2014年公共英语四级考试试题(十九)

最新全国英语等级考试pets四级阅读习题最新全国英语等级考试pets四级阅读习题公共英语四级信息 : 全国英语等级考试pets四级阅读习题Directions:It has been more than 30 years since man first landed on the moon. Some people think that space research is a waste of money. Write an essay of no less than 250 words.When it es to the issue of space research, people vary in their views. Some journalists or free lancers maintain that it is a waste of money. However, through decades of practice and observation, it proves that this ment has many limitations.Given the reasons above, it is safe to conclude that a nation has to enhance its awareness that space research is important for the human beings. On the other hand, central authorities is obliged to take broad actions to encourage space study. Still, FederalGover____ent is expected to set aside sufficient fund each year rather than reducing it. Only in this way can space research develop quickly and benefit human beings in the future.The mand of one or more foreign languages is now a valuable asset for young people. While some find it easy to learn a foreign language, others feel that it really gives them headaches. Write a 300-word expository essay illustrating different kinds of language learners.The issue whether a good mand of one foreign language is rather plex, since it involves a conflict between the divergent motives in language learning and the suitable approaches dealing with the target language.。

公共英语四级-146(总分：65.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section Ⅰ Use of English(总题数：1，分数：20.00)All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply 1 to all of us 2 the covers of books -- but we must know how to avail ourselves 3 this treasure and how to get 4 from it. The most 5 people all over the world, are 6 who have never discovered how 7 it is to read good books.I am very interested in people, in meeting them and 8 about them. Some of the most 9 people I"ve met existed only in a Writer"s imagination, then 10 the pages of his book, and then, again, in my imagination. I"ve found in books new friends, new societies, new words.If I am interested in people, others are interested not so much in who 11 in how. Who in the books includes everybody from science-fiction superman two hundred centuries in the future all the way back to the first 12 in history; how 13 everything from the ingenious explanations of Sherlock Holmes 14 the discoveries of science and ways of teaching manners to children.Reading can make our minds feel pleased, 15 means that it is a little like a sport: your eagerness and knowledge and quickness 16 you a good reader. Reading is 17 , not because the writer is telling you something, 18 because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works together with the 19 or even goes beyond his. Your experience, 20 his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.（分数：20.00）efulB.newC.readableD.available √解析：[解析] available“可获得的，可利用的”。

2023年12月英语四级真题和答案解析第第一部分：听力理解 (共20题)1.A2.C3.B4.C5.A6.B7.A8.C9.B10.A11.C12.B13.A14.B16.A17.C18.B19.C20.A第二部分：阅读理解 (共15题) Passage 121.D22.C23.A24.B25.DPassage 226.A27.C29.D30.APassage 331.C32.A33.B34.D35.C第三部分：完形填空 (共20题)36.D37.A38.C39.B40.C41.B43.D44.B45.A46.C47.D48.B49.C50.A51.D52.C53.A54.B55.D第四部分：翻译 (共5题)56.The new shopping mall will be opened next month, adding more choices for consumers.57.I have been studying English for four years, and Ihope to become fluent in it.58.The international conference will be held in Beijingnext week, attracting scholars from around the world.59.The company’s profits have been steadily increasingover the past three years.60.The government has implemented strict measuresto prevent the spread of the virus.第五部分：写作 (共1题)题目：Environmental Protection随着人们环保意识的增强，环境保护问题受到了越来越多的关注。

公共英语四级（PETS4）口试技巧及应试对策公共英语四级(PETS4)口试技巧及应试对策和其他级别的口试一样，PETS四级的口试试题也分为A、B、C三节。

下面是yjbys网店铺提供给大家关于公共英语四级(PETS4)口试技巧及应试对策，希望对大家有所帮助。

一.口试简介pets各级的考试均分为笔试和口试两部分分别进行。

大纲对四级的要求是：(1) 使用适当、精确的语言表达思想，并能产出较长的、内容连贯、达意的话语;(2) 积极的交流，并能使用有效的交流补救措施。

口试分为三节，考试时间约为12分钟。

采用两名考官对两名考生的形式。

其中一名考官负责评分，另一名考官主持口试。

专事评分的考官所给分数权重的三分之二，主持口试的考官给分占三分之一。

a节：考察考生自我介绍的能力约2分钟。

b节：考察考生就信息卡上的图片讨论并解决相关问题的能力。

约需3分钟。

c节：考察考生就信息卡上的图片进行连续表达及简短讨论的能力。

越7分钟。

二. 读的技巧口语能力的`提高很大程度上体现在阅读能力上。

考虑到四级考生的水平，应把重点放到“泛读”上。

在选材上注重时效性，多读英文报刊、杂志。

三. 听的技巧平时训练时，要充分利用已有的材料进行泛听。

增强语感。

中国国际广播电台的英语新闻要多听。

四.说的技巧要配合大量的口语训练。

口语的流利程度还受话题的影响。

据此，可以给自己设置场景，设置一个题目，难度因人而异。

由易到难。

五.应试对策(一) 朗读：跟录音带朗读，尽可能模仿坚持反复大量的朗读，就会形成较为纯正的语言表达习惯。

(二) 背诵：在朗读基础上，应当进行有目的、有选择地背诵。

所背诵的句型、短语及段落，务求与生活接近，实用。

(三)转换：转述自己刚听完的录音或文章用自己的话叙述。

这是非常有效的听说、读说结合的口语训练方法，通过转换来提高自己的归纳、总结能力，以便有效地表达自己的思想。

(四) 话：多练习一些表达不同目的的日常用语，以及适用于不同场合的套话，熟练掌握。

国家公共英语（四级）口试模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 考生个人情况介绍 2. 考生相互问答 3. 继续性问答考生个人情况介绍1．E First of all, we’d like to know something about you, so I’m going to ask some questions about yourselves.E What do you usually do during the holiday?E What do you think of western festivals, for example, Mother’s Day, Valentine’s Day, Christmas Day, etc.?E Which festival do you prefer to celebrate, western or eastern?E What is your most favorite festival and why?E Where would you like to spend your holidays, in the countryside or in the big city? E During these years some people call Labor Day and National Day golden-week, what is your opinion about this?E Are there disadvantages of celebrating a holiday or not?正确答案：E First of all, we’d like to know something about you, so I’m going to ask some questions about yourselves.E What do you usually do during the holiday?A Different people spend their holidays in different ways. As for me, during the holidays I most like to travel. You know, nowadays in China almost all middle school students have no time to see the outside world, they have to bury themselves to heavy assignments for the College Entrance Examination. There is a saying that reading volumes of books and trudging long distances, we learn much knowledge from books. But in modern society much more information comes from outside of class. Traveling not only increases my field of vision but also builds up my body, so I choose it.E What do you think of western festivals, for example, Mother’s Day, Valentine’s Day, Christmas Day, etc.?A In recent years, many western festivals have begun to catch on in China. Among these festivals Christmas’ Day, Mother’s Day, Valentine’s Day are the most popular. Although they are not traditionally celebrated in China, more and more Chinese are now observing these romantic Western occasions. These festivals help decorate our life and make it rich and colorful. But some Chinese youths pay less and less attention to some traditional Chinese holidays. For example, the Pure Brightness Festival, a time for worshipping at ancestral graves, is almost forgotten by youths. Fortunately, more and more Chinese begin to worry about this phenomenon.E Which festival do you prefer to celebrate, western or eastern?A When I was a child, I liked New Year most. I would be excited one month before that day was coming. In a child’s eyes, New Year means finery and no homework. When I grow up, I begin to understand my parents’ hard work. So when I leave home to begin my college life, I prefer Mother’s Day. It makes me study harder. I phone my mother in that day and say I love her. Although I have no girlfriend now, I know most girls prefer their boyfriends to present: a bunch of flowers on Valentine’s Day. Western and eastern festivals are both for the sake of making our lives rich and colorful, so I like them all.E What is your most favorite festival and why?B My most favorite festival is the Mid-autumn Festival. During the Mid-autumn Festival, there is a scene of great joyeverywhere. On the Mid-autumn Festival night the whole family gets together and has a wonderful supper. During the Mid-autumn festival, it seems that everyone is in a happy mood, no matter whether you are rich or poor, young or old. There is a friendly and happy atmosphere everywhere. All family members enjoy the same gladness, so I like Mid-autumn Festival most.E Where would you like to spend your holidays, in the countryside or in the big city? B I would like to spend my holiday in the countryside, partly because I live in a big city and I find it very difficult to put up with such problems in cities as pollution and traffic jams. I want to taste a new way of life. In the countryside, there is always something new, something fresh to see. Taking a holiday in the countryside, you’ll feel relaxed both in mind and body. Besides, it’s marvelous to get close to nature. I can go fishing after lunch every day, and also raise dogs without worrying about disturbing the neighbors.E During these years some people call Labor Day and National Day golden-week, what is your opinion about this?B Previously people only knew they could relax in holiday. With the society developing, many people have come to realize that holidays can stimulate the growth of the economy. If you walk down the street just before holidays, you will see lots of people spending their money on all sorts of items, such as computers and expensive clothes. With longer holidays people in China will spend their money on traveling, shopping and so on instead of saving. The circulation of currency is promoted in this way and some businesses such as tourism are booming. On the other hand, since people have more time to relax, their work efficiency has been greatly enhanced. Consequently, the growth of the economy has reached a high level. So the Labor Day and Nation Day are called golden-week.E Are there disadvantages of celebrating a holiday or not?B Holidays have many advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. Firstly, holiday can make you sick without your notice. People eat and drink too much, which is unhealthy, and many people get sick. Secondly, it brings pollution to environment) we can see more and more scenery and historic sites are destroyed by tourists. Thirdly, it’s a waste of money. Usually during holidays people will spend a large sum of money on presents, food, clothes, traveling and camping. All these produce a lot of waste and its plastic bags then cause pollution.考生相互问答2．Interlocutor:Now I’d like you to talk about something between yourselves but speak loudly so that we can hear you. You should take care to share the opportunity of speaking.(Put pictures for candidates in front of both candidates and give instructions with reference to the pictures.)I’d like you to talk about the pictures :The inspectors are coming!These pictures are for your reference. You have three minutes for this. Would you like to begin now, please?正确答案：Interlocutor:Now I’d like you to talk about something between yourselves but speak loudly so that we can hear you. You should take care to share the opportunity of speaking.(Put pictures for candidates in front of both candidates and give instructions with reference to the pictures.)I’d like you to talk about thepictures :The inspectors are coming!These pictures are for your reference. You have three minutes for this. Would you like to begin now, please?Candidates:A: What does the first picture show?[*]B:This picture shows that a farmer is herding a bull beside a river. The bull is thirsty and wants to drink. But the poisonous waste water is poured into rivers directly from a factory without filtering. Thus the water is polluted. I think if the bull drank the water it would die. Do you think so?A:Yes,I agree with you. The water discharged from most factories is badly polluted, which contains lots of poisonous chemicals. I think the peasant is very clever. In order to let his bull drink clean water, he shouts at the factory: “The inspectors are coming. “Can you describe what happens in the second picture?B:In the second picture, we can see that the river becomes clean and the bull can drink the water now. Do you know the reasons?A:The factory knows that the government has made laws to forbid factories to pollute the water. So when the peasant shouts the factory stops pouring polluted water. We should educate people and arouse the people’s awareness to protect environment.B:Yes,I also think so. Since people are dependent on water, they should be involved in preventing pollution. Recently, certain counter measures have been taken, but everyone should know that polluted water is hazard to all of us.A: Yes. If people continue to pollute their environment,human on the earth will not survive.Interlocutor:Thank you.继续性问答3．E I’m going to give each of you a picture and I’d like you to first briefly describe and then give your comment on what you see in the picture. Candidate A, this is your picture. You have three minutes to talk about it.E Thank you. Now, Candidate B, could you please ask your partner a question?E OK. Candidate B, here is your picture. You also have three minutes to talk about your picture.E Thank you. Now, candidate A, could you please ask your partner a question?正确答案：E I’m going to give each of you a picture and I’d like you to first briefly describe and then give your comment on what you see in the picture. Candidate A, this is your picture. You have three minutes to talk about it.A Although the net is so appealing and it provides us with so many chances in cyber space, face-to-face talk still has its own charm. Whatever you do, the most reliable way is to talk to him directly, several words can make a question clear. But if you phone him, probably it will cost you much time to explain it. In addition, face-to-face chat will make you feel great and happy. Of course this kind of communication has its faulty. If he is far away from you or if you are at work in your work time, you can’t chat face-to-face.E Thank you. Now, Candidate B, could you please ask your partner a question?B More and more security problems come in modern communication, what’s about your opinion?A With the development of modern communication, on one hand cheat and violence become more and more serious on network, on the other hand there is the problem of identity authentication in e-commerce. The existing of network virus and hacker is a threat to the security. It is surveyed the whole world spends at least 20 billion dollars every year on network security. In spite of that, thecrime through network is more and more serious. In my opinion on one hand it must take a whole series of measure to protect the network from all nodes, on the other hand everyone must learn some technology against virus and hacker.E OK. Candidate B, here is your picture. You also have three minutes to talk about your picture.B Although online chatting has some disadvantage, it must admit that it has also all kinds of advantages, and just these advantages make it flourishing. First, it can increase students’interest in computer studying; only when one is interested in the field can he make progress on it. Second, it provide people with a good place to talk. We can find all kinds of chatting room on net; it’s open and free. Third, you can make more friends who come from all kinds of field and have different hobbies and speciality. You can learn many knowledge from them and make friends with them. Fourth, online chatting can cure people’s psychological problems, In modern society people need a place to release, net is the best place.E Thank you. Now, candidate A, could you please ask your partner a question?A Can you assume how people communicate with others in the future?B This is an interesting topic. Several years ago we had only phone or telegram but now we can call your friend on web and we can see him at the same time. In the future communication technology will integrate with traffic tools and we can shake hands with anyone all over the world as we wish, and we even communicate with plants and animals, say nothing of the creature of remote celestial body. In the future we possibly have a chip in our brain, when we think, the counterpart can do it correspondingly.。

xx年公共英语四级模拟试题及答案从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.1. ----- will you be able to finish the job this week?----- , but I'm not skilled enough, you know.A.I can't say soB.I expect soC. I'm sure soD. I don't know so2. We arrived at the station late, or we the bus.A. too much; would catchB. a little too; had caughtC. much too; would have caughtD. too much; would have caught3. Is it the watch you want ?A. to have it repairedB. to repair itC. to have repairedD. to have repaired it4. The two thieves fled the town separately, a bag.A. each carryingB. whose that watch isC. whose watch is thatD. whose watch is5. The little boy can't tell .A. whose is that watchB. whose that watch isC. whose watch is thatD. whose watch is6. If a baby bird stays for two or three weeks after leaving the nest, it has a fair chance of being an adult.A. livingB. livelyC. aliveD. live7. We will not attack we are attacked; if attacked,we will certainly counter-attack.A. ifB. whenC. unlessD. even if8. You can take seat you like.A. no matter whatB. no matter whichC. whatD. whichever9. I to speak to you all these days.A. wantedB. have wantedC. shall wantD.shall be wanting10.A burning cigarette he threw into the wastepaper basket fire to the hotel.A. madeB. setC. causedD. caught11."Do you hear someone knocking at the door?""Yes, I did. I heard him three times."A. knockingB. knockedC. being knockingD. knock12.Peter, John and Tom each .A. say they came firstB. says they came firstC. says he came firstD. say came first13.Through long power lines electricity goes .A. to the place neededB. there it is neededC. whereit is needed D. which it is needed14. from the apple tree.A. It down fellB. there it is neededC. Down fell itD. Fell it down15.The service in this restaurant is very poor; there are not enough waiters to wait customers.A. onB. forC. withD. to阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D中选出能填入相应空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Linda was a few minutes late. Wilson 16 the office when she got there. His secretary told her he 17 back in a few minutes. She 18 sit down and wait for a few minutes inouter office."I'll never get this job," she 19 herself. For a moment she wanted to 20 the building. Just then, Wilson came 21the door and hurried into his office. A few minutes 22 his secretary took Linda in and introduced her,Linda apologized 23 . Wilson didn't seem to 24 .They chatted casually (随便地) for a few seconds and then 25 .He 26 her letter of application."You've never worked in radio or television before, 27 ? "he said. Now she was 28 that she would not get the job. Wilson asked her 29 questions.30 he seemed impressed with her other qualifications(资格).She was 31 when he asked her if she could start soon."I wonder if you'd mind 32 next month?" he asked 33 .34 seemed she had got the job 35 .16. A. had left B. has left C. was left D. would be leaving17. A. had been B. came C. was D. would be18. A. should B. had to C. would D. was able to19. A. told B. spoke C. said D. talked20. A. run out B run of C. run out of D. run away21. A. through B. across C. cross D. along22. A. latest B. last C. late D. later23. A. to being late B. for being late C. to be lateD. for the late24. A. mind B. listen C. notice D. hear25. A. took down with business B. came down to business C. settled down with business D. got downto business26. filled out B. took out C. sent out D. threw away27. A. haven't you B. do you C. have you D. don't you28. A. even more sure B. much sure C. even sure ofD. sure of29. A. a few such B. a few more C. much a fewD. more a few30. A. As her surprise B. To her surprised C. For her surprised D. To her surprise31. A. even more surprise B. even much surprise C. even more surprised D. even much surprised32. A. starting B. to start C. startD. started33. A. by a smile B. with a smile C. by smileD. with smile34. A. It B. This C. That D. He35. A. not at all B. after all C. allD. after that。

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷176(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. WritingSection I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfe PART ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.听力原文：When Mr. French retired, he bought a small cottage in the seaside village. The cottage was built in the late 16th century, but it was in a very good condition. Mr. French was looking forward to a quiet life. But in the summer holidays he got a shock. Hundreds of tourists came to the seaside village. Mr. French’s cottage was the most interesting building in the village and many of the tourists came to see it. From morning till night there were tourists outside the cottage. They looked through the windows and many of them even went into Mr. French’s garden. This was too much for Mr. French, he decided to drive the unwelcome visitors away, so he put up a notice in the window. The notice said: “If you want to satisfy your curiosity, come in and look around, price 5 pounds.” Mr. French was sure that the visitors would stop coming, but he was wrong. The number of visitors increased, and Mr. French spent every day showing them around his cottage. “I come here to retire, not to work as a guide,”he complained. In the end, he sold the cottage and bought a small modern house. It is an uninteresting little place and no one wants to see it, but it is certainly quiet and peaceful.1．正确答案：the seaside village.2．正确答案：16th century.3．正确答案：a quiet life.4．正确答案：many tourists.5．正确答案：modem house.PART BDirections: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below.听力原文：Teeth play an important role in our life. They bite and chew food so that it is small enough to be swallowed. They help us to form words so that we can speak properly. There are three sorts of teeth in our mouth. Incisors are for cutting. Canines are for tearing. Molars and pre-molars grind up food until it is small enough to swallow. If we don’t take care of our teeth, cavities and unhealthy gums will make our mouth very, very sore, and eating meals will be difficult. We won’t feel like smiling so much either. To prevent tooth disease, what we eat needs to be concerned about. Our teeth are like the body, also needs proper nutrition to fuel. Good nutrition gives us more energy and helps us maintain good health of teeth. Milk and milk products can provide calcium to strengthen teeth. Besides, vegetables and fruits are necessary because they are the best sources of vitamin C which contributes a lot to maintaining healthy teeth. The risk of cavities increases when we eat sweets between meals without brushing afterwards. To avoid teeth decay, limiting our intake of foods containing carbohydrates is necessary. Keep in your mind that we had better select food that contains little or no sugars or starches. Brushing properly breaks down plaque. You may have the habit of brushing teeth after breakfast and before bedtime. However, remember to brush after lunch or after having sweet snacks if you can. It’s also important to visit the dentist twice a year. Besides checking for signs of cavities or gum disease, the dentist will help keep your teeth extra clean and can help you learn the best way to brush and floss.6．正确答案：Cutting food7．正确答案：Proper nutrition8．正确答案：Vegetables and fruits9．正确答案：maintaining healthy teeth10．正确答案：sugars or starchesPART CDirections: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.听力原文：Weather is basically the way that the atmosphere is behaving, mainly with respect to its effects upon life and human activities. Perhaps it is hot, dry and sunny today where you live, but in other parts of the world it is cloudy, rainy or even snowy. We will change our clothes into shorts in the hot sunny day, while we often choose to stay indoors or change a jacket when it is cold and cloudy outside. Weather is like a naughty boy. It changes from day to day and from place to place. The weather forecast will tell us the condition of weather in advance. We needn’t to be worried about what to wear next day. Compared with weather, climate is much like an elder sister. It is more stable. It describes the weather condition of a particular graphic area over a specified time. Climate tells us what it is usually like in the place we live. It is the result of many physical actions on land, in the atmosphere, in the oceans and in space. They usually change slowly over hundreds of years. With the computer programs, the scientists can detect how the climate changes in years ahead. Data shows the earth has warmed about 1 centigrade in the past 100 years, and the temperature still continues to rise as the result of the greenhouse gases the human beings produce in the atmosphere. Some scientists predict that global warming caused by the greenhouse effect would cause more natural disasters like droughts and floods. So the study of climate is the same important as that of weather, because it also has large influence on people’s life.11．What is the meaning of “a naughty boy” in this passage?A．Weather is unpleasant.B．Weather is unstable.C．Weather is unbearable.D．Weather is uncanny.正确答案：B12．Which of the following is true for climate according to the passage?A．It changes very fast.B．It is warming all the time.C．It describes the weather condition over a long time.D．It often makes people worry.正确答案：C13．Which of the following actions cannot influence climate?A．Physical actions on land and in the oceans.B．Physical actions in the atmosphere.C．Physical actions in the space.D．Physical actions in the groundwater.正确答案：D听力原文：A: You look tired today. What is the matter with you?B: I didn’t sleep well last night.A: Oh, I am afraid you should try something to relax yourself. How about listening to some music? It works fine for me.B: I think I can have a try next time. Maybe it will do some help. Do you often listen to the music?A: Yes, I often listen to the music in my spare life. Music is part of our life.B: I cannot agree with you more. What kinds of music do you like the most?A: I like folk music. The tunes are beautiful and the lyrics are introspective. I often listen to folk when I drive. As a matter of fact, I like every kind of music, including classical one, blues, Jazz and so on. I have bought many books about music. There are detained introductions of nearly every kind of music in them. You can find any kind of music in them. I can lend some to you if you like.B: Fantastic! I think light music is better for me. It is better to be put as background music. It brings me comfort and can make me calm when I am worried.A: As for light music, I have two tickets of concert tonight. Would you like to go with me?B: I’d love to. But I haven’t finished my work today. A: It doesn’t matter.I think I could help you to deal with it.14．What is the matter with the woman?A．She is tired of the man.B．She has sleeping problem.C．She has too much work to do.D．She is homesick.正确答案：B15．Which of the following is true for the woman?A．She likes folk music the most.B．She feels worried while listening to folk music.C．She often listens to instruments when she drives.D．She prefers light music to folk music.正确答案：D16．What can be inferred from the dialogue?A．They will go to the concert together.B．The man goes to the concert himself.C．The man is a warm-hearted person.D．The woman refuses the invitation of the man.正确答案：A听力原文：The family is changing. In the past, grandparents, parents, and children used to live together, and they had an extended family. Sometimes two or more brothers with their wives and children were part of this large family group. But family structure is changing throughout the world. The nuclear family consists of only one father, one mother, and children. It is becoming the main family structure everywhere. The nuclear family offers women some advantages: they have freedom from their relatives, and the husband does not have all the power of the family. Studies show that in nuclear families, men and women usually make an equal number of decisions about family life. But wives usually have to “pay”for the benefits of freedom and power. When women lived in extended families, sisters, grandparents, and aunts helped one another with housework and childcare. In addition, older women in a large family group had important position. Wives in nuclear families do not often enjoy this benefit, and they have another disadvantage, too: women generally live longer than their husbands, so older women from nuclear families often have to live alone. Studies show that women are generally less satisfied with marriage than men are. In the past, men worked outside the home and women worked inside. Housework and childcare were a full-time job, and there was no time for anything else. Now women work outside and have more freedom than they did in the past, but they still have to do most of the housework. Women actually have two full-time jobs, and they have not much free time.17．Who used to live together in an extended family?A．Only grandparents and children.B．Brothers with their wives.C．Many relatives.D．Father, mother and their children.正确答案：C18．What advantages does the nuclear family offer women?A．They enjoy more freedom and rights.B．They can spend their money as they like.C．Their relatives help them with childcare.D．They have all the power of the family.正确答案：A19．What is another disadvantage of the nuclear family for women?A．Women are unable to get outside help.B．Older women often have to live alone.C．Family structure is more patriarchal.D．Their husbands don’t help them as usual.正确答案：B20．Many women are dissatisfied with marriage and the nuclear family because theyA．have to stay homeB．do not have enough moneyC．are too busy to have free timeD．have to look after their children正确答案：CSection II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.On the night of the play, Albert was at the hall early and he was already made-up long before the end of the first act. He certainly looked the part all right, he thought as he【21】himself【22】the mirror. He even【23】if he should go out into the street to see what【24】he made on people out there. Just for a【25】, of course! Then he was seized with a sudden attack of stage fright. How could he【26】all those people【27】the audience? He put his head in his hands and tried to【28】his lines. He had only a very small part, but his mind was a complete【29】A【30】on the door made him【31】. He felt really alarmed. He was due to go to stage in the second act. Had he missed his entrance and【32】the play for everybody? But it was only the producer, who noticed what a state he was in. She【33】he should go and stand near the stage where he could watch the play and follow in his script at the same time. It was a good way of getting【34】his nervousness, she said. She was right. It seemed to【35】. In fact, the more he watched the play, the more he became involved in it, so that he began to【36】himself part of it. At last the moment came for him to go on stage. But suddenly the producer was by his【37】again. This time she looked worried as she placed a hand on his arm to restrain him【38】. “I’m afraid you’re going【39】,” She said. “They’re jumped three pages of the script and have【40】your part out completely.”21．A．admired B．flattered C．gazed D．showed正确答案：A22．A．on B．with C．atD．in正确答案：D23．A．thought B．wondered C．hoped D．felt正确答案：B24．A．force B．image C．impression D．reaction 正确答案：C25．A．fun B．game C．joke D．play正确答案：C26．A．appear B．face C．meet D．see正确答案：B27．A．between B．of C．with D．in正确答案：D28．A．learn B．refresh C．remember D．remind正确答案：C29．A．blank B．gap C．omission D．space正确答案：A30．A．bump B．crash C．knock D．noise正确答案：C31．A．to look up B．look up C．looking D．looked up 正确答案：B32．A．delayed B．ended C．mined D．lengthened正确答案：C33．A．ordered B．reminded C．suggested D．told正确答案：C34．A．at B．over C．away D．through正确答案：B35．A．do B．manage C．win D．work正确答案：D36．A．push B．feel C．realize D．anticipate 正确答案：B37．A．shoulder B．side C．back D．place正确答案：B38．A．onB．offC．outD．back正确答案：D39．A．to disappointB．to have disappointedC．to be disappointedD．have disappointed正确答案：C40．A．forgottenB．lostC．missedD．omitted正确答案：CSection III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)Part BDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-mirror-the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping. According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth’s chief food-growing zones. In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words,by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarcitic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming takes place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth. However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has the most effect on the weather? On possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotated, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter of “colder” face to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward. Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a way of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性的) of the earth’s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.41．It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ______.A．prevent the sun’s rays from reaching the earth’s surfaceB．mean a warming up in the ArcticC．account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphereD．raise the temperature of the earth’s surface正确答案：D42．The article was written to explain ______.A．the greenhouse effectB．the solar effects on the earthC．the models of solar-weather interactionsD．the causes affecting weather正确答案：D43．Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is ______.A．mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are risingB．possibly because the ice caps in the poles are meltingC．exclusively due to the effect of the internal of the earth’s climateD．partly due to variations in the output of solar energy正确答案：D44．On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that ______.A．the climate of the world should be becoming coolerB．it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effectC．the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effectsD．the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect正确答案：A45．If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, ______.A．the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuelsB．ice would soon cover the northern hemisphereC．the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quicklyD．the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth正确答案：DPsychologists say the one factor that differentiates people who are creative from those who aren’t is belief-creative people believe they are creative. To be creative, you simply have to believe and act as if you are. Once you believe you are creative, you begin to find ideas and to imagine all kinds of probable and improbable solutions. Here are a few techniques to help you get started looking for ideas you may already have in your mind. Play a different role. Suppose you want to improve your company’s training program. Play the role of another person. Write, from the perspective of that role, what changes the person would make. Record any interesting thoughts or new ideas. Randomly pick something and compare it with your problem. Open a dictionary and randomly, without looking, pick a word. Force yourself to make a comparison between the problem and the word. Suppose you are having a problem with a manager and you randomly pick the word “pencil”. You might list the characteristics of the pencil and determine how those characteristics are like your problem. Imagine you have a magic wand (魔杖). Consider what changes or actions you will use the wand to create, especially those that wouldn’t normally be possible. After letting your imagination run, ask yourself what specific features of those wishes particularly appeal to you. Think of some feasible changes of actions that embody some of those specific features. Think outrageously. The more incredible and divergent from conventional thinking an idea is, the greater the possibilities for new twists. A frozen-fish processor used this technique. A line of hisfrozen fish tasted bland and boring. He tried everything to improve the taste, including keeping the fish alive in holding tanks until he put a predator (食肉动物) in the holding tank with fish. The fish kept moving to escape the predator and they retained their vitality and flavor. Challenge assumptions. Reserve the assumptions you make about problems. List the assumptions and write the opposite. Henry Ford challenged the practice of having workers to go where building materials were kept. In order to build cars, by creating a system that brought the materials to the workers instead. With this reversal, the assembly line was born. Be an artist. Write a poem about your job. Poetry helps give a voice to your wildest imagination, which may lead to new ideas. Try the above methods and test if your creativity might be somewhat improved.46．What does one have to be if he wants to make himself creative according to the author?A．He should try to be as creative as possible.B．He may set up a problem and then try to conceive all the possible solutions to it.C．He should study all the techniques mentioned in the passage and try to use them.D．He should play a different role from the one he plays now.正确答案：B47．What kind of techniques has the author used by taking the example of “a pencil”?A．Metaphor.B．Simile.C．Analogy.D．Association.正确答案：D48．What instruction does the author have in his mind by asking you to imagine you have a magic wand?A．To increase your imagination power.B．To conceive a magic trick.C．To set up particularly attractive wishes.D．To enable you to perform miracles.正确答案：A49．The sentence “the more incredible and divergent from conventional thinking an idea is, the greater the possibilities for new twists”can best beparaphrased as ______.A．The more far-fetched a thought is, the less possible it is to be wiseB．A good idea can often come to one’s mind unexpectedlyC．The more conflicting an idea is from the traditional way, the more likely it is to be put into practiceD．The farther an idea is from the generally accepted norms, the more useful it is to create new possibilities正确答案：D50．All the following things you are advised to do, according to the author, make one creative EXCEPT ______.A．to learn from such creative persons as Henry FordB．to develop one’s thinking power in every conceivable wayC．to sum up all the successful methods ever tried by creative peopleD．to learn to be more creative by doing easy things in an unusual way正确答案：CThe American educational system is based on the idea that as many people as possible should have access to as much education as possible. This fact alone distinguishes the U.S. system from most others, since in most others the objective is as much to screen people out as it is to keep them in. The U.S. system has no standardized examinations whose results systematically prevent students from going on to higher levels of study, as the British and many other systems do. Through secondary school and sometimes in post-secondary institutions as well, the American system tries to accommodate students even if their academic aspirations and aptitudes are not high, even if they are physically (and in some cases mentally) handicapped, and even if their native language is not English. The idea that as many people as possible should have as much eductaion as possible is, of course, an outcome of the Americans’assumptions about equality among people. These assumptions do not mean that everyone has an equal opportunity to enter Harvard, Stanford, or other highly competitive post-secondary institutions. Admission to such institutions is generally restricted to the most academically able. The less able can usaully matriculate in a post-secondary institution, as the Malaysians observed, but one of lower quality. As of March 1982, only 3 percent of all Americans aged 25 or more had completed less than five years of elementary school. Seventy-one percent of those 25 or more had completed four years of high school or gone beyond that, and 17.7 percent had completed four or more year of post-secondary education. The median number of school years completed was 12.6. The number of tertiary (that is, post-secondary) students per 100,000 inhabitants was 5,355. Some contrasts: the number of tertiary students per 100,000 in the population was 4,006 in Canada, in no other country, according to UNESCO data, was the number of post-secondary students above 2,700 per 100,000. Korea had 2,696 tertiary students per 100,000inhabitants; Japan, 2,030; the USSR, 1,970; Argentina, 1,890; HongKong, 1,353; Malaysia, 472; and Ethiopia, 48. Naturally, an educational system that retains as many people as the American system does is likely to enroll a broader range of students than a system that seeks to educate only the few who seem especially suited for academic work. In the American system, academic rigor tends to come later than it does in most other systems. In many instances, American students do not face truly demanding educational requirements until they seek a graduate (that is, post-baccalaureate) degree. Many other systems place heavy demands on students as early as their primary years - though college may be far less demanding, as is the case in Japan.51．According to the passage, the U.S. is different from most other countries in ______.A．cultureB．economyC．historyD．educational system正确答案：D52．The idea based on by the American educational system is that ______.A．the results of the examination systematically prevent the students from going on to a higher level of studyB．the U.S. tries as much to screen people out as it is to keep them inC．as many people as possible should have as much education as possibleD．the U.S. should have standardized examination正确答案：C53．The American’s assumptions about equality among people result in ______.A．standardized examinationB．academic aspirationsC．the idea of more people and more educationD．educational development正确答案：C54．In which countries was the numbers of tertiary students above 2,700 per 100,000?A．In U.S. and USSR.B．In Canada and Malaysia.C．In Argentina and Canada.D．In Canada and U.S..正确答案：D55．The American educational system places heavy educational demands on students ______.A．as early as their primary yearsB．before they seek a graduate degreeC．after they begin to seek a graduate degreeD．before they seek a bachelor degree正确答案：CMost people are familiar with comic books and comic strips. The comic strip is usually found in daily newspapers. It is made up of three or four picture panels telling a story with one or more characters. Some comic strips tell a different incident every day. In other comic strips the story continues from day to day until it is finished, and then a new story begins with the same main characters. Comic books are extensions of comic strips into magazines. Each magazine is about one set of characters, and the pictures tell a complete story. Generally comic books are printed in color. The words are prined in balloons over a speaker’s head to indicate the person speaking. A few sentences may be used to bridge a gap in a story, but most of the plot is carried by direct conversation and by action in the pictures. Comic book covers are made of glossy paper, and there are generally the same number of pages- usually 32 - in each book in a particular series. More than one story is included in each issue, and there is usually some advertising. Comic books are published regularly, that is to say, every month, every 2 months, or once a year. Because of their regular publication, they are often called comic magazines. Approximately 200 different titles are published. The exact number varies from month to month. Some people estimate that close to 500,000,000 copies of comic books are sold each year. Comic strips are not all-humorous stories. The Comics Magazine Association of American lists these types of comic books: adventure, animal, biography, detective, fantasy, mystery, history, humor, military, religion, romance, satire, science-fiction, teenage, “kiddie”, and western. Some types, such as adventure and humor, sell better, so there are more of them. However, the popularity of comic books has led many kinds of groups to use them to tell a story. There are comic strips in some Sunday school papers, the army uses the comic-strip technique in training soldiers, and many companies use comic books to tell their story behind a product or the history of their company. Comic strips began in newspapers as early as the 1870’s. Comic books similar to those published today first appeared in the 1930’s and were collections of comic strips previously printed. The next step in comic book history was the writing of stories for comic book use alone, using a single set of characters in two or three plots. The development of animated cartoon movies led to comic books about the same characters, such as Mickey Mouse. Sometimes a comic book retells a plot from a movie or a popular old book, in at least one case-Superman-the comic strip and。

公共英语四级-111(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Reading ComprehensionIf you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses" convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "On, that"s God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he"s a doctor."If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which **mon to all of you and it"ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman"s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn"t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it"s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It **es from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don"t succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.1. To make your humor work, you should ______A. take advantage of different kinds of audience.B. make fun of the disorganized people.C. address different problems to different people.D. show sympathy for your listeners.2. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ______A. impolite to new arrivals.B. very conscious of their godlike role.C. entitled to some privileges.D. very busy even during lunch hours.3. It can be inferred from the text that public services ______A. have benefited many people.B. are the focus of public attention.C. are an inappropriate subject for humor.D. have often been the laughing stock.4. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ______A. in well-worded language.B. as awkwardly as possible.C. in exaggerated statements.D. as casually as possible.5. The best title for the text may be______A. Use Humor Effectively.B. Various Kinds of Humor.C. Add Humor to Speech.D. Different Humor Strategies.Imagine waking up and finding the value of your assets has been halved. No, you"re not an investor in one of those hedge funds that **pletely. With the dollar slumping to a 26-year low against the pound, already-expensive London has become quite unaffordable. A coffee at Starbucks, just as unavoidable in England as it is in the United States, runs about $8.The once all-powerful dollar isn"t doing a Titanic against just the pound. It is sitting at a record low against the euro and at a 30-year low against the Canadian dollar. Even the Argentine peso and Brazilian real are thriving against the dollar.The weak dollar is a source of humiliation, for a nation"s self-esteem rests in part on the strength of its currency. It"s also a potential economic problem, since a declining dollar makes imported food more expensive and exerts upward pressure on interest rates. And yet there are substantial sectors of the vast U.S. economy-from **panies like Coca-Cola to mom-and-pop restaurant operators in Miami-for which the weak dollar is most excellent news.Many Europeans may view the U.S. as an arrogant superpower that has become hostile to foreigners. But nothing makes people think more warmly of the U.S. than a weak dollar. Through April, the total number of visitors from abroad was up 6.8 percent from last year. Should the trend continue, the number of tourists this year will finally top the 2000 peak? Many Europeans now apparently view the U.S. the way many Americans view Mexico-as a cheap place to vacation, shop and party, all while ignoring the fact that the poorer locals can"t afford to join the merrymaking.The money tourists spend helps decrease our chronic trade deficit. So do exports, which thanks in part to the weak dollar, soared 11 percent between May 2006 and May 2007. For first five months of 2007, the trade deficit actually fell 7 percent from 2006.If you own shares in large American corporations, you"re a winner in the weak-dollar gamble. Last week Coca-Cola"s stick bubbled to a five-year high after it reported a fantastic quarter. Foreign sales accounted for 65 percent of Coke"s beverage business. Other **panies profiting from this trend include McDonald"s and IBM.American tourists, however, shouldn"t expect any relief soon. The dollar lost strength the way many marriages break up- slowly, and then all at once. And currencies don"t turn on a dime. So if you want to avoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar, cancel that summer vacation to England and look to New England. There, the dollar is still treated with a little respect.6. Why do Americans feel humiliated?A. Their economy is plungingB. They can"t afford trips to EuropeC. Their currency has slumpedD. They have lost half of their assets.7. How does the current dollar affect the life of ordinary Americans?A. They have to cancel their vacations in New England.B. They find it unaffordable to dine in mom-and-pop restaurants.C. They have to spend more money when buying imported goods.D. They might lose their jobs due to potential economic problems.8. How do many Europeans feel about the U.S with the devalued dollar?A. They feel contemptuous of itB. They are sympathetic with it.C. They regard it as a superpower on the decline.D. They think of it as a good tourist destination.9. what is the author"s advice to Americans?A. They treat the dollar with a little respectB. They try to win in the weak-dollar gambleC. They vacation at home rather than abroadD. They treasure their marriages all the more.10. What does the author imply by saying "currencies don"t turn on a dime" (Line 2, Para 7)?A. The dollar"s value will not increase in the short term.B. The value of a dollar will not be reduced to a dimeC. The dollar"s value will drop, but within a small margin.D. Few Americans will change dollars into other currencies.If ambition is to be well regarded，the rewards of ambition — wealth, distinction, control over one"s destiny —must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition"s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, butsuch items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious." The attacks on ambition are many **e from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.11. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ______.A. its returns **pensate for the sacrificesB. it is rewarded with money, fame and powerC. its goals are spiritual rather than materialD. it is shared by the rich and the famous12. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ______.A. customary of the educated to discard ambition in wordsB. too late to check ambition once it has been let outC. dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goalD. impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition13. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ______.A. they think of it as immoralB. their pursuits are not fame or wealthC. ambition is not closely related to material benefitsD. they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible14. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ______.A. secretly and vigorouslyB. openly and enthusiasticallyC. easily and momentarilyD. verbally and spirituallyHawaii"s native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago"s political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origins, is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii"s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state"s homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty **mittee set up by Hawaii"s first native governor, Joahn Waihee, has given the natives" cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state -- as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA. , a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives" interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.15. Hawaii"s native minority refers to ______.A. Hawaii"s ethnic groupsB. people of Filipino originC. the Ka Lahui groupD. people with more than 50% Hawaiian blood16. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B. their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.D. They are the only native group without sovereignty.17. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?A. He is Hawaii"s first native governor.B. He has set up a sovereignty **mittee.C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.D. He is leading the local independence movement.18. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?A. American Indian natives.B. Office of Hawaiian Affairs.C. The Ka Lahui group.D. The Hawaiian natives.19. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT ______.A. a greater autonomy within the stateB. more back rent on the crown landC. a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD. full independence from the USEarly in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War Ⅱ，an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, "Our enormously productive economy...demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate." Americans have responded to Lebow"s call, and much of the world has followed. Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world"s two largest economics-Japan and the United States-show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.Overconsumption by the world"s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate. Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family **munity have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow, that misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.Of course, the opposite of overconsumption, poverty, is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash, and burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough .What level of consumption can the earth support ?When dose having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?20. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II .A. led to the reform of the retailing systemB. resulted in the worship of consumerismC. ve rise to the dominance of the new egoismD. gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers21. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption isA. the people"s desire for a rise in their living standardsB. the concept that one"s success is measured by how much they consumeC. the imbalance that has existed between production and consumptionD. the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals22. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A. Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.B. Because overconsumption won"t last long due to unrestricted population growth.C. Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.D. Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.23. According to the passage, consumerist culture.A. will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countriesB. will not aggravate environmental problemsC. cannot thrive on a fragile economyD. cannot satisfy human spiritual needs24. It can be inferred from the passage that.A. human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB. whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueC. how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemD. there is never an end to satisfying people"s material needsFew creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind"s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn"t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt"s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey"s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left — all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The **plex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the costs and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don"t need a dam to be saved.25. The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that ______.A. people would be happy if they shut their eyes to realityB. the blind could be happier than the sightedC. over-excited people tend to neglect vital thingsD. fascination makes people lose their eyesight26. In paragraph 5, "the powerless" probably refers to ______.A. areas short of electricityB. dams without power stationsC. poor countries around IndiaD. common people in the Narmada Dam area27. What is the myth concerning giant dams?A. They bring in more fertile soil.B. They help defend the country.C. They strengthen international ties.D. They have universal control of the waters.28. What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as ______.A. "It"s no use crying over spilt milk"B. "More haste, less speed"C. "Look before you leap"D. "He who laughs last laughs best"If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition —wealth, distinction, control over one"s destiny —must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition"s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious." The attacks on ambition are many **e from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.29. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ______.A. its returns **pensate for the sacrificesB. it is rewarded with money, fame and powerC. its goals are spiritual rather than materialD. it is shared by the rich and the famous30. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ______.A. customary of the educated to discard ambition in wordsB. too late to check ambition once it has been let outC. dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goalD. impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition31. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ______.A. they think of it as immoralB. their pursuits are not fame or wealthC. ambition is not closely related to material benefitsD. they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible32. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ______.A. secretly and vigorouslyB. openly and enthusiasticallyC. easily and momentarilyD. verbally and spiritually。

全国公共英语等级考试PETS-4考试试题及答案第一章　阅读A节（根据上下文填空）共享题干题【题干】Passage 1There was a time<u> 1 </u>parents who wanted an educational present for their children would buy a typewriter, a globe or an encyclopedia set.Now those<u> 2 </u>seem hopelessly old-fashioned: this Christmas, there were a lot of personal computers under the tree.Convinced that computers are their key<u> 3 </u>success, parents are also frantically insisting that children<u> 4 </u>taught to use them on school as early as possible.The problem for schools is that when<u> 5 </u>comes to computers, parents don't always know best.Many schools are yielding to parental impatience and are purchasing hardware<u> 6 </u>sound educational planning so they can say, "OK, we've moved into the computer age." Teachers found themselves <u> 7 </u>in the middle of the problem--between parent pressure and wise educational decisions.Educators do not even agree<u> 8 </u>how computers should be used.A lot of money is going for computerized educational materials that research has shown can be taught just aswell<u> 9 </u>pencil and paper.Even those<u> 10 </u>believe that all children should have access to computers warn of potential dangers to the very young.The temptation remains strong largely because young children adapt so well<u> 11</u>computers.First graders have been seen willing to work for two hours on math skills.Some have an attention span of 20 minutes.Not every school,<u> 12 </u>, can afford to go into computing, and that<u> 13</u>yet another problem: a division between the haves and have-nots.Very few parentsask<u> 14 </u>computer instructions in poor school districts, in<u> 15 </u>there may be barely enough money to pay the teacher.1.【填空题】______参考答案：when【羿文解析】分析句子结构可知，空格部分后面作time的定语从句。

全国英语等级考试四级(pets4)
全国英语等级考试四级（PETS4）是中上级别的考试，其难度和公共英语四级（PETS4）相当。

通过该级别考试的考生，其英语水平基本满足攻读高等院校硕士研究生非英语专业的需要，也基本符合一般专业技术人员或研究人员、现代企业经理等工作对英语的基本要求。

该级别的考生应能参与一般性或专业学术话题的讨论，不仅能够询问事实，还能询问抽象的信息。

能够就某一观点的正确与否进行争论，详细说明一个问题，一个过程，或一个事件。

此外还能就某个一般性问题或所熟悉领域的问题进行阐述，能适当运用基本的语法知识，掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。

全国英语等级考试四级由教育部主办，教育部教育考试院（原教育部考试中心）主持和实施的大规模标准化考试，是全国性的教学考试。

它的主要目的是促进中国大学英语教学工作，对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确地测量，为提高中国大学英语课程的教学质量提供服务。

考试的主要对象是根据教育大纲修完大学英语四级的在校专科生、本科生或研究生。

全国英语四六级考试的考试时间为：每年6月份、12月份（每年时间略有不同）。

如需了解更多关于全国英语等级考试四级的信息，建议查询官方网站或咨询相关机构。