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参考答案(英语)
参考答案(英语)

安徽省六校教育研究会2012届高三测试

英语试题

注意事项:

1.本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。

2.答题前,请考生务必将答题卷左侧密封线内的项目填写清楚。请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂写在答题卷上,在试题卷上作答无效。

第I卷

第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)

请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。在听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. When is Bob’s birthday?

A. January 14.

B. January 5.

C. January 23.

2. Why doesn’t the man eat his cake?

A. He wants to save it.

B. He has a toothache.

C. He dislikes chocolate.

3. What does the man mean?

A. He agrees to give a talk on any subject.

B. He agrees to give a talk on England.

C. He refuses to give a talk.

4. Where is the man going now?

A. To a restaurant.

B. To the editor’s office.

C. To his own office.

5. Who spoke to Helen?

A. Her teacher.

B. Her husband.

C. Her boss.

第二节(共15小题;第小题1.5分,满分22.5分)

请听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。在听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,每个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6至8题。

6. How long haven’t they seen each other?

A. For a few months.

B. For about one year.

C. for a few years.

7. Who broke the leg?

A. The man’s son.

B. The man.

C. The man’s wife.

8. What is his wife doing on Monday nights?

A. Taking care of their son.

B. Studying at a school.

C. Teaching at a school.

听第7段材料,回答第9至11题。

9. What’s the main topic of this conversation?

A. Anxiety.

B. Truth.

C. Time.

10. Why is Mark worried?

A. He failed in his last text.

B. His exams will start soon.

C. He missed his medical checkup.

11. Why does Mark turn to Ann for help?

A. Ann is Mark’s elder sister.

B. She had a similar experience.

C. She works on health services.

听第8段材料,回答第12至14题。

12. How was the man’s last job interview?

A. Desirable.

B. Unsuccessful.

C. Ridiculous.

13. What kind of person is the company going to hire?

A. An energetic university graduate.

B. A manager full of experience.

C. A salesman who can drive a car.

14. How does the man feel about the job after studying the ad.?

A. Doubtful.

B. Confident.

C. Interested.

听第9段材料,回答第15至17题。

15. What is the woman afraid of when she takes her trips?

A. Taking a voyage.

B. Taking a train.

C. Taking a flight.

16. How can you infer the man prefers to travel?

A. By train.

B. By plane.

C. By ship.

17. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?

A. Husband and wife.

B. Teacher and student.

C. Friends.

听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。

18. When was Mike absent from the camp?

A. At the beginning of the third week.

B. On the second day of the third week.

C. One day in the fourth week.

19. Why was Mike absent from the camp?

A. He was ill.

B. He felt lonely.

C. He missed his parents.

20. How did other children treat Mike when he came back?

A. They welcomed him.

B. They were all silent.

C. They sang loudly.

第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)

第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

21. Compared to the older generation, young migrant workers have less _____ for the countryside

and farmlands.

A. sense

B. feeling

C. emotion

D. affection

22. She was a rich woman and she looked _____.

A. so

B. this

C. it

D. one

23. In China, the drafting of technical standards for school buses is ______.

A. in the way

B. on the way

C. under way

D. by the way

24. The US has put pressure on the yuan, ________ China argued that the RMB exchange rate is

reasonable and balanced.

A. as

B. while

C. when

D. which

25. People seldom realize the voice needs looking after. Many people over 65 are left ____ much

older than they are.

A. sounded

B. sounding

C. to sound

D. to be sounded

26. ? What does the shop sell?

? Paintings, books, cameras – ________, they sell it.

A. you name it

B. I mean it

C. don’t worry

D. it’s a shame

27. ? How about starting work tomorrow?

? Sorry, but I can’t possibly start until Tuesday. ______?

A. Will that be OK

B. Is that a good idea

C. Do you think I’m right

D. Can’t you agree with me

28. If he continues to ignore his disease, one day he’ll come to the point _____ he can’t walk by

himself.

A. that

B. when

C. where

D. what

29. ? May I introduce my friend to you, Jessica?

? ________.

A. You’re right

B. By all means

C. It’s my pleasure

D. Nice to meet you

30. ?I’ll _____ the steak. What are you having, Linda?

? Anything’s all right with me.

A. apply for

B. wait for

C. make for

D. go for

31. After much effort, I eventually persuaded him to take my advice that he _____ immediately.

A. be operated on

B. was operated on

C. operate on

D. should operate on

32. Can’t you see east of the two buildings _______ an old tall tower.

A. stand

B. is standing

C. stands

D. are standing

33. Encouraged greatly, the young man tried ______ with the intention of setting up his own

business.

A. as twice hard

B. twice as hard

C. twice as harder

D. harder twice

34. Much to my surprise, the trapped girl _____ stay alive in the ruins for up to seven days with

nothing to eat or drink.

A. may

B. should

C. can

D. must

35. The architects who would ______ sit idle in Manhattan are double booked in Shanghai for its

booming economy.

A. otherwise

B. somehow

C. anyhow

D. somewhat

第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项A、B、C、D中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I made a promise to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a(an) 36 husband and father. Totally loving. No ifs, ands or buts.

The 37 had come to me as I listened to a talk on my car radio. The 38 was quoting Biblical passage about husbands and their wives. Then he went on to say, “Love is an 39 of will. A person can choose to love.” To myself, I had to 40 that I had been a selfish husband. Well, for two weeks that would 41 .

And it did. 42 from the moment I kissed Evelyn at the door and said, “That new yellow sweater looks 43 on you.”

“Oh, Tom, you noticed,”she said, 44 and pleased. Maybe a little puzzled. 45 the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Evelyn 46 a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, 47 then I thought she wanted to be alone with me.” We walked on the beach while the 48 flew their kites.

So it went. Two weeks of not calling the firm where I am a director. We visited the shell museum 49 I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, that’s how the whole 50 passed. I made a new promise to keep on remembering to choose love.

There was one thing that went 51 with my experiment, however. Evelyn and I still laugh about it today. On the last night at our cottage, preparing for 52 , Evelyn stared at me.

“What’s the matter?” I asked her.

“Tom,” she said in a(an) 53 voice, “do you know something I don’t?”

“What do you mean?”

“Well… that 54 I had several weeks ago … our doctor … did he tell you something about me? Am I dying?”

It took a moment for it all to be understood. Then I burst into 55 .

“No, honey,” I said, wrapping her in my arms. “You’re not dying; I’m just starting to live.”

36. A. easy-going B. out-going C. loving D. convincing

37. A. plan B. idea C. decision D. hope

38. A. speaker B. driver C. listener D. passenger

39. A. act B. result C. start D. process

40. A. agree B. insist C. assure D. admit

41. A. remain B. change C. respond D. continue

42. A. specially B. especially C. right D. straight

43. A. common B. unusual C. ugly D. great

44. A. surprised B. astonished C. disappointed D. discouraged

45. A. Before B. During C. After D. For

46. A. suggested B. advised C. denied D. delayed

47. A. otherwise B. but C. yet D. so

48. A. neighbors B. guests C. children D. employees

49. A. when B. unless C. because D. though

50. A. plan B. vocation C. business D. week

51. A. smooth B. bad C. wrong D. well

52. A. bed B. light C. clothes D. food

53. A. loud B. excited C. sad D. doubtful

54. A. makeup B. checkup C. buildup D. cutup

55. A. tears B. cheers C. anger D. laughter

第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Bobby was sitting out in his back yard in the snow. The thin sneakers he wore had a few holes

in them. Try as he might, he could not come up with an idea for his mother’s Christmas gift.

Ever since his father had passed away three years ago, his mother worked nights at the hospital, but the small wage could only be stretched so far.

What the family lacked in money and material things, they more than made up for in love and family unity. They ran the household in their mother’s absence. All three of his sisters had already made beautiful gifts for their mother.

It was Christmas Eve already, and he had nothing. Bobby started to walk down to the street. He walked from shop to shop. Everything seemed so beautiful and so out of reach. It was starting to get dark, then suddenly his eyes caught a shiny dime. Never has anyone felt so wealthy as Bobby did at that moment.

He went inside a flower shop. When the owner asked if he could help him, Bobby presented the dime and asked if he could buy one flower. The shop owner looked at Bobby, then said, “You just wait here and I’ll see what I can do for you.”

The shop owner returned holding red roses all tied together with a big silver bow. Bobby’s heart sank as the owner placed them gently into a long white box. “That will be ten cents, young man,” said the shop owner, reaching out his hand for the dime. Slowly, Bobby moved his hand to give the man his dime.

Then the shopkeeper’s wife appeared. “Where are the roses you were fixing?”

The shop owner replied, “A strange thing happened to me this morning. I thought I heard a voice telling me to set aside a dozen of my best roses for a special gift. I wasn’t sure at the time whether I had lost my mind or what, but I set them aside anyway. When I saw that little boy tonight,

I knew who that voice was.”

56. According to the first three paragraphs we know that _____.

A. Bobby’s sisters didn’t help Bobby to buy a gift

B. Bobby had known what gift he’d give to his mother

C. the children in the family all loved their mother

D. Bobby’s family was rich before his father died

57. Why did Bobby walk along the street?

A. Because he didn’t know what to do.

B. Because he wanted to try his luck there.

C. Because he wanted to get some money.

D. Because he hoped to see what he could get.

58. What could he buy with a dime then?

A. A flower.

B. Nothing.

C. A piece of cake.

D. Many flowers.

59. Bobby slowly gave the dime to the shop owner because _______.

A. he did not want any rose flowers

B. the flowers weren’t worth a dime

C. the shop owner would cheat him

D. he hardly believed what had happened

60. From the last two paragraphs we can infer that the shop owner ______.

A. was shocked by the voice he heard

B. was always ready to help others

C. didn’t know how to run a business

D. was good at making up stories

B

Many people have heard stories of the California gold rush during the 19th century, when lots of people went there in search for gold. Panning (淘洗) for gold has a rich and interesting history. Nowadays some people continue to pan for gold in California. Although it cannot be regarded as a

method for earning income, taking on gold-panning as a hobby can give you a feeling of being in the old west and get you out into nature.

The only tool that is required to pan for gold is a gold pan. You can use a regular old flat pan, but “officially” gold pans are quite cheap so you may as well buy one that is made for the task. Most sold pans come in either plastic or medal.

Once you have your pan you will want to start practicing your gold panning technique. Panning for gold works because gold is much heavier than most rocks. To pan for gold you add rock and dirt form the bottom of a stream to your pan and then gently let water flow through the pan. The lighter-weight rocks are slowly swept away while any gold will be left behind in the pan.

To start panning for gold, first you will need to find a good location. Try checking maps of your area and old history books to find location where there were gold mines in the past. Even though most of the gold have already been removed, there are likely to be small leftovers that you can find. Once you have found an area that looks promising, look for any small stream or river where you can try out panning for gold.

Panning for gold requires patience and it may be a long time before you hit anything of value. However, it is an enjoyable hobby and provides a great opportunity to get outdoors, so don’t give up too quickly.

61. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A. Where to pan for gold.

B. How gold-panning works.

C. What tools are needed.

D. A promising area for panning.

62. What is the author’s attitude toward modern gold-planning?

A. Opposed.

B. Indifferent (漠不关心的).

C. Positive.

D. Neutral (中立的).

63. In which part of a newspaper would you probably find this article?

A. Lifestyle.

B. Health.

C. Travel.

D. Sports.

C

Name: Julia Rosetti

Email: n1950215@https://www.doczj.com/doc/d011612031.html,.au

Location: Brisbane, Australia

Age: 18

Sex: Female

Drugs: No

Alcohol: No

Sports/ Activities: I used to do a lot of ballet and stage work, my ambition was to be a professional dancer before I got sick. Nowadays I love to read, and other stuff like that, as well as spending a lot of time with my family and friends.

Grades: I finished high school last year, and I haven’t started college because I’ve been sick. But I got subject prizes in three subjects and high as in the rest.

Favorite Subject: I loved Music, English, History and Biology. Hard to pick a favorite – they’re all so different.

Volunteer Work: It all depends on what you call “volunteer”. Nothing really official, but I spend a lot of my time working and playing with really sick kids, and they come to me for advice a lot.

What My Future Goals Are: I’d either like to go on to do stage work, or work with kids with serious illnesses. I haven’t decided which, yet.

What I do in My Spare Time: Talk to my friends and my family. Hang around with my hospital friends. Watch TV. Go to the movies when I can. I love going on picnics and other outdoorsy stuff. How I’d Change the World: No question. Cure cancer. Eradicate it forever.

Largest Problem: Sometimes, I think it’s having too many choices, and having too many expectations and others having too many expectations of you. And all the implications (牵连) of this.

Why Would I Make a Good Counselor (顾问): I really want to help other people. I’ve made that my life’s ambition, to help as many people as I can.

Qualifications: I spend a lot of time doing this sort of stuff “unofficially”–I am the Discussion Manager on a discussion list for seriously ill young people. People also write to me because of my homepage, often wanting advice, which I try to give them.

64. What can we infer about Julia Rosetti?

A. She is ill now with a cancer.

B. She has had an operation.

C. She is curing people of cancer.

D. She is working in a hospital.

65. The underlined word “eradicate” most probably means _____.

A. get out of

B. put an end of

C. break up

D. set aside

66. The underlined word “you” stands for _____.

A. Julia Rosetti herself

B. all her friends in her life

C. the person she refers to

D. everyone including herself

67. Which of the following statements is true about Julia Rosetti?

A. She had wanted to become a doctor.

B. She had done very well at college.

C. She often visits hospitals in her spare time.

D. She has her own homepage on the Internet.

D

Researchers found that walking around with a forced smile and fake (假的) happiness simply leads to people feeling unhappier. So, putting a brave face on your sadness could be harmful. The research also found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy.

Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can result in bad outcomes. He said, “Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional tiredness, and that’s bad for the organization.”He also said the research showed customer-service workers who had “fake smiles”throughout the day fell into a bad mood and didn’t want to work, so their productivity dropped.

The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional expressions over a period of time and compare the different effects on men and women. Dr. Scott’s team examined the effects of “surface acting”, or fake smiling, compared to “deep acting”, or making people smile by thinking of peasant memories.

Dr. Scott said, “Women were harmed more by surface acting, meaning their moods worsened even more than men’s. However, they were helped more by deep acting, which means their moods improved more by thinking of pleasant memories. ”

According to Dr. Scott, women tend to suffer more when pretending to be happy because they are expected to be more emotionally expressive than men. Therefore, forcing a smile while feeling down is more likely to go against their normal behavior and cause more harmful feelings.

Although deep acting can improve moods a little in the short term, Dr. Scott says, it’s not a

long-term solution to feeling unhappy. “There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period you start to feel unreal. You’re trying to develop positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself any more.”

68. According to the passage, Dr. Scott’s study ______.

A. is supported by some big employers in the USA

B. is meaningful as there haven’t been many similar ones

C. examined more women than men for a long time

D. aimed to make the employees more productive

69. Women suffer more from fake happiness mainly because ______.

A. they usually turn up shy in public places

B. they should be more emotionally expressive

C. they are often treated in a terrible way

D. they like thinking of pleasant memories

70. It is implied in the passage that deep acting _____.

A. doesn’t have any effect on men

B. cannot improve our moods in any case

C. harms our feelings in the long run

D. pleases people by feeling like another person

71. What is the best title for the passage?

A. Fake smiling makes people unhappy.

B. Women shouldn’t be forced to smile.

C. An important suggestion for workers.

D. Why people don’t want to work.

E

Several years ago, I had a huge falling out with one of my best friends. So huge, in fact, that now I can’t even remember what happened.

In the past nine years, I’ve seen her twice, and each time we’ve been polite but distant. And that troubles me because we were once inseparable. I’d like nothing more than to go back nine years, and continue our friendship. But how? How do you reconnect with friends you’ve lost throughout the years?

Linking to your past

The desire to reconnect with lost friends isn’t unusual. Why? Because friends link us to the past. “Friends from years ago are custodians (监护人) of our past,” says Sandy Sheehy.

Although you can share information about your past with friends you’ve met recently, you don’t have a shared history with them. So you wind up only telling them about your past, rather than sharing it with them.

But many people never try to reconnect. Women especially have trouble taking the first step. Shyness or fear that the other person doesn’t want to reconnect often stops many women. And that shouldn’t be. Your friends probably want to be in touch with you as much as you want to be in touch with them.

Searching for friends

Fortunately, finding lost friends isn’t as difficult as it once was, thanks to tools like the Internet. Our experts offer these suggestions for locating contact information:

Search Internet sites designed to locate people like https://www.doczj.com/doc/d011612031.html, and https://www.doczj.com/doc/d011612031.html,.

Contact your high school or college alumni (校友) office to request current address information.

Surf online yellow pages. Check current phone records from your friend’s hometown.

Network with other friends who might have known your friend.

Get in touch with any of her relatives, if you know where they live. If you know where she works, find the company’s website and search the directory of personnel.

72. What is the subject discussed in the passage?

A. How to make new friends.

B. How to rebuild friendship.

C. How to develop healthy friendship.

D. How to keep in touch with friends.

73. The underlined sentence “friends from years ago are custodians of our past”in Paragraph 3 means _____.

A. years ago old friends kept something for us

B. in the past old friends took care of us

C. old friends are part of our life history

D. old friends know what wrongs we did

74. What makes us unwilling to reconnect old friends?

A. Lack of money.

B. Busy time.

C. Regret and shame.

D. Fear and shyness.

75. How can we make contact with the lost friends?

A. By asking other friends of the information on your lost friends.

B. By searching your friends’ telephone number on the Net.

C. By asking the local post office about your friends’ new address.

D. By putting an advertisement in your friends’ local town.

第II卷

第四部分:写作(共两节,满分35分)

第一节阅读填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意:每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。

You probably have lists of remember and steps to follow in order to have the best pet-friendly trip. There are, however, a few things that are best left at home. Here are a few things to forget when you’re traveling with pets. Forgetting t hem will make your trip run more smoothly and more effectively.

Time

Traveling with pets will take longer and will have unexpected turns. In reality, forgetting about time means leaving impatience behind. D on’t be in a rush. Your pets will require more extra stops

than you will, and they’ll often surprise you with unpredictable delays. Plan on leaving early and arriving later and you’ll be right on time.

Anger

Getting angry at the delay will only make matters worse. Your feelings can add unnecessary stress es to you and your pets’ travel experience. If you feel yourself becoming out of control, stop and take a deep breath. Your pets have little control over their emotions, bowel movements, or motion sickness when traveling. Remember to be kind and understanding at all times, especially when under pressure.

Work Attitude

This may seem like a no-brainer, but when you are traveling, leave your work attitude behind. Traveling is not a task to be accomplished; it can be an enjoyable and memorable experience for both you and your pets as long as you have the right attitude.

Control

Part of the joy of traveling with pets is dealing with the unexpected. You can’t control everything and trying to do so will only end in frustration (挫败) and anger. Knowing that things will happen beyond your control will bring great relief to you and your pets. Messes happen; accidents happen. Once you accept that, traveling with your pets will be far easier to manage.

Selfishness

Traveling with pets often requires an extreme amount of selflessness. Your pets rely on you to take care of their needs, and sometimes you will need to put their needs before your own. Leave your selfish ambitions behind when traveling with your pets. They need your attention and care more than anything else because of the stresses and strains of traveling.

Traveling with pets can and will be a joy if you remember to leave these five items behind. It can be difficult at times to handle, but the traveling will go well if you can manage to do so.

第二节书面表达(满分25分)

假如你们班在进行主题为“My Favorite Club”的班会活动,现在请你根据以下信息,写一篇发言稿,向全班介绍你和几位同学创办的English Learning Club,吸引更多同学参与活动。

1、目的:激发同学们英语学习兴趣,使英语学习更加有趣轻松。

2、活动时间:周五下午第二节课后

3、活动内容:欣赏英文影片、听外国文化讲座、讲英语故事、展示英语习作、交流英语学习

经验等。

注意:词数100左右;文章开头结尾已给出,不计入总词数。

Dear classmates, I’d like to introduce to you our favorite club – English Learning Club.

_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

__

That’s all. Thank you for listening.

合肥二模参考答案

21 – 35 CCBDD BABCB DBAAC

36 – 40 ACDBA 41 – 45 ACCDA 46 – 50 BADCA 51 – 55 BDBCC 56 – 60 CADBB 61 – 65 ADCCD 66 – 70 BDAAD 71 – 75 CCDBA

大学英语一级考试大纲

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四川省大学英语三级考试样题 SICHUAN COLLEGE ENGLISH SAMPLE TEST Band Three 试题册 (120分钟) 注意事项 一、请将自己的校名、姓名、学校代号、准考证号和试卷代号(A或B)分别填写在答题纸、 听写填空、翻译和作文纸上。看清试卷封面上的试卷代号,你做的是A(或B)卷,应在答题纸试卷代号一栏相应的字母A(或B)上划线。划错或不划,将被判为零分,责任由考生自负。 二、答题前请仔细读懂每一部分题目的说明要求。 三、多项选择题的答案一定要做在答题纸上。每题只能选一个答案,多选作答错处理。选定 答案后,用2B浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。其正确方法是[A][B][C][D]。 使用其他符号答题者不给分。划线的浓度一定要盖过字母底色。 四、如果要改动答案,必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案,然后再按上面的规定重新答题。 五、听力理解第三部分听写填空的答案一定要写在试卷二相应题目番号后面的空格处。一空 一词,多写无效。翻译和作文用钢笔或圆珠笔分别按要求写在试卷二的翻译纸和作文纸上。写在其它地方无效。注意保持卷面干净、整洁。 六、考试时间为120分钟。试卷做完后,请把试题册(包括试卷一和试卷二)和答题纸放在 桌上,一律不得带走。待监考人员收完所有试卷之后考生方可离开考场。 试卷一 Part 1 Listening Comprehension (15%) (20 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken twice. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example: You will hear: You will read: A)A)At the office. B)B)In the waiting room. C)C)At the airport.

2018年大学英语第一学期期末考试

2018年大学英语第一学期期末考试(A卷) Part II Reading Comprehension (30 %) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Science is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us. Its real work is slow. The scientific method , as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process that begins with a purpose or problem or question to be answered. It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine, when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time and patience. It’s the result of course, that makes the best news—not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After an experiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scientist’s colleagues, who review the work. Einstein was right when he said: “No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong.” In August 1996, NASA announced the discovery in Antarctica of a meteorite(流星)from Mars that might contain evidence of ancient life on another world. As President Clinton said that day, the possibility that life existed on Mars billions of years ago was potentially one of the great discoveries of our time. After the excitement wore down and initial papers were published, other researchers began looking at samples from the same meteorite. Some concluded that the “evidence of life”was mostly contamination from Antarctic ice or that there was nothing organic at all in the rock. Was this a failure of science, as some news reports trumpeted? No! It was a good example of the scientific method working the way it is supposed to. Scientists spend years on research, announce their findings, and these findings are examined by other scientists. That’s how we learn. Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two. It’s a process filled with disappointments and reverses, but somehow we keep moving ahead.

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