参考答案(英语)

Unit 1Active reading 1First reading Task 1CFirst reading Task 2BCCDCAReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 11.attendance2.ambitious3.productive4.resistance5.script6.acceptanceReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 21.mortgage2.deck3.surf4.(1)coastal (2) defy5.clamped6.criticized7.hauled8.precedingReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 3 BABBB BABBActive reading 2First reading TaskReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 1 1. (1)elapsed (2) cemetery2. (1)rear (2) crammed3triple4. (1)budding (2) biography5.finite6.dwellers7.invest8.skip9.inevitableReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 2 ABAAA BAAAB BAABB BAGuided writingWriting Task 11-b,2-c,3-aWriting Task 21-c,2-a,3-bUnit testPart I: Vocabulary and StructureSection A1.ingenious2.promotion3.surf4.provisiona5.Chronologically6.ambitious7.Inevitably8.skip9.impromptu10.resistance11.untimely12.defy13.permanently14.attendance15.prologue16.allot17.acceptance18.uncertainty19.productive20.humiliationSection B21.on22.out23.for24.to25.about26.in27.of28.at29.out30.underPart II: Banked Cloze31.promotion32.transition33.sidelines34.lengthy35.rear36.dwellers37.mortgage38.finite39.budding40.coastalPart III: Reading ComprehensionCBDDAUnit 2Active reading 1First reading Task 11.The parents couldn't afford to give the children expensivepresents,so they would buy presents after Christmas at a reduced price.2. Other children's parents told them that their presents were left by Santa Claus and made in the North Pole.In fact,the presentswere made in Japan and left by the parents.3.They celebrated Christmas about a week later,because at that time they could get Christmas trees,wrapping paper,decorations,andpresents more cheaply,or even for free.4.One child went into the desert with the father each time.5.They went to see the stars because the father wanted to"give" eachchild a star or planet.He said that these were their Christmas presens.6.According to the father,the stars didn't belong to anyone,sothey could be claimed by the children.7.Betelgeuse and Rigel are stars,while Venus is a planet,not a star.Venus is smaller than a star and doesn't make its own light.8.The stars last much longer than toys.The father says that whenthe toys are all broken and forgotten,the stars will still exist.First reading Task 2CReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 11.twinkle2.horizon3.deceiveyer5.descendants6.magneticReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 21.marbles2.junkbel4.mythical5.logicalReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 3B A B B A A AActive reading 2First reading Task 11.expected to be good and industrious2.developing a process of acquiring thought,reason and understanding3.regularly beaten and told off by parents and older siblings until they develop social competence,seen as being very naughty.4.trcated with great care and reverence,believed that they arein contact with the spirit world.5.seen as incompetent and irresponsible; playing not working,going to school not labouring,consumption instead of productionpetent and responsible; expected to workpetent and responsible; girls expected to work from a young age,be married and have children at 12 or 13; boys have fewerresponsibilities and get married laterFirst reading Task 2DABDCCReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 11.contact2.harsh3.consumers4.knitting5.colonies6.take exception to7.impose8.perspect ive9.interveneReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 21.continual2.dependent on3.ethnic5.outsiders6.reluctance7.externalReading in detail: Vocabulary exercises Task 3A A AB A B B ALanguage in useTask 11.The star ofthe play is a Hollywood actor.2.I couldn't refuse his offer.3.Columbus claimed America in the name of Queen Isabella.4.He touched the hot dish and burmed his fingers.5.We laughed about all the kids who believed in Santa.6.Our ideas about childhood have undergone changes over the years.7.Our view about children is that they are incompetent and dependent.8.Social anthropologists have questions about the role of childhood in the community.1.irreplaceable2.irrational3.unacceptable4.ineffcient5.inaccurate6.unlikelyTask 3The clauses that usually follow rather than are main clauses,subordinate clauses and-ing form clauses.Note: Nouns can also come after rather than.Task 41.Rather than celebrating Christmas on December 25,they waiteda week.2.Her father offered her the planet Venus,rather than traditional Christmas present.3.Venus is a planet,rather than a star.4.Rather than broken junk,they would always have their stars.5.Rather than work,a child's li fe today is characterized by play.6.Parents treat their children with leniency, rather than reasoning with them.1.core competence2.(1)imposes (2)ban3.tight-knit4.(1)knit (2 )brows5.(1)knit (2) jumper /hat6.energy consumptionTask 6在西方，做父母的非常了解受父母过度保护的孩子的弱点:这些孩子害怕冒险，缺乏决断力，缺少在现实生活中获得成功的手段; 上大学时，许多人无法较好地适应大学生活的严苛，退学是常有的事。

-I. Give the following trade abbreviations full names, and thentranslate into Chinese. (10 points) 缩写扩写并翻译，10个10分II. Filling in the Blanks with suitable words given below: (10 points)填空，10个10分（未给围自己填）III. Translate the following Chinese into English: (40 points)汉译英IV. Translate the following English into Chinese: (20 points)英译汉V. Writing: (20 points)写作————————————————————————————1.Give the following trade abbreviations full names, and thentranslate into Chinese.CIF B/L MT T/T D/PD/A I/E Co. Ltd CFR S.S.L/C FOB. S/C W.P.A. F.P.A.CIF：Cost Insurance Freight 成本加保险费、运费B/L ：提货单（bill of lading）MT：metric ton 公吨T/T：Telegraphic Transfer 电汇D/P：document against payment 付款交单D/A ：document against acceptance 承兑交单I/E ：import and export 进出口Co.Ltd.：Company LimitedC.F.R ：Cost And Freight成本加运费价S.S.：steam ship 船运L/C: Letter of Credit 信用证F.O.B：Free On Board “船上交货”\离岸价S/C ：sales contract 销售合同W.P.A.：with particular average 水渍险F.P.A.：free from particular average 平安险- . - 总结资料-.D/D：Banker's Demand Draft 票汇汇款Art. No.：article number 货号III. Translate the following Chinese into English:1.请随时向我方报告下列货物的最新价格。

《英语语法（二》练习题一一、I. Gap Filling in Subjunctive Mood. Pay attention: proper model verbs can also be used in some blanks.1.It is important that she __________(promise) to tell the truth.2.It is time that we ___________(go) to the lecture.3.But for your sincere suggestion, I _____________(make) the unforgivable mistake.4.The doctor suggested that the patient __________(stop) drinking alcohol.5.It is decided that we ___________(go) to Dalian for the coming summer holiday.6.It is essential that this project _____________(carry) out without any delay.7.I would prefer that we ____________(travel) to Mount Changbai in the near future.8.He was always arrogant as though he __________(know) everything in the world.9.It’s strange that she ___________(b e) lost in London.10.I wish I ___________(can get) rid of all my bad habits.11.God ___________(bless) you all.12.It is essential that she ___________(put) forward the proposal.13.I’d rather I ____________(be) a Chinese teacher.14.Long ____________(live) our friendship.15.If only my mother _____________(be) here with me tomorrow.16.She murmured lest she ___________(be) heard by the others.17.Suppose it ____________(be) Christmas, what would you do?18.It is highly desirable that our government ____________(cut) down the prices.19.I quickly ran away for fear that I _____________( be seen) by her.20.The teacher proposed that anybody ___________(hand) in their homework.II. Choose the Best Answer.1.It took me 10 hours to go back home. I wish I _____________(fly) to my hometown instead of taking thetrain.A. flewB. had flownC. flyD. will fly2. Doctors insisted that we ________________too much rich food.A. don’t eatB. ateC. would eatD. not eat3. On, how cute the child is! I wish she _________to me now.A. speaksB. could speakC. must speakD. should speak4. In case you __________a 20 days’ holiday, what would you do?A. hadB. haveC. have hadD. would have5. If most of your students didn’t finish their homework, I’m sure that you _________angry.A. will getB. getC. should getD. would get6. -Look! I have gained a lot of money from gambling.-While, I’d rather you ____________ last night.A. didn’t do thatB. hadn’t done thatC. don’t do thatD. haven’t done that。

英语试题及参考答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. 根据所听对话，选择正确答案。

A) Tom is going to the library.B) Tom is going to the cinema.C) Tom is going to the park.[答案] A2. 根据所听短文，回答以下问题。

Q: What is the main topic of the passage?A) The history of the city.B) The development of tourism.C) The importance of education.[答案] B二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。

Passage 1In recent years, the number of tourists visiting the city has increased significantly. This has led to a boom in the local economy and has created many new job opportunities.3. What has caused the increase in the number of tourists?A) The development of new attractions.B) The improvement of transportation.C) The increase in the city's popularity.[答案] C4. What is the result of the increase in tourists?A) A decrease in local economy.B) A boom in the local economy.C) A stagnation in the local economy.[答案] BPassage 2Education is a fundamental right and plays a crucial role in the development of society. It is essential for individuals to acquire knowledge and skills that will help them contribute to the community.5. Why is education important?A) To acquire knowledge and skills.B) To increase personal wealth.C) To gain social recognition.[答案] A6. What role does education play in society?A) It hinders social development.B) It is irrelevant to social development.C) It is crucial for social development.[答案] C三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项填入空白处。

2022-2023学年第二学期期末考试高二英语参考答案及评分标准第一部分听力（共20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分30 分）1. C2. C3. B4. A5. B6. A7. A8. C9. C 10. A11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. B第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）21. B 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. D31. A 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. C第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）36. E 37. A 38. F 39. G 40. C第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）41. C 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. D51. C 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. A第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）56. who/that 57. but 58. widely 59. is wrapped 60. working第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）How to live greenGood morning, everyone!As is known to us all, living green is very important for everyone. It can ensure our health and sustainable development. For us students, we should create a green school in order to contribute to a comfortable studying environment.Firstly, we should arrange a series of lectures related to environmental protection, thus arousing students’ awareness of establishing a green school and living a low carbon life. Secondly, we are willing to attach great importance to saving water, paper and electricity and planting trees and put them into practice. Thirdly, we must have good habits to keep every corner tidy in our school.Therefore, everyone, let’s take action immediately.Thanks for listening.第二节（满分25 分）One possible version:There was nobody around but the elderly lady.She h urr ied to him and bent down to check his injury. “God!” she gasped. “Don’t move. I’ll help you, son.” Looking at her kind face, Jack gradually lost consciousness. Having called an ambulance, the lady tended to his wounds carefully. Not until Jack came to and found himself and his belongings in an emergency room did he learn that the lady had contacted his family and quietly left. Overwhelmed by her virtue, Jack was desperate to find her. Fortunately, the rescue scene was wholly recorded by his camera. He posted the video online, requesting clues so that he could say thanks and sorry to her.To Jack’s joy, a net friend sent a message saying where the lady lived. With gifts, Jack headed forthe lady’s home. Answering the door, the lady was surprised but immediately got aware of what wa s going on. She gave Jack a hug, saying smilingly, “So glad to see you well, son.” “Sorry, I came for apologies. I behaved so rudely… and thanks for your help. Otherwise…” Jack choked, ashamed and grateful. “Treat others as you’d like to be treated. Everyt hing will change for the better. I have faith in you,” she comforted the young man affectionately. The incident dramatically transformed Jack, who became helpful, friendly and popular.评分标准：一、评分原则1. 分值及档次：本题总分为25 分，按五个档次进行评分。

英语练习部分参考答案一、词汇练习1. 根据题目所给的中文意思，填写正确的英文单词。

- 快乐：happiness- 环境：environment- 决定：decision- 机会：opportunity- 教育：education2. 根据上下文，选择正确的单词填空。

- I have a lot of ___ to do today. (things)- She is ___ about her upcoming exam. (nervous)- The ___ of the meeting is to discuss the new project. (purpose)- He has a ___ for painting. (talent)- They are ___ to the beach this weekend. (going)3. 用所给单词的正确形式填空。

- The ___ (run) is very fast.- She ___ (be) a teacher for ten years.- The children ___ (play) in the park when it started to rain.- They ___ (not watch) TV last night.二、语法练习1. 将下列句子变为一般疑问句，并给出肯定和否定回答。

- I am a student.- Are you a student? Yes, I am. No, I'm not.- She has finished her homework.- Has she finished her homework? Yes, she has. No, she hasn't.- They were at the party last night.- Were they at the party last night? Yes, they were. No, they weren't.2. 将下列句子变为被动语态。

英语阳光参考答案人教版在人教版英语教材中，"阳光"是一个重要的主题，它不仅代表着积极向上的生活态度，也象征着学习英语过程中的乐观和坚持。

以下是针对人教版英语教材中"阳光"主题的参考答案，供同学们参考。

Unit 1: The Power of Positivity在第一单元中，我们学习了积极态度的力量。

通过阅读和讨论，我们了解到积极的心态可以帮助我们更好地面对生活中的挑战。

例如，当遇到难题时，我们应该保持乐观，相信自己能够找到解决问题的方法。

Answer Key:1. The main idea of the passage is that a positive attitude can help us overcome difficulties.2. According to the text, when facing challenges, it's important to maintain an optimistic outlook.Unit 2: The Joy of Learning第二单元的主题是学习的乐趣。

通过各种活动和练习，我们发现学习英语可以是一件非常有趣的事情。

无论是通过歌曲、游戏还是故事，学习英语都充满了乐趣。

Answer Key:1. The text suggests that learning can be enjoyable through various activities.2. The author emphasizes the importance of finding joy in the learning process.Unit 3: Overcoming Obstacles在第三单元中，我们探讨了如何克服障碍。

无论是语言障碍还是其他挑战，关键在于不放弃，持续努力。

通过坚持不懈，我们可以逐步克服这些障碍。

《英语词汇学教程》参考答案(注：参考答案仅供参考。

有些题目的答案并非是唯一的)Chapter 11. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions uses different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon.2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door.(2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o‘clock.(3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting.3. (1) when it follows ‗-t‘ and ‗-d‘, it is pronounced as [id];(2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t];(3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d].4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of ―tree‖.(2)They represent the forms of the verb ―fly‖ and have a common meaning.(3)They belong to a lexical field of ‗telephone communication‘..(4)They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote variouskinds of ―looking‖.5. (a) ‗blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black) ; ‗blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in colour (the primary stress in on black); ‗greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black), ‗White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black). 0(b) black ‗board: any board which is black in colour (both words receive primary stress); black ‗bird: any bird which is black in colour (both words receive primary stress); grey ‗hound: any hound that is grey in colour (both words receive primary stress); ‗white ‗house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress).6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class words.7. (a) The ‗bull‘ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal.(b) ‗Take the bull by the horn‘ is an idiom, meaning ‗(having the courage to) deal with someoneor something directly.(c) ‗Like a bull in a china shop‘is an idiom, meaning doing something with too muchenthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone.(d) A ‗bull market‘ is one where prices rise fast because there is a lot of buying of shares inanticipation of profits.8. cup, mug, glass, tumbler, tankard, goblet, bowl, beaker, wineglass, beer glass, sherry glass They can be organized in a number of ways, for example, by the drinks the vessel is used for.Non-alcoholic: glass, tumbler, cup, mug, beaker, bowlBeer: beer glass, tankardWine: wineglass, gobletSpirits: sherry glassChapter 21.Lexeme is an abstract linguistic unit with different variants, for example, sing as against sang,sung.Morpheme is the ultimate grammatical constituent, the smallest meaningful unit of language.For example, moralizers is an English word composed of four morphemes: moral+lize+er+s.Any concrete realization of a morpheme in a given utterance is called a morph, such as cat, chair, -ing, -s, etc.Allomorphs are the alternate phonetic forms of the same morpheme, for example, [t], [d] and [id] are allomorphs of the past tense morpheme in English.2. quick-ly, down-stair-s, four-th, poison-ous, weak-en,world-wide, inter-nation-al-ly, in-ject, pro-trude3. island, surname, disclose, duckling, cranberry,reading, poets, flavourfulness, famous, subvert4.(a)[ ə](b)[ -ai]5. (1) –‗s, -s(2) -est, -s(3) –ing(4) –ed6. The connotations are as follows:(1) slang, carrying the connotation of reluctance, (2)informal, carrying the connotation that the speaker is speaking to a child, (3) beastie is used to a small animal in Scotland, carrying the connotation of disgust, (4) carrying the connotation of formalness, (5) carrying the connotation of light-heartedness.7. { -əm; ～- n; ～- n; ～-i: ～-s; ～-z; ～-iz}8. court: polysemy dart: polysemyfleet: homonymy jam: homonymypad: homonymy steep: homonymystem: homonymy stuff: polysemywatch: polysemy9. (1)—(f), (2)—(g), (3)—(c), (4)—(e), (5)—(a), (6)—(d), (7)—(b)10.(1) unpractical(2) break(3) impractical(4) rout(5) pedals(6) Route(7) razeChapter 31.The history of English can be divided into four periods: the Old, Middle, Early middle andModern English periods.In Old English period, there is a frequent use of coinages known as ‗kennings‘, which refers to vivid figurative descriptions often involving compounds. The absence of a wide-ranging vocabulary of loanwords force people to rely more on word-formation processes based on native elements. The latter period of Old English was characterized by the introduction of a number of ‗loan translations‘. Grammatical relationships in Old English were expressed by the use of inflectional endings. And Old English is believed to contain about 24,000 different lexical items.In Middle English period, English grammar and vocabulary changed greatly. In grammar, English changed from a highly inflected language to an analytic language. In vocabulary English was characterized by the loss of a large part of the Old English word-stock and the addition of thousands of words from French and Latin.In Early Modern English period, English vocabulary grew very fast through extensive borrowing and expansion of word-formation patterns. And there was a great many semantic changes, as old words acquire new meanings.Modern English is characterized with three main features of unprecedented growth of scientific vocabulary, the assertion of American English as a dominant variety of the language, and the emergence of other varieties known as ‗New Englishes‘.2.appeareth in (a) becomes appeared in (b), and dreame becomes dream. The passive weredeparted becomes the active had gone. With the change of word forms, (b) looks simple morphologically.3.barf: American slang kerchief: French mutton: Frenchcadaver: Latin goober: Kongo leviathan: Latinginseng: Chinese taffy: North American kimono: Japanesewhisky: Irish caddy: Malay sphere: Latinalgebra: Arabic giraffe: African4.t rain: meaning changed from the trailing part of a gown to a wide range of extendedmeanings.deer: meaning narrowed from ‗beast‘ or ‗animal‘ to ‗a particular kind of animal‘knight: meaning ameliorated from ‗boy, manservant’ to ‗a man in the UK who has been given an honor of knighthood‘meat: meaning narrowed down from ‗food‘ to ‗the edible flesh of animals and the edible part of fruit‘.hose: meaning extended from ‗leg covering‘ to ‗a long tube for carrying water‘.5.sell: specialized hound: specializedstarve: specialized wife: specializedloaf: specialized6.American English British EnglishFall Autumncandy sweetcorn Maizesemester termapartment flatDresser Dressing tableStreet car Tram carChapter 41. read+-i+-ness dis-+courage+-ing kind+heart+-edun-+doubt+-ed+-ly stock+room+-s pre-+pack+-age+-ed2.book: books(n.); books(v.), booking, bookedforget: forgets, forgot, forgottenshort: shortter, shortestsnap: snaps, snapping, snappedtake: takes, taking, took, takengoose: geeseheavy: heavier, heaviest3.–ish: meaning ‗having the nature of , like‘de-: meaning ‗the opposite of‘-ify: meaning ‗make, become‘-dom: means ‗the state of ‘il-(im-/in-): meaning ‗the opposite of, not‘-able: meaning ‗that can or must be‘mis-: meaning ‗wrongly or badly‘-sion(-tion):meaning ‗the state/process of‘pre-: meaning ‗prior to‘-ment: meaning ‗the action of‘re-: meaning ‗again‘under-: meaning ‗not enough‘-al: meaning ‗the process or state of‘4. a. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―Adj + N‖ structure, in which adjectivesare used to modify nouns ‗line, line, neck, room‘. Hotline means ‗a telephone number that people can call for information‘. Mainline means ‗an important railway line between two cities‘. Redneck means ‗a person from the southern US‘. Darkroom means ‗a room with very little in it, used for developing photographs‘.b. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―N + N‘structure. Bookshelf means ‗ashelf for keeping books‘. Breadbasket means ‗a container for serving bread‘. Mailbox means ‗a box for putting letters in when they delivered to a house‘. Wineglass means ‗a glass for drinking wine‘.c. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―N + N‘ structure. Letterhead means ‗thehead of a letter (i.e. the name and address of an organization printed at the top of a letter)‘.Roadside means ‗the area at the side of a road‘. Keyhole means ‗the hole in a lock for putting the key in‘. Hilltop means ‗the top of a hill‘.d. They are exocentric compounds. Dropout means ‗a person who leaves school before theyhave finished their studies. Go-between means ‗a person who takes messages between people‘.Turnout means ‗the number of people who come to an event‘. Standby means ‗a person or thing that can always be used if needed‘.e. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―Adj + N-ed‖structure, in whichadjectives are used to modify the N-ed.f. They are endocentric compounds. They have the ―N + Adj‖ structure, meaning As Adj AsN.5.in-: not, the opposite ofen-: to put into the condition ofdis-: not, the opposite ofun-: not, the opposite ofinter-: between, amongmis-: wrongly or badlyover-: too muchre-: againpost-: after6. a. a young dog; pigletb. a female editor; hostessc. a place for booking tickets; refineryd. one who is kicked; traineee. the state of being put up; output7. unbelievable: un- (prefix), -able (suffix)inexhaustible: in- (prefix), -ible(suffix)multinational: multi (prefix)-, -al(suffix)teleshopping: tele- (prefix), -ing (suffix)8. a. initialismb. blendingc. compoundingd. conversion9. a. compounding, affixationb. compounding, affixationc. compounding, shorteningd. compounding, affixation10.a. consumable, comprehensible, exchangeable, permissibleb. absorbent, assistant, different, participantc. constructor, liar, beggar, editor, developerd. elementary, stationary, brewery, mockeryChapter 51. (a) connotation (b) formality(c) dialect (d) connotation2. waterrainwater, brine, tap water, mineral water, spring water, purified water, aerated water, ……..3. (a) keeping(b) feeling of admiration or respect4. (a) hyponymy(b) meronymy5. (a) light beer, strong beer(b) heavy coffee, strong coffee, weak coffee6. amateur—dabbler, funny—ridiculous, occupation—profession,small—little, famous—renowned, fiction—fable, smell—scent7. These words refer to different kinds of pictures or diagrams. Drawing: picture or diagram made with a pen, pencil, or crayon. Cartoon refers to ‗an amusing drawing in a newspaper or magazine‘. Diagram refers to a simple drawing using lines to explain where something is, how something works, etc. Illustration refers to a drawing or picture in a book, magazine etc. to explain something. Sketch refers to a simple picture that is drawn quickly and does not have many details.8.(a) gradable (b) non-gradable, reversive (c) gradable(d) non-gradable, reversive (e) gradable (f) non-gradable9.(a) antonym (b) hyponymy (c) antonym(d) synonymy (e) meronymyChapter 61. 1) literal expression 2) idiom3) literal expression 4) idiom5) idiom 6) literal expression2. 1) die2) something that makes a place less attractive3) suddenly realize or understand something4) make one‘s friends disappoint5) continue to argue something that has already been decided and is not important6) react quickly so as to get an advantage3. 1) gradually reduce the amount of time, money, etc.2) give support and encouragement to someone in a game, competition, etc3) give something to the person it belongs to4) annoy5) fail because a part is weak or incorrect6) try to find out the facts about something7) live under the rule of someone8) talk to someone in order to find out his opinions, ideas, feelings etc.9) give someone a warning or secret information about somethingChapter 71.General dictionaries include all of the elements of a lexicon, including meanings,pronunciations, usages, and histories of the words of their language. Specialized dictionaries are restricted to one variety or to one type of entryword.2.They are different in that different media are used. Print dictionaries do not use electric powerand can be used in all kinds of light. Electronic dictionaries are easy to carry. .3.Open to discussion.4.Open to discussion.5.(a) symbolise(b) symbol of sth is a person, an object, an event, etc. that represents a more general quality orsituation; symbol for sth is a sign, number, letter, etc. that has a fixed meaning, especially in science, mathematics and music(a)/sim‘bɔlik/ and /sim‘ba:lik/(b)represent(c) 2(d)Yes. We know that form the label [VN] and the examples.Chapter 81.vertically challenged—shortsanitation engineer—garbage collectorethnic cleansing--genocideladies‘ cloak room—women‘s toilet2.(1)They differ in connotation. Politician implies disapproval while statesman impliesapproval.(2)They differ in connotation. Inexpensive sounds indirect.(3) They differ in connotation. flatter implies disapproval, while praise implies approval.(4) They differ in connotation. pedant implies disapproval, scholar is neutral.3.(1) buttocks — buns (2) nonsense — bullshit(3) prison — can (4) cocaine — coke4.(a).Turn off the lights, please.(b) Would you please turn off the lights?5. Answers vary from person to person.6. (1) on a formal occasion.(2) when the speaker is seeing a friend off(3) when the speaker is angry and wants the addressee to leave(4) when the speaker is talking with a close friend.7. gateway, firewall, virus, bookmark, address, DOS, cyberspace, profiler, browser, login8. They differ in the terms they used, as they are different jargons.Chapter 91. knife: an object with a sharp blade for cutting thingsclothes: things we wear to keep our bodies warm;building: a structure made of a strong material, having roof, walls, windows, and doors2. She attacked every weak point in my argument.He withdrew his offensive remarks.I hit back at his criticism.She produced several illustrations to buttress her argument.I braced myself for the onslaught.3. The suffix–ee is typically attached to a verb meaning ‗one who is the object of the verb‘. This meaning is considered as the core meaning of the form. So, trainee means ‗one who is being trained‘. But the background knowledge associated with the verb may modulate the meaning of the suffix. Suffix –ee in standee moves away from the core meaning and is deprived of the ‗object‘meaning. So ‗standee‘ means ‗one who stands‘.4. In ‗good baby‘, ‗good‘means ‗well-behaved, not causing trouble‘; in ‗good parent‘, ‗good‘means ‗kind, generous, considerate, etc.‘5. (1) is used to show sad feelings while (2) is used as an apology.。

Advanced Business English WritingSuggested Answers to Task-based ExercisesChapter One1. Information control1). The recommendations should be placed after the conclusions.2). Point 3d should not have been included.Language control1). The style of the sentence,I’ve been asked to… in the Terms of Reference is far too personal.2). In 4b the word must creates a hard tone that is inappropriate for addressing the vice-president of personnel.Presentation techniques1). Conclusions should not be indented in section 5.2). There is inconsistency in bracketing or not bracketing the letters.4. Certain changes should be made to the letter:1) Catherine Porter could address Audrey Maxwell as “Dear Mrs Maxwell”, rather than “Dear Madam”.2) She could use “I” rather than “we”. “We” is a way of hiding behind your company, avoiding responsibility. You should only use it if you really mean the company as a whole.3) She could replace formal expressions like “We acknowledge receipt”with more informal ones.4) She could use the active rather than the passive voice. “I have credited youraccount” rather than “Your account has been credited”. The first sounds friendlier, the second is very impersonal.5) She could be more apologetic about the company’s error. Nothing is more annoying that receiving a letter in which the company admits to having made a mistake but does not bother to apologize.6) She could be more tactful in turning down Mrs Maxwell’s request for compensation. There is no reason not to be firm if the situation calls for it, but you can be firm and friendly.5.To: Forest Guard Corp.Attention: Ms.Wang, Marketing ManagerFax No.: 26435783From: Xiang Yan, Designing Dept.Date: 16 June, 2009Subject: Printing Business CardsPages: ThisDear Ms. Wang,6.From ************************Date 25:7:03 16:06:29To *********************Subject Petty Cash VouchersJohnSome of the staff from your department are still bringing their petty cash vouchers to me. However taken over by Martin in Accounts last month.Please inform your staff that they should deal with Martin in future.Thanks for your help John.Chapter Two2.①e ②c ③a ④b ⑤d ⑥f6. This is an amended version of the previous letter. The staff should feel some sympathy with the company’s situation from the wording of this second attempt. They may feel peeved about the small increase, but they will probably also feel grateful that they still have a job.Chapter Three1.a)Stephen is writing to inform his manager of his resignation. The word resignationin the subject heading “My resignation”and in the first paragraph, “I am writing to inform you of my intention to resign from G & S Holdings.”b)He used polite phrases for the following reasons:●He wants to break the news as gently as possible, to avoid annoying the manager.Staff resignations cause trouble for a manager, as the manager then has to recruit another member of staff, which is a time-consuming, expensive and troublesome process.●He's writing to the Regional Manager, who has a higher status in the company.●He may want a good reference letter.●He may want Katherine Chu to be a referee for him in future.The polite phrases are:●“I have appreciated very much my four years...”●“I have gained valuable experience working within an efficient and professionalteam environment. In particular, I have appreciated your personal guidance...”●“Once again, thank you for your support.”c)“I would like to leave, if possible,..” This is tentative becase it uses a conditionalsentence (conditional sentences use “If” and have a comma in the middle).“I hope that this suggested arrangement is acceptable to the company”. This is tentative because of the word “h ope”.2.a)Hugo wants to present the information logically: what caused the memo, theinvestigation and finally the request for action.(Note: He has cleverly 'hidden' the fact that non-smokers only have a majority of 1 in the middle of the text, emphasizing the request for action and the fact that the memo comes from the Staff Liaison Committee. He is attempting to influence Sandra to implement the request, even though many people voted against it.)b) Bold headings are clearer: the different parts are separated and summarized.3.To: Ovations Management TeamFrom: Daniel Bush, managerDate: June 3, 2003Subject: Welcoming John SmithI am pleased to announce that John Smith has agreed to join the Ovations Management Team as a senior vice president reporting to me. John joins us as we explore additional strategies relating to our Evercare business, including end-of-life care and the comprehensive health services that are needed to assist terminally ill individuals and their families.We are very fortunate to have John’s leadership as we expand our scope for growth. John has demonstrated strong leadership in creating and implementing business strategies, medical practice management and new business development. He has been with UnitedHealthcarenew provider networks within UHN. Prior to joining UnitedHealthcare, John worked in Colorado and Tennessee with4.MEMOTo:Katherine Chu, Regional ManagerFrom:Stephen Yu, SalesDate:28 April 2012Subject:Notification of My ResignationI am writing to inform you of my intention to resign from G & S Holdings.I have appreciated very much my four years working for the company. The training has been excellent and I have gained valuable experience working within an efficient and professional team environment. In particular, I have appreciated your personal guidance during these first years of my career.I feel now that it is time to further develop my knowledge and skills base in a different environment.I would like to leave, if possible, in a month's time on Saturday, 1 June. This will allow me to complete my current workload. I hope that this suggested arrangement is acceptable to the company.5.(a)The subsidiary’s financial statements showed worrying trends in its business. Ananalysis of the movements in the sales and costs figures is to be prepared by 18 October 2009.Action: Lindsay Yeong (b)The price of coffee has increased and this has made it necessary to raise the priceof a cup of coffee from $15 to $20 from 10 May 2010.(c)The proposed timetable for the interim and final audit is attached to these minutes.It may be difficult to meet the deadline for the final audit because the chief accountant (Vivien Yeung) is on holiday for the first week. This will be looked at in more detail by 11 April 2009.Action: Ben Suen 6.Minutes of 10th meeting of the Hall Extension Committee held on Tuesday, 11 January 2008, 7pm, Ramsgate Library.Present: Colin Bates (chairman)Mary Chin (treasurer)Andrew WongNicholas LongSimon Lee (Council)Bob Black (Red Cross)Ann Cheung (PricewaterhouseCoopers Senior Associate)Apologies were received from Alan Suen and Susan Wan.Minutes of lat meeting1.Item 4 of the minutes of the last meeting was amended to read “subject to approval atthe AGM”, after the words “the committee agreed”. The minutes were signed by the chairman on behalf of the meeting.Matters arisingOpening ceremony2.The Chief Executive has refused the invitation to open the hall extension as he is onholiday. The Chief Executive suggested Anson Chan as a replacement for him. Mary Chin will contact her.Action: Mary Chin Treasurer’s report3.The treasurer’s report (attached) was discussed. It was agreed that a provision of HK$130,000 should be made for the damage to the Director’s car, in accordance with the solicitor’s letter.Publicity4.The Apple Daily are to be invited to do an article on the Hall to attract local interest.Action: Andrew WongCheese and wine party5. A cheese and wine party for the committee is being held on 3 February, 7pm at theTaverner’s Arms. A list of attendees is to be prepared.Action: Mary ChinDate of next meeting6.The next meeting will be held on Wednesday, 8 March 2008, 8pm in the CommitteeRoom, Ramsgate Library.Chairman11January 2008Chapter Four1.2.3 4.5.Chapter Five 1.IntroductionThe aim of this proposal is to examine how we could enhance our companysituation and the disadvantages of the improvements recommended.Description of the bad publicityUnfortunately, a whistle-blower recently provided the local newspaper with information about the production of our newest product. They accused our organization of using chemical ingredients which could damage the health of clients.Presented problemsNow we have to face the problem that we could lose the trust of our customers.Consequently, we could have a sharp decrease in sales and profits.2.To: Mr. Carter, Managing DirectorFrom: John Michael, Head of the Administrative DepartmentDate: Feb.23, 2011The aim of this proposal is to summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the current website, and recommend new services and information to be provided through the website.Strengths:Our website can streamline business processes to improve operating efficiencies. Based on information provided by current website, we can analyze past customer behavior to anticipate customersWe now have greater ability to offer goods and services to the consumer over the Web. We can present goods more effectively, take orders and 3.To: The Managing DirectorThe proposal is for the possibility of producing a promotional brochure to publicize the company abroad.With quick globalization in the new IT age we have to make known our company in the international market.The following contents are recommended for the brochure.brief introduction of the company historyrange of existing and possible new productswebsite addresslist of our clients and business associates4.IntroductionThis proposal aims at showing why employee loyalty has deteriorated and suggesting ways of improving the current situation.Current situationA survey among the employees has shown the low employee loyalty.Unsatisfactory salaries and not enough fringe benefits are some of the real reasons for this problem. It is generally felt that the company competitors offer higher levels of remuneration.There appears to be a lack of information and resources needed for employees to do a good job. They also lack the necessary skills to meet the requirements of the job.Measures5.IntroductionThis proposal aims at preparing a detailed program of activities for a group of business people from the foreign trade delegation who will visit our company next month.FindingsAfter serious consideration, I have arranged a series of activities for them. Firstly, I will show them around our company, especially some main departments, to show our corporate culture to them. Meanwhile, I would introduce our companyfor the guests. Secondly, some business lectures would be carried out for the purpose of better communication between two sides. These lectures are given by business experts who are invited honorably. I am sure this will have a significant influence on the cooperation in the future.Recommendations and ConclusionsChapter Six1.2.3.4.5.建立于1998年的艾伦鞋业有限公司是一家专门从事运动鞋类生产和销售的公司，涉及诸如耐克、艾迪达斯、彪马、锐步等多个品牌。

参考答案Lesson 1Exercises1.（1）A （2）B （3）A （4）B （5）C（6）B （7）D （8）B （9）C （10）A（11）A （12）B （13）D2.（1）vacuum tubes（2）manage the functions of the computer, perform calculations（3）microprocessor, memory, disk drives（4）application software, system software（5）symbols, letters, numbers（6）a hard disk drive, a diskette drive（7）Word processing programs, used to prepare written documents;Electronic spreadsheet, used to analyze and summarize data;Database managers, used to organize and manage data and information;Graphics programs, used to visually analyze and present data and information;Communication programs, used to transmit and receive data and information;Integrated programs, which combine some or all of these applications in one program;（8）operating system3.（1）虽然电子计算机起源于近代（大约有50年），但计算过程自动化的思想却可追溯到当簿记、会计学和天文学变得让人感到枯燥乏味的时候。