol, but hey, that's it, a little cholesterol. Then you wanna get the garlic. So you see it works two forces. You get the cholesterol, and then you get a little garlic, cut out on the cholesterol, you see.Interviewer OK. And where did you, where did you learn all the cooking?Leah Well, my mother, you know. I'm the top of the line of 11 children, so you get to learn how to cook whether you like it or not. You get to cook that way.Then here you want to add a little mushroom in here, this is just sliced button mushroom. If you like other mushroom, you can do that, we just saute that in there. You know, at home, when you, you have to cook, everybody had that turn in the kitchen. So this is a dish that is used in several restaurants, but this is my own version. Some people do it different than this, but I like it this way, because I like the ... Can you smell the garlic in there?Interviewer Oh, yeah.Leah Alright?Interviewer That smell is very strong.Leah Uha, and then you want to add your peas. It's very, very simple.Interviewer And did you, did your mum run the restaurant as well?Leah No, no, my mother-in-law. My mother-in-law had this restaurant before I came in. And she started it in 41. I came in in 46. So, and I added many things.You have to understand in 41. Now here we can add our potatoes. You see our shrimp is all cooked there.-Just add the potato. You can pre-cook your potatoes. You can boil them, or in this case, we, we blanch them a little bit. In that and just toss together, and you get one, you get just one casserole like here. And you can put a little pepper on it. Give it a good dash of pepper. A little salt. It's very simple, but it's a good dish. And as I said, you can do it with chicken breast or shrimp. You see? Toss it and get it there.Interviewer And what do you, what do you call the dish?Leah A shrimp Clemenceau. And I, I really don't know how it got that name, but it's popular in this area. But as I said, some people do it a little different. You can take wine at this point. You can hit a little wine in there if you like it, but I, I just don't like to kill the taste of the butter and the garlic. I like that a lot.And you can take the parsley, always parsley.Interviewer That's parsley, isn't it?Leah Parsley. Uhm. And I'm gonna show you something that all Creoles keep in their kitchen. You see you get kind of a like a dull look here. But every Creole has this paprika in their kitchen. And give it all a dash of paprika. And you get a little color there, you see? A little red color there. And it's very, very simple, great dish to eat. Not hard to make. You see? And you have a good dish.Listening inPassage 1Ben If it's a formal meal, maybe Thanksgiving or Christmas, or if you're with your boss or someone like that, you are being careful about your table manners.So you'd wait until everyone is served before you eat. But most of the time,, if you know each other well you would just go ahead and start. It's more usual to entertain them at home because it shows your hospitality. We have a lot of barbecues outside, maybe in the garden or maybe at a campsite. But sometimes if you don't want to cook, you can go to a restaurant.Oh, well, after dessert you'll have a little talk, then talk some more, have some coffee. Then you'll say, "Oh well, it's time for us, we should get going."And if you don't then you're probably going to be rude and stay too late.Michelle Well, it would be between 8 and 8.30. It is unusual that if somebody is invited for 8 they would be there at 7.30 or 7.45. Probably 8, or 8.30 would be when all the guests would arrive. It's OK to refuse something if you don't like it, but it might be embarrassing. For example, if I'm cooking dinner and I discover one of my guests is a vegetarian, I'll feel a bit frustrated that I didn't know before. But usually everyone tries everything.Tom Well, usually the host serves the guests, so you should make sure you tell him or her not to give you too much, because yes, it's quite important to eat everything on your plate. It doesn't matter if you leave something, but if you leave a lot, it will look as if you don't like their cooking.My mother always told me to put my hands on my lap, under the table when I wasn't eating, and I would be in big trouble if I ever put my elbows on the table. But actually I know that in some countries that's considered rude. So I might rest my hands or my arms on the table, and I suppose it's a bit more relaxed today than it used to be when I was young.No, it's the worst thing you can do if you're eating. Any strange noises are absolutely forbidden. I mean you can say "mmm, this is good", but nothing more than that. And even when you drink soup or eat noodles, you have to do it in silence, otherwise it's considered very bad manners.Passage 2News-reader The government announced today that they are going to ban advertisements for junk food during TV programmes for children under the age of 16.The rules will include any foods that are high in fat, salt and sugar. There will be a total ban on ads during children's programmes and on children's channels, as well as adult programmes watched by a large number of children. But there will not be a total ban on all ads for junk food which are shown on television before 9 pm. This was thought to be "over the top" by representatives of the food industry. The new rules will come into effect before the end of December this year, and mean that television channels will lose about £39 million in revenue for advertising.So why has the government introduced this ban? We asked leading food and nutrition expert, Neil Bennett.Neil Well, we all know that over the last 30 years, what we call junk food, bad food with too much fat and salt, has become easily available and eating habits have changed.However, in recent years many of us have become aware of the importance of keeping fit and eating healthily, and this means people are not going to fast food restaurants so often. So, the result is that the fast food business has increased the number of ads in order to recover some of the business it's lost. News-reader And how do the fast food restaurants do this?Neil The biggest problem is that they aim their ads at young people. One well-known fast food restaurant chain sells hamburgers which come with a free gift, usually a toy which is linked to a new children's film. Other fast food restaurants aim their ads at teenage and college-age men, trying to make their food trendy and, you know, kind of masculine food.News-reader So a ban on junk food ads will stop the sales of junk food?Neil Almost certainly not, but it might reduce the growth of the fast food industry.News-reader So you're in favour of the ban?Neil As a nutritionist, I am. As a father of two young children, I'm not sure.News-reader Why not?Neil Because less money from advertising will mean less money for children's TV programmes. So we're likely to see more cheap and violent cartoons, and fewer programmes produced specially for children.News-reader So the choice is between junk food and junk television?Neil Yes, that just about sums it up.News-reader Neil Bennett, thank you.Unit 3 Learning to thinkInside viewConversation 1Mark Hi, what're you doing?Janet Oh, nothing much ... Well, I'm just doing this quiz here in the newspaper.Mark Let's have a look then.Janet Here. It's called, "How much do you know about memory?" I've just done it. Do you want to have a go?Mark OK, might as well. I'm not busy.Janet Right. Look, I'll read the statements. Then you have to answer "true" or "false". Ready?Mark Yea.Janet OK. Physical exercise improves your memory. True or false?Mark True, I suppose. It sounds like the right answer.Janet You're right, exercise does improve your memory. Next statement: 30 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark That sounds about right. True?Janet No, wrong, I'm afraid. In fact, 60 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark Really? Actually, I've got a pretty good memory.Janet Have you? OK ... Next one ... When you're tired, it's more difficult to remember things.Mark That's true, obviously. I can't remember a thing when I'm tired.Janet Correct! If you do one activity for a long time, your memory will improve.Mark I'm not sure ... True?Janet Actually, it's false.Mark Oh!Janet Eating fruit and vegetables can improve your memory.Mark I read something in The Times about that. True.Janet True, it says here.Mark Oh, no! I've got a lecture. I'd forgotten. I'd better get going!Janet Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate You're looking a bit down, Janet. What's up?Janet Well... I'm finding studying at Oxford quite hard.Kate You're telling me! There's so much work!Janet It's not the amount of work - but everything's so different. In China, generally we have large classes, we don't have tutorials. And mostly, our teacher tells us what we should do. So I'm not used to asking questions or discussing things. I find it difficult.Kate You have to memorize a lot, don't you?Janet Yes, but I'm good at that.Kate You're lucky. There's so much to remember studying law! I have difficulty sometimes, I really do.Janet Yes, well, we've been trained to do that. But we don't have so much training in critical thinking.Kate What do you mean by critical thinking?Janet Let me think ... I think it's giving your opinion and then justifying it.Kate Yes, I suppose that's what our teachers have always encouraged us to do.Janet I am getting better at it, I suppose.Kate Hey! How about this? Let's pretend I'm your tutor. I'll make a statement. Your task is to examine it and then ask questions.Janet OK.Kate Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question!Janet Why do you say that?Kate That's what the research tells us. Now ask another one.Janet Can you give an example of some research?Kate Um ... No! Look, I'm starving and I can't think at all when I'm hungry.Outside viewPart 1Teacher Good morning, class.Students Good morning.Teacher What we're going to do today is start off looking at mind maps or mind mapping. Now have any of you heard about mind maps before?Students Yes ... No ...Teacher Yes. Some of you have, some of you haven't. OK. Have any of you actually used mind maps in the past?Students No ...Teacher No? OK. Who can tell me what a mind map is?Student 1 It's a way of thinking.Teacher It is a way of thinking. Mind maps are diagrams which help us to generate ideas, and also to organize or structure our ideas related to a topic. What I'd like to do next is look at some of the uses or the reasons for using mind maps. What are some of the reasons for using mind maps?Student 2 To make a list?Teacher To make a list? Yes. We could say to brainstorm ideas. Everyone contributes then-ideas as many ideas as quickly as possible, from everyone in a shorter time, er, as, as we can manage. OK, brainstorming is one of the most important um, um, uses of mind maps. What might be another use or another reason for using mind maps?Student 3 It can help me take notes in the class.Teacher OK, for the note-taking, a very good reason. Mind maps help us to get an overview or a, a quick understanding about a subject. By using mind maps to collect the main ideas from what the teacher says, you can keep a, a very general understanding of a topic and understand connections quite easily and um, quickly. What are some other uses of mind maps?Student 4 Preparing for exams?Teacher OK. Preparing for exams. That's a, a very good reason. We might call this, er, revision. Before an exam, after having studied for many, many days or even weeks, you might want to capture the, the, the very general understanding about the subject. Are there any other uses that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 5 We can also use it for finding answers.Teacher For finding answers. That's, that's a very good, good answer. We could call this problem-solving. We can use mind maps to, to see other possible alternatives, or options to, to, to solve a problem. OK. Next, I'd like us to talk about some of the advantages or the benefits of using mind maps instead of just writing everything on a piece of paper. One of the most obvious advantages, as you can see, is that mind maps are very visual. They give us um, almosta picture, a, a different perspective in terms of a picture, or a diagram of understanding information or understanding connected ideas, which is very helpfulfor people who like to learn from a different way. Are there any other advantages that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 4 It lists the main points.Teacher They do. They do list the main points. We could call this um, a quick summary. As you can see, we have main ideas throughout our mind map, not long texts. And in this way, it helps us to grasp the, the key ideas and the key connections for mind maps or for our given subject. Are there any other advantages you can think of?Student 1 To think creatively.Teacher To think creatively. That's, that's a very good point. We could call this creative thinking. And what we mean here is basically thinking outside of the box or thinking laterally. Mind maps are illogical and by being illogical they encourage us to think creatively, you might say.Part2Teacher Next, I'd like us to think about aspects of design or constructing mind maps. So far we have completed three quarters of our mind map about mind maps. And then I'd just like you to have a look at this mind map and tell me what some of the most noticeable or striking features are that we can talk about. Student 2 There is a centre.Teacher There is a centre. There is what we call a central word, a central word or a phrase. It might also be a sentence or a question. You might have that in the centre of the board and your related thoughts spiraling or radiating out. What else do you notice about the design of this mind map?Student 1 There are only words, not sentences.Teacher Exactly. There are many what we call key words as they capture the main thought of, of an issue rather than a long sentence or, or a passage. This helps us to concentrate on the main issues and find connections between these issues as well. What other aspects of design do you notice here?Student 5 It looks like a tree.Teacher It does look like a tree because it has branches. By having branches, it shows how, um, thinking is radiating out or spiraling out from key ideas or central ideas to key words to sub-words and, and so forth. Are there any other aspects of design which you notice in this particular map?Student 2 You used a lot of colours.Teacher I did. I perhaps use too many colours. I have used different colour to show the different key words or different aspects of mind mapping. You might like to use different colours to highlight different sections of a mind map or key information. Or you may, you may choose to have it all in one colour. It's very much a personal choice, depending on how you like to, to think and, and plan your thinking. You might also like to use images or pictures related to some of the key words. Or you might even use symbols. We'll put a question mark because this again is a personal choice and how you like to design your mind maps. For example, I might choose to use a thought bubble as a symbol, highlighting or identifying my central phrase, mind maps. This could be a, a feature of my own mind maps. Whenever I design a mind map, I highlight my central thought using a speech bubble symbol.Listening inPassage 1Interviewer With us today is Martin Downes, a carpenter, who's 51. A year ago, Martin had a stroke. But he's been lucky enough to make a full recovery from it. Can you tell us how it all began, Martin?Martin I'm very happy to - not that I remember much at all. I was at a customer's house, building a cupboard, and the next thing I knew, I woke up in hospital with people in white coats bending over me.Interviewer It must have been very frightening.Martin It was. But what was really frightening was that I couldn't speak. I couldn't say a word. And I couldn't understand much that people said to me. Interviewer How awful!Martin Yeah! I don't know what would have happened to me if I hadn't had my family. But they were there for me, they really were. I had something called aphasia, where the part of your brain gets damaged that affects your speech and language. But they started treatment for the condition almost immediately.This speech and language therapist came to see me every day for 12 weeks. They made me do all these exercises.。