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英语诗歌的韵律（rhyme）头韵：头韵是指一行（节）诗中几个词开头的辅音相同，形成押韵。
如克里斯蒂娜•罗塞蒂的《歌》前两诗节：When I am dead, my dearest,Sing no sad songs for me;Plant thou no rose at my head,Nor shady cypress tree:Be the green grass above meWith showers and dewdrops wet;And if thou wilt, remember,And if thou wilt, forget.《古舟子咏》The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,The furrow followed free,We were the first that ever burstInto that silent sea.尾韵：尾韵（end rhyme）指行尾押韵单词最后的重读元音及其后面的辅音在读音上相同，而元音前面的辅音则不能相同。
也就是说，元音以及元音后面的辅音押韵，而元音前面的辅音则不押韵。
这种韵又被称为全韵（perfect rhyme）。
根据音节的数量，可分为单音节尾韵(single rhyme)、双音节尾韵(double rhyme)和三重音节尾韵(triple rhyme)。
单音节尾韵又称男韵或阳韵（masculine rhyme），是在诗行结尾重读音节之间出现的最普遍的押韵。
如米勒《在太平洋之滨》第二诗节：Above yon gleaming skies of goldOne lone imperial peak is seen;While gathered at his feet in greenTen thousand foresters are told.And all so still! So still the airThat duty drops the web of care.内韵：内韵，又称中间韵、行内韵、腹韵，指一行诗内的一个词语与同一行诗行尾的词语或另一行诗中的一个词语之间的押韵。
英语诗歌韵律(总18页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--英语诗歌的韵律(metre)英诗节奏(Rhythm) 构成英诗节奏的基础是韵律(metre)。
在希腊语中，“metre”这个字是“尺度(标谁)”的意思。
英诗就是根据诗行中的音节和重读节奏作为“尺度(标准)”来计算韵律的。
英诗的特点之一是与其他文体不同的排列格式。
各诗行不达到每页页边，每行开始词首大写。
几行成为一节(stanza)，不分段落。
各行都要讲究一定的音节数量，行末押韵或不押韵，交错排列。
……音节重读(stressed)，非重读(unstressed)。
……这就是一种正规的重读形式，在诗歌中即体现为韵律。
研究诗歌韵律规则的科学叫作韵律学(Prosody)。
1．音步(Foot)：英诗中这种重读与非重读音节的特殊性组合叫作音步。
一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节，但不能少于两个或多于三个音节，而且其中只有一个必须重读。
分析英诗的格律就是将它划分成音步，并区分出是何种音步以及计算音步的数量。
这种音步划分叫scansion。
根据一首英诗组成的音步数量，每一诗行一个音步称“单音步”(monometer)；每一诗行有两个音步的，称“双音步”(dimeter)；含有三个音步的，称“三音步”(trimeter)；此外还有四音步(tetrameter）、五音步、(pentameter)、六音步(hexameter)、七音步(heptameter)、八音步(octometer)。
Is this | a fast, | to keepThe lard | or leanAnd clean (Herrick)2．韵律(Metre)：英诗的韵律是依据音步包含音节的数量及重读音节的位置而加以区分的。
传统英诗的音步有六种：即:抑扬格(Lambus)、扬抑格(Trochee)、抑抑扬格(Anapaest)、扬抑抑格(Dactyl)及：扬抑抑格(Dactyl)及抑扬抑格(Amphibrach)：“⌒”非重读音节；“／”重读音节。
A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter with a carefully patterned rhyme scheme. Other strict, short poetic forms occur in English poetry (the sestina, the villanelle, and the haiku, for example), but none has been used so successfully by so many different poets. The Italian, or Petrarchan sonnet, named after Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374), the Italian poet, was introduced into English poetry in the early 16th century by Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542). Its fourteen lines break into an octave (or octet), which usually rhymes abbaabba, but which may sometimes be abbacddc or even (rarely) abababab; and a sestet, which may rhyme xyzxyz or xyxyxy, or any of the multiple variations possible using only two or three rhyme-sounds. The English or Shakespearean sonnet, developed first by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (1517-1547), consists of three quatrains and a couplet--that is, it rhymes abab cdcd efef gg.The form into which a poet puts his or her words is always something of which the reader ought to take conscious note. And when poets have chosen to work within such a strict form, that form and its strictures make up part of what they want to say. In other words, the poet is using the structure of the poem as part of the language act: we will find the "meaning" not only in the words, but partly in their pattern as well.The Italian form, in some ways the simpler of the two, usually projects and develops a subject in the octave, then executes a turn at the beginning of the sestet, which means that the sestet must in some way release the tension built up in the octave. (Example: see Wyatt's "Farewell Love and all thy laws for ever.") The Shakespearean sonnet has a wider range of possibilities. One pattern introduces an idea in the first quatrain, complicates it in the second, complicates it still further in the third, and resolves the whole thing in the final epigrammatic couplet. (Example: see Shakespeare's Sonnet 138.) You can see how this form would attract writers of great technical skill who are fascinated with intellectual puzzles and intrigued by the complexity of human emotions, which become especially tangled when it comes to dealing with the sonnet's traditional subjects, love and faith.Although the two types of sonnet may seem quite different, in actual practice they are frequently hard to tell apart. Both forms break between lines eight and nine; the octave in the Italian frequently breaks into two quatrains, like the English; and its sestet frequently ends in a final couplet. In addition, many Shakespearean sonnets seem to have a turn at line nine and another at the final couplet; and if a couplet closes an Italian sonnet, it is usually because the poet wanted the epigrammatic effec t more characterstic of the Shakespearean form. It behooves the reader to pay close attention to line-end punctuation, especially at lines four, eight, and twelve, and to connective words like and, or, but, as,so, if, then, when,or which at the beginnings of lines (especially lines five, nine, and thirteen).十四行诗，又译“商籁体”，为意大利文sonetto，英文Sonnet、法文sonnet 的音译。
meter格律
（最新版）
目录
1.什么是 meter 格律
2.meter 格律的作用
3.meter 格律的发展历程
4.meter 格律在现代的应用
5.结论
正文
1.什么是 meter 格律
Meter 格律，又称为韵律规则，是一种用于指导诗歌、歌词等文学作品中音节、音韵、节奏和抑扬顿挫的规范。
简单来说，它是一种音乐性的语言规则，用于创造优美的文学声响效果。
2.meter 格律的作用
Meter 格律在文学创作中有着至关重要的作用。
首先，它可以确保文学作品的音韵美感，让读者在阅读的过程中感受到和谐的节奏。
其次，它可以帮助作者更好地表达情感，增强文学作品的表现力。
最后，meter 格律可以提高文学作品的艺术价值，使其具有独特的韵律美感。
3.meter 格律的发展历程
Meter 格律的发展历程可以追溯到古代希腊和罗马时期。
在这个时期，史诗和戏剧等文学作品的创作已经开始运用韵律规则。
随着文学的发展，meter 格律逐渐演变为更为复杂和精细的系统，如英语诗歌中的抑扬格律、五言律诗等。
4.meter 格律在现代的应用
尽管现代社会，文学作品的创作形式已经发生了很大变化，但 meter 格律依然在现代文学创作中有着广泛的应用。
许多现代诗人和歌词作者仍然遵循一定的韵律规则来创作作品，以期达到更好的艺术效果。
同时，meter 格律也是文学研究、文学批评等领域的重要课题。
5.结论
总之，meter 格律是一种具有悠久历史和重要意义的文学规范。
它不仅关乎文学作品的音韵美感，还关乎作者的情感表达和作品的艺术价值。
英语诗歌的基本知识读英文诗歌相当不容易。
其中的主要原因是诗歌有其独特的语言特点和表达方式，与散文有明显区别。
为更好地欣赏英文诗歌，很有必要了解一些相关的基本知识。
这方面的知识极其细致，以下只介绍一些最基本的。
一、节奏诗歌是具有音乐性的语言。
音乐作品的最大特点之一是音符的流动是有节奏的。
所谓节奏就是强拍和弱拍按一定的形式配合起来，有规律地反复出现。
正如音乐中的节奏，音乐中基本的节奏有两种，即强——弱（2/4拍）和强——弱——弱（3/4拍）。
举两个简单的例子：《东方红》的节奏就是强——弱：556│2—│116│2—│55│6i65│116│2—│《新年好》（HAPPY NEW YEAR）这首儿歌的节奏是强——弱——弱：1115│3331│1355│432—│2344│3231│1325│721—│中国古诗有节奏。
其节奏主要是通过汉字特有的声调表现出来的。
传统汉语中的声调有四：平、上、去、入。
平声称平声，上、去、入三声统称仄声。
平声与仄声结合起来反复出现，就是中国诗歌的节奏。
如一首五言绝句，其最常见的节奏是：仄仄平平仄，平平仄仄平。
平平平仄仄，仄仄仄平平。
王之涣《登鹳雀楼》：白日依山尽，黄河入海流。
欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。
即是这样的节奏。
其中“欲”字是仄声，与格式不合。
但根据格律要求，诗行中的第一字可平可仄。
英文诗歌也有节奏。
英文没有平声、仄声之分，但有重读轻读音节之分，其节奏是通过重读音节与轻读音节表现出来的。
一个重读音节与一个或两个轻读音节按一定的模式搭配起来，有规律地反复出现就是英文诗歌的节奏。
我们知道凡是有两个以上音节的英文单词，都有重读音节与轻读音节之分，在一句话中，根据语法、语调、语意的要求，有些词也要重读，有些要轻读。
如He went to town to buy a book. I’m glad to hear the news.英文中有重读和轻读之分，重读的音节和轻读的音节，按一定模式配合起来，反复再现，组成诗句，听起来起伏跌宕，抑扬顿挫，就形成了诗歌的节奏。
研究英语诗歌格律的专著Studying the rhythm and meter of English poetry can be both fascinating and challenging. It's a journey into the heart of the language, where words dance with one another in patterns that are as old as time itself.Poetry, in its essence, is the art of arranging words to create beauty. And within that beauty lies the precision of rhythm and meter. They're the heartbeat of a poem, the pulse that keeps it alive and moving.ABCB, ABAB, ABCBB... these aren't just random letter combinations. They're the building blocks of poetry, the rhythmical patterns that give each line its unique cadence. Like a drummer setting the beat for a song, the poet chooses the meter that best complements the emotion they're trying to evoke.But poetry isn't just about rules and patterns. It's about finding the perfect balance between order and chaos.Sometimes, a poet might break the rules intentionally, just to surprise the reader or create a new kind of harmony.It's this experimentation that keeps poetry fresh and exciting.And don't forget the role of sound in poetry. The way words sound together can create a mood or atmosphere that's almost tangible. Alliteration, assonance, consonance... these are the tools poets use to play with sound, to create melodies that resonate deep within us.Finally, poetry is about expression. It's a way for us to communicate our innermost thoughts and feelings in a.。
英诗的格律1 音步Foot在汉语中，诗歌的节奏以词为单位，通过平仄变化来表现音韵的和谐。
英诗也如此，不过它的单位不是字(词)，而是“韵节”或“音步”( foot )，即一定数目的强弱音以一定方式的组合。
我们要求每行的字数相同，英诗则要求韵节数相同。
如果拿韵节来代替“字”，那么英诗也有与汉诗类似的一些规则。
我们看Wordsworth 的《孤独的收割女》 ( The Solitary Reaper )里的两句：O Listen! For the vale profoundIs overflowing with the sound.以韵节为单位写出来，就是<O Lis> <ten! For> < the vale> <pro found><Is o> <verflow> <ing with> <the sound>.每个<>为一个韵节，它由两个音组成，前一个是弱音，后一个是强音。
这样的韵节是最常见的所谓“抑扬格”( ia mbic foot )。
从这个分解可见，英诗是以音节为单位的，甚至把单词分开来。
这在口语里常见。
我们需要习惯的是，忘掉“词”的意思，只听声音。
有了抑扬格的例子，就不难理解所有其他形式了，据说古代有20 多种呢。
不过，现代英诗最通行的只有四种，除了抑扬格外，还有扬抑格( Trochaic foot )、抑抑扬格( A napaestic foot )、扬抑抑格( Dactylic foot )：若干韵节构成一行诗句，它的长度叫meter 。
最短的当然只有一个韵节 (monometer), 最长的有八个 (OCtameter ),而最流行的是五个，即所谓的“五音步”( pentameter )，而且常常是抑扬格的，这就是iambiC pentameter 。
一音步( monometer ) 二音步( dimeter ) 三音步( trimeter ) 四音步( tetrameter ) 五音步( pentameter ) 六音步( hexameter ) 七音步( heptameter ) 八音步( oCtameter )借音步来说，我们的七律是四音步的，如“无边落木萧萧下”，“春蚕到死丝方尽”等。
读英语诗歌的声调读英语诗歌的声调「篇一」要了解格律，首先要明了“音步”和“韵律”这两个概念。
1．音步(Foot)：英诗中重读与非重读音节的特殊性组合叫作音步。
一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节，但不能少于两个或多于三个音节，而且其中只有一个必须重读。
分析英文诗歌的格律就是将它的句子划分成音步，并分清是何种音步及音步的数量。
这个过程称为scansion。
如：诗句“From fairest creatures we desire increase” 要是分成音步的话，就变成了这个样子: Fro-m fai*re-st crea*ture-s we* de-sire* i-ncrea*se 上面“-”表示它前面是轻读音节，而“*”则表示它前面是重读音节。
我们于是看出：上面的句子共有五个音步，每个音步都是由前轻读后重读的两个音节组成，这样的音节被称为“抑扬格”。
颇有点唐诗的“平仄”的味道，但又有本质上的不同。
Tips：一个音步不必等于一个单词。
根据音步的数量，每一行一个音步的称为“单音步”(monometer)；每一诗行有两个音步的，称“双音步”(dimeter)；三个音步的，称“三音步”(trimeter)；此外还有四音步(tetrameter）、五音步、(pentameter)、六音步(hexameter)、七音步(heptameter)、八音步(octometer)。
2．韵律(Metre)：韵律是指音步在朗读时的轻重长短的节奏或规律，这要依据音步所含音节的数量及重读音节的位置来区分。
传统英诗的音步有六种，即：抑扬格(Iambus)扬抑格(Trochee)抑抑扬格(Anapaest)扬抑抑格(Dactyl)抑扬抑格(Amphibrach)扬抑扬格(Dactyl)“抑”为轻读音节，“扬”为重读音节。
“扬抑格”即一个音步有两个音节，前面的音节重读，后面的轻读。
同理，“扬抑扬格”即一个音步有三个音节，最前的音节重读，中轻读，后重读。
九年级英语英文诗歌韵律与节奏分析练习题20题(带答案)1. In Shakespeare's Sonnet 18, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate." What kind of rhyme is used between "day" and "temperate"?A. End rhymeB. Internal rhymeC. Slant rhymeD. Eye rhyme答案：A。
解析：End rhyme是指单词的最后一个音节押韵，在这两句诗中“day”和“temperate”是最后一个音节押韵，这种押韵方式使诗歌读起来朗朗上口，增加了诗歌的音乐性和节奏感。
2. Consider the following lines from a poem: "Hickory, dickory, dock. The mouse ran up the clock." What is the rhyme scheme here?A. A - AB. A - BC. A - B - A - BD. A - A - B - B答案：A。
解析：这里“dock”和“clock”押韵，这种相同的韵脚重复一次，所以是A - A的韵脚模式，这种简单的韵脚模式使儿歌富有节奏感，易于记忆。
3. In the poem "The Tyger" by William Blake, "Tyger! Tyger! burning bright, In the forests of the night." What type of rhyme is "bright" and"night"?A. Masculine rhymeB. Feminine rhymeC. Triple rhymeD. Monorhyme答案：A。
从威廉库伦布莱恩特《致水鸟》看英语诗歌韵律特点英语作文篇一"To a Waterfowl" by William Cullen Bryant is a really wonderful poem. This poem is like a beautiful song for a waterbird. It tells the story of a solitary waterbird flying in the sky.When it comes to the rhyme characteristics, it has some really interesting features. The rhyme scheme is quite regular in a way that gives the poem a musical feel. For example, there are many end rhymes. The way the last words of certain lines rhyme with each other makes the poem flow smoothly. Like "All day thy wings have fanned, / At that far height, the cold, thin atmosphere." Here, "fanned" and "atmosphere" rhyme at the end of the lines.The rhythm pattern is also remarkable. It's created by the combination of long and short syllables. The poem has a kind of iambic rhythm in parts. That is, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. This rhythm pattern is like a gentle heartbeat of the poem, making it not only easy to read but also very engaging. It gives the reader a feeling of the waterbird's flight, sometimes smooth and sometimes with a little bit of a flutter.中文翻译：威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特的《致水鸟》是一首非常美妙的诗。
英语诗歌的格律1．一首诗（a poem）往往包含有若干诗节（stanza 或strophe），每节又分为若干行（line 或verse），每个诗行由若干音步（foot）组成，音步是由一定数目的重读音节（arsis或ictus）和非重读音节（thesis）按照一定规律排列而成。
音步的排列方式构成英诗的格律（meter 或measure）。
2．依照每一音步中重读音节（扬）和非重读音节（抑）的排列方式，可以把音步分成不同种类，即格律。
常见的英语诗歌格律有四种。
a)抑扬格（Iambus; the Iambic Foot）：一个音步由一个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成。
b)扬抑格（Trochee; the Trochaic Foot）：一个音步由一个重读音节加上一个非重读音节构成。
c)扬抑抑格（Dactyl）：一个音步由一个重读音节加上两个非重读音节构成。
d)抑抑扬格（Anapaest; the Anapaestic Foot）：一个音步由两个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成。
不常见的几种格律。
e)抑扬抑格（Amphibrach; the Amphibrachy Foot）：一个音步由三个音节组成，其中第一、三个音节为非重读音节，第二个音节为重读音节。
f)扬扬格（Spondee）：一个音步由两个重读音节构成。
g)抑抑格（Pyrrhic）：一个音步由两个非重读音节构成。
3．音步也有完整和不完整之分。
诗行中每个音步的格律都相同，则为完整音步（actalectic foot）；如果诗行最末一个音步缺少一个音节，则为不完整音步（cactalectic）。
4．诗的各行音步数目不定，诗行按音步数量分为以下几种：一音步（monometer）二音步（dimeter）三音步（trimeter）四音步（tetrameter）五音步（pentameter）六音步（hexameter）七音步（heptameter）八音步（octameter）超过八音步的诗行在英语诗歌中较为少见。
5．音步的数目与格律结合起来，又可进一步细分为许多小类，如抑扬格一音步（iambic monometer），扬抑格一音步（trochaic monometer），抑抑扬格三音步（anapaestic trimeter），扬抑格四音步（trochaic tetrameter），抑扬格五音步（iambic pentameter），扬抑格六音步（trochaic hexameter）等。
从音步数目上看，三音步、四音步和五音步最为常见，尤其是抑扬格五抑，如十四行诗体（sonnet）、英雄双行体（heroic couplet）、素体诗或无韵诗（blank verse）等均以抑扬格五音步的诗行写成。
Basic Elements for Poetic AppreciationI. Prosodic system of poetry诗歌的音律系统1. Meter / Rhythm1). Meter / Rhythm is a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of verse.2). Foot (音步): the smallest unit of rhythm in a line of poem containing one stressed syllable and one or more unstressed syllables.3). The following are several frequent metrical feet:*Iambus(抑扬格): a metrical foot of two syllables, one short (or unstressed) and one long (or stressed).*Trochee (扬抑格): a metrical foot of two syllables, one long (or stressed) and one short (or unstressed).*Dactyl (扬抑抑格): a metrical foot of three syllables, one long (or stressed) followed by two short (or unstressed).*Anapest (抑抑扬格): a metrical foot of three syllables, two short (or unstressed) followed by one long (or stressed)4). Types of meters *Monometer(单音步诗) a line of poetry that has one metrical feet.*Diameter (双音步诗) a line of poetry that has two metrical feet.*Trimeter(三音步诗) a line of poetry that has three metrical feet.*Tetrameter(四音步诗): a line of poetry that has four metrical feet.*Pentameter(五音步诗): a line of poetry that has five metrical feet.*Hexameter(六音步诗): a line of poetry that has six metrical feet.*Heptameter(七音步诗): a line of poetry that has seven metrical feet.*Octameter(八音步诗) a line of poetry that has eight metrical feet.2. Rhyme1). Rhyme is the repetition of sounds in two or more words that appear close to each other in a poem.2). There are two types of rhyme:a. Internal rhyme (行间韵): is rhyme that occurs within a line.*Alliteration (头韵) is the repetition of initial consonant sounds in two or more words in a line.*Assonance (腹韵) is the repetition of vowel sounds in a line ending with different consonant sound as in* Consonance (假韵) is the repetition of similar consonant sounds, especially at the ends of words, as in lost and past or confess and dismiss.b. End rhyme (尾韵): is rhyme that occurs at the ends of lines.*Perfect rhyme (完全韵) is rhyme in which the final vowels (and consonant sounds) are identical, but with different initial consonant sounds, such as stay / play , fate / late.*Imperfect rhyme (不完全韵) is rhyme in which only the final consonant sounds are identical, the rhymed vowels and even the consonants might be similar but not identical, e.g. groaned and ground.* Eye rhyme (视韵)is rhyme in which words are spelled alike but not pronounced alike, such aswind/kind.3). Rhyme scheme (韵式)a. Rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhymes in a poem.b. There are three basic rhyme schemes: *Running rhyming scheme (连续韵): Two neighboring lines are rhymed. (aabb)*Alternate rhyming scheme (交叉韵): Poems are rhymed every other line. (abab)*Inclosing rhyming scheme (首尾韵): The first and the fourth lines are rhymed. (abba)II. Semantic system of poetry 诗歌的意义系统1. Image –the soul of the meaning of a poemThe best way to appreciate a poem is to understand the meaning that the images convey in the poem.1). Image refers to the words that trigger our imagination to recall or to recombine memory of mental pictures.2). Types of imagesa. According to our senses, images can be divided into the following types:*visual image视觉意象*auditory image听觉意象*olfactory image嗅觉意象*tactile image触觉意象*gustatory image味觉意象b. In terms of relationship between senses and objects, image can also be classified into two basic types:*literary image字面意象*figurative image比喻意象3). The purpose of employing imagesa. to stimulate the reader’s senses.b. to activate the reader’s sensory or emotional experience.c. to involve the reader in the creation of the poem with his personal and emotional experience.d. To strike the chord of the reader.引起读者共鸣2. The means of expressing meaning—figures of speech1). Comparison*simile明喻*metaphor 暗喻*conceit奇喻2). Personification拟人3). Symbolism 象征4). Hyperbole 夸张5). Allusion 典故6). Pun 双关7). Metonymy (借代): the use of the striking characteristic of a person or object to representthe whole person or the thing.8). Apostrophe呼语: the direct address of an absent or imaginary person or of a personified abstraction9). Synaesthesia (通感): the transformation of one sense to another sense.III. Divisions of poetry1. Stanza: Two or more lines of poetry that together form one of the divisions of a poem. The stanzas of a poem are usually of the same length and follow the same pattern of meter and rhyme.1). Couplet: a pair of lines that are the same length and usually rhyme and form a complete thought.*Heroic couplet: A stanza composed of two rhymed lines in iambic pentameter.2) Tercet: A stanza of three lines of verse. The three lines may or may not have the same end rhyme.*Triplet: A tercet in which all three lines rhyme.* Terza rima: A type of poetry consisting of 10- or11-syllable lines arranged in three-line "tercets" with the rhyme scheme aba bcb cdc, etc.3). Quatrain: A stanza or poem of four lines which can be written in any rhyme scheme.*Ballad stanza: A type of four-line stanza in which the second and fourth lines rhyme. The first and third lines have four stressed words or syllables; the second and fourth lines have three stresses. Ballad meter is usually iambic.4). Sestet: A stanza containing six lines, especially the last six lines of a Petrarchan sonnet.5). Octave: a verse form consisting of eight lines of iambic pentameter, especially the first eight lines of a Petrarchan sonnet6). Spenserian stanza: A stanza consisting of eight lines of iambic pentameter and a final alexandrine (a line of poetry that has 12 syllables), rhymed ababbcbcc, first used by Edmund Spenser in The Faerie Queene.2. Canto: One of the main divisions of a long poem.IV.Types of Poetry1. Narrative poems are poems that telling a story, such as epics, ballads etc. 1). Epic Poems are long narrative poems usually about gods, heroes, and legendary events; celebrates the history, culture, and character of a people.2). Ballad Poems are poems that tell a story similar toa folk tale or legend and are often meant to be sung.2. Lyric poems are poems that express the thoughts and feelings of the poet, such as sonnets or odes etc.1). Sonnet is a lyric poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme. There are two prominent types: Italian (or Petrarchan) sonnet and English (or Shakespearean) sonnet.*Italian (or Petrarchan) sonnets are divided into a eight-line octave and a six-line "sestet," with the rhyme scheme abba abba cdecde (or cdcdcd).*English (or Shakespearean) sonnets are composed of three quatrains and a final couplet, with a rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg.2). Odes are complex and often lengthy lyric poems, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject.3). An Elegy is a sad and thoughtful poem lamenting the death of a person. An example of this type of poem is Thomas Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard."3. Blank Verse is poetry that is written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.4. Free Verse is poetry composed of either rhymed or unrhymed lines that have no set meter.。
