2014年公共英语四级考试试题(十九)

最新全国英语等级考试pets四级阅读习题最新全国英语等级考试pets四级阅读习题公共英语四级信息 : 全国英语等级考试pets四级阅读习题Directions:It has been more than 30 years since man first landed on the moon. Some people think that space research is a waste of money. Write an essay of no less than 250 words.When it es to the issue of space research, people vary in their views. Some journalists or free lancers maintain that it is a waste of money. However, through decades of practice and observation, it proves that this ment has many limitations.Given the reasons above, it is safe to conclude that a nation has to enhance its awareness that space research is important for the human beings. On the other hand, central authorities is obliged to take broad actions to encourage space study. Still, FederalGover____ent is expected to set aside sufficient fund each year rather than reducing it. Only in this way can space research develop quickly and benefit human beings in the future.The mand of one or more foreign languages is now a valuable asset for young people. While some find it easy to learn a foreign language, others feel that it really gives them headaches. Write a 300-word expository essay illustrating different kinds of language learners.The issue whether a good mand of one foreign language is rather plex, since it involves a conflict between the divergent motives in language learning and the suitable approaches dealing with the target language.。

公共英语四级-146(总分：65.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section Ⅰ Use of English(总题数：1，分数：20.00)All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply 1 to all of us 2 the covers of books -- but we must know how to avail ourselves 3 this treasure and how to get 4 from it. The most 5 people all over the world, are 6 who have never discovered how 7 it is to read good books.I am very interested in people, in meeting them and 8 about them. Some of the most 9 people I"ve met existed only in a Writer"s imagination, then 10 the pages of his book, and then, again, in my imagination. I"ve found in books new friends, new societies, new words.If I am interested in people, others are interested not so much in who 11 in how. Who in the books includes everybody from science-fiction superman two hundred centuries in the future all the way back to the first 12 in history; how 13 everything from the ingenious explanations of Sherlock Holmes 14 the discoveries of science and ways of teaching manners to children.Reading can make our minds feel pleased, 15 means that it is a little like a sport: your eagerness and knowledge and quickness 16 you a good reader. Reading is 17 , not because the writer is telling you something, 18 because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works together with the 19 or even goes beyond his. Your experience, 20 his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.（分数：20.00）efulB.newC.readableD.available √解析：[解析] available“可获得的，可利用的”。

2023年12月英语四级真题和答案解析第第一部分：听力理解 (共20题)1.A2.C3.B4.C5.A6.B7.A8.C9.B10.A11.C12.B13.A14.B16.A17.C18.B19.C20.A第二部分：阅读理解 (共15题) Passage 121.D22.C23.A24.B25.DPassage 226.A27.C29.D30.APassage 331.C32.A33.B34.D35.C第三部分：完形填空 (共20题)36.D37.A38.C39.B40.C41.B43.D44.B45.A46.C47.D48.B49.C50.A51.D52.C53.A54.B55.D第四部分：翻译 (共5题)56.The new shopping mall will be opened next month, adding more choices for consumers.57.I have been studying English for four years, and Ihope to become fluent in it.58.The international conference will be held in Beijingnext week, attracting scholars from around the world.59.The company’s profits have been steadily increasingover the past three years.60.The government has implemented strict measuresto prevent the spread of the virus.第五部分：写作 (共1题)题目：Environmental Protection随着人们环保意识的增强，环境保护问题受到了越来越多的关注。

公共英语四级（PETS4）口试技巧及应试对策公共英语四级(PETS4)口试技巧及应试对策和其他级别的口试一样，PETS四级的口试试题也分为A、B、C三节。

下面是yjbys网店铺提供给大家关于公共英语四级(PETS4)口试技巧及应试对策，希望对大家有所帮助。

一.口试简介pets各级的考试均分为笔试和口试两部分分别进行。

大纲对四级的要求是：(1) 使用适当、精确的语言表达思想，并能产出较长的、内容连贯、达意的话语;(2) 积极的交流，并能使用有效的交流补救措施。

口试分为三节，考试时间约为12分钟。

采用两名考官对两名考生的形式。

其中一名考官负责评分，另一名考官主持口试。

专事评分的考官所给分数权重的三分之二，主持口试的考官给分占三分之一。

a节：考察考生自我介绍的能力约2分钟。

b节：考察考生就信息卡上的图片讨论并解决相关问题的能力。

约需3分钟。

c节：考察考生就信息卡上的图片进行连续表达及简短讨论的能力。

越7分钟。

二. 读的技巧口语能力的`提高很大程度上体现在阅读能力上。

考虑到四级考生的水平，应把重点放到“泛读”上。

在选材上注重时效性，多读英文报刊、杂志。

三. 听的技巧平时训练时，要充分利用已有的材料进行泛听。

增强语感。

中国国际广播电台的英语新闻要多听。

四.说的技巧要配合大量的口语训练。

口语的流利程度还受话题的影响。

据此，可以给自己设置场景，设置一个题目，难度因人而异。

由易到难。

五.应试对策(一) 朗读：跟录音带朗读，尽可能模仿坚持反复大量的朗读，就会形成较为纯正的语言表达习惯。

(二) 背诵：在朗读基础上，应当进行有目的、有选择地背诵。

所背诵的句型、短语及段落，务求与生活接近，实用。

(三)转换：转述自己刚听完的录音或文章用自己的话叙述。

这是非常有效的听说、读说结合的口语训练方法，通过转换来提高自己的归纳、总结能力，以便有效地表达自己的思想。

(四) 话：多练习一些表达不同目的的日常用语，以及适用于不同场合的套话，熟练掌握。

国家公共英语（四级）口试模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 考生个人情况介绍 2. 考生相互问答 3. 继续性问答考生个人情况介绍1．E First of all, we’d like to know something about you, so I’m going to ask some questions about yourselves.E What do you usually do during the holiday?E What do you think of western festivals, for example, Mother’s Day, Valentine’s Day, Christmas Day, etc.?E Which festival do you prefer to celebrate, western or eastern?E What is your most favorite festival and why?E Where would you like to spend your holidays, in the countryside or in the big city? E During these years some people call Labor Day and National Day golden-week, what is your opinion about this?E Are there disadvantages of celebrating a holiday or not?正确答案：E First of all, we’d like to know something about you, so I’m going to ask some questions about yourselves.E What do you usually do during the holiday?A Different people spend their holidays in different ways. As for me, during the holidays I most like to travel. You know, nowadays in China almost all middle school students have no time to see the outside world, they have to bury themselves to heavy assignments for the College Entrance Examination. There is a saying that reading volumes of books and trudging long distances, we learn much knowledge from books. But in modern society much more information comes from outside of class. Traveling not only increases my field of vision but also builds up my body, so I choose it.E What do you think of western festivals, for example, Mother’s Day, Valentine’s Day, Christmas Day, etc.?A In recent years, many western festivals have begun to catch on in China. Among these festivals Christmas’ Day, Mother’s Day, Valentine’s Day are the most popular. Although they are not traditionally celebrated in China, more and more Chinese are now observing these romantic Western occasions. These festivals help decorate our life and make it rich and colorful. But some Chinese youths pay less and less attention to some traditional Chinese holidays. For example, the Pure Brightness Festival, a time for worshipping at ancestral graves, is almost forgotten by youths. Fortunately, more and more Chinese begin to worry about this phenomenon.E Which festival do you prefer to celebrate, western or eastern?A When I was a child, I liked New Year most. I would be excited one month before that day was coming. In a child’s eyes, New Year means finery and no homework. When I grow up, I begin to understand my parents’ hard work. So when I leave home to begin my college life, I prefer Mother’s Day. It makes me study harder. I phone my mother in that day and say I love her. Although I have no girlfriend now, I know most girls prefer their boyfriends to present: a bunch of flowers on Valentine’s Day. Western and eastern festivals are both for the sake of making our lives rich and colorful, so I like them all.E What is your most favorite festival and why?B My most favorite festival is the Mid-autumn Festival. During the Mid-autumn Festival, there is a scene of great joyeverywhere. On the Mid-autumn Festival night the whole family gets together and has a wonderful supper. During the Mid-autumn festival, it seems that everyone is in a happy mood, no matter whether you are rich or poor, young or old. There is a friendly and happy atmosphere everywhere. All family members enjoy the same gladness, so I like Mid-autumn Festival most.E Where would you like to spend your holidays, in the countryside or in the big city? B I would like to spend my holiday in the countryside, partly because I live in a big city and I find it very difficult to put up with such problems in cities as pollution and traffic jams. I want to taste a new way of life. In the countryside, there is always something new, something fresh to see. Taking a holiday in the countryside, you’ll feel relaxed both in mind and body. Besides, it’s marvelous to get close to nature. I can go fishing after lunch every day, and also raise dogs without worrying about disturbing the neighbors.E During these years some people call Labor Day and National Day golden-week, what is your opinion about this?B Previously people only knew they could relax in holiday. With the society developing, many people have come to realize that holidays can stimulate the growth of the economy. If you walk down the street just before holidays, you will see lots of people spending their money on all sorts of items, such as computers and expensive clothes. With longer holidays people in China will spend their money on traveling, shopping and so on instead of saving. The circulation of currency is promoted in this way and some businesses such as tourism are booming. On the other hand, since people have more time to relax, their work efficiency has been greatly enhanced. Consequently, the growth of the economy has reached a high level. So the Labor Day and Nation Day are called golden-week.E Are there disadvantages of celebrating a holiday or not?B Holidays have many advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. Firstly, holiday can make you sick without your notice. People eat and drink too much, which is unhealthy, and many people get sick. Secondly, it brings pollution to environment) we can see more and more scenery and historic sites are destroyed by tourists. Thirdly, it’s a waste of money. Usually during holidays people will spend a large sum of money on presents, food, clothes, traveling and camping. All these produce a lot of waste and its plastic bags then cause pollution.考生相互问答2．Interlocutor:Now I’d like you to talk about something between yourselves but speak loudly so that we can hear you. You should take care to share the opportunity of speaking.(Put pictures for candidates in front of both candidates and give instructions with reference to the pictures.)I’d like you to talk about the pictures :The inspectors are coming!These pictures are for your reference. You have three minutes for this. Would you like to begin now, please?正确答案：Interlocutor:Now I’d like you to talk about something between yourselves but speak loudly so that we can hear you. You should take care to share the opportunity of speaking.(Put pictures for candidates in front of both candidates and give instructions with reference to the pictures.)I’d like you to talk about thepictures :The inspectors are coming!These pictures are for your reference. You have three minutes for this. Would you like to begin now, please?Candidates:A: What does the first picture show?[*]B:This picture shows that a farmer is herding a bull beside a river. The bull is thirsty and wants to drink. But the poisonous waste water is poured into rivers directly from a factory without filtering. Thus the water is polluted. I think if the bull drank the water it would die. Do you think so?A:Yes,I agree with you. The water discharged from most factories is badly polluted, which contains lots of poisonous chemicals. I think the peasant is very clever. In order to let his bull drink clean water, he shouts at the factory: “The inspectors are coming. “Can you describe what happens in the second picture?B:In the second picture, we can see that the river becomes clean and the bull can drink the water now. Do you know the reasons?A:The factory knows that the government has made laws to forbid factories to pollute the water. So when the peasant shouts the factory stops pouring polluted water. We should educate people and arouse the people’s awareness to protect environment.B:Yes,I also think so. Since people are dependent on water, they should be involved in preventing pollution. Recently, certain counter measures have been taken, but everyone should know that polluted water is hazard to all of us.A: Yes. If people continue to pollute their environment,human on the earth will not survive.Interlocutor:Thank you.继续性问答3．E I’m going to give each of you a picture and I’d like you to first briefly describe and then give your comment on what you see in the picture. Candidate A, this is your picture. You have three minutes to talk about it.E Thank you. Now, Candidate B, could you please ask your partner a question?E OK. Candidate B, here is your picture. You also have three minutes to talk about your picture.E Thank you. Now, candidate A, could you please ask your partner a question?正确答案：E I’m going to give each of you a picture and I’d like you to first briefly describe and then give your comment on what you see in the picture. Candidate A, this is your picture. You have three minutes to talk about it.A Although the net is so appealing and it provides us with so many chances in cyber space, face-to-face talk still has its own charm. Whatever you do, the most reliable way is to talk to him directly, several words can make a question clear. But if you phone him, probably it will cost you much time to explain it. In addition, face-to-face chat will make you feel great and happy. Of course this kind of communication has its faulty. If he is far away from you or if you are at work in your work time, you can’t chat face-to-face.E Thank you. Now, Candidate B, could you please ask your partner a question?B More and more security problems come in modern communication, what’s about your opinion?A With the development of modern communication, on one hand cheat and violence become more and more serious on network, on the other hand there is the problem of identity authentication in e-commerce. The existing of network virus and hacker is a threat to the security. It is surveyed the whole world spends at least 20 billion dollars every year on network security. In spite of that, thecrime through network is more and more serious. In my opinion on one hand it must take a whole series of measure to protect the network from all nodes, on the other hand everyone must learn some technology against virus and hacker.E OK. Candidate B, here is your picture. You also have three minutes to talk about your picture.B Although online chatting has some disadvantage, it must admit that it has also all kinds of advantages, and just these advantages make it flourishing. First, it can increase students’interest in computer studying; only when one is interested in the field can he make progress on it. Second, it provide people with a good place to talk. We can find all kinds of chatting room on net; it’s open and free. Third, you can make more friends who come from all kinds of field and have different hobbies and speciality. You can learn many knowledge from them and make friends with them. Fourth, online chatting can cure people’s psychological problems, In modern society people need a place to release, net is the best place.E Thank you. Now, candidate A, could you please ask your partner a question?A Can you assume how people communicate with others in the future?B This is an interesting topic. Several years ago we had only phone or telegram but now we can call your friend on web and we can see him at the same time. In the future communication technology will integrate with traffic tools and we can shake hands with anyone all over the world as we wish, and we even communicate with plants and animals, say nothing of the creature of remote celestial body. In the future we possibly have a chip in our brain, when we think, the counterpart can do it correspondingly.。

xx年公共英语四级模拟试题及答案从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.1. ----- will you be able to finish the job this week?----- , but I'm not skilled enough, you know.A.I can't say soB.I expect soC. I'm sure soD. I don't know so2. We arrived at the station late, or we the bus.A. too much; would catchB. a little too; had caughtC. much too; would have caughtD. too much; would have caught3. Is it the watch you want ?A. to have it repairedB. to repair itC. to have repairedD. to have repaired it4. The two thieves fled the town separately, a bag.A. each carryingB. whose that watch isC. whose watch is thatD. whose watch is5. The little boy can't tell .A. whose is that watchB. whose that watch isC. whose watch is thatD. whose watch is6. If a baby bird stays for two or three weeks after leaving the nest, it has a fair chance of being an adult.A. livingB. livelyC. aliveD. live7. We will not attack we are attacked; if attacked,we will certainly counter-attack.A. ifB. whenC. unlessD. even if8. You can take seat you like.A. no matter whatB. no matter whichC. whatD. whichever9. I to speak to you all these days.A. wantedB. have wantedC. shall wantD.shall be wanting10.A burning cigarette he threw into the wastepaper basket fire to the hotel.A. madeB. setC. causedD. caught11."Do you hear someone knocking at the door?""Yes, I did. I heard him three times."A. knockingB. knockedC. being knockingD. knock12.Peter, John and Tom each .A. say they came firstB. says they came firstC. says he came firstD. say came first13.Through long power lines electricity goes .A. to the place neededB. there it is neededC. whereit is needed D. which it is needed14. from the apple tree.A. It down fellB. there it is neededC. Down fell itD. Fell it down15.The service in this restaurant is very poor; there are not enough waiters to wait customers.A. onB. forC. withD. to阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D中选出能填入相应空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Linda was a few minutes late. Wilson 16 the office when she got there. His secretary told her he 17 back in a few minutes. She 18 sit down and wait for a few minutes inouter office."I'll never get this job," she 19 herself. For a moment she wanted to 20 the building. Just then, Wilson came 21the door and hurried into his office. A few minutes 22 his secretary took Linda in and introduced her,Linda apologized 23 . Wilson didn't seem to 24 .They chatted casually (随便地) for a few seconds and then 25 .He 26 her letter of application."You've never worked in radio or television before, 27 ? "he said. Now she was 28 that she would not get the job. Wilson asked her 29 questions.30 he seemed impressed with her other qualifications(资格).She was 31 when he asked her if she could start soon."I wonder if you'd mind 32 next month?" he asked 33 .34 seemed she had got the job 35 .16. A. had left B. has left C. was left D. would be leaving17. A. had been B. came C. was D. would be18. A. should B. had to C. would D. was able to19. A. told B. spoke C. said D. talked20. A. run out B run of C. run out of D. run away21. A. through B. across C. cross D. along22. A. latest B. last C. late D. later23. A. to being late B. for being late C. to be lateD. for the late24. A. mind B. listen C. notice D. hear25. A. took down with business B. came down to business C. settled down with business D. got downto business26. filled out B. took out C. sent out D. threw away27. A. haven't you B. do you C. have you D. don't you28. A. even more sure B. much sure C. even sure ofD. sure of29. A. a few such B. a few more C. much a fewD. more a few30. A. As her surprise B. To her surprised C. For her surprised D. To her surprise31. A. even more surprise B. even much surprise C. even more surprised D. even much surprised32. A. starting B. to start C. startD. started33. A. by a smile B. with a smile C. by smileD. with smile34. A. It B. This C. That D. He35. A. not at all B. after all C. allD. after that。

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷176(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. WritingSection I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfe PART ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.听力原文：When Mr. French retired, he bought a small cottage in the seaside village. The cottage was built in the late 16th century, but it was in a very good condition. Mr. French was looking forward to a quiet life. But in the summer holidays he got a shock. Hundreds of tourists came to the seaside village. Mr. French’s cottage was the most interesting building in the village and many of the tourists came to see it. From morning till night there were tourists outside the cottage. They looked through the windows and many of them even went into Mr. French’s garden. This was too much for Mr. French, he decided to drive the unwelcome visitors away, so he put up a notice in the window. The notice said: “If you want to satisfy your curiosity, come in and look around, price 5 pounds.” Mr. French was sure that the visitors would stop coming, but he was wrong. The number of visitors increased, and Mr. French spent every day showing them around his cottage. “I come here to retire, not to work as a guide,”he complained. In the end, he sold the cottage and bought a small modern house. It is an uninteresting little place and no one wants to see it, but it is certainly quiet and peaceful.1．正确答案：the seaside village.2．正确答案：16th century.3．正确答案：a quiet life.4．正确答案：many tourists.5．正确答案：modem house.PART BDirections: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below.听力原文：Teeth play an important role in our life. They bite and chew food so that it is small enough to be swallowed. They help us to form words so that we can speak properly. There are three sorts of teeth in our mouth. Incisors are for cutting. Canines are for tearing. Molars and pre-molars grind up food until it is small enough to swallow. If we don’t take care of our teeth, cavities and unhealthy gums will make our mouth very, very sore, and eating meals will be difficult. We won’t feel like smiling so much either. To prevent tooth disease, what we eat needs to be concerned about. Our teeth are like the body, also needs proper nutrition to fuel. Good nutrition gives us more energy and helps us maintain good health of teeth. Milk and milk products can provide calcium to strengthen teeth. Besides, vegetables and fruits are necessary because they are the best sources of vitamin C which contributes a lot to maintaining healthy teeth. The risk of cavities increases when we eat sweets between meals without brushing afterwards. To avoid teeth decay, limiting our intake of foods containing carbohydrates is necessary. Keep in your mind that we had better select food that contains little or no sugars or starches. Brushing properly breaks down plaque. You may have the habit of brushing teeth after breakfast and before bedtime. However, remember to brush after lunch or after having sweet snacks if you can. It’s also important to visit the dentist twice a year. Besides checking for signs of cavities or gum disease, the dentist will help keep your teeth extra clean and can help you learn the best way to brush and floss.6．正确答案：Cutting food7．正确答案：Proper nutrition8．正确答案：Vegetables and fruits9．正确答案：maintaining healthy teeth10．正确答案：sugars or starchesPART CDirections: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.听力原文：Weather is basically the way that the atmosphere is behaving, mainly with respect to its effects upon life and human activities. Perhaps it is hot, dry and sunny today where you live, but in other parts of the world it is cloudy, rainy or even snowy. We will change our clothes into shorts in the hot sunny day, while we often choose to stay indoors or change a jacket when it is cold and cloudy outside. Weather is like a naughty boy. It changes from day to day and from place to place. The weather forecast will tell us the condition of weather in advance. We needn’t to be worried about what to wear next day. Compared with weather, climate is much like an elder sister. It is more stable. It describes the weather condition of a particular graphic area over a specified time. Climate tells us what it is usually like in the place we live. It is the result of many physical actions on land, in the atmosphere, in the oceans and in space. They usually change slowly over hundreds of years. With the computer programs, the scientists can detect how the climate changes in years ahead. Data shows the earth has warmed about 1 centigrade in the past 100 years, and the temperature still continues to rise as the result of the greenhouse gases the human beings produce in the atmosphere. Some scientists predict that global warming caused by the greenhouse effect would cause more natural disasters like droughts and floods. So the study of climate is the same important as that of weather, because it also has large influence on people’s life.11．What is the meaning of “a naughty boy” in this passage?A．Weather is unpleasant.B．Weather is unstable.C．Weather is unbearable.D．Weather is uncanny.正确答案：B12．Which of the following is true for climate according to the passage?A．It changes very fast.B．It is warming all the time.C．It describes the weather condition over a long time.D．It often makes people worry.正确答案：C13．Which of the following actions cannot influence climate?A．Physical actions on land and in the oceans.B．Physical actions in the atmosphere.C．Physical actions in the space.D．Physical actions in the groundwater.正确答案：D听力原文：A: You look tired today. What is the matter with you?B: I didn’t sleep well last night.A: Oh, I am afraid you should try something to relax yourself. How about listening to some music? It works fine for me.B: I think I can have a try next time. Maybe it will do some help. Do you often listen to the music?A: Yes, I often listen to the music in my spare life. Music is part of our life.B: I cannot agree with you more. What kinds of music do you like the most?A: I like folk music. The tunes are beautiful and the lyrics are introspective. I often listen to folk when I drive. As a matter of fact, I like every kind of music, including classical one, blues, Jazz and so on. I have bought many books about music. There are detained introductions of nearly every kind of music in them. You can find any kind of music in them. I can lend some to you if you like.B: Fantastic! I think light music is better for me. It is better to be put as background music. It brings me comfort and can make me calm when I am worried.A: As for light music, I have two tickets of concert tonight. Would you like to go with me?B: I’d love to. But I haven’t finished my work today. A: It doesn’t matter.I think I could help you to deal with it.14．What is the matter with the woman?A．She is tired of the man.B．She has sleeping problem.C．She has too much work to do.D．She is homesick.正确答案：B15．Which of the following is true for the woman?A．She likes folk music the most.B．She feels worried while listening to folk music.C．She often listens to instruments when she drives.D．She prefers light music to folk music.正确答案：D16．What can be inferred from the dialogue?A．They will go to the concert together.B．The man goes to the concert himself.C．The man is a warm-hearted person.D．The woman refuses the invitation of the man.正确答案：A听力原文：The family is changing. In the past, grandparents, parents, and children used to live together, and they had an extended family. Sometimes two or more brothers with their wives and children were part of this large family group. But family structure is changing throughout the world. The nuclear family consists of only one father, one mother, and children. It is becoming the main family structure everywhere. The nuclear family offers women some advantages: they have freedom from their relatives, and the husband does not have all the power of the family. Studies show that in nuclear families, men and women usually make an equal number of decisions about family life. But wives usually have to “pay”for the benefits of freedom and power. When women lived in extended families, sisters, grandparents, and aunts helped one another with housework and childcare. In addition, older women in a large family group had important position. Wives in nuclear families do not often enjoy this benefit, and they have another disadvantage, too: women generally live longer than their husbands, so older women from nuclear families often have to live alone. Studies show that women are generally less satisfied with marriage than men are. In the past, men worked outside the home and women worked inside. Housework and childcare were a full-time job, and there was no time for anything else. Now women work outside and have more freedom than they did in the past, but they still have to do most of the housework. Women actually have two full-time jobs, and they have not much free time.17．Who used to live together in an extended family?A．Only grandparents and children.B．Brothers with their wives.C．Many relatives.D．Father, mother and their children.正确答案：C18．What advantages does the nuclear family offer women?A．They enjoy more freedom and rights.B．They can spend their money as they like.C．Their relatives help them with childcare.D．They have all the power of the family.正确答案：A19．What is another disadvantage of the nuclear family for women?A．Women are unable to get outside help.B．Older women often have to live alone.C．Family structure is more patriarchal.D．Their husbands don’t help them as usual.正确答案：B20．Many women are dissatisfied with marriage and the nuclear family because theyA．have to stay homeB．do not have enough moneyC．are too busy to have free timeD．have to look after their children正确答案：CSection II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.On the night of the play, Albert was at the hall early and he was already made-up long before the end of the first act. He certainly looked the part all right, he thought as he【21】himself【22】the mirror. He even【23】if he should go out into the street to see what【24】he made on people out there. Just for a【25】, of course! Then he was seized with a sudden attack of stage fright. How could he【26】all those people【27】the audience? He put his head in his hands and tried to【28】his lines. He had only a very small part, but his mind was a complete【29】A【30】on the door made him【31】. He felt really alarmed. He was due to go to stage in the second act. Had he missed his entrance and【32】the play for everybody? But it was only the producer, who noticed what a state he was in. She【33】he should go and stand near the stage where he could watch the play and follow in his script at the same time. It was a good way of getting【34】his nervousness, she said. She was right. It seemed to【35】. In fact, the more he watched the play, the more he became involved in it, so that he began to【36】himself part of it. At last the moment came for him to go on stage. But suddenly the producer was by his【37】again. This time she looked worried as she placed a hand on his arm to restrain him【38】. “I’m afraid you’re going【39】,” She said. “They’re jumped three pages of the script and have【40】your part out completely.”21．A．admired B．flattered C．gazed D．showed正确答案：A22．A．on B．with C．atD．in正确答案：D23．A．thought B．wondered C．hoped D．felt正确答案：B24．A．force B．image C．impression D．reaction 正确答案：C25．A．fun B．game C．joke D．play正确答案：C26．A．appear B．face C．meet D．see正确答案：B27．A．between B．of C．with D．in正确答案：D28．A．learn B．refresh C．remember D．remind正确答案：C29．A．blank B．gap C．omission D．space正确答案：A30．A．bump B．crash C．knock D．noise正确答案：C31．A．to look up B．look up C．looking D．looked up 正确答案：B32．A．delayed B．ended C．mined D．lengthened正确答案：C33．A．ordered B．reminded C．suggested D．told正确答案：C34．A．at B．over C．away D．through正确答案：B35．A．do B．manage C．win D．work正确答案：D36．A．push B．feel C．realize D．anticipate 正确答案：B37．A．shoulder B．side C．back D．place正确答案：B38．A．onB．offC．outD．back正确答案：D39．A．to disappointB．to have disappointedC．to be disappointedD．have disappointed正确答案：C40．A．forgottenB．lostC．missedD．omitted正确答案：CSection III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)Part BDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-mirror-the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping. According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth’s chief food-growing zones. In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words,by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarcitic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming takes place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth. However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has the most effect on the weather? On possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotated, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter of “colder” face to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward. Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a way of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia (惯性的) of the earth’s climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.41．It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ______.A．prevent the sun’s rays from reaching the earth’s surfaceB．mean a warming up in the ArcticC．account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphereD．raise the temperature of the earth’s surface正确答案：D42．The article was written to explain ______.A．the greenhouse effectB．the solar effects on the earthC．the models of solar-weather interactionsD．the causes affecting weather正确答案：D43．Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is ______.A．mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are risingB．possibly because the ice caps in the poles are meltingC．exclusively due to the effect of the internal of the earth’s climateD．partly due to variations in the output of solar energy正确答案：D44．On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that ______.A．the climate of the world should be becoming coolerB．it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth’s climate to take effectC．the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effectsD．the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect正确答案：A45．If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, ______.A．the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuelsB．ice would soon cover the northern hemisphereC．the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quicklyD．the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth正确答案：DPsychologists say the one factor that differentiates people who are creative from those who aren’t is belief-creative people believe they are creative. To be creative, you simply have to believe and act as if you are. Once you believe you are creative, you begin to find ideas and to imagine all kinds of probable and improbable solutions. Here are a few techniques to help you get started looking for ideas you may already have in your mind. Play a different role. Suppose you want to improve your company’s training program. Play the role of another person. Write, from the perspective of that role, what changes the person would make. Record any interesting thoughts or new ideas. Randomly pick something and compare it with your problem. Open a dictionary and randomly, without looking, pick a word. Force yourself to make a comparison between the problem and the word. Suppose you are having a problem with a manager and you randomly pick the word “pencil”. You might list the characteristics of the pencil and determine how those characteristics are like your problem. Imagine you have a magic wand (魔杖). Consider what changes or actions you will use the wand to create, especially those that wouldn’t normally be possible. After letting your imagination run, ask yourself what specific features of those wishes particularly appeal to you. Think of some feasible changes of actions that embody some of those specific features. Think outrageously. The more incredible and divergent from conventional thinking an idea is, the greater the possibilities for new twists. A frozen-fish processor used this technique. A line of hisfrozen fish tasted bland and boring. He tried everything to improve the taste, including keeping the fish alive in holding tanks until he put a predator (食肉动物) in the holding tank with fish. The fish kept moving to escape the predator and they retained their vitality and flavor. Challenge assumptions. Reserve the assumptions you make about problems. List the assumptions and write the opposite. Henry Ford challenged the practice of having workers to go where building materials were kept. In order to build cars, by creating a system that brought the materials to the workers instead. With this reversal, the assembly line was born. Be an artist. Write a poem about your job. Poetry helps give a voice to your wildest imagination, which may lead to new ideas. Try the above methods and test if your creativity might be somewhat improved.46．What does one have to be if he wants to make himself creative according to the author?A．He should try to be as creative as possible.B．He may set up a problem and then try to conceive all the possible solutions to it.C．He should study all the techniques mentioned in the passage and try to use them.D．He should play a different role from the one he plays now.正确答案：B47．What kind of techniques has the author used by taking the example of “a pencil”?A．Metaphor.B．Simile.C．Analogy.D．Association.正确答案：D48．What instruction does the author have in his mind by asking you to imagine you have a magic wand?A．To increase your imagination power.B．To conceive a magic trick.C．To set up particularly attractive wishes.D．To enable you to perform miracles.正确答案：A49．The sentence “the more incredible and divergent from conventional thinking an idea is, the greater the possibilities for new twists”can best beparaphrased as ______.A．The more far-fetched a thought is, the less possible it is to be wiseB．A good idea can often come to one’s mind unexpectedlyC．The more conflicting an idea is from the traditional way, the more likely it is to be put into practiceD．The farther an idea is from the generally accepted norms, the more useful it is to create new possibilities正确答案：D50．All the following things you are advised to do, according to the author, make one creative EXCEPT ______.A．to learn from such creative persons as Henry FordB．to develop one’s thinking power in every conceivable wayC．to sum up all the successful methods ever tried by creative peopleD．to learn to be more creative by doing easy things in an unusual way正确答案：CThe American educational system is based on the idea that as many people as possible should have access to as much education as possible. This fact alone distinguishes the U.S. system from most others, since in most others the objective is as much to screen people out as it is to keep them in. The U.S. system has no standardized examinations whose results systematically prevent students from going on to higher levels of study, as the British and many other systems do. Through secondary school and sometimes in post-secondary institutions as well, the American system tries to accommodate students even if their academic aspirations and aptitudes are not high, even if they are physically (and in some cases mentally) handicapped, and even if their native language is not English. The idea that as many people as possible should have as much eductaion as possible is, of course, an outcome of the Americans’assumptions about equality among people. These assumptions do not mean that everyone has an equal opportunity to enter Harvard, Stanford, or other highly competitive post-secondary institutions. Admission to such institutions is generally restricted to the most academically able. The less able can usaully matriculate in a post-secondary institution, as the Malaysians observed, but one of lower quality. As of March 1982, only 3 percent of all Americans aged 25 or more had completed less than five years of elementary school. Seventy-one percent of those 25 or more had completed four years of high school or gone beyond that, and 17.7 percent had completed four or more year of post-secondary education. The median number of school years completed was 12.6. The number of tertiary (that is, post-secondary) students per 100,000 inhabitants was 5,355. Some contrasts: the number of tertiary students per 100,000 in the population was 4,006 in Canada, in no other country, according to UNESCO data, was the number of post-secondary students above 2,700 per 100,000. Korea had 2,696 tertiary students per 100,000inhabitants; Japan, 2,030; the USSR, 1,970; Argentina, 1,890; HongKong, 1,353; Malaysia, 472; and Ethiopia, 48. Naturally, an educational system that retains as many people as the American system does is likely to enroll a broader range of students than a system that seeks to educate only the few who seem especially suited for academic work. In the American system, academic rigor tends to come later than it does in most other systems. In many instances, American students do not face truly demanding educational requirements until they seek a graduate (that is, post-baccalaureate) degree. Many other systems place heavy demands on students as early as their primary years - though college may be far less demanding, as is the case in Japan.51．According to the passage, the U.S. is different from most other countries in ______.A．cultureB．economyC．historyD．educational system正确答案：D52．The idea based on by the American educational system is that ______.A．the results of the examination systematically prevent the students from going on to a higher level of studyB．the U.S. tries as much to screen people out as it is to keep them inC．as many people as possible should have as much education as possibleD．the U.S. should have standardized examination正确答案：C53．The American’s assumptions about equality among people result in ______.A．standardized examinationB．academic aspirationsC．the idea of more people and more educationD．educational development正确答案：C54．In which countries was the numbers of tertiary students above 2,700 per 100,000?A．In U.S. and USSR.B．In Canada and Malaysia.C．In Argentina and Canada.D．In Canada and U.S..正确答案：D55．The American educational system places heavy educational demands on students ______.A．as early as their primary yearsB．before they seek a graduate degreeC．after they begin to seek a graduate degreeD．before they seek a bachelor degree正确答案：CMost people are familiar with comic books and comic strips. The comic strip is usually found in daily newspapers. It is made up of three or four picture panels telling a story with one or more characters. Some comic strips tell a different incident every day. In other comic strips the story continues from day to day until it is finished, and then a new story begins with the same main characters. Comic books are extensions of comic strips into magazines. Each magazine is about one set of characters, and the pictures tell a complete story. Generally comic books are printed in color. The words are prined in balloons over a speaker’s head to indicate the person speaking. A few sentences may be used to bridge a gap in a story, but most of the plot is carried by direct conversation and by action in the pictures. Comic book covers are made of glossy paper, and there are generally the same number of pages- usually 32 - in each book in a particular series. More than one story is included in each issue, and there is usually some advertising. Comic books are published regularly, that is to say, every month, every 2 months, or once a year. Because of their regular publication, they are often called comic magazines. Approximately 200 different titles are published. The exact number varies from month to month. Some people estimate that close to 500,000,000 copies of comic books are sold each year. Comic strips are not all-humorous stories. The Comics Magazine Association of American lists these types of comic books: adventure, animal, biography, detective, fantasy, mystery, history, humor, military, religion, romance, satire, science-fiction, teenage, “kiddie”, and western. Some types, such as adventure and humor, sell better, so there are more of them. However, the popularity of comic books has led many kinds of groups to use them to tell a story. There are comic strips in some Sunday school papers, the army uses the comic-strip technique in training soldiers, and many companies use comic books to tell their story behind a product or the history of their company. Comic strips began in newspapers as early as the 1870’s. Comic books similar to those published today first appeared in the 1930’s and were collections of comic strips previously printed. The next step in comic book history was the writing of stories for comic book use alone, using a single set of characters in two or three plots. The development of animated cartoon movies led to comic books about the same characters, such as Mickey Mouse. Sometimes a comic book retells a plot from a movie or a popular old book, in at least one case-Superman-the comic strip and。

公共英语四级-111(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Reading ComprehensionIf you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses" convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "On, that"s God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he"s a doctor."If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which **mon to all of you and it"ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman"s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn"t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it"s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It **es from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don"t succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.1. To make your humor work, you should ______A. take advantage of different kinds of audience.B. make fun of the disorganized people.C. address different problems to different people.D. show sympathy for your listeners.2. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ______A. impolite to new arrivals.B. very conscious of their godlike role.C. entitled to some privileges.D. very busy even during lunch hours.3. It can be inferred from the text that public services ______A. have benefited many people.B. are the focus of public attention.C. are an inappropriate subject for humor.D. have often been the laughing stock.4. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ______A. in well-worded language.B. as awkwardly as possible.C. in exaggerated statements.D. as casually as possible.5. The best title for the text may be______A. Use Humor Effectively.B. Various Kinds of Humor.C. Add Humor to Speech.D. Different Humor Strategies.Imagine waking up and finding the value of your assets has been halved. No, you"re not an investor in one of those hedge funds that **pletely. With the dollar slumping to a 26-year low against the pound, already-expensive London has become quite unaffordable. A coffee at Starbucks, just as unavoidable in England as it is in the United States, runs about $8.The once all-powerful dollar isn"t doing a Titanic against just the pound. It is sitting at a record low against the euro and at a 30-year low against the Canadian dollar. Even the Argentine peso and Brazilian real are thriving against the dollar.The weak dollar is a source of humiliation, for a nation"s self-esteem rests in part on the strength of its currency. It"s also a potential economic problem, since a declining dollar makes imported food more expensive and exerts upward pressure on interest rates. And yet there are substantial sectors of the vast U.S. economy-from **panies like Coca-Cola to mom-and-pop restaurant operators in Miami-for which the weak dollar is most excellent news.Many Europeans may view the U.S. as an arrogant superpower that has become hostile to foreigners. But nothing makes people think more warmly of the U.S. than a weak dollar. Through April, the total number of visitors from abroad was up 6.8 percent from last year. Should the trend continue, the number of tourists this year will finally top the 2000 peak? Many Europeans now apparently view the U.S. the way many Americans view Mexico-as a cheap place to vacation, shop and party, all while ignoring the fact that the poorer locals can"t afford to join the merrymaking.The money tourists spend helps decrease our chronic trade deficit. So do exports, which thanks in part to the weak dollar, soared 11 percent between May 2006 and May 2007. For first five months of 2007, the trade deficit actually fell 7 percent from 2006.If you own shares in large American corporations, you"re a winner in the weak-dollar gamble. Last week Coca-Cola"s stick bubbled to a five-year high after it reported a fantastic quarter. Foreign sales accounted for 65 percent of Coke"s beverage business. Other **panies profiting from this trend include McDonald"s and IBM.American tourists, however, shouldn"t expect any relief soon. The dollar lost strength the way many marriages break up- slowly, and then all at once. And currencies don"t turn on a dime. So if you want to avoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar, cancel that summer vacation to England and look to New England. There, the dollar is still treated with a little respect.6. Why do Americans feel humiliated?A. Their economy is plungingB. They can"t afford trips to EuropeC. Their currency has slumpedD. They have lost half of their assets.7. How does the current dollar affect the life of ordinary Americans?A. They have to cancel their vacations in New England.B. They find it unaffordable to dine in mom-and-pop restaurants.C. They have to spend more money when buying imported goods.D. They might lose their jobs due to potential economic problems.8. How do many Europeans feel about the U.S with the devalued dollar?A. They feel contemptuous of itB. They are sympathetic with it.C. They regard it as a superpower on the decline.D. They think of it as a good tourist destination.9. what is the author"s advice to Americans?A. They treat the dollar with a little respectB. They try to win in the weak-dollar gambleC. They vacation at home rather than abroadD. They treasure their marriages all the more.10. What does the author imply by saying "currencies don"t turn on a dime" (Line 2, Para 7)?A. The dollar"s value will not increase in the short term.B. The value of a dollar will not be reduced to a dimeC. The dollar"s value will drop, but within a small margin.D. Few Americans will change dollars into other currencies.If ambition is to be well regarded，the rewards of ambition — wealth, distinction, control over one"s destiny —must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition"s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, butsuch items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious." The attacks on ambition are many **e from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.11. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ______.A. its returns **pensate for the sacrificesB. it is rewarded with money, fame and powerC. its goals are spiritual rather than materialD. it is shared by the rich and the famous12. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ______.A. customary of the educated to discard ambition in wordsB. too late to check ambition once it has been let outC. dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goalD. impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition13. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ______.A. they think of it as immoralB. their pursuits are not fame or wealthC. ambition is not closely related to material benefitsD. they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible14. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ______.A. secretly and vigorouslyB. openly and enthusiasticallyC. easily and momentarilyD. verbally and spirituallyHawaii"s native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago"s political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origins, is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii"s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state"s homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty **mittee set up by Hawaii"s first native governor, Joahn Waihee, has given the natives" cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state -- as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA. , a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives" interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.15. Hawaii"s native minority refers to ______.A. Hawaii"s ethnic groupsB. people of Filipino originC. the Ka Lahui groupD. people with more than 50% Hawaiian blood16. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B. their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.D. They are the only native group without sovereignty.17. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?A. He is Hawaii"s first native governor.B. He has set up a sovereignty **mittee.C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.D. He is leading the local independence movement.18. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?A. American Indian natives.B. Office of Hawaiian Affairs.C. The Ka Lahui group.D. The Hawaiian natives.19. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT ______.A. a greater autonomy within the stateB. more back rent on the crown landC. a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD. full independence from the USEarly in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War Ⅱ，an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, "Our enormously productive economy...demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate." Americans have responded to Lebow"s call, and much of the world has followed. Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world"s two largest economics-Japan and the United States-show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.Overconsumption by the world"s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate. Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family **munity have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow, that misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.Of course, the opposite of overconsumption, poverty, is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash, and burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough .What level of consumption can the earth support ?When dose having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?20. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II .A. led to the reform of the retailing systemB. resulted in the worship of consumerismC. ve rise to the dominance of the new egoismD. gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers21. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption isA. the people"s desire for a rise in their living standardsB. the concept that one"s success is measured by how much they consumeC. the imbalance that has existed between production and consumptionD. the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals22. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A. Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.B. Because overconsumption won"t last long due to unrestricted population growth.C. Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.D. Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.23. According to the passage, consumerist culture.A. will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countriesB. will not aggravate environmental problemsC. cannot thrive on a fragile economyD. cannot satisfy human spiritual needs24. It can be inferred from the passage that.A. human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB. whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueC. how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemD. there is never an end to satisfying people"s material needsFew creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind"s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn"t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt"s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey"s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left — all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The **plex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the costs and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don"t need a dam to be saved.25. The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that ______.A. people would be happy if they shut their eyes to realityB. the blind could be happier than the sightedC. over-excited people tend to neglect vital thingsD. fascination makes people lose their eyesight26. In paragraph 5, "the powerless" probably refers to ______.A. areas short of electricityB. dams without power stationsC. poor countries around IndiaD. common people in the Narmada Dam area27. What is the myth concerning giant dams?A. They bring in more fertile soil.B. They help defend the country.C. They strengthen international ties.D. They have universal control of the waters.28. What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as ______.A. "It"s no use crying over spilt milk"B. "More haste, less speed"C. "Look before you leap"D. "He who laughs last laughs best"If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition —wealth, distinction, control over one"s destiny —must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition"s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious." The attacks on ambition are many **e from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.29. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ______.A. its returns **pensate for the sacrificesB. it is rewarded with money, fame and powerC. its goals are spiritual rather than materialD. it is shared by the rich and the famous30. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ______.A. customary of the educated to discard ambition in wordsB. too late to check ambition once it has been let outC. dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goalD. impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition31. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ______.A. they think of it as immoralB. their pursuits are not fame or wealthC. ambition is not closely related to material benefitsD. they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible32. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ______.A. secretly and vigorouslyB. openly and enthusiasticallyC. easily and momentarilyD. verbally and spiritually。

全国公共英语等级考试PETS-4考试试题及答案第一章　阅读A节（根据上下文填空）共享题干题【题干】Passage 1There was a time<u> 1 </u>parents who wanted an educational present for their children would buy a typewriter, a globe or an encyclopedia set.Now those<u> 2 </u>seem hopelessly old-fashioned: this Christmas, there were a lot of personal computers under the tree.Convinced that computers are their key<u> 3 </u>success, parents are also frantically insisting that children<u> 4 </u>taught to use them on school as early as possible.The problem for schools is that when<u> 5 </u>comes to computers, parents don't always know best.Many schools are yielding to parental impatience and are purchasing hardware<u> 6 </u>sound educational planning so they can say, "OK, we've moved into the computer age." Teachers found themselves <u> 7 </u>in the middle of the problem--between parent pressure and wise educational decisions.Educators do not even agree<u> 8 </u>how computers should be used.A lot of money is going for computerized educational materials that research has shown can be taught just aswell<u> 9 </u>pencil and paper.Even those<u> 10 </u>believe that all children should have access to computers warn of potential dangers to the very young.The temptation remains strong largely because young children adapt so well<u> 11</u>computers.First graders have been seen willing to work for two hours on math skills.Some have an attention span of 20 minutes.Not every school,<u> 12 </u>, can afford to go into computing, and that<u> 13</u>yet another problem: a division between the haves and have-nots.Very few parentsask<u> 14 </u>computer instructions in poor school districts, in<u> 15 </u>there may be barely enough money to pay the teacher.1.【填空题】______参考答案：when【羿文解析】分析句子结构可知，空格部分后面作time的定语从句。

全国英语等级考试四级(pets4)
全国英语等级考试四级（PETS4）是中上级别的考试，其难度和公共英语四级（PETS4）相当。

通过该级别考试的考生，其英语水平基本满足攻读高等院校硕士研究生非英语专业的需要，也基本符合一般专业技术人员或研究人员、现代企业经理等工作对英语的基本要求。

该级别的考生应能参与一般性或专业学术话题的讨论，不仅能够询问事实，还能询问抽象的信息。

能够就某一观点的正确与否进行争论，详细说明一个问题，一个过程，或一个事件。

此外还能就某个一般性问题或所熟悉领域的问题进行阐述，能适当运用基本的语法知识，掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。

全国英语等级考试四级由教育部主办，教育部教育考试院（原教育部考试中心）主持和实施的大规模标准化考试，是全国性的教学考试。

它的主要目的是促进中国大学英语教学工作，对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确地测量，为提高中国大学英语课程的教学质量提供服务。

考试的主要对象是根据教育大纲修完大学英语四级的在校专科生、本科生或研究生。

全国英语四六级考试的考试时间为：每年6月份、12月份（每年时间略有不同）。

如需了解更多关于全国英语等级考试四级的信息，建议查询官方网站或咨询相关机构。

2023年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12023年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案Reading Section:Part 1: A1. (D) Editor2. (B) Dirt could prevent the roots from getting enough water3. (C) Read the next three questions in advancePart 2: C4. (B) It's unpredictable5. (C) They are too busy with their own lives6. (D) Their relationship with people are directly affected by their languagePart 3: A7. (A) Refined8. (B) The city of Bologna9. (C) They weren't able to defend themselves effectivelyPart 4: B10. (C) The amount and quality of the conversation11. (A) Talk to the listener during the conversation12. (D) It may seem strange to the listenerWriting Section:Part 1: (Sample Answer)13. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Running a Family BusinessRunning a family business has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. One of the main advantages is the level of trust and loyalty that comes with working with family members. This can lead to better communication and teamwork within the business. Additionally, family businesses often have a strong sense of tradition and a long-term perspective, which can be beneficial for the company's sustainability.However, there are also disadvantages to running a family business. One major issue is the potential for conflicts to arise between family members. These conflicts can be difficult to resolve and can negatively impact the business's operations. Furthermore, family businesses may struggle with issues of succession planning, as it can be challenging to pass the business on to the next generation.Overall, while running a family business has its pros and cons, it can be a rewarding experience for those who are able to successfully navigate the unique challenges that come with working with family members.Part 2: (Sample Answer)14. The Impact of Social Media on RelationshipsThe rise of social media has had a significant impact on the way we form and maintain relationships. On one hand, social media has made it easier than ever to connect with others, regardless of geographical location. This has allowed people to stay in touch with friends and family members, as well as meet new people with similar interests.However, social media also has its drawbacks when it comes to relationships. For example, the constant presence of socialmedia in our lives can lead to feelings of jealousy and insecurity in relationships. Additionally, the curated nature of social media profiles can create unrealistic expectations about what relationships should look like.In conclusion, while social media can be a useful tool for connecting with others, it's important to be mindful of its potential impact on our relationships and to take steps to ensure that it doesn't negatively affect our connections with others.Listening Section:Part 1:15. B16. C17. APart 2:18. A19. B20. CPart 3:21. D22. C23. A24. DOverall, the 2023 December College English Test Level 4 exam covered a range of topics and tested students' reading, writing, and listening skills. Students who prepared well and carefully read each question should have performed well on the exam. Good luck to all test takers!篇22023 December College English Test Band Four (CET-4) Answer KeyPart I Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A1. D2. A3. C4. B5. ASection B6. C7. B8. A9. B 10. APart II Reading Comprehension (40 marks)Section A11-15: BDACA16-20: CDBAB21-25: DBADCSection B26-30: CACBD31-35: DBCAD36-40: DCBACPart III Writing (30 marks)Essay 1: The Impact of Technology on EducationSample Answer:In recent years, technology has revolutionized the way we teach and learn. With the rise of online education platforms, students now have access to a wealth of information at their fingertips. This has made learning more convenient and accessible for people from all walks of life.Essay 2: The Importance of Environmental ProtectionSample Answer:Environmental protection is crucial in today’s world. With the rise of global warming and pollution, it is more important than ever to protect our planet. By taking small steps like reducing our carbon footprint and recycling, we can all make a difference in preserving the earth for future generations.Part IV Translation (20 marks)41. 尽管他刚搬到这个城市，但他很快适应了新生活。

全国公共英语测试四级(PETS4)全真考卷下以下是笔者为大家整理的关于公共英语等级考试的文章，供大家学习参考！section iii reading comprehensionpart aread the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1.textit was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. after six months of arguing and a final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, australia’s northern territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. the measure was passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. almost immediately word flashed on the internet and was picked up, half a world away, by john hofsess, executive director of the right to die society of canada. he sent it on via the group’s on-line service, death net. sayshofsess: “we posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in australia. it’s world history.”the full import may take a while to sink in. the nt rights of the terminally ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. some have breathed sighs of relief; others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the australian medical association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. but the tide is unlikely to turn back. in australia ? where an aging population,life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part ? other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. in the u.s. and canada, where theright-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.under the new northern territory law, an adult patient can request death ? probably by a deadly injection or pill ? to put an end to suffering. the patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. after a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient cansign a certificate of request. after 48 hours the wish for death can be met. . for lloyd nickson, a 54-year-old darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the nt rights of terminally ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “i’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what i was afraid of was how i’d go, because i’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.1. from the second paragraph we learn that[a] the objection to euthanasia is diminishing in some countries.[b] physicians and citizens have the same view on euthanasia.[c] technological changes are chiefly responsible for the new law.[d] it takes time to appreciate the significance of laws passed.2. by saying that “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling”, the authormeans that[a] observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia.[b] there is a possibility of similar bills being passed in the u.s. and canada.[c] observers are waiting to see the movement end up infailure.[d] the process of the bill taking effect may finally come to a stop.3. when lloyd nickson is close to death, he will[a] undergo a cooling off period of seven days.[b] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient.[c] have an intense fear of terrible suffering.[d] face his death with the calm characteristic of euthanasia.4. what is the author’s attitude towards euthanasia?[a] hostile.[b] suspicious.[c] approving.[d]indifferent.5. we can infer from the text that the author believes the success of theright-to-diemovement is[a] only a matter of time.[b] far from certain.[c] just an illusion.[d] a shattered hope.part bread the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into chinese. your translation should be written clearly on answer sheet 2.do animals have rights? this is how the question is usually put. it sounds like a useful,ground-clearing way to start.61) actually, it isn’t, because it assumes thatthere is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.on one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none.62) some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. therefore, animals cannot have rights. the idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. however, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. it denies rights not only to animals but also to some people ? for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. in addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says “i don’t like this contract”?the point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.63) it leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend toother humans, or with no consideration at all. this is a false choice. better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?many deny it.64) arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake ? a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.this view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical”. in fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. the most elementary form of moral reasoning ? the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl ? is to weigh others’ interests against one’s own. this in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. to see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy.65) when that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action,an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.section iv writingwidespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies are still claiming that they make a valuable contribution to the world economy.write an essay1) criticizing their view and2) justifying your stand.in your essay, make full use of the information provided in the pictures printed below.you should write approximately 160 ? 200 words on answer sheet 2.。

单选题(共计52分)1、[1分]新学期开学时因故未能按时到校注册者需• A. 书面请假向学校• B. 告诉爸妈• C. 告诉班长• D. 打电话给班主任答案已被设置隐藏2、[1分]参军入伍保留入学资格的期限为几年？• A. 一年• B. 退伍后两年内• C. 三年• D. 两年答案已被设置隐藏3、[1分]请假（）天，应上报学校领导审批• A. ≧7• B. ≧20• C. ≧15• D. ≧10答案已被设置隐藏4、[1分]未经请假或逾期不办理注册手续的按旷课论处，超过多少天以上者，新生取消入学资格，在校生则按自动退学处理。

• A. 10天• B. 25天• C. 20天• D. 15天答案已被设置隐藏5、[1分]处理、处分或者复查决定书未告知学生申诉期限的，申诉期限自学生知道或者应当知道处理或者处分决定之日起计算，但最长不得超过（）。

• A. 1个月• B. 9个月• C. 6个月• D. 3个月答案已被设置隐藏6、[1分]目前图书馆共设有几个书库?• A. 4个• B. 7个• C. 6个• D. 5个答案已被设置隐藏7、[1分]学生对退学处理有异议的，情况复杂不能在规定限期内做出结论的，经学校负责人批准，可延长（）。

• A. 5日• B. 20日• C. 15日• D. 10日答案已被设置隐藏8、[1分]家庭经济困难学生认定工作每学年进行一次，时间为（）• A. 新生入学一个月内• B. 每年的年底• C. 每年的年初• D. 每年9月上旬至10月上旬答案已被设置隐藏9、[1分]患肺结核类传染病复学回校必须到哪个部门进行疫情登记？• A. 卫生所• B. 学生工作处• C. 教务处教务科• D. 百色市防疫站答案已被设置隐藏10、[1分]缓考课程的期评成绩如何评定？• A. 统一60分• B. 统一80分• C. 没有成绩记载• D. 统一0分答案已被设置隐藏11、[1分]必修课程成绩由期末考试和平时考核进行综合评定，平时成绩占课程总成绩的比例应（）。

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷229(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. WritingSection I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfe PART ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.听力原文：Richard W. Simmons, whose 40-year acting career in Hollywood included the title role in the 1950’s television series “Sergeant Preston of the Yukon,”died in New York on Saturday. He was 89. Born in St. Paul, Minnesota, Mr. Simmons, who was known as Dick, moved to Los Angeles in the late 1930’s. He later became a contract player for MGM studios and appeared in a number of films beginning in 1937 with “A Million to One,”which starred Joan Fontaine. Other credits included “Angels in the Outfield” (1951), “The Three Musketeers” (1948) and “Lady in the Lake” (1946). His last role was in the 1977 television movie “Don’t Push, I’ll Charge When I’m Ready.”He is best known for his role as Sergeant Preston, a mounted Canadian officer who solved crimes with his horse, Rex, and his dog, Yukon King, an Alaskan malamute. The show had its origins in radio and was created by the team behind “The Lone Ranger” and “The Green Hornet.”Mr. Simmons was good friend with Clark Gable and Clayton Moore, who played the masked hero in the “The Lone Ranger”television series, his daughter, Susan Bryar, said. In addition to his daughter he is survived by his wife, Billie, and a son, Michael.1．正确答案：89解析：本题考查考生对于具体信息的听辨能力。

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I remember the way the light touched her hair. She turned her head, and our eyes met, a momentary awareness in that raucous fifth grade classroom. I felt as though I' d been struck a blow under the heart Thus began my first love affair.Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied in her presence. Does anyone, anymore, linger in the shadows of evening, drawn by the pale light of a window--her window--like some hapless summer insect?That delirious swooning, asexual but urgent and obsessive, that made me awkward and my voice crack, is like some impossible dream now.I would catch sight of her, walking down an aisle of trees to or from school, and I' d bee paralyzed. She always seemed so poised, so self-possessed. At home, I' d relive each encounter,writhing at the thought of my inadequacies. We eventually got acquainted and socialized as we entered our adolescence, she knew I had a case on her, and I sensed her affectionate tolerance for me. "Going sready" implied amaturity we still lacked. Her Orthodox Jewish upbringing and myown Catholic scruples imposed an inhibited grace that made even kissing a distant prospect, however fervently desired. I managed to hold her once at a dance-chaperoned, of course. Our embrace made her giggle, a sound so trusting that I hated myself for what I' d been thinking. At any rate,my love for Rachel remained unrequited. We graduated from high school, she went on to college,and I joined the Army.When World War II engulfed us, I was sent overseas. For a time we corresponded, and her letters were the highlight of those grinding endless years. Once she sent me a snapshot of herself in a bathing suit, which drove me to the wildest of fantasies. I mentioned the possibility of marriage in my next letter, and almost immediately her replies became less frequent, less personal. Her Dear John latter finally caught UD with me while I was awaiting discharge. She gently explained the impossibility of a marriage between us. Looking back on it, I must have recovered rather quickly, although for the first few months I believed I didn' t want to five. Like Rachel, I found someone else, whom I learned to love with a deep and permanent mitment that has lasted to this day.46. Aording to the passage, how old was the author when his first love affair began?A. Before he entered his teens.B.In his early teens.C. In his middle teens.D. When he was just out of his teens.47. How did the author behave as a boy in love?A. His first love motivated him toward hard study.B.His first love evoked sentimental memories.C. He was overpowered by wild excitement and passion.D.. He fulfilled his expectations and desires.48. Aording to the passage, what held them back from a loving kiss?A. Her Jewish origin did not allow it.B.His Catholic adherence forbade it.C. They were not sure whether it was proper or ethicalto kiss in line with their religiousdecorum.D. Kissing was found to be inelegant or evendistasteful.49. Aording to the passage, what was Rachel' s response to the author' s tender affection before the war?A. She recognized and aepted his love affectionately.B.She thwarted his affection by flatly turning him down.C. She fondly permitted him to adore her without losing her own heart to' him.D. She didn"t care for him at all and only took delight in playing with his feelings.50. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?A. Statement and example.B.Cause and effect.C. Order of importance..D. Linear description.我依然记得阳光洒在她头发上的样子。

2004 年 6 月 19 日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷1/21 2004 年 6 月 19 日大学英语四级 (CET-4) 真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A)At the office.B)In the waiting room.C)At the airport.D)In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o ?clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore,A)“At the office ” is the correct answer. Youshould choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1.A) The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.B)The woman had forgotten Mark?s phone number.C)The woman made a phone call to Mark yesterday.D)Mark and the woman had not been in touch for some time.2.A) The man is late for the trip because he is busy.B)The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.C)The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.D)The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.3.A) At 10:30.B)At 10:25.C)At 10:40.D)At 10:45.4.A) The man no longer smokes.B)The man is under pressure from his wife.C)The man usually follows his wife?s advice.D)The man refuses to listen to his doctor?s advice.5.A) Move to a big city.B)Become a teacher.C)Go back to school.D)Work in New York.6.A) Quit delivering flowers.B)Work at a restaurant.C)Bring her flowers every day.D)Leave his job to work for her.7.A) She can find the right person to help the man.B)She can help the man out.C)She?s also in need of a textbook.D)She picked up the book from the bus floor.8.A) The man was confused about the date of the appointment.B)The man wants to change the date of the appointment.C)The man is glad he?s got in touch with the doctor.D)The man can?t come for the appointment at 4:15.9.A) The two speakers are at a loss what to do.B)The man is worried about his future.C)The two speakers are seniors at college.D)The woman regrets spending her time idly.10.A) She has learned a lot from the novel.B)She also found the plot difficult to follow.C)She usually has difficulty remembering names.D)She can recall the names of most characters in the novel.Section B Compound DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage isread for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Whenthe passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanksnumbered from SI to S7 with the exact words you have just heard. Forblanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill in the missinginformation. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or writedown the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is readfor the third time, you should check what you have written.The Library of Congress is America ?s national library. It has millions of books and other objects. It has newspapers,(S1) ________ publications as well as letters of (S2)________ interest. It also has maps, photographs, art (S3) ________, movies, sound recordings and musical (S4) ________. All together, it has more than 100 million objects.The Library of Congress is open to the public Monday through Saturday, except for public holidays. Anyone may go there and read anything in the collection. But no one is (S5) ________ to take books out of the building.The Library of Congress was (S6) ________ in 1800. It started with eleven boxes of books in one room of the Capitol building. By 1814, the collection had increased to about 3,000 books. They were all (S7) ________ that year when the Capitol was burned down during America?s war with Britain.To help re-build the library, Congress bought the books of President Thomas Jefferson. Mr. Jefferson?s collection included 7,000 books in seven languages.(S8) ________. Today, three buildings hold the library?s collection.(S9) ________. It buys some of its books and gets others as gifts. It also gets materials through its copyright office. (S10) ________. This means the Library of Congress receives almost everything that is published in the United States.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.A is for always getting to work on time.B is for being extremely busy.C is for the conscientious (勤勤恳恳的 ) way you do your job.You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn?t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes.Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics — a better job, a raise, praise— many people are still unable—or unwilling —to“ play the game. ”“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior,”says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “ Butpoliti cs derives from the word ,polite?. It can mean lobbying andforming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.”In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one?s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form Of Socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.“ The firstthing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,?” says NeilP Lewis, a management psychologist. “twoButor ifthree candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best.?sIt simple human nature.”Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their bossfor favors.Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.11.“ Office politics” (Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to.A)the code of behavior for company staffB)the political views and beliefs of office workersC)the interpersonal relationships within a companyD)the various qualities required for a successful career12.To get promoted, one must not only be competent but ________.A)give his boss a good impressionB)honest and loyal to his companyC)get along well with his colleaguesD)avoid being too outstanding13. Why are many people unwilling to“ play the game” (Line 4, Para. 5)?A)They believe that doing so is impractical.B)They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.C)They are not good at manipulating colleagues.D)They think the effort will get them nowhere.14.The author considers office politics to be ________.A)unwelcome at the workplaceB)bad for interpersonal relationshipsC)indispensable to the development of company cultureD)an important factor for personal advancement15.It is the author?s view that ________.A)speaking up for oneself is part of human natureB)self-promotion does not necessarily mean flatteryC)hard work contributes very little to one?s promotionD)many employees fail to recognize the need of flatteryPassage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine haddiscovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm (火器 ) fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislationto stop Americans from owning one.“The Constitution, ”said the association?s spokesman,“gives everyone theright to own arms. It doesn?t spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can nowmake a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect themselves”.“ Don?t you think it ?s dangerous to have one in the house, particularly wherethere are children around? ”“ TheNational Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in alocked cabinet and thefuse (导火索 ) separately in a drawer”.“ Somepeople consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody. ”The spokesman said, “ Hydrogen bombst don?killpeople —people kill people. Thebomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent effect. If somebody knows you havea nuclear weapon in your house, they?re going to think twice about breaking in.”“ But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you haveone locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able toassemble it in time to stop an intruder (侵入者 ).”“ Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at the moment itis very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is a program whichwould allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people willbe left defenseless with just handguns. ”16.According to the passage, some people started a national association so as to________.A)block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bombB)coordinate the mass production of the destructive weaponC)instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at homeD)promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weapon17.Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals on the grounds that________.A)the size of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawerB)most people don?t know how to handle the weaponC)people?s lives will be threatened by the weaponD)they may fall into the hands of criminals18.By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman means that it________.A)will frighten away any possible intrudersB)can show the special status of its ownersC)will threaten the safety of the owners as wellD)can kill those entering others?houses by force19.According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs arevery much worried that ________.A)the influence of the association is too powerful for the less privileged toovercomeB)poorly-educated Americans will find it difficult to make use of the weaponC)the wide use of the weapon will push up living expenses tremendouslyD)the cost of the weapon will put citizens on an unequal basis20.From the tone of the passage we know that the author is ________.A)doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safetyB)unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombsC)not serious about the private ownership of H-bombsD)concerned about the spread of nuclear weaponsPassage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique— a speech of the hand. Theyoffer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and thrownew light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet Universityin Washington, D. C., the world?s only liberal arts university for deaf people.When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, studentssigned differently from his classroom teacher.Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) wasthought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语 ). But Stokoe believedthe “hand talk”his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing as “substandard”. Stokoe?s idea was academicheresy (异端邪说 ).It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunchat a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese.They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节 ) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space.“ What IStokoesaid, explains,”“ is that language is not mouth stuff— it?s brain stuff.”21.The study of sign language is thought to be ________.A)a new way to look at the learning of languageB)a challenge to traditional, views on the nature of languageC)an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a languageD)an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language22.The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ________.A)a famous scholar in the study of the human brainB)a leading specialist in the study of liberal artsC)an English teacher in a university for the deafD)some senior experts in American Sign Language23.According to Stokoe, sign language is ________.A)a Substandard languageB)a genuine languageC)an artificial languageD)an international language24.Most educators objected to Stokoe?s idea because they thought ________.A)sign language was not extensively used even by deaf peopleB)sign language was too artificial to be widely acceptedC)a language should be easy to use and understandD)a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds25.Stokoe?s argument is based on his belief that ________.A)sign language is as efficient as any other languageB)sign language is derived from natural languageC)language is a system of meaningful codesD)language is a product of the brainPassage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross?s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television screens around the World were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines.“ I knew the statistics,”“sheButsaidputting. a face to those figures brought the realityhome to me; like When I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her. ”The Princess concluded, with a simple message: “ Wemust stop landmines ”And. she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message.But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an, attack on the Princess in the press. They described her “asvery ill-informed ” and a“loose cannon (乱放炮的人 ).”The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms:“This is a distraction (干扰 ) we do not need. All I?m trying to do is help.”Opposition parties, the media and the Public immediately voiced their support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess?s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government?s policy regarding landmines. The result was a severe embarrassment for the government.To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkind, claimed that the Princess?s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and2004 年 6 月 19 日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷9/21that it was“ workingtowards” a worldwide ban. The Defense Secretary, Michael Portillo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.”For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the Chance to get closer to people and their problems.26.Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997 ________.A)to voice her support for a total ban of landminesB)to clarify the British government?s stand on landminesC)to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD)to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims27.What did Diana mean when she said ... putting“ a face to those figures broughtthe reality home to me ” (Line 5, Para. 1)?A)She just couldn?t bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.B)The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.C)Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.D)Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness of the situation.28.Some members of the British government criticized Diana because ________.A)she was ill-informed of the government?s policyB)they were actually opposed to banning landminesC)she had not consulted the government before the visitD)they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola29.How did Diana respond to the criticisms?A)She paid no attention to them.B)She made more appearances on TV.C)She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.D)She rose to argue with her opponents.30.What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?A)It had caused embarrassment to the British government.B)It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.C)It had greatly promoted her popularity.D)It had affected her relations with the British government.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)2004 年 6 月 19 日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷10/21Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.31.I went along thinking of nothing ________, only looking at things around me,A)in particularB)in harmonyC)in doubtD)in brief32.Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ________the quality of the programs.A)lessenedB)declinedC)affectedD)effected33.I must congratulate you ________ the excellent design of the new bridge.A)withB)ofC)atD)on34.There is a fully ________ health center on the ground floor of the main officebuilding.A)installedB)equippedC)providedD)projected35.For more than 20 years, we?ve been supporting educational programs that ________from kindergartens to colleges.A)moveB)shiftC)rangeD)spread36.The ________ at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it.2004 年 6 月 19 日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷11/21A)conventionB)confinementC)principleD)discipline37.The test results are beyond ________; they have been repeated in labs all overthe world.A)negotiationB)conflictC)bargainD)dispute38.I was so ________ in today?s history lesson. I didn?t understand a thing.A)amazedB)neglectedC)confusedD)amused39.It ________ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenseswhen you buy both.A)presentsB)entitlesC)creditsD)tips40.Deserts and high mountains have always been a ________ to the movement ofpeople from place to place.A)barrierB)fenceC)preventionD)jam41.In order to make things convenient for the people, the department is planning toset up some ________ shops in the residential area.A)flowingB)driftingC)mobileD)unstable2004 年 6 月 19 日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷12/2142. Mr. Smith says:“ The media are veryodatgosensing a mood and then it. ”A)overtakingB)enlargingC)wideningD)exaggerating43.This is not an economical way to get more water; ________, it is very expensive.A)on the other handB)on the contraryC)in shortD)or else44.It was the first time that such a ________ had to be taken at a British nuclearpower station.A)presentationB)precautionC)preparationD)prediction45.________ that he wasn?t happy with the arrangements,I tried to book a differenthotel.A)PerceivingB)PenetratingC)PuzzlingD)Preserving46.The board of the company has decided to ________ its operations to include allaspects of the clothing business.A)multiplyB)lengthenC)expandD)stretch47.His business was very successful, but it was at the ________ of his family life.A)consumptionB)creditC)exhaustionD)expense48.First published in 1927, the charts remain an ________ source for researchers.A)identicalB)indispensableC)intelligentD)inevitable49.Joe is not good at sports, but when it ________ mathematics, he is the ,best inthe class.A)comes toB)comes up toC)comes on toD)comes around to50.Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a ________ for smoking.A)reliefB)revivalC)substituteD)succession51.When carbon is added to iron in proper ________ the result is steel.A)ratesB)thicknessesC)proportionsD)densities52.You should try to ________ your ambition and be more realistic.A)reserveB)restrainC)retainD)replace53.Nancy is only a sort of ________ of her husband?s opinion and has no ideas ofher own.A)sampleB)reproductionC)shadowD)echo54.Now that spring is here, you can ________ these fur coats till you need themagain next winter.A)put overB)put awayC)put offD)put down55.There is a ________ of impatience in the tone of his voice.A)hintB)notionC)dotD)phrase56.Please ________ dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning.A)seekB)inquireC)searchD)consult57.At yesterday?s party, Elizabeth?s boyfriend amused us by ________ Charlie Chaplin.A)copyingB)followingC)imitatingD)modeling58.She keeps a supply of candles in the house in case of power ________.A)failureB)lackC)absenceD)drop59.The group of technicians are engaged in a study which ________ all aspects ofurban planning.A)insertsB)gripsC)performsD)embraces60.The lecture which lasted about three hours was so ________ that the audiencecouldn?t help yawning.A)tediousB)boredC)clumsyD)tiredPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. Youshould choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America. It?s the one __61__ the teacher standing in the schoolroom door __62__ goodbye to students for the summer and calling __63__ them, “ Bythe way, we won World War II. ”The problem with the joke, of course, is that it ?s __64__ funny. The recent surveys on __65__ illiteracy (无知 ) are beginning to numb (令人震惊 ): nearly one third of American 17-year-olds cannot even __66__ which countries the United States __67__ against in that war. One third have no __68__ when the Declaration of Independence was __69__. One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly __70__ the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. __71__ when they get the answers right, some are __72__ guessing.Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be __73__ connected to loss of international __74__. But it does affect our future __75__ a democratic nation and as individuals.The __76__ news is that there is growing agreement __77__ what is wrong with the __78__ of history and what needs to be __79__ to fix it. The steps aretentative (尝试性 ) __80__ yet to be felt in most classrooms.61.A) aboutB)inC)forD)by62.A) shakingB)wavingC)noddingD)speaking63.A) inB)afterC)forD)up64.A) rarelyB)soC)tooD)not65.A) historicalB)educationalC)culturalD)political66.A) distinguishB)acknowledgeC)identifyD)convey67.A) defeatedB)attackedC)foughtD)struck68.A) senseB)doubtC)reasonD)idea69.A) printedB)signedC)markedD)edited70.A) placeB)judgeC)getD)lock71.A) EvenB)ThoughC)ThusD)So72.A) hardlyB)justC)stillD)ever73.A) exclusivelyB)practicallyC)shortlyD)directly74.A) competitivenessB)comprehensionC)communityD)commitment75.A) ofB)forC)withD)as76.A) fineB)niceC)surprisingD)good77.A) toB)withC)onD)of78.A) consultingB)coachingC)teachingD)instructing79.A) doneB)dealtC)metD)reached80.A) thereforeB)orC)andD)asPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120words according to the following guidelines:Your role: a tour guideYour audience: a group of foreign touristsYour introduction should include:some welcoming wordsthe schedule for the daya description of the place the tourists will be visiting (e.g. a scenic spot or ahistorical site, etc.)You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction2004 年 6 月 19 日四级参考答案19/212004 年 6 月 19 日四级参考答案Part I1.D2.C3.C4.A5. C6.D7.B8.A9.C10. CPart II11.C12.D13.B14.D15.B16.A17.C18.A19.D20.A21.C22.C23.B24.D25.D26.A27.D28.B29.A30.BPart III31.A32.C33.D34.B35.C36.D37.D38.C39.B40.A41.C42.D43.B44.B45.A46.C47.D48.B49.A50.C51.C52.B53.D54.B55.A56.D57.C58.A59.D60.APart IV61.A62.B63.B64.D65.A66.C67.C68.D69.B70.B71.A72.B73.D74.C75.D76.D77.C78.C79.A80.BS1. popular S2 historical S3 prints S4 instrumentsS5. permitted S6 established S7 destroyed。