山寨文化有利中国
“山寨文化”则是指山寨产品从策划、创意到加工制造，以及推向市场过程中，在生产者和消费者以及社会上所形成的一种被社会广泛关注，或者引起争议的文化现象。
"Copycat culture" refers to the copycat products from the planning, creativity to the processing and manufacturing, as well as to the market process, producers and consumers and the community formed by a widespread social concern, or controversial cultural phenomenon.
没有山寨，就没有知识产权的百家齐放，一家独大的局面是不利于科技的创新的。只有百家齐放，竞争才会激烈，虽然会有牺牲，虽然会有不公，但是所谓的正版厂商，如果保持自己的领先优势，又何惧山寨呢？居里夫人的案例可以用。山寨，可能会伤害部分厂商的经济利益，但是这种经济利益，与人类思想、科技的全面发展相比，谁更重？
No copycat, there is no intellectual property 100 Qi-fang, alone big situation is not beneficial to the science and technology innovation.Only one hundred Qi-fang, competition will be intense, although there will be sacrificed, although there may be unfair, but the original manufacturer, if maintained their lead, and does not fear the copycat?Mrs. Curie's case can be used.Copycat, may harm the part of manufacturers to economic benefits, but the economic benefit, and human thought, science and technology in the round development is compared, who is more important?
山寨文化是民间创新力量的表现。从山寨产品的情况看来，固然有一些是伪劣产品，但多数是通过借鉴模仿而赋予创意的产品，有的产品特别是手机产品，往往整合了很多不同优质品牌的长处，再根据草根平民阶层的需求，增加新的功能，从而形成了一种新的产品。Copycat culture is the manifestation of the power of the folk innovation.From copycat product case, although some is false and inferior product, but mostly through imitation and to give creative products, some products, especially mobile phone products, often a lot of integration of different quality brand strengths, according to the grassroots civilian needs, adding new features, thus forming a kind of new product.
至于山寨影视，特别是山寨新闻联播、山寨明星等，则更是“山民”利用名牌栏目的名气和名人的良好社会形象，借以表达自己对社会种种不良现象特别是官场腐败的痛恨，从而表达出自己对公序良俗的渴望，对美好生活的向往。其间，充满了调侃式的、极具幽默感的方式、语言和感情，反映了民众通过平和的方式和手段，表达渴望变革的善良情怀。这无论在山寨产品创造和利益诉求的表达方面，都是一种创新，是民间和谐文化的创新。
As for the copycat copycat news broadcast television, in particular, copycat stars, is the "mountain" brand column by fame and celebrity good social image, so as to express themselves on the society a variety of harmful phenomenon especially official corruption hate, to express themselves on the public order and good customs of longing, yearning for a better life.Meanwhile, filled with a tongue-in-cheek, very humorous manner, language and feelings, reflect the people through peaceful ways and means of expression of good feelings, eager to change.This in terms of copycat product creation and interests expression, is a kind of innovation, the innovation of folk culture of harmony.
山寨文化是对相关行业特别是垄断行业暴利行为的反抗。
Copycat culture is to relevant industries in particular the monopoly industry profiteering.
苹果皮，基于苹果手机的山寨创新
Apple peel, apple mobile phone based on the copycat innovation
山寨文化是促进技术创新、发展新型科技的重要力量。从模仿到创新，是技术进步产品创造的必然途径。山寨文化的很多产品，都是对先进产品的模仿。模仿并不违法，也不失德。大量的山寨产品的出现，山寨企业之间的竞争，山寨企业和庙堂企业的竞争，客观上对促进各自产品的更新换代，促进各自从功能到样式的不断创新，从而推进整个社会技术创新、科技发展。
Copycat culture is to promote technical innovation, development of new the main force of science and technology.From imitation to innovation, technological progress is the inevitable way of product creation.Copycat culture of many products, are the advanced product imitation.Imitation is not illegal, does not lose heart.Many copycat copycat products, the competition between the enterprise, enterprise and enterprise's competition copycat temple, objectively to promote their product upgrading, promote their from the function to the style of innovation, technology innovation, so as to push the whole society the development of science and technology.
“山寨文化”，是对山寨现象的高度概括，是对市场经济条件下不规范的、不受政府管束的民间性、规模性、群体性模仿(当然也有盗版)、创新活动的社会现象的概括。"Copycat culture", is the highly generalization of copycat phenomenon under the condition of market economy, is not standardized, not subject to governmental control folk, scale, mass mimicking (of course there are pirated), innovation activities social phenomenon are summarized.
山寨文化是作为发展中国家、市场经济不够完善国家的一种必然的的社会文化现象。客观上促使体制内行业对于自己的服务素质、利润(有时甚至是暴利)空间的反省。
Copycat culture is developing, market economy is not perfect state of a certain social culture phenomenon.Objective to the system within the industry for their service quality, profit (and sometimes even profiteering) space reflection.
山寨文化之所以能风行全国，皆因为其最平民化的时尚，最全民化的娱乐，它巧妙地在社会文化多元化的背景下捕捉到了人们的猎奇、从众等心态，形成一股备受关注的态势。所以说，山寨文化就是大众文化，就是平民文化，就是草根文化。
Copycat culture can be popular in the country, because of its most popular fashion, the most popular entertainment, it cleverly in society under the background of cultural diversity to capture people's curiosity, herd mentality, the formation of a concern about the situation.Therefore, copycat culture is the popular culture, is the civilian culture, is the grass-roots culture.
比如索尼公司，早期就是将国外的产品买回来解剖研究，然后消化其核心技术，在此基础上再进行各种组合创新，继而向市场推出比原版功能更多、质量更好的产品。山寨文化为什么能成燎原之势？核心就在于山寨有着许多自己的创意和技术创新。作为一种草根文化现象，山寨企业对传统的技术模式发起挑战，对于促进整体行业的创造和创新功不可没。规范和制约山寨的违法侵权现象，把山寨的技术和创意纳入理性合法的轨道，也才能让以创新为特征的山寨文化走得更快更稳。“山寨文化”的粉丝团之所以越来越大，甚至一些山寨自身也成了品牌，正说明山寨文化的生命力在于其创新。
For example, Sony Corp, is the early stage foreign products to buy back the study of anatomy, and digest its core technology, on the basis of further various combinations of innovation, and then to the market than the original more functions, better quality products.Copycat culture why can
become Liaoyuanzhishi?The core lies in the copycat is having a lot of their creativity and technical innovation.As a grass-roots cultural phenomenon, copycat enterprises of traditional technology model challenge, whole industry to promote creativity and innovation achievements can not.Standardize and restrict the illegal tort copycat phenomenon, the copycat technology and creativity into the rational legal orbit, also can let the innovative feature of the copycat culture go faster and more stable."Copycat culture" fans are becoming more and more large, and even some copycat itself has become a brand, is a description of copycat culture vitality lies in its innovation.
苏－27国产化的产品叫歼－11；WPS之于OFFICE；华为之于思科；还有我们的和谐铁路等等，早期的国产机走的都是一种类似山寨的路线。
Sue - 27 domestic product called annihilates - 11; WPS to OFFICE; to Cisco Huawei; and our harmonious railway and so on, the early domestic machine walking are a similar copycat route.
更是一种经济现象，恰恰说明了竞争多元性的合理性。当某种技术壁垒随着时间以及技术普及被突破后，垄断便千疮百孔不攻自破，价格自然回归合理“山寨”思路创造了一种合理合法的“学习”“临摹”的迂回突破的思路。
It is a kind of economic phenomenon, it illustrates the competition a plurality of rationality.When some technical barriers with time and technology popularization to be broken, and collapse of itself in a disastrous state monopoly, the price of natural regression of reasonable "copycat" train of thought to create a reasonable and legitimate "learning" "copy" circuitous breakthrough ideas.
解决当前社会上所泛滥的山寨产品、山寨行为的无序状况，从而更好地以科学发展观引导“山寨文化”，通过正确引导和规范“山寨产品”和“山寨行为”的发展，进而增强社会市场经济的有序发展，提升“山寨文化”的品味，通过健康，向上的节目，使其进入合理、健康的发展轨道。
Solve current society the widespread copycat products, copycat behavior disordered state, thereby better with the scientific outlook on development to guide the "copycat culture", through the correct guidance and norms "copycat products" and "copycat behavior" development, and enhance the social market economy order development, promote "copycat culture taste," through the health, the program, enter the reasonable, and healthy development track.
在人们通常的观念里，“山寨”就是模仿，模仿则意味着抄袭、侵权。模仿俨然成为了创新
的“死敌”，两者似乎水火不容。其实，模仿与创新、与知识产权之间有重要的联系。人类社会进步与文明进程就是一个不断模仿和学习的过程。模仿本身是一个学习的过程，模仿不能简单地等同于抄袭或者剽窃。
In the popular notion, "copycat" is the imitation, imitation is mean copying, tort.Imitation has become innovative "enemies", which seems to be incompatible.In fact, imitation and innovation, and intellectual property are important links.The progress of human society and civilization process is a continuous process of imitation and learning.Imitation itself is a process of learning, imitation is not simply equal to copy or plagiarism.
“模仿也是一种创新”。模仿是从模仿者对被模仿之物进行了某种创造性的变化，具有一定的、独特的个性和独创的角度来说的，也就是通常所说的“模仿创新”。不过，如果只
是对被模仿对象“依葫芦画瓢”，或者说简单的变造、移植，而没有模仿者发挥个人创造性、革新的空间，那么就不是创新，而且还很可能侵犯他人的知识产权。
"Imitation is a kind of innovation".Imitation is to imitate fabric from imitator is a creative change, has certain, unique personality and unique perspective, also known as the "imitation innovation".However, if only to be imitated object "follow suit", or simply altered, transplantation, and no imitators play individual creativity, innovation space, then it is not innovation, but also is likely to infringe the intellectual property of others.
“山寨”在模仿各种产品的基础上，如果能把各种产品的优点加以集中，再加上一些必要的创造性劳动，那就是创新。
"Copycat" in imitation of a variety of products on the basis of, if can make a variety of products advantages to be concentrated, plus some necessary creative labor, it is innovation.
从各国发展的道路来看，很多国家从落后走向先进都有一个模仿的过程，所以不能一棍子打死。不许模仿，统统都搞创新，那是不可能的。“山寨”现象可以说是我国经济社会发展中的一种必然现象。由于我国整体的技术研发能力与西方发达国家相比有较大的差距，而在知识产权国际化程度越来越高的情况下又不能仿造、仿冒他人产品，具有一定创新的模仿就显得很重要。因此，以模仿为重要特征的“山寨”现象具有产业发展的积极一面。关键在于如何在尊重他人知识产权的基础上，通过研究、学习，从他人技术、产品中获得启发，“站在巨人的肩膀上”进行更好的发明创造。对于很多研发能力不够强的中小企业来说，如何及时适应市场变化，在不侵权的基础上实现“模仿创新”是其知识产权战略的重要内容。From the development of the road, a lot of countries from backwardness to advanced there is a mimic the process, so can not down at one stroke.Do not imitate, all engage in innovation, it is not possible."Copycat" phenomenon can be said to be China's economic and social development is an inevitable phenomenon.Due to China's overall R & D capability compared with the western developed country have bigger difference, whereas in the intellectual property internationalization degree is more and more high under the condition of not fake, counterfeit other product, have certain innovation imitation becomes very important.Therefore, to mimic the important feature of the "copycat" phenomenon has industry to develop the positive side of the.The key is how to respect others based on intellectual property rights, through research, learn from others, technology, products to gain inspiration, "standing on the shoulders of giants" for better creation.For many R & D capability is not strong enough for the small and medium enterprises, how to adapt to market changes, in the tort based on the implementation of "innovation" is the important content of the intellectual property rights strategy.
我国电信业龙头企业华为就是从模仿到创新成功转型的典范。在创业初期，华为也有过一段“山寨”的经历，以价格优势占领市场，迅速完成资本积累，但华为很快转型，着力进行自主研发，最终成长为行业巨头。
China's telecom industry leading enterprises Huawei is from imitation to innovation model of successful transition.In the early entrepreneurs, Huawei also had a "copycat" experience, with the price advantage to capture the market, rapid completion of capital accumulation, but Huawei transformation quickly, exert oneself to undertake independent research and development, eventually grow into giant.
“山寨”并不是一件坏事，但如果“山寨”成瘾则势必不能长久。要模仿，更要创新。对于生产山寨产品的企业来说，通过学习他人的技术，在他人的基础上做出自己的创新成果，打造核心竞争力，是未来发展的必然选择。
"Copycat" is not a bad thing, but if "copycat" addiction is bound not long.To imitate, to innovation.For the production of copycat products enterprises, through the study of technology of others, the others are made on the basis of their innovations, to build the core competitiveness, is the inevitable choice of the future development.
我方坚持认为山寨文化有利于创新。从模仿到创新，这是每一个企业发展的必经之路。社
会学家、资深评论家艾君告诉我们“山寨文化不仅能够为社会带来发展和创新，也能为科技的进步打下扎实的基础。”江泽民总书记说“创新是一个民族进步的灵魂，是国家兴旺发达的不竭动力。”然而，创新并不是凭空存在的，创新也是需要物质与精神土壤的。而山寨文化便为创新提供了物质和精神土壤。
I insist that copycat culture is conducive to innovation.From imitation to innovation, this is each enterprise development the only way which must be passed.Sociologists, senior critic Ai Jun tells us "copycat culture can not only bring about social development and innovation, but also for the progress of science and technology to lay a solid foundation."General Secretary Jiang Zemin said "innovation is the soul of a nation's progress, it is the country is healthy not exhaust motivation."However, innovation is not out of existence, innovation is the need of substance and spirit of the soil.The copycat culture for innovation provides the material and spiritual soil.
从矛盾创造的层面上来说，山寨文化加剧了企业之间的竞争，也就有利于企业的科技创新。培根曾经说过“创新，是对于物质世界的矛盾再创造，从而形成新的物质形态的过程”。也就是说，矛盾是一切创新的核心。而山寨文化的出现恰恰促进了企业与企业之间的新的矛盾产生，与此同时也便促进了企业的技术创新与管理文化的创新。山寨文化这条"鲶鱼"的介入，将使各大企业面对更大的压力，稍有不慎，他们就有可能被清出竞争队伍。达尔文告诉我们“物竞天择，适者生存。”在竞争的过程中，不少企业的破产这是不可避免的。至于所谓的不正当竞争则主要是由于市场秩序的不健全而导致的，不正当竞争古已有之，并不是因为山寨文化的出现而出现的。
From contradiction to create level, copycat culture aggravate the competition between the enterprise, also is advantageous to the enterprise technology innovation.Bacon once said, "innovation, is to the material world to create contradictions, thus forming a new physical course".That is to say, the contradiction is the core of all innovation.The copycat culture appears just promoted between enterprises and new contradictions, at the same time also will promote the enterprise technology innovation and management innovation of culture.Copycat culture this article "catfish" intervention, will make the enterprises face greater pressure, has slightly carelessly, they may be out of the competition team.Darwin tells us that "survival of the fittest in natural selection, survival of the fittest."In the competitive process, many enterprises bankruptcy it is inevitable.As for the so-called unfair competition is mainly due to the order of the market is not perfect and lead, unfair competition has existed since ancient times, and not because the copycat culture and the emergence of.
从创新思维上来说，山寨文化有利于开拓民众的创新性思维，从而有利于创新。山寨文化是
一种平民文化，一种大众文化，一种草根文化。山寨文化的创造力来源于广大民众，山寨文化的原动力在于人民。越南版的还珠格格或许在我们看来粗陋不堪，但是它却能够在越南取得巨大的成功，究其原因便是因为他们山寨后根据当地的文化有所创新。山寨文化没有太高的要求，民众可以较轻易地参与其中，山寨文化为民众提供了一个发扬自己创新思维的舞台，因此我们说山寨文化对于开拓民众的创新性思维是起到了巨大的作用的。
From innovative thinking, copycat culture helps to develop the creative thinking, thus facilitating innovation.Copycat culture is a kind of common culture, a kind of mass culture, a kind of grass-roots culture.Copycat culture creativity comes from the broad masses of the people, copycat culture is the driving force of people.Vietnamese version of the princess huanzhu maybe we look ugly, but it can in Vietnam gained huge success, investigate its reason is because they copycat according to local cultural innovation.Copycat culture not too high demands, people can easily participate, copycat culture for the public to provide a develop their innovative thinking stage, so we say the copycat culture for the development of people's creative thinking is played a huge role.
从民众的需求上来说，山寨文化符合民众的需求，而民众的需求是创新的原动力。如果说主流文化是夜空中皎洁的明月，那么山寨文化便是那点点闪烁的星辰；如果说主流文化是横亘千里的长江，那么山寨文化便是那蜿蜒曲折的溪流。民众需要的不仅是主流文化，民众也需要非主流文化，现在非主流文化的流行我们姑且不论它的好坏，但是一个东西要想流行，与民众的需求是分不开的。当今中国CPI指数迅猛增长，居民的平均收入水平却上升缓慢。山寨文化符合了人们的需求，自然也就有利于创新了。
From the needs of the people for copycat culture, to meet the people's demands, and the needs of the people is the motive force of innovation.If the mainstream culture in the night sky is bringing a bright moon, so copycat culture is the little twinkling stars; if the mainstream culture is lie across thousands of miles of the Yangtze River, then the copycat culture is the meandering stream.People not only need the mainstream culture, people also need the non-mainstream culture, mainstream culture popular now we believe that regardless of its quality, but a thing to pop, and the needs of the people are inseparable.In today's China CPI index rapid growth, dweller average income levels have risen slowly.Copycat culture meets the demand of people, nature also is conducive to innovation.
我认为我们双方焦点主要有对1.模仿是否有利于创新。2.山寨是否打击正规企业自主创新积极性。3，山寨产生的社会效应，社会思潮，是否有利于创新。4.竞争有利于创新，但恶性竞争是否有利于创新，山寨是否是恶性竞争，山寨是否会造成恶性循环，进而影响整个社会的创新。另外，山寨的资料也是太多了，还有很多，我还没来得及整理，应该还有很多纰漏。
I think we both focus mainly on 1 imitation is conducive to innovation.2 whether copycat combat formal enterprises independent innovation enthusiasm.3, copycat produces social effect, social trend of thought, whether it is beneficial to the innovation.The 4 competition is conducive to innovation, but malignant competition is conducive to innovation, copycat is malign competition, copycat will cause vicious spiral, thereby affecting the entire social innovation.In addition, copycat data is too many, many, I have no time to finish, there should be a lot of mistakes.
对于立论方面，个人认为应该首先明确一下山寨文化的实质，重点还是在于借鉴与模仿，而创新从来不是从0做起的，创新的基础，往往就是借鉴与模仿。那么，在这个层面上山寨文
化是为创新创造了一个积极有利的条件。第二点，从山寨文化的价值上来说，它具有广大的民众基础，能够为创新集思广益，某种程度上也能敦促主流文化的创新和发展。（而关于定义方面，个人觉得现在对山寨文化的定义多而杂，单以一家之言难以让别人信服，如此这般，不如从实质下手，避开定义）
For the argument, personally think that should first clarify copycat culture essence, is still the focus reference and imitation, but innovation is not from 0 to start, the foundation of innovation, is often reference and imitation.So, at this level copycat culture is to create a positive conditions.Second, from the copycat culture value, it has a broad popular base, can benefit by mutual discussion for innovation, to some extent, can urge the mainstream culture of innovation and development.(about the definition, personal feel to copycat culture definition is much and miscellaneous, single to statements of a school is difficult to convince others, such as from the essence, start, avoid definition)
另外要注意一下，山寨文化和山寨产品之间的区别；注意辩题是是否利于，而不是山寨文化好不好；创新存在两个主体，一个是山寨者，一个是被山寨者；不要抓住有一点利就是有利来展开论述。反方比较容易提及的问题就是围绕山寨产品的质量，侵权，不思进取等方面展开。（注意，是山寨产品，所以应严格区分文化和产品）
In addition to note, copycat copycat culture and the difference between products; pay attention to whether the motion is beneficial, but not copycat culture is good; innovation has two main bodies, is a copycat, is a copycat; don't catch a little and is favorable to spread out discuss.The question is more easily around the copycat product quality, tort, progress and other aspects.(note, is a copycat product, it should be strictly distinguish between culture and products)
所以我才会说与其把焦点放在这里倒不如换一个思考角度为了在旧有产品的市场中拼出一条生路山寨产品就必须要和旧有的产品有些许差别例如功能更多，或者更便宜对吗？要做到这一点，要不要创新呢？当你把焦点放在这一个地方是不是就可以不去争执那一些模糊地带？
So I will say with the focus here rather than change a perspective to the old products in the market to spell out a means of livilihood copycat products must be a little bit different and old product such as more functions, or cheaper to?To do this, want innovation?When you focus on this place is it right? Can't dispute that some fuzzy zone?
山寨文化是体现民间文化创造力的“好东西
Copycat culture is the embodiment of folk cultural creative "good stuff
盗版与山寨文化不是一回事
Piracy and copycat culture is not the same thing
也正因为精英和贫民在价值观的迥异，致使山寨文化的盛行。在文化上貌似精英才有发言权，传播的平台和渠道也被垄断了，草根们找不到展示自我的舞台，于是才有了与央视春晚叫板的“山寨春晚”，昂贵的奢侈品被山寨了，也才能飞入寻常百姓家，与我们可亲可近。山寨
文化独辟蹊径，在精英垄断的文化领域杀出一条血路。在不违法的前提下，山寨文化从夹缝中走向前台
Also because of the elite and the poor in the values of the different, cause copycat culture being in vogue.On the culture of seemingly elite can say, communication channel and platform has also been a monopoly, the grass roots can not find a stage to show themselves, so only with the CCTV Spring Festival evening challenge "copycat show", expensive luxuries were copycat, can also fly into common people's home, and our dearest.Copycat culture is unique, in the field of culture elite forestall your way.In do not break the law under the premise, copycat culture from the slit to the front
要否定山寨，那么是不是要否定“XXX的中国化”。就法律史而言，传承历史传统，移植外来的法律制度从某种意义上来说也是山寨的过程。而这些“山寨文化”在历史上不是视为糟粕垃圾，而被誉为开明进步的表现，传统或外来的文化“拿来主义”、“师夷长技以制夷”，再结合中国实际，使得中国的步伐更快了，站在巨人的肩膀上也就看得更远。
To deny the copycat, so is it right? "XXX Chinese negation".On legal history, historical tradition, transplantation of foreign legal system in a sense is a copycat process.And these "copycat culture" in the history is not regarded as a trash garbage, and known as the enlightened progress performance, traditional or foreign culture "to take creed", "razed long division razed to the system", and then combining with the reality of China, the China faster, standing on the shoulders of giants also see farther.
就知识产权保护来说，很多有一定创造力的山寨产品也在法律的保护范围内，比如演绎作品，再比如专利实施的强制许可，一项取得专利权的发明或者实用新型比前已经取得专利权的发明或者实用新型具有显著经济意义的重大技术进步，可以给予实施前一发明或者实用新型的强制许可。准确给山寨文化定位，山寨文化有了支点才能发扬光大，有时候我们不得不佩服，有的山寨文化或产品已经比被模仿的对象先进太多。
On the intellectual property rights protection, many have certain creativity copycat products in law within the scope of protection, such as deduction works, for instance the patent compulsory license, a patented invention or utility model than has been patented invention or utility model has significant economic significance significant technological advances, can give the invention or utility model prior to implementation of a compulsory license.Accurate positioning to copycat copycat culture, culture has a pivot to carry forward, sometimes we have to admire, some copycat culture or product is imitated advanced too much.
山寨文化属于一种文化新形态，主要依托在新的网络媒体上，包括手机媒体。这种媒体的传播和传统意义上的大众传播已经不一样了。传统的大众传播是单向度的，由一个源头向大众发布统一的标准或声音。但新媒体的传播是一种网络化的传播，它的内容制作源是网络化的，从这个意义上才出现所谓的非主流的、民间的、个体化、个性化的文化现象。
Copycat culture belongs to a new cultural form, mainly relying on the new Internet media, including mobile phone media.The media and the traditional sense of mass communication has not the same.The traditional mass media is one-way, from a source to the mass release of unified standard or sound.But the spread of new media is a kind of network communication, its content production source is networked, from this sense appeared the so-called non-mainstream, private, individual, personalized cultural phenomenon.
1、桑梓：家乡 2、桃李：学生 3、社稷、轩辕：国家 4、南冠：囚犯 5、同窗：同学 6、烽烟：战争 7、巾帼：妇女 8、丝竹：音乐 9、须眉：男子 10、婵娟、嫦娥：月亮 11、手足：兄弟 12、汗青：史册 13、伉俪：夫妻 14、白丁、布衣：百姓 15、伛偻，黄发：老人 16、桑麻：农事 17、提携，垂髫：小孩 18、三尺：法律 19、膝下：父母
20、华盖：运气 21、函、简、笺、鸿雁、札：书信 22、庙堂：朝廷 1、唐宋八大家：韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、王安石、曾巩 2、并称“韩柳”的是韩愈和柳宗元，他们是唐朝古文运动的倡导者。 3、一门父子三词客：苏洵（老苏）、苏轼（大苏）、苏辙（小苏）。 4、豪放派词人：苏轼、辛弃疾，并称“苏辛”；婉约派词人：李清照（女词人） 5、李杜：李白、杜甫。小李杜：李商隐、杜牧。 6、屈原：我国最早的伟大诗人，他创造了“楚辞”这一新诗体，开创了我国诗歌浪漫主义风格。 7、孔子名丘，字仲尼，春秋时鲁国人，他是儒家学派的创始人，被称为“孔圣人”，孟子被称为“亚圣”，两人并称为“孔孟”。 8、苏轼称赞王维“诗中有画，画中有诗。” 9、杜甫是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，其诗广泛深刻的反映社会现实，被称为“诗史”，杜甫也因此被尊为“诗圣”，有著名的“三吏”：《潼关吏》、《石壕吏》、《新安吏》；“三别”：《新婚别》、《垂老别》、《无家别》。 10、我国第一部纪传体通史是《史记》（又称《太史公书》），作者是汉朝的司马迁，鲁迅称《史记》为“史家之绝唱，无韵之《离骚》”，有：12本纪、30世家、70列传、10表、8书，共130篇。 11、“四史”：《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》、《三国志》。 12、元曲四大家：关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴、马致远。
中国茶文化英语演讲稿3篇 英语演讲，是指以英语为载体，针对某个话题发表自己的意见和看法，以此来影响、感染听众，达到一种宣传目的的交际活动。小编为大家整理了中国茶文化英语演讲稿3篇，欢迎大家阅读。 中国茶文化英语演讲稿篇1 The practice of drinking and serving tea has been part of China's cultural identity for centuries. China used to be the world's sole provider of tea. Today, tea is the world's most widely consumed beverage after water, and famous Chinese teas are still highly prized. Tea experts estimate that top-quality Longjing will sell for 40,000 to 50,000 yuan per 500 grams this year, about 25 percent higher than last year. The price of common Longjing will be around 4,000 yuan per 500 grams this year. Though quality tea is highly pursued at home, it seems that it has not secured a strong position in the global market. Li Shiwei is the board chairman of Tianfu Group, a flagship tea enterprise based in Fujian Province, a major production region of oolong tea in China. He says a major problem for today's private tea enterprises is that they do not have enough money to operate on a large scale, let alone undertake promotions overseas.
十二属相 中国民间有一个传统习俗，人一出生，就有一种动物做他的属相。属相，也叫“生肖”，是中国民间传统的纪年和计算年龄的方法。 中国古代的纪年法是帝王年号与“干支”并用，其中“干支纪年法”从史书上有明文记载的公元前841年（庚申年），一直沿用到现在。“干”是“天干”，有十个字组成，这十个字是：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸。“支”是“地支”，由十二个字组成，这十二个字是：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥。把天干的十个字和地支的十二个字按顺序配合起来，可以得到60种排列，如：甲子、乙丑、丙寅……这60种排列周而复始，循环使用，每六十年叫做“一个甲子”。如公历的2001年，是农历的辛巳年，公历的2002年，是农历的壬午年；而六十年后，2061年又是辛巳年，2062年又是壬午年。从东汉（25——220）时开始，人们又用鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪12种动物来配十二地支，组成了十二生肖，也叫十二属相。这就是子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪。这样，子年是鼠年，丑年是牛年，寅年是虎年……于是，每个人一出生，就有一种动物作他的属相。子年出生的属鼠，丑年出生的属牛，寅年出生的属虎，以此类推。 现在，中国人在用公历纪年和计算年龄的同时，仍然习惯用属相纪年和推算年龄。
twelve symbolic animals it is traditional in China,when a perpon is born,one animal(shuxiang)is used to symbolize this year.Shuxiang,also called shengxiao(any ofthe 12 animals representing the Earthly Branches),is a traditional way in China to number the years and to record a person's age. The ancient Chinese people invented the method to designate the years by the Heavenly Stems consist of the characters:jia,yi,bing,ding,wu,ji,geng,xin,ren,and gui.And the Earthly Branches are composed of 12 characters:zi,shu,yin,mao,chen,si,wu,wei,shen,you,xu,https://www.doczj.com/doc/da10703040.html,bining each of the 10 Heavenly Stems with one of the 12 Earthly Branches in sequence creates 60 chronological symbols.For example jiazi,yichou,bingyin,etc.These 60 symbols are used in circles and thus each year has a chronological symbol.For example,2001 corresponds to xinsi,2002 to renwu in the lunar calendar;after 60 years,2061,once again,corresponds to xinsi,and 2062,to https://www.doczj.com/doc/da10703040.html,ter,people used 12 animalsto correspond to the 12 Earthly Branches,forming the 12Symbolic Animals,namely Earthly Branch One Rat,Earthly Branch Two Ox,Earthly Branch Three Tiger,Earthly Branch Four Rabbit,Earthly Branch Five Dragon,Earthly Branch Six Snake,Earthly Branch Seven Horse,Earthly Branch Eight Sheep,Earthly Branch Nine Monkey,Earthly Branch Ten Rooster,Earthly Branch Eleven Dog,Earthly Branch Twelve Pig.Thus the zi year is the Year of the Rat,and the chou Year is the year of the Ox,and the yin Year is the Year of the Year of Tiger,etc.Therefore,when a person is born,he has an animal as his aymbolic animal.The year 2002 was a renwu year under lunar calendar,also the year of Horse,and so children born in this yea are all Horse babies. Even though the Chinese people now number the years and their age under the Gregorian calendar,the still continue to use the symbolic animals.As long as people know a person' probable age and his symbolic animao,people can infer his exact age and year of birth.
Western students enjoy a seemingly relaxed educational experience. This, however, is not the case for students in Asia, who face crushing workloads and are often very disciplined. In the first part of her Globalist. The decision is partly based on an inability —or unwillingness —to spend thousands of dollars in tuition fees, especially given the suspicion that local schools are better anyway. After all, what more could one want from a basic education than a strong grounding in language, math and science, all subjects in which Asian schools famously excel. Our main concern is the ability of our son —and indeed the whole family — to adapt to the strict diligence that is expected of the Chinese. Apprehension increases when talking to local friends. China has a long history of standardized tests, beginning with the ancient imperial exams initiated during the Sui Dynasty.Shelly Chen is at the top of the class at the Shanghai foreign language school, one of the city’s best middle schools. Already near fluent in English, she is studying German and ranks among the highest in her grade
高考常考中国古代文化常识大全 一、文化常识 1、初唐四杰：王勃、杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王。 2、三国：魏、蜀、吴。 3、四大古典名着：《红楼梦》、《三国演义》、《水浒》、《西游记》。 4、四大民间 传说：《牛郎织女》、《梁山伯与祝英台》、《孟姜女》、《白蛇传》。5、世界四 大短篇小说巨匠：契诃夫、莫泊桑、马克吐温、欧亨利。6、苏轼的散文代表 北宋散文的最高成就，其诗与黄庭坚并称苏黄。7、马致远的散曲代表作《天 净沙秋思》，被誉为秋思之祖。8、曹雪芹披阅十载，增删五次创作了我国古 典小说中最伟大的现实主义作品《红楼梦》（又称《石头记》），它问世后就广 为流传，深受人们喜爱，还出现了专门研究该书的一门学问红学，红学现已 成为世界文学研究中的重要课题。9、鲁迅是中国现代文学的奠基人，陈毅被 称为元帅诗人；臧克家因诗作多为农村题材，有泥土诗人之称；田间被闻一 多誉为时代的鼓手（擂鼓诗人）。10、岁寒三友：松、竹、梅。11、花中四君子：梅、兰、竹、菊。12、文人四友：琴、棋、书、画。13、文房四宝：笔、墨、纸、砚。14、四库全书：经、史、子、集。15、《诗经》六义指：风、雅、颂（分类）、赋、比、兴（表现手法）。16、唐诗、宋词、元曲、明清小说。17、桂冠、鳌头、榜首、问鼎、夺魁：第一。18、三纲五常：三纲：父为子纲、君为臣纲、夫为妻纲；五常：仁、义、礼、智、信。19、四书五经是儒 家的主要经典：四书即《论语》《孟子》《中庸》《大学》；五经指《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》。20、三皇：天皇、地皇、人皇或伏羲、女娲、神农；五帝：黄帝、颛顼、帝喾、唐尧、虞舜。21、五金：金、银、铜、铁、锡。 22、五味：酸、甜、苦、辣、咸。23、五行：金、木、水、火、土。24、永 字八法是说永字具有：点、横、竖、撇、捺、折、钩、提八种笔画。25、古
1、在下列餐具中，哪一项在吃西餐中不需要用到的是A．chopsticks（筷子）B．spoon（勺子）C．knife（刀）D．fork（叉子） 2、Halloween（万圣节）是哪一天？ A．10月1日B．12月25日C．10月31日D．1月20日 在每年的11月1日是西方的万圣节。10月31日是万圣节前夕。通常叫做万圣节前夜（万圣夜）。每当万圣夜到来，孩子们都会迫不及待地穿上五颜六色的化妆服，戴上千奇百怪的面具，提着一盏“杰克灯”走家窜户，向大人们索要节日的礼物。万圣节最广为人知的象征也正是这两样——奇异的“杰克灯”和“不给糖就捣乱trick or treat”的恶作剧。华语地区常将万圣夜（Halloween）误称为万圣节。 3、Thanksgiving Day（感恩节）是哪一天？ A．11月的第一个星期四B．11月的第二个星期四 C．11月的第三个星期四D．11月的第四个星期四 感恩节（Thanksgiving Day），美国和加拿大节日，在每年11月的第四个星期四,由美国首创的，原意是为了感谢印第安人，后来人们常在这一天感谢他人。在这一天起将休假两天，都要和自己的家人团聚，感恩节是美国国定假日中最地道、最美国式的节日. Mother’s Day is the second Sunday in May.母亲节在五月份第二个星期天Father’s Day is the third Sunday in June.父亲节在六月份第三个星期天 4.中号衣服的标志是？ A. S B.L C. M D. Y
L大— Large M中— Medium S小— Small 5、我们每天____上学，____放学。我们热爱我们伟大的祖国_____ 。 A . am, pm, USA B . am, pm, PRC C . pm, am, UK D . pm, am, PRC (PRC中华人民共和国) 6.He is a fat cat（引申义）. 他是一个大亨 7.英语字母中的大写形式有三笔完成，小写形式由两笔完成的是__和__ A. E, N B . F, I C . H, F D. F, X 8. 选出既能表示水果，又是颜色的单词 A. Red B. orange C. peach D. banana 9．An English woman will not glad when you ask her about ___？英国女人不喜欢别人问她的年龄A.her name B. her age C. her home D. her child 10. UFO的意思是？ A. 贵宾 B.不明飞行物 C. 人民币 D. 英国广播公司 11. VIP的意思是？ A. 贵宾 B. 不明飞行物 C. 人名币 D. 英国广播公司12. China有中国的意思;而china有___的意思 A. 中国人 B. 汉族 C.瓷器 D. 名族 13.what letter is a drink？哪个字母的读音可以理解为一种饮料？ A. B B. V C.T(音同tea 茶) D. G 14. 生活中，我们经常能用到一些英文字母，如在医院中有 检查，书店中有《阿正传》，在家中我们看节目。
中国茶文化英文介绍 The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of "savoring." "Savoring tea" is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring tea. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves. China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one’s hunger. 参考译文： 中国人饮茶，注重一个"品"字。"品茶"不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦 益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。 品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、 干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室， 让人们小憩，意趣盎然。 中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不可少的。当有客来访，可征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客 人饮茶时，要注意客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添
中国古代文化常识之——天文历法 作文辅导 1207 0018 ： 【星宿】宿(xiu)，古代把星座称作星宿。《范进中举》：“如今却做了老爷，就是天上的星宿。”“天上的星宿是打不得的。”古人认为人间有功名的人是天上星宿降生的，这是迷信说法。 【二十八宿】又叫二十八舍或二十八星，是古人为观测日、月、五星运行而划分的二十八个星区，用来说明日、月、五星运行所到的位置。每宿包含若干颗恒星。二十八宿的名称，自西向东排列为：东方苍龙七宿(角、亢kang、氐di、房、心、尾、箕)；北方玄武七宿(斗、牛、女、虚、危、室、壁)；西方白虎七宿(奎、娄、胃、昴mao、毕、觜zT、参shen)；南方朱雀七宿(井、鬼、柳、星、张、翼、轸zhen)。唐代温庭筠的《太液池歌》：“夜深银汉通柏梁，二十八宿朝玉堂。”夸饰地描写星光灿烂、照耀宫阙殿堂的景象。王勃《滕王阁序》：“物华天宝，龙光射斗牛之墟。”是说物产华美有天然的珍宝，龙泉剑光直射斗宿、牛宿的星区。刘禹锡诗：“鼙鼓夜闻惊朔雁，旌旗晓动拂参星。”形容雄兵出师惊天动地的场面，参星即参宿。 【四象】参见“二十八宿”条。古人把东、北、西、南四方每一方的七宿想象为四种动物形象，叫作四象。东方七宿如同飞舞在春天夏初夜空的巨龙，故而称为东官苍龙；北方七宿似蛇、龟出现在夏天秋初的夜空，故而称为北官玄武；西方七宿犹猛虎跃出深秋初冬的夜空，故而称为西官白虎；南方七宿像一展翅飞翔的朱雀，出现在寒冬早春的夜空，故而称为南官朱雀。 【分野】古代占星家为了用天象变化来占卜人间的吉凶祸福，将天上星空区域与地上的国州互相对应，称作分野。具体说就是把某星宿当作某封国的分野，某星宿当作某州的分野，或反过来把某国当作某星宿的分野，某州当作某星宿的分野。如王勃《滕王阁序》：“豫章故郡，洪都新府。星分翼轸，地接衡庐。”是说江西南昌地处翼宿、轸宿分野之内。李白《蜀道难》：“扪参历井仰胁息，以手抚膺坐长叹。”参宿是益州(今四川)的分野，井宿是雍州(今陕西、甘肃大部)的分野，蜀道跨益、雍二州。扪参历井是说入蜀之路在益、雍两州极高的山上，人们要仰着头摸着天上的星宿才能过去。 二十八宿与国分野如下 星宿角亢氐房心尾箕斗牛女虚危室壁奎娄胃昴毕觜参井鬼柳星张翼轸 国郑宋燕越吴齐卫鲁魏赵秦周楚 星宿角亢氐房心尾箕斗牛女虚危室壁奎娄胃昴毕觜参井鬼柳星张翼轸 州兖州豫州幽州江湖扬州青州并州徐州冀州益州雍州三河荆州 【昴宿】西方白虎七宿的第四宿，由七颗星组成，又称旄头(旗头的意思)。唐代李贺诗“秋静见旄头”，旄头指昴宿。唐代卫象诗“辽东老将鬓有
中国龙 对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼，蛇，马，牛等动物与云雾，雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞，开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。 Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or Loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion. 饺子 饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统特色食品。相传为古代医圣仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括：1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有"好吃不过饺子"的俗语。中国人接亲待友。逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，"更岁交子"吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的容。 Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people's favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint-Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, freshen and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There's an old saying that claims, "Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings." During the Spring Festival and other holidays or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the New Year. 针灸 针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是"病外治"。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位。以达到刺激经络，治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今病传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外赞誉为中国的"新四大国粹"。 Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the "main and collateral channels" theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body's yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that "internal diseases are to b e treated with external therapy"/ the main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient's body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient's acupoints so as to stimulate the channels
第一章天文 1、五星：太白（金星）、岁星（木星）、辰星（水星）、荧惑（火星）、镇星（土星） 2、古人认为各种自然现象都有它的主持者，人们将它们人格化，并赋予一定的名字，例如：风师飞廉、雨师屏翳、云师丰隆、日御羲和、月御望舒 3、七政（七曜）：日、月、金、木、水、火、土 4、五纬：金、木、水、火、土 ①金星：古曰明星，又名太白，因其光色银白。金星黎明见于东方叫启明，黄昏见于西方叫长庚 ②木星：古曰岁星，迳称为岁。古人认为岁星十二年绕天一周 ③水星：一名辰星，并不是指行星中的水星，而是指恒星中的定星（营室）④火星：古名荧惑，指恒星中的大火（心宿）⑤土星：古名镇星或填星 5、二十八星宿：古人先后选择了黄道赤道附近的二十八个星宿作为“坐标”，分别是： 东方苍龙七宿角亢氐房心尾箕北方玄武七宿斗牛女虚危室壁西方白虎七宿奎娄胃昴毕觜参南方朱雀七宿井鬼柳星张翼轸 6、四象：东方苍龙、北方玄武（龟蛇）、西方白虎、南方朱雀 7、有关天象的词： “月离于毕”：月亮附丽于毕宿“荧惑守心”：火星居于心宿“太白食昴”：金星遮蔽住昴宿 8、参商：指参宿和心宿，后世把兄弟不和睦比喻为参辰或参商。又因参宿居于西方，心宿居于东方，出没两不相见，所以后世把亲朋久别不能重逢也比喻为参商 9、三垣：紫微垣、太微垣、天市垣 古人在黄河流域常见的北天上空，以北极星为标准，集合周围其他各星，合为一区，名曰紫微垣。在紫微垣外，在星张翼轸以北的星区是太微垣；在房心尾箕斗以北的星区是天市垣10、北斗：天枢、天璇、天玑、天权、玉衡、开阳、瑶光。前四组成斗身，古曰魁；后三组成斗柄，古曰杓。北斗七星属于大熊座 北斗定季节：斗柄指东，天下皆春；斗柄指南，天下皆夏；斗柄指西，天下皆秋；斗柄指北，天下皆冬
一、饮食文化 1、西餐礼仪 the knife is on the right . 刀放置于右边 the fork is on the left. 叉置于左边 The spoon is beside the knife. 勺子置于刀的旁边 The plate is in the middle.盘子放在中间 2、饭后甜点dessert 的介绍 It’s something sweet, like pudding, fruit or ice-cream…饭后吃一些甜食，比如布丁、水果、冰激凌等等 3、Traditional Chinese food中国传统食品 sweet dumplings汤圆zongzi粽子mooncake月饼dumplings饺子 二、节日文化 1、Women’s Day妇女节 2、Children’s Day儿童节 3、Christmas 圣诞节 Merry Christmas圣诞快乐 Father Christmas圣诞老人 Christmas Tree 圣诞树turkey火鸡gifts礼物 4、西方节日 Mother’s Day is the second Sunday in May.母亲节在五月份第二个星期天 Father’s Day is the third Sunday in June.父亲节在六月份第三个星期天 In America Thanksgiving Day is the fourth Thursday in November. 在美国，感恩节在十一月份的第四个星期四 In Canada Thanksgiving Day is the second Monday in October. 在加拿大，感恩节在十月份的第二个星期一 三、生活常识及日常标志的认识 1、出口、入口和卫生间标志： entrance入口exit出口women’s女卫生间men’s男卫生间 2、不同国家的紧急求救号码emergency number 3、水零度结冰膨胀 When water gets to 0 degrees, it becomes ice. 当温度达到0摄氏度时，水会结冰。 When water freezes, it expands, or gets bigger. If you want to freeze a bottle of water, leave some room for the ice to expand. 当水结冰了，它会膨胀变大。如果你要冷藏一杯水，要留足够的空间让它膨胀。 4、鲸鱼的介绍
高考英语传统文化相 关知识点
近几年，高考英语更重视考查学生阅读能力、跨文化交际能力和思维能力。掌握一些传统文化名词和背诵一些传统文化方面的范文，对提高听力、阅读理解、作文成绩有着很大的帮助! 一. 100个中国传统文化名词1.元宵节: Lantern Festival 2.刺绣：Embroidery 3.重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 4.清明节：Tomb Sweeping Day 5.剪纸：Paper Cutting 6.书法： Calligraphy 7.对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets 8.象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9.雄黄酒：Realgar Wine 10.四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11.战国：Warring States 12.风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13.昆曲：Kunqu Opera 14.长城：The Great Wall 15.集体舞：Group Dance 16.黄土高原：Loess Plateau 17.红臼喜事：Weddings and Funerals 18.中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 19.花鼓戏：Flower Drum Song 20.儒家文化：Confucian Culture 21.中国结：Chinese knotting
22.古装片：Costume Drama 23.武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 24.元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25.越剧：Yue Opera 26.火锅：Hot Pot 27.江南：South Regions of the Yangtze River 28.《诗经》：The Book of Songs 29.谜语：Riddle 30.《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31.《红楼梦》：A Dream of Red Mansions 32.《西游记》：The Journey to the West 33.除夕：Chinese New Year's Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34.针灸：Acupuncture 35.唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36.二人转 : Errenzhuan 37.偏旁 :Radical 38.孟子：Mencius 39.亭/阁：Pavilion/Attic 40.黄梅戏 :Huangmei Opera 41.火药：Gunpowder 42.农历：Lunar Calendar 43.印/玺：Seal/Stamp 44.腊八节：The laba Rice Porridge Festival
1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣：embroidery 3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting 6. 书法：Calligraphy 7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets 8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11. 战国：Warring States 12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department 15. 集体舞：Group Dance 16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals 18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate 20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 21. 附属学校：Affiliated school 22. 古装片：Costume Drama 23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems 26. 火锅：Hot Pot
中国古代文化常识之服饰代称 古代的服饰以其鲜明的特性，显示了穿着者的贵贱尊卑或性别职业，因而不同特点的服饰就成了不同社会地位人的代称，有的甚至沿用至今。 1、黔首：黔，黑色。黔首，即以黑巾裹头，代指平民，具体而言指本业为农业与小手工业，末业为小商贾等各种不事生产的人。战国时期，黔首之称已经广泛使用，《吕氏春秋》中《执一》、《振乱》、《怀宠》和《战国策·魏策》、《韩非子·忠孝》、李斯《谏逐客书》、《礼记·祭义》等均曾出现。它的含义与当时常见的“民”、“庶民”同。秦统一天下后，秦始皇自以为得水德，衣服旄旌节旗皆尚黑。《史记·秦始皇本纪》记载，秦始皇二十六年（前221）下诏令谓民为“黔首”，这是秦统一中国后更定名物制度的内容之一。秦始皇三十一年，发布“使黔首自实田”的律令。占有土地的地主和自耕农，按照当时实际占有的田数，向封建政府呈报，即可取得国家的承认。从此，“黔首”一词便伴随着这套封建土地制度和法令就在全国范围内施行而成为固定称谓。 2、白丁：古代平民着白衣，所以常以“白丁”称呼平民百姓。刘禹锡《陋室铭》：“谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁。”中的“白丁”可引申为没有学识的人。 3、白袍：旧指未得功名的士人。唐士子未仕者服白袍，故以为入试士子的代称。唐李肇《唐国史补》卷下：“或有朝客讥宋济曰：‘近日白袍子何太纷纷？’济曰：‘盖由绯袍子、紫袍子纷纷化使然也。’”宋洪迈《容斋三笔·叶晦叔诗》：“一闲十日岂天赐？惭愧纷纷白袍子。”宋苏轼《催试官考较戏作》诗：“愿君闻此添蜡烛，门外白袍如立鹄。”宋叶适《叶路分居思堂》诗：“白袍虽屡捷，黄榜未沾恩。” 4、布衣：麻布衣服，借指平民。古代平民不能衣锦绣，多穿布衣。汉·桓宽《盐铁论·散不足》：“古者庶人耋老而后衣丝，其馀则麻枲而已，故命曰布衣。”诸葛亮《出师表》：“臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。”布衣之交，即指贫贱之交。 5、袍泽：“袍”和“泽”都是古代衣服的名称。《诗经·无衣》：“岂曰无衣？与子同袍”、“岂曰无衣？与子同泽”在这里用来形容战士们互相友爱、同心同德的品质，因此“袍泽”就成了将士、战友的代名词。 6、青衿：亦作“青襟”，周代读书人常穿的服装，泛指有学识的人。曹操《短歌行》：“青青子衿，悠悠我心”。杜甫《题衡山县新学堂呈陆宰》诗：“金甲相排荡，青衿一憔悴。”明清科举时代则专指秀才。 7、苍头：原指战国时主人战旗下的军队，多以乡党的青年组成，因以青巾裹头，故名。《战国策·魏策一》：“今窃闻大王之卒，武力二十余万，苍头二千万。”《史记·项羽本纪》：“少年欲立婴，使为王，异军苍头特起。”裴骃集解引应劭曰：“苍头特起，言与众异也。苍头，谓士卒皁巾，若赤眉、青领，以相别也。”至汉代，战事减少，逐渐沦为奴隶，操持贵族邸宅的杂务。遭逢战乱，仍不失主人近侍军队的性质。魏晋以后，则纯为私家奴仆。《汉书·霍光传》：“（霍）云当朝请，数称病私出，多从宾客：张围猎黄山苑中，使苍头奴上朝谒，莫敢谴者。”《晋书.石崇传》：“有司薄阅崇水碓三十余区，苍头八百余人，他珍宝货贿称是。”《明会要·民政三》：“景泰中，杨杰上言：‘臣家苍头得官者十六人，乞停苍头杨钊等职。’诏许之。” 8、黄裳：黄色表示尊贵，穿黄裳意味着臣居尊位，因而黄裳成了将做君主的太子的别称。卢照邻《中和乐·歌储宫》：“黄裳元吉，邦家以宁。” 9、黄冠：古代指箬帽之类，蜡祭时戴之。《礼记·郊特牲》：“黄衣黄冠而祭，息田夫也。野夫黄冠；黄冠，草服也。”郑玄注：“言祭以息民，服像其时物之色，季秋而草木黄落。”孔颖达疏：“黄冠是季秋之后草色之服。”后即借指农夫野老之服。东汉末年，张角创立太平道，信奉