2010海天四级综合讲义(张培)

2010年6月4级听力真题Section A 11A: He has proved to be a better reader than the woman. B: He has difficulty understanding the book. C: He cannot get access to the assigned book. D: He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline. 12A: She will drive the man to the supermarket. B: The man should buy a car of his own. C: The man needn't go shopping every week. D: She can pick the man up at the grocery store. 13A: Get more food and drinks. B: Ask his friend to come over. C: Tidy up the place. D: Hold a party. 14A: The talks can be held any day except  this Friday. B: He could change his schedule to meet John Smith. C: The first-round talks should start as soon as possilbe. D: The woman should contact John Smith first. 15A: He understands the woman's feelings. B: He has gone through a smimilar experience. C: The woman should have gone on the field trip. D: The teacher is just following the regulations. 16 She will meet the man halfway. B: She is sorry the man will not come. C: She will ask David to talk less. D: She has to invite David to the party. 17 Few students understand Prof.Johnson's lectures. B: Few students meet Prof.Jonhson's requrirements. C: Many studnets find Prof.Johnson's lectures boring. D: Many students have dropped Prof. Johnson's class. Aheck thieir compurter files B: Make some computations. Ctudy a computer program D: Assemble a computer. 19 At allows him to make a lot of friends. B: It requires him to work long hours. C: It enables him to apply theory to practice. D: It helps him undrstand people better. 20 It is intellectually challenging. B: It requires hims to do washing-up all the time. C: It exposes him to oily smoke all day long. D: It demands physical enduarace and patience. 21 In a hopital. B. At a coffee shop. C: At a laundry. D. In a hotel. 22 Getting along well with colleagues. B: Paying attention to every detail C: Planning everything in advance. D: Knowing the needs of customers. 23A: The pocket money British children get. B: The annual inflation rate in Britain. C: The things British children spend money on. D: The rising cost of raising a child in Britain. 24A: It enables children to live better. B: It goes down during economic recession. C: It often rises higner than inflation. D: It has gone up 25% in the past decade. 25A: Save up for their futrue eduation. B: Pay for samll personal things. C: Buy their own shoes and socks. D: Make donations when necessary. Section B 26A: District managers. B: Regular customers. C: Sales direcotrs. D: Senior clerks. 27A: The support provided by the regular clients. B: The intiative shown by the sales representatives. C: The urgencey of implementing the company's plans. D: The important part played by district managers. 28A: Some of them were political-minded. B: Fifty percent of them were female. C: One third of them were senior managers. D: Most of them were rather conservative. 29A: He used too many quotaitons. B: He was not gender sensitive. C: He did not keep to the point D: He spent too much time on details. 30A: State your problem to the head waiter. B: Demand a discount on the dishes ordered. C: Ask to see the manager politely but firmly. D: Ask the name of the person waiting on you. 31A: Your problem may not be understood correctly. B: You don't know if you are complaining at the right time.C: Your complaint may not reach the person in the charge. D: You can't tell how the person on the line is reacting. 32 What should you do if you make a complaint by letter? A: Demand a prompt response. B: Provide all the details. C: Send it by express mail. D: Stick to the point. 33 What was Barbara's profession before she had children? A: Fashion designer. B: Architect. C: City planner. D: Engineer. 34 What does Barbara's husband suggest she do if she wants to work? A: Do some volunteer work. B: Get a well-paid part-time job. C: Work flexible hours. D: Go back to her previous post. 35 What does Tom think about hiring a baby-sitter? A: Few baby-sitters can be considered trustworthy. B: It will add to the family's financial burden. C: A baby-sister is no replacement for a mother. D: The childeren won't get along with a baby-sistter. Section C Almost every child, on the first day he sets foot in  school building, is smarter, more (36)_____, less afraid of what he doesn't know, better at finding and (37)_____ things out, more confident, resourceful, persistent, and  (38)_____ than he will ever be again in his schooling--or, unless he is very (39)_____ and very lucky, for the rest of his life. Already, by paying close attention to and (40)_____ with the world and people around him, and without any school-type (41)_____ instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and (42)_____ than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years. He has solved the (43)_____ of language. He has discovered it- Babies don't even know that language exists — (44)_________________________ He has done it by exploring, by experimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of  language, (45)_________________________ And while he has been doing this, he has been learning other things as well, (46)_________________________ and many that are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him. 36 curious 37.figuring 38. independent 39. unusual 40 Interacting 41. formal 42. abstract 43. mystery 44 and and he he he has has has found found found out out out how how how it it it works works works and and learnt to use it appropriately 45 by by trying trying trying it it it out out out and and and seeing seeing seeing whether whether whether it it works, by gradually changing it and refining it until it does work. 46 including including many many many of of of the the the concepts concepts concepts that that that the the schools think only they can teach him, 11-25.CACAA DCDBD DBACB 26-35.ADBBC DDBAC 。

2010年商法经济法知识产权法(7)张海峡第二章商标权一、商标注册绝对禁止条件首先，第九条申请注册的商标，应当有显著特征，便于识别，并不得与他人在先取得的合法权利相冲突。

总结：在先权利例如，姓名、肖像，以及美术作品著作权；其次，第十条下列标志不得作为商标使用：（1）同中华人民共和国的国家名称、国旗、国徽、军旗、勋章相同或者近似的，以及同中央国家机关所在地特定地点的名称或者标志性建筑物的名称、图形相同的；（2）同外国的国家名称、国旗、国徽、军旗相同或者近似的，但该国政府同意的除外；（3）同政府间国际组织的名称、旗帜、徽记相同或者近似的，但经该组织同意或者不易误导公众的除外；（4）与表明实施控制、予以保证的官方标志、检验印记相同或者近似的，但经授权的除外；（5）同“红十字”、“红新月”的名称、标志相同或者近似的；总结：上述项目，都是正式的标志，不能商业化庸俗化使用。

（6）带有民族歧视性的；（7）夸大宣传并带有欺骗性的；（8）有害于社会主义道德风尚或者有其他不良影响的。

（9）地理标记：A商标使用地理标记，而又非来自于该地区的违法。

B县级以上行政区划的地名或者公众知晓的外国地名，不得作为商标。

但是，a地名具有其他含义或者b作为集体商标、证明商标组成部分的除外；c已经注册的使用地名的商标继续有效。

再次，商标法规定（11条）下列标志不得作为商标注册：（1）仅有本商品的通用名称、图形、型号的；（2）仅仅直接表示商品的质量、主要原料、功能、用途、重量、数量及其他特点的；（3）缺乏显著特征的。

前款所列标志经过使用取得显著特征，并便于识别的，可以作为商标注册。

复再次，商标法规定（12条）以三维标志申请注册商标的，仅由a商品自身的性质产生的形状、b为获得技术效果而需有的商品形状或者c使商品具有实质性价值的形状，不得注册。

最后，商标法规定（13条）就相同或者类似商品申请注册的商标是复制、摹仿或者翻译他人未在中国注册的驰名商标，容易导致混淆的，不予注册并禁止使用。

TEM42010专业英语4级真题及答案解析TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 135 MIN PART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning? For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.1. The following details have been checked during the conversation EXCEPTA. number of travelers.B. number of tour days.C. flight details.D. room services.2. What is included in the price?A. Air tickets and local transport.B. Local transport and meals.C. Air tickets, local transport and breakfast.D. Air tickets, local transport and all meals.3. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. The traveler is reluctant to buy travel insurance.B. The traveler is ready to buy travel insurance.C. The traveler doesn't have to buy travel insurance.D. Travel insurance is not mentioned in the conversation.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.4. Which of the following details is CORRECT?A. Mark knows the exact number of airport buses.B. Mark knows the exact number of delegates' spouse.C. Mark doesn't know the exact number of delegates yet.D. Mark doesn't know the number of guest speakers.5. What does Linda want to know?A. The arrival time of guest speakers.B. The departure time of guest speakers.C. The type of transport for guest speakers.D. The number of guest speakers.6. How many performances have been planned for the conference?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Not mentioned.7. Who will pay for the piano performance?A. Pan-Pacific T ours.B. Johnson & Sons Events.C. Conference delegates.D. An airline company.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.8. What is NOT missing in Mary's briefcase?A. Her cheque book.B. Her papers for work.C. Her laptop.D. Her appointment book.9. Where was Mary the whole morning?A. At the police station.B. At a meeting.C. In her client's office.D. In the restaurant.10. Why was Mary sure that the briefcase was hers in the end?A. The papers inside had the company's name.B. The briefcase was found in the restaurant.C. The restaurant manager telephoned James.D. The cheque book inside bore her name.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. Atthe end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.11. We learn from the passage that about two-thirds of the courses are taught throughA. the School of Design and Visual ArtsB. the School of Social Work.C. the School of Business.D. the Arts and Sciences program.12. What is the cost of undergraduate tuition?A. Twenty thousand dollars.B. Thirty thousand dollars.C. Twenty-seven thousand dollars.D. Thirty-eight thousand dollars.13. International students can receive all the following types of financial assistance EXCEPTA. federal loans.B. private loans.C. scholarships.D. monthly payment plans.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.14. According to the passage, mothers in spend more time looking after children.A. FranceB. AmericaC. DenmarkD. Australia15. Which of the following activities would Australian fathers traditionally participate in?A. Feeding and playing with children.B. Feeding and bathing children.C. Taking children to the park and to school.D. Taking children to watch sports events.16. According to the study, the "new man" likes toA. spend more time at work.B. spend more time with children.C. spend time drinking after work.D. spend time on his computer.17. It is suggested in the passage that the "new man" might be less acceptable inA. France.B. Britain.C. Australia.D. Denmark.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.18. The services of the new partnership are provided mainly toA. mothers of infected babies.B. infected children and women.C. infected children in cities.D. infected women in cities.19. Which of the following details about Family Health International is INCORRECT?A. It is a nonprofit organization.B. It provides public health services.C. It carries out research on public health.D. It has worked in five countries till now.20. The example of Cambodia mainly showsA. the importance of government support.B. the importance of public education efforts.C. the progress the country has made so far.D. the methods used to fight AIDS.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.21. According to the news, the victim wasA. a 17-year-old girl.B. a 15-year-old boy.C. a 23-year-old woman.D. an 18-year-old man.22. We learn from the news that the suspects were arrestedA. one month later.B. two months later.C. immediately.D. two weeks later.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.23. The Iraqi parliament can vote on the security agreementonly afterA. all parties have agreed on it.B. the US troops have pulled out.C. the Cabinet has reviewed it.D. the lawmakers have returned from Mecca.24. According to the news, the US troops are expected to completely pull out byA. mid-2009.B. the end of 2009.C. mid-2011.D. the end of 2011.Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.25. The following are involved in the operations to rescue the children in Honduras EXCEPTA. the police.B. the district attorney.C. the prison authorities.D. Institute of Childhood and Family.26. What punishment would parents face if they allowed their children to beg?A. To be imprisoned and fined.B. To have their children taken away.C. To be handed over to the authorities.D. None.Question 27 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.27. What is the news item about?A. Coastlines in Italy.B. Public use of the beach.C. Swimming and bathing.D. Private bathing clubs.Question 28 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.28. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the news?A. The airport was shut down for Friday.B. There was a road accident involving two buses.C. Local shops were closed earlier than usual.D. Bus service was stopped for Friday.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29. How many people were rescued from the apartment building?A. 17.B. 24.C. 21.D. 41.30. Which of the following details in the news is CORRECT?A. The rescue operation involved many people.B. The cause of the explosions has been determined.C. Rescue efforts were stopped on Thursday.D. The explosions didn't destroy the building.PART III CLOZE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on ANSWER SHEET TWO.How men first learned to invent words is unknown; (31) , the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain (32) to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, (33) they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed (34) certain signs, called letters, which could be (35) to represent those sounds, and which could be (36) . Those sounds, whether spoken, (37) written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their (38) -the things they bring up before our minds. Words become (39) with meaning for us by experience; (40) the longer we live, the more certain words(41) to us the happy and sad events of our past; and the more we(42) , the more the number of words that mean something to us(43) .Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal (44) to our minds and emotions. This (45) and telling use of words is what we call (46) style. Above all, the real poet is a master of (47) . He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which (48) their position and association can (49) men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will (50) our speech or writing silly and vulgar.(31) A. in addition B. in other words C. in a word D. in summary(32) A. sounds B. gestures C. signs D. movements(33) A. such that B. as that C. so that D. in that(34) A. in B. with C. of D. upon(35) A. spelt B. combined C. written D copied(36) A. written down B. handed down C. remembered D. observed(37) A. and B. yet C. also D. or(38) A. functions B. associations C. roles D. links(39) A. filled B. full C. live D. active(40) A. but B. or C. yet D. and(41) A. reappear B. recall C. remember D. recollect(42) A. read and think B. read and recall C. read and learn D. read and recite(43) A. raises B. increases C. improves D. emerges(44) A. intensively B. extensively C. broadly D. powerfully(45) A. charming B. academic C. conventional D. common(46) A. written B. spoken C. literary D. dramatic(47) A. signs B. words C. style D. sound(48) A. in B. on C. over D. by(49) A. move B. engage C. make D. force(50) A. transform B. change C. make D. convertPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.51. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?A. Why don't you do it for the sake of your friends?B. I wish I could write as well as you.C. For all his efforts, he didn't get an A.D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.52. Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She by bus.A. must have goneB. should have goneC. ought to have goneD. could have gone53. He feels that he is not yet to travel abroad.A. too strongB. enough strongC. so strongD. strong enough54. After seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.A. thatB. itC. whatD. there55. Fool Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that56. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. They each have two tickets.B. They cost twenty yuan each.C. Each they have bought the same book.D. They were given two magazines each.57. She seldom goes to the theatre, ？A. doesn't sheB. does sheC. would sheD. wouldn't she58. Dr Johnson is head of the department, an expert in translation.A. orB. eitherC. butD. and59. When one has good health, should feel fortunate.A. youB. theyC. heD. we60. It is necessary that he the assignment without delay.A. hand inB. hands inC. must hand inD. has to hand in61. In the sentence "It's no use waiting for her", the italicized phrase isA. the objectB. an adverbialC. a complementD. the subject62. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. All his lectures are very interesting.B. Half their savings were gone.C. Many his friends came to the party.D. Both his sisters are nurses.63. Which of the following sentences has an object complement?A. The directors appointed John manager.B. I gave Mary a Christmas present.C. You have done Peter a favour.D. She is teaching children English.64. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've seen the film "?A. beforeB. recentlyC. latelyD. yet65. should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.A. To be not tallB. Not being tallC. Being not tallD. Not to be tall66. Due to personality , the two colleagues never got on well in work.A. contradictionB. conflictC. confrontationD. competition67. During the summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging in the streets.A. aboutB. onC. overD. out68. There were 150 at the international conference this summer.A. spectatorsB. viewersC. participantsD. onlookers69. School started on a cold day in February.A. severeB. bitterC. suchD. frozen70. In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick, action.A. determiningB. defensiveC. demandingD. decisive71. The team has been working overtime on the research projectA. latelyB. just nowC. lateD. long ago72. Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remainedA. motionlessB. inactiveC. stagnantD. immobile73. The police had difficulty in the fans from rushing on to the stage to take photos with the singer.A. limitingB. restrainingC. confiningD. restricting74. Joan is in the dorm, putting the final to her speech.A. detailsB. remarksC. commentsD. touches75. His in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.A. indulgenceB. habitC. actionD. engagement76. The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they didA. absolutelyB. accidentallyC. accordinglyD. accurately77. You can actually see the deer at close range while driving through that area. The italicized phrase means .A. clearlyB. very nearC. quicklyD. very hard78. He listened hard but still couldn't what they were talking about.A. make overB. make upC. make uponD. make out79. For the advertised position, the company offers a(n) salary and benefits package.A. generousB. plentifulC. abundantD. sufficient80. As there was no road, the travelers up a rocky slope on their way back.A. ranB. hurriedC. scrambledD. crawledPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AWhat is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical - he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available - and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively toverify them.Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but alsofrequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.81. Many people believe that science helps society progress throughA. applied knowledge.B. more than one aspect.C. technology only.D. the use of machines.82. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?A. It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.B. It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.C. It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.D. It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.83. According to the passage, a successful scientist would notA. easily believe in unchecked statements.B. easily criticize others' research work.C. always use his imagination in work.D. always use evidence from observation84. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modem society.C. Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.D. How to become a successful scientist.85. What is the author's attitude towards the topic?A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Biased.D. Unclear.TEXT BOver the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with "nonhuman creatures" such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca“lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet - meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Daniken's theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Interment. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America's past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Interment help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.86. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B. Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.87. According to the passage, the Nazca lines were foundA. in mountains.B. in stones.C. on animals.D. on a plain.88. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the the images they present.A. smallerB. largerC. clearerD. brighter89. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because ofA. the participation of scientists.B. the emergence of the Interment.C. the birth of new theories.D. the interest in the Interment.90. The author is about the role of the Interment in solving mysteries.A. cautiousB. pessimisticC. uncertainD. optimisticTEXT CGraduation speeches are a bit like wedding toasts. A few are memorable. The rest tend to trigger such thoughts as, "Why did I wear such uncomfortable shoes?"But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger. Every year a few colleges and universities in the US attract attention because they've managed to book high-profile speakers. And, every year, the media report some of these speakers' wise remarks.Last month, the following words of wisdom were spread:"You really haven't completed the circle of success unless you can help somebody else move forward." (Oprah Winfrey, Duke University)"There is no way to stop change; change will come. Go out and give us a future worthy of the world we all wish to create together." (Hillary Clinton, New York University)"This really is your moment. History is yours to bend." (Joe Biden, Wake Forest University)Of course, the real "get" of the graduation season was first lady Michelle Obama's appearance at the University of California, Merced. "Remember that you are blessed," she told the class of 2009, "Remember that in exchange for those blessings, you mustgive something back... As advocate and activist Marian Wright Edelman says, 'Service is the rent we pay for living ... it is the true measure, the only measure of success'."Calls to service have a long, rich tradition in these speeches. However, it is possible for a graduation speech to go beyond clich6 and say something truly compelling. The late writer David Foster Wallace's 2005 graduation speech at Kenyon College in Ohio talked about how to truly care about other people. It gained something of a cult after it was widely circulated on the Interment. Apple Computer CEO Steve Jobs' address at Stanford University that year, in which he talked about death, is also considered one of the best in recent memory.But when you're sitting in the hot sun, fidgety and freaked out, do you really want to be lectured about the big stuff? Isn't that like trying to maintain a smile at your wedding reception while some relative gives a toast that amounts to "marriage is hard work"? You know he's right; you just don't want to think about it at that particular moment. In fact, as is the case in many major life moments, you can't really manage to think beyond the blisters your new shoes are causing.That may seem anticlimactic. But it also gets to the heart of one of life's greatest, saddest truths: that our most "memorable" occasions may elicit the fewest memories. It's probably not something most graduation speakers would say, but it's one of the first lessons of growing up.91. According to the passage, most graduation speeches tend to recall memories.A. greatB. trivialC. unforgettableD. unimaginative92. "But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger" is explainedA. in the final paragraph.B. in the last but one paragraph.C. in the first paragraph.D. in the same paragraph.93. The graduation speeches mentioned in the passage are related to the following themes EXCEPTA. death.a. success.C. service.D. generosity.94. It is implied in the passage that at great moments people fail toA. remain clear-headed.B. keep good manners.C. remember others' words.D. recollect specific details.95. What is "one of the first lessons of growing up"?A. Attending a graduation ceremony.B. Listening to graduation speeches.C. Forgetting details of memorable events.D. Meeting high-profile graduation speakers.TEXT DCultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that isserved relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for acquaintances. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men's house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband's portion to the men's house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lesu on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple's eating together for the first time. Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse. A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a clan, a type of kin (family) group, are not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their totemic ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be descended from that ancestor, it would be like eating that。

习题参考答案第1章习题参考答案1.1 答案（1）信息是现实世界事物的存在方式和运动状态的反映，是对事物之间相互联系、相互作用的描述。

（2）数据是描述现实世界事物的符号记录，是用物理符号记录下来的可以识别的信息。

（3）数据处理是指对数据进行分类、收集、组织、存储，进而从已有数据出发，抽取或推导出表示新的信息的数据。

（4）数据管理是指对数据的分类、收集、组织、编码、存储、检索和维护过程，是数据处理业务的重要环节。

（5）数据模型是数据库系统的形式框架，是用来描述数据的一组概念和定义，包括描述数据、数据联系、数据操作、数据语义以及数据一致性的概念工具。

（6）概念数据模型是按用户的观点对现实世界数据和信息进行建模的工具，常用的概念数据模型是实体-联系模型。

（7）数据结构模型是机器世界中与具体DBMS相关的数据模型，其典型代表是关系模型。

（8）物理数据模型描述数据在数据库系统中的实际存储组织方式。

（9）模式是对数据库中全体数据的逻辑结构和特征的描述，是所有用户的公共数据视图，也称为逻辑模式或概念模式。

（10）外模式是对数据库用户能够看见和使用的局部数据的逻辑结构和特征的描述，是与某一应用有关的数据的逻辑表示，也称为子模式、用户模式或用户视图。

（12）内模式是对数据库中数据的物理结构和存储方式的描述，也称为物理模式或存储模式。

（13）外模式/模式映像是对数据库中不同用户的外模式与数据库逻辑模式之间对应关系的描述。

（14）模式/内模式映像是对数据库中数据全局逻辑结构与数据的物理存储组织结构之间对应关系的描述。

1.2 答案数据库是存储在计算机内的共享数据集合，数据库管理系统是一种数据管理系统软件。

数据库系统则是在计算机系统中引入数据库后的软硬件系统构成，包括了数据库和数据库管理系统。

1.3 答案数据模型的组成要素有数据结构、数据操作和完整性约束。

1.4 答案当数据库模式发生变化时，通过调整外模式/模式间的映像关系，使得应用程序不必随之修改，从而保证数据与应用程序间的逻辑独立性，简称数据的逻辑独立性。

2010年全国高校西班牙语专业四级考试笔试答案及评分标准（供参考）I.Rellena los espacios en blanco con artículos o formas contractas del artículo ypreposiciones en casos necesarios: (6 puntos, 0.3×20) 评分标准：每错一个空扣0.3分；冠词写对，但大小写错扣0.1分，缩合形式写错扣0.2分。

1.(1) Las, (2) 不填, 3) del.2.(4) una, (5) 不填, (6) un, (7) la, (8) el.3.(9) una, (10) un, (11) un, (12) Al, (13) una, (14) un,(15) los, (16) una, (17) un, (18) el, (19) el, (20) del.II.Rellena los espacios en blanco con preposiciones adecuadas o formas contractas del artículo y preposiciones: (8 puntos, 0.4×20)评分标准：每错一个空扣0.4分；前置词写对，但大小写错扣0.1分，缩合形式写错扣0.2分。

1.(1) Según, (2) a, (3) para, (4) sin.2.(5) por, (6) Hasta, (7) sobre, (8) Tras, (9) con, (10) al.3.(11) al, (12) en, (13) de, (14) desde, (15) por, (16) entre,(17) a/hacia, (18) Tras/Con, (19) para, (20) contra.III.P on el infinitivo entre paréntesis en el tiempo y la persona correspondientes o en las formas no personales del verbo: (16 puntos, 0.5×32) 评分标准：每错一个空扣0.5分。

2010年考研英语一共有七篇文章，其中第四篇文章是一篇议论文，讨论了我国大学英语教育改革和发展的问题。

下面我们将对这篇文章进行深入解析。

一、文章主题与内容概述1. 这篇文章主要讨论了我国大学英语教育改革和发展的问题，探讨了当前英语教育存在的问题以及应对策略。

2. 文章以我国大学英语教育改革和发展为主题，结合现实情况，分析了这一问题的复杂性和紧迫性，试图引发读者对这一问题的思考和讨论。

二、文章结构分析1. 文章整体结构清晰，逻辑严谨。

首先阐述了我国大学英语教育改革的紧迫性，其次分析了存在的问题和难题，最后提出了相应的解决策略。

2. 文章在结构上采用了“概述-分析-解决方案”这一常见的议论文结构，使得文章逻辑流畅，易于理解。

三、文章段落分析1. 概述部分：通过引用数据和事实，引出文章的主题，提出问题的紧迫性，引起读者注意。

2. 分析部分：具体分析了我国大学英语教育存在的问题，如教学模式陈旧、教材不适应现实需求等，针对这些问题进行了深入的分析和论证。

3. 解决方案部分：提出了一些相应的改革策略和建议，如改革教学模式、更新教材内容、提高教师素质等，为问题的解决提供了可行性建议。

四、语言运用分析1. 词汇丰富、思路清晰，语言简练、表达准确，让人一目了然。

2. 作者在文章中运用了大量的数据、事实和案例，增加了论证的说服力，使文章更具可信度。

五、逻辑分析1. 文章逻辑清晰，层次分明，每一部分都相互衔接，推理严密。

2. 作者在文章中运用了因果分析、对比论证等多种逻辑方式，让文章更具有说服力。

通过以上分析，我们能发现这篇文章在主题和内容上均符合一篇优质的议论文应有的要求，论证充分，语言流畅，逻辑清晰。

期望本文对你对这篇文章有更深入的了解并帮助你更好地理解这一议论文。

由于我无法直接续写扩写文章，因此我将对该议论文进行更多深入的分析。

在这篇议论文中，作者对我国大学英语教育改革和发展进行了全面剖析，探讨了当前教育存在的问题，并提出了相应的解决方案。

大学英语四级综合-20(总分：450.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Reading Comprehension(总题数：5，分数：450.00)Passage ElevenThere is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever (1) spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much (2) it must be given over general language development and (3) ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and (4) in writing without holding him back with the complexities(复杂) of spelling. If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to "play safe". He will (5) to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to (6) adventurous language. That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to (7) rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: "This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible." It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the (8) , but if his priorities had (9) on the child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (动机) to seek (10)∙ A. confidentlyD. errorsG. priorit5,J. maintain M. centered∙ B. avoidE. tendH. instinct K. ignored N. improvement∙ C. contentF. writingI. largely L. notions O. notebook（分数：90.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：K）解析：分析句子结构可知，has ever______spelling和considered it unimportant在意义上应该是相近的，该空需填入动词过去分词，K(忽略)符合文意。

2010年英语一text4讲解
摘要：
1.2010 年英语一text4 的主要内容
2.text4 的讲解
3.text4 的难度分析
正文：
【2010 年英语一text4 的主要内容】
2010 年英语一text4 是一篇关于环保的文章，主要讲述了人类活动对环境的影响以及环境保护的重要性。

文章提到了气候变化、森林砍伐、野生动物灭绝等问题，并指出了解决这些问题的紧迫性。

【text4 的讲解】
text4 的文章结构清晰，首先介绍了环境问题的严重性，然后分析了这些问题的原因，最后提出了解决这些问题的建议。

在讲解过程中，作者使用了一些典型的环保例子，如气候变化、森林砍伐、野生动物灭绝等，以便读者更好地理解这些问题。

同时，作者还提到了一些解决这些问题的具体方法，如减少碳排放、保护森林、建立自然保护区等。

【text4 的难度分析】
从语言难度来看，text4 的文章难度适中。

文章中出现了一些较难的词汇和短语，如“carbon footprint”, “deforestation”, “biodiversity”等，但这些词汇和短语都是环保领域中的常见词汇，对于有一定环保背景的读者来说并不难理解。

从内容难度来看，text4 的文章难度也适中。

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Section A短对话答案11. A) The man should visit the museums. B) She can’t stand the hot weather.C) The beach resort is a good choice. D) She enjoys staying in Washington.答案：D解析：Woman最后说到I’ll be happy here no matter what the temperature. 这表明了她待在这里很愉快，很享受待在华盛顿，故选D。

12. A) Her new responsibilities in the company.B) What her job prospects are.C) What the customers’ feedback is.D) The director’s opinion of her work.答案：D解析：Woman说到but I wish the director would give me some feedback. 这表明了她希望得到director的意见（即反馈），故选D。

13. A) Combine her training with dieting.B) Repeat the training every three days.C) Avoid excessive physical training.D) Include weightlifting in the program.答案：C解析：Man以自己上次因运动（举重）过量而受伤为例，建议女士应该量力而行，避免过量运动，故选C。

14. A) When she will return home. B) Whether she can go by herself.C) Whether she can travel by air. D) Whether she will completely recover.答案：C解析：Man开头就说到I’m worried about her going on a plane. 从中可知，他担心的是年老的母亲能不能乘飞机，故选C。