Lesson 42 Modern cavemen
一、单词讲解New words and expressions
caveman n 洞穴人（穴居人）
cave n.洞穴（天然的）caveman n. （远古）洞穴人 a man living in a cave thousands of years ago
cavern ['k?v( ?)n] n. 大洞穴，大山洞 a large cave
cavity ['k?v ?t?]n.洞，腔（正式的医学术语）；（龋齿的）洞
pothole ['p?th??l]n.锅穴（冰原），壶穴（河床）（地质）
potholing n.洞穴探险（运动）
potholer n.洞穴探险者
solitude ['s?l?tju:d] n.孤独、寂寞（ 2.独处）（ enjoying being alone, being without companions ）六级罕见
live in solitude 独自（居住）生活
isolation n.隔离、孤立（不情愿地，被动）（ a feeling of being lonely and unable to meet or speak to other people ）eg. Retirement can often cause feeling of isolation.
seclusion [s?'klu: ?(?)n] n. 隔离（主动，隔离室等）；隐居、与世隔绝独处（刻意）
eg. The Emperor lived in seclusion behind the walls of the Forbidden City.
Recluse[r ?'klu:s] n.隐士n. 隐士；隐居者adj. 隐居的
远离【世界】，过着【隔绝】生活，“常常”是【独处】。 - 不一定是【宗·教·信·仰】的原因，不一定是独处（也许是小群体的与世隔绝的生活）； recluse 的第 2 个含义，才是指修行者，和上面hermit 同。
reclusive[r?'klu?s?v] adj. 隐居的；隐遁的
hermit['h??m?t] n. （尤指宗教原因的）隐士，隐居者；蜂鸟
强调的是远离【社会】，因【宗·教·信·仰】而【独处】的修行的人。
还有些小的区别： recluse 只用于人，而 hermit可指动物的独居习性；
lure [l(j) ??] v引诱，诱惑（n.诱惑；饵；诱惑物vt. 诱惑；引诱；引怪（游戏术语））
potholer n.洞穴探险者
rambler ['r?mbl ?]漫步者，散步者（n.漫步者，漫谈者；攀缘蔷薇）
stroll [str ??l] n.溜达 , 散步（ = slow walking for pleasure in street or in garden ）指不慌不忙地溜达
go for a stroll = go for a walk, take a stroll = take a walk
--He is strolling along the road.
Stroller n.散步者 , 流浪者
Ramble [ ‘r?mbl] v. 海岸、林中的漫步 -- The couple are rambling in the forest. [ 英 ] 漫步，尤指为消遣而在乡间
闲逛
Roam [r ??m] v. 不安定的漂泊（徜徉；闲逛；漫步 to walk or travel around an area without any definite aim or direction ）常指长时间没有目的或方向地游荡。
W an der ['w ?nd?] vi. 漫步 , 徘徊 , 流浪 , 彷徨 , 无目的地移动
1、 to walk slowly around or to a place, often without any particular sense of purpose or direction
2、 [V] ~ (away, back, to, etc. sth)(of a person's mind or thoughts 人的思想或想法 ) 走神；神志恍惚；（思想）开
小差 to stop being directed on sth and to move without much control to other ideas,
3、[V] ~ (away/off) | ~ (from/off sth )偏离（正道）；走失；离散 to move away from the place where you ought to be or the people you are with
同义词：stray
undertaking n 任务，工作
undertake v.承担，着手做
undertake to do 1、开始做you start doing it and accept responsibility for it
2、承诺做 you promise that you will do it.
--He undertook to inform everyone concerned.--We undertake a investigation.
承担，着手做：
start to do sth take off doing sthbe engaged in sth（参与，从事于，忙于） set out to do set about doing undertaking n.事业，工作（正在着手做的事）
Assignment （工作中的）任务，作业on an assignment去执行公务assign 分配，指派
mi ss ion使命Mission Impossible谍中谍
foresight ['f? :sa?t] n 预见，深谋远虑
foresee预见forecast预测，预报predict 预计expect 期望，预计
Fore 前缀表示1、前部的（空间），前面的（时间）2、预先
1、 forehead forearm 前臂forefinger 食指foreword 前言（写在〔书〕前面的话→ 前言）
Forerunner先驱，先兆forefather 祖先foresight远见
2、 foresee forecast foretell fore stall阻止（预先制止）
foretell [f ?:'tel] v 预言名词的预测一般用prediction prophecy ['pr ?f?s? ]n. 预言；
a lle gory ['?l ?g(?)r?] 寓言（讽寓）
fable ['fe ?b(?)l]（ n. 寓言；无稽之谈vi. 编寓言；虚构vt. 煞有介事地讲述；虚构）
foretell一般的通俗用语，往往指根据客观因素做出的预告，强调预先要发生的事。
forecast 指对未来事件的预报、推测或设想，侧重最终可能出现的结果。
predict较正常的正式用词，通常用于人。指根据事实或自然规律进行推断后作出预告，隐含有科学的准确性。
foresee指提前、预先料到将要发生的事或指对未发生的事情形成一种概念或判断
chasm ['k?z( ?)m] n.断层，裂缝，陷坑（ n. 峡谷；裂口；分歧；深坑）
a rope bridge across the chasm 横跨裂缝的绳索桥
n.分歧，不同，裂痕（a big difference between the opinions, experience, ways of life ）
a deep political chasm between these two countries 两个国家间的很大的政治分歧
flaw [fl ?:] n.瑕疵，小裂缝，小错，弱点；裂缝，裂纹vt&vi .使生裂缝，使有裂纹；使无效；使有缺陷
（ a mistake, mark or weakness that makes something imperfect ）事物表面的裂纹，引申出瑕疵，缺陷
fatal flaw致命的弱点
cleft [kleft]n.裂缝，裂口（自然形成）（（尤指岩石、地表的）裂缝；额头（或下巴）中间的竖缝；（身体）V字形凹陷） a natural crack in the surface of rocks or the earth etc.
a sharp cleft between rich and poor 贫富之间的巨大差异
cleavage ['kli:v ?d?] n. （劈裂的）裂痕，不同意见（n.劈开，分裂；[晶体]解理；[胚]卵裂）
a sharp cleavage in the attitudes towards education 关于教育的截然不同的意见
cleave 1、劈开 [文学性 ] 2、cleave to 坚忠于 [正式 ]
fissure n. 裂缝，（尤指岩石上的）裂沟；分歧 v.（使）裂开，分裂（ a deep crack， especially in rock or earth ）crack n.（一个）开口，缝隙（ 1、使?破裂 ; 破裂 2、使?噼啪作响;发出辟裂声 3、撞击 4、叩开（壳鸡蛋） 5、破解难题，密码等）最普通的用词
eg. She opened the door a crack and slipped in.
crevice ['krev ?s] n. （岩石上的）细小裂缝（a narrow crack , especially in rock）
gap n. 间隙；缺口；差距；分歧 ( an empty space between two objects)强调空间
the generation gap 代沟
eg. There is wide gap in my knowledge of history. 我历史知识十分缺乏。
distinguished adj.杰出的、著名的（学术上、领域知名的）
very successful and respected; well known; remarkable
eg. A distinguished scientist won The Nobel Prize.
a tall, distinguished-looking man一个高个，相貌非凡的男子
unremarkable remarkably remark vt谈到、说起（正式评论、谈论on/upon）n.评论、意见about outstanding（ adj.突出的，杰出的，卓越的）-- Our headmaster is an outstanding youth. （ n.年轻人 , 青少年）Distinguished （ adj. 杰出的 , 卓越的 , 不同非凡的） (非常成功且令人钦佩的) ~ physicist [ ‘f?z?s?st] Eminent （ adj. 显赫的 , 杰出的 , 有名的 , 优良的）[‘em?n?nt] (尤指在某一行业、专业领域中颇有名气的) Distinguished 和 eminent 是同义词（都是用来修饰严肃领域的人）
--a distinguished physicist （ n.物理学家） , an eminent surgeon（ n.外科医生）
--an eminent judge （ n.法官） , a distinguished lawyer （ n.律师）
noted adj. 显著的、值得注意的；著名的well-known to receive a lot of public attention
a noted restaurant 一个远近闻名的餐馆
celebrated ['sel?bre?t?d] adj. most-talked about , famous著名的（非常偏，专业四级）
a celebrated case 人尽皆知的案例celebrity [s?'lebr ?t?] (尤指娱乐界的) 名人，明星
illustrious [ ?'l?str??s] adj. 极为杰出的，著名的（一般指人）
(famous and admired because of what you have achieved in the past, greatly distinguished; celebrated)
an illustrious book an illustrious name
renow n ed [r?’na?nd]adj.某人或某事/地以其独特的品质、个性而闻名
be ~ (as/for sth)有名的；闻名的；受尊敬的famous and respected
-- Hangzhou is renowned for its beautiful scenery. （ n.风景 , 景色）
notorious adj.臭名远扬的（ famous widely known for sth bad ）
a notorious gangster恶名昭彰的歹徒
infamous adj.身名狼藉的（ = Notorious ）
Everest: the highest mountain in the Himalayas , on the border between Tibet and Nepal [n??p??l]
eg. AIDS researchers have made some progress, but they still have an Everest to climb .
wade [we?d] v涉水、蹚水（或泥）(vi. 跋涉 vt. 涉水；费力行走n. 跋涉；可涉水而过的地方 )
介词一般用 through 或者 across
wade through 引申出：费时费力地啃读
waterfall瀑布
downfall垮台 snowfall 暴雪
gear 一套用具
之前学的是档位，挂挡是go into
inflatable [?n'fle ?t?b(?)l] 可充气的（膨胀的；引申出“得意的”）pneumatic pneumonia
an inflatable rubber dingy an inflatable mattress
inflate v.
1) to fill sth with air充气V-T/V-I使充气；充气
inflate a rubber dinghy
2) to fill with pride得意洋洋，骄傲的（人，膨胀）
eg. Our egos were inflated by success.
我们因为胜利而变的骄傲自满了。
3) to make prices increase 涨价，上涨vt&vi 抬高( 物价 ); 涨高
eg. The influx of immigrants has inflated house prices.大量移民的涌入使得房价上涨。
4)夸大 vt If someone inflates the amount or effect of something, they say it is bigger, better, or more important than it really is, usually so that they can profit from it.eg:夸大损失，夸大收获等等
inflation （通货膨胀） --- deflation（银根紧缩）
bubble economy 泡沫经济
deflate vt. 放气，排气；使缩小；紧缩通货；打击；使泄气vi. 缩小；物价下降
rubble ['r ?b(?)l]n.碎石，瓦砾（毁坏后的房屋，或者是铺设在地面最下一层的碎石）
boulder ['b ??ld ?
] n. 大石块（a large stone or piece of rock）（卵石，大圆石（圆形巨石）；巨砾）
pebble ['peb(?)l] n. 小卵石，小石子 (a small smooth stone found on the beach or on the bottom of river)
eg. You are not the only pebble on the beach!
（used to say that you are not the only person who has to be considered or deserves attention）
eg. You are not the only fish in the sea.
cobble ['k ?b(?)l] n. for paving the road大石子（大卵石，中砾）
insistent [?n's?st(?)nt]连续的，不断的（1、坚持的;坚决的2、(声音、节奏等) 持续的）
insist 1、坚持认为 ; 执意要求V-T/V-I insist that insist on sth/doing坚持说insist that
注意一些特殊的用法，或者特殊的词意，比如之前steadily ，本意是稳定的，也可以翻译为“连续的”Persistent stubborn abstinately
boom[bu:m] v./n. 轰响bomb [b?m] n 炸弹vt&vi轰炸
1) a deep loud sound that you can hear 轰鸣声
the boom of the cannons
2) a rapid increase of business activity经济增长（经济繁荣，急速发展，激增）
eg. After the boom, everything is gloom.
boom town新兴的工业城市
a town or city that suddenly becomes very successful because there is a lot of new industry
baby boom ：婴儿潮 a period when a lot of babies were born esp. between 1946 and 1964
eg. Bill Clinton is a baby boomer who was born in 1946.
prosp e rous adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的[ ‘?sppr ?r?s]
-- our finance is prosperous 我们的经济非常的繁荣。（ Finance n.财政 , 金融）
thriving adj.昌盛的，兴旺的-- thriving business [ θ ?v??]ra thriv e兴盛，兴隆；长得健壮
booming adj. 蓬勃的，景气的-- a booming market 繁荣的市场本意：急速发展的 boom v激增flourishing adj. 繁茂的，健康的，繁荣的['fl ?:????]flourish [‘fl?r??] 茂盛，繁荣 ; 活跃，蓬勃
-- Those plants are flourishing. 那些植物长得茂盛。
waterspout ['w ?:t?spa?t] n强大的水柱（水龙卷）
spout 1、 vt&vi 喷射 (液体、火 ); (液体、火 ) 喷射出2、 (容器的 ) 嘴; 口 3、跌跌不休地说[表不满 ]
cleft [kleft]n.裂缝，开口（裂口（自然形成）（（尤指岩石、地表的）裂缝；额头（或下巴）中间的竖缝；
（身体） V 字形凹陷） a natural crack in the surface of rocks or the earth etc. ）
a sharp cleft between rich and poor贫富之间的巨大差异
cavern['k?v( ?)n] n. 大洞穴，大山洞 a large cave
stalagmite ['st?l ?gm a?t] n石笋
sticks up from the floor of a cave. Stalagmites are formed by the slow dropping of water containing the mineral lime.['m?n(?)r( ?)l] n.矿物；（英）矿泉水；无机物；adj. 矿物的；矿质的
stalactite ['st?l ?kta?t] n. [地质]钟乳石
a long piece of rock which hangs down from the roof of a cave. Stalactites are formed by the slow dropping of
water containing the mineral lime.
Plaster ['pl ɑ:st?]n.熟石膏(灰泥 ;熟石膏 ;膏药 ;创可贴 ;护创胶布 ;) (v. 抹灰 ;用灰泥抹 (墙等 ); 用?涂抹 ) gypsum ['d ??ps?m]是生石膏（简称石膏），自然界的矿物质（晶体）,他指代就是 CaSO4· 2H2O ，纯的。Plaster 是灰泥（好像俗称石膏），人工的建筑材料（主要成分是gypsum 生石膏加热去水后变成的熟石膏
人工研磨成的白色粉末），主要成分是熟石膏CaSO4·1/2H2O ，其他成分杂七杂八的杂质什么就多了去了
我也不是很清楚。种类很多：gypsum plaster 石膏灰泥 , lime plaster石灰泥 , cement plaster 水泥灰泥 .
总之你就想： gypsum 就是高中化学实验室放在瓶子里的做实验的纯石膏。plaster 是建筑工地一大包一大包的盖房子用的所谓的“石膏”
lime [la ?m] 石灰，青柠，酸橙
limestone 石灰石
glisten ['gl ?s(?)n] v闪烁（ vi.闪光，闪亮 n. 闪光，闪耀）（ it shines, usually because it is wet or oily. ( 因有水或有油而 ) 发光）
glint glim flash flicker
eerie ['??r?] adj.引起恐惧的(“令人”)，可怕的(strange and frightening causing a feeling of mystery and fear)the eerie sound of an owl hoots in the forest at night 夜晚猫头鹰在森林里发出令人恐怖的叫声。
in the eerie silence 令人恐怖的寂静之中
eerily ADV怪异地;可怕地
dome [d ??m] n.穹隆，圆顶（圆屋顶）（a round roof圆顶）
the blue dome of sky苍穹under the dome 穹顶之下柴静，雾霾
doom [du:m]v./n. to make sb certain to fail, die命里注定（会怎样），在劫难逃常用被动be doomed to do （ n. 厄运；死亡；判决；世界末日vt. 注定；判决；使失败）vt doom sth to sth 注定使什么怎样
（If a fact or event dooms someone or something to a particular fate, it makes certain that they are going to suffer
in some way. 注定）destiny 命运
eg. Their marriage was doomed to failure.
doom s day 世纪末日
二、课文讲解
Cave exploration, or pot-holing, as it has come to be known, is a relatively new sport.
as it has come to be known? as 引导方式状语从句“正如人们已开始知道的那样。”
Come to 变成某种状态，有一个方向性，结合现在完成时又有了时间性，“从过去到现在，逐渐地”
Bruce charged at it, but in the middle, the car came to a grinding halt.
eg. Bumjee jumping, as it has come to be known, is a relatively new sport.
上节课学到了or about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to the city everyday
to go to work（go to work也有一个方向性，考试一般不会考，阅读中也不太重要，但是表达上要准确）
relatively ['rel ?t?vl ?]adv.相对地，比较地
Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures people down to the depths of the earth.
It is the desire for solitude ? that lures people?（强调句） eg.
It is the wish for knowledge that lures me into the book world.
注意介词的使用，desire for chance of==chance to do
以及副词down 表示方向后紧跟的to 介词，表目的对象eg： back to
注意 depth 除了深度以外， depths（复数形式）表示深处、深渊
It is impossible to give a satisfactory explanation for a pot-holer ’ s motives.
eg. It is impossible to give a satisfactory explanation for a murder’s motives.
Active adj. 积极的；活跃的；主动的；有效的；现役的n. 主动语态；积极分子
Activate vt. [usu passive] 刺激；使活动；使活泼；使产生放射性vi. 激活；有活力
Initiate vt. 启动，开始，创始；发起；使初步了解（传授）n. 开始；新加入者，接受初步知识者
Motive n. 动机，目的；主题adj. 发动的；成为动机的vt. 使产生动机，激起
Motivate v. 刺激，使有动机，激励 /激发?的积极性；成为??的动机；（激起某种行为）
For him, caves have the same peculiar fascination which high mountains have for the climber.
注意对比的用法， fascination for
eg. What a high mountain is to a climber that a cave is to a pot-holer.
eg. Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history.正如达尔文发现有机自然界的发展规律一样，马克思发现了人类的发展规律。
They arouse instincts which can only be dimly understood.
arouse vt 引起，激起，激发
arise vi. 出现；上升；起立
instinct n. 本能language instinct 语感 instinct for self-preservation自卫本能介词用 for
intuition [ ?ntj?'??(?)n] 直觉（注意同位语从句的使用） The Sixth Sense 第六感
eg. I had an intuition that it would rain.
eg. I feel in my bone that there may be a chance in a million that I was right.
tuition n.学费；授课（指导）英国英语
dim 暗淡的，希望渺茫的，可能性小的
Exploring really deep caves is not a task for the Sunday afternoon rambler.
注意总结表达“困难”的几种方式
it’s difficult for sb to do sth最直白
doing sth is not a task for sb
sb attempting to do sth is always faced with a difficult task
sb has a hard time doing sth 虽然简单也比较直接，但是表示的意思更加婉转
Such undertakings require the precise planning and foresight of military operations.
of military operations军事行动般的注意这个所有格of，表达的意思是军事行动的远见，“般的”
用来修饰the precise planning and foresight
It can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep cave.
It can take as long as ? rig up?
it can take as long as it 是形?式主语， to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases 是逻辑主语
as long as 只要，就；长达as long ago as早在（ 14 课）
rig up v.装备，装配；（用身边的工具）草草搭起/做成(to make equipment, furniture etc. quickly from objects that you find around you)
rig [r ?g]本意是给(船、桅等)装配帆、锁具等[nautical]
（ v. 操纵；装配；装扮；装上索具；为?提供服装n. 装备；钻探设备；服装；帆装；重型铰接式开车）eg. Soldiers rigged up tents for the night.士兵搭起了过夜的帐篷。
eg. We rigged up a simple shower at the back of the cabin. 我们在小屋的后面临时装上了一个简易热水器。
It can take as long as? rig up ? a descent can be made
into? make a descent into
eg. They discovered the crater and made a descent into the volcano. 他们发现了火山口，并进入了火山。descent [d?'sent] 六级名词 1、下降、下坡 2、沉沦 ; 没落 [ 强调 ] 3、出身 [ 正式 ] descend on descend
into descend to sth/doing sth ascend 反义词，上升
1) family origins后代eg. We are Chinese by descent.
2) a gradual change towards behavior that is wrong堕落，品格下降
Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the pot-holer.
precaution n. 预防措施(pre→ caution)take precaution
（sth that you do in advance in order to prevent sth dangerous or unpleasant from happening ）
eg. We have to save our work often as a precaution against computer failure. 要经常存盘，以免计算机失误而丢
失文档。
eg. I take all the precautions of insuring my car.我采取预防措施给车子上了保险。
take preventive measures 采取预防措施 ==take steps==take actions
eg. The government took effective steps to hold back the increasing inflation.抑制了持续增长的通货膨胀。
?the exact nature of? will confront the pot-holer.
nature n.本质，本性，性质human nature 人性
the nature of 属?性质（类）
eg. His request was virtually in the nature of a command.
let the nature take its course 顺其自然
eg. What will be will be. Let the nature take its course.
call of the nature大小便急（委婉语）
?the exact nature of? will confront the pot-holer.
confront v.面对，遭遇（ to deal with something very difficult or unpleasant in a brave and determined way ）在这
里要注意其主语，一般而言用的是人做主语，但是反过来，拟人的非灵主语，把困难作为主语
confront sb with sth特化为(以某事物)与(某人)对质
eg. On my first day at work I was confronted with the task of chairing a meeting.be faced with
The deepest known cave in the world is the Gouffre Berger near Grenoble. It extends to a depth of 3,723 feet. This immense chasm has been formed by an underground stream which has tunneled a course through a flaw in the rocks.
known 过去分词直接做前置定语
extend 深达，也可以长达
be formed by 以什么形成
tunnel 隧道，在这里是动词，形成隧道，挖掘隧道，挖掘，冲刷出隧道的形状
The entrance to the cave is on a plateau in the Dauphine Alps. ['d ??fi?n]王妃多芬阿尔卑斯山脉
the entrance to ?的入口处
entrance examination
the gateway to ['ge?twe?] 大门入口，门户；途径；网关
eg. For immigrants from Asia, the gateway to USA is San Francisco.
plateau ['pl?t ??] 高原
As it is only six feet across, it is barely noticeable. The cave might have never been discovered had not
the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holer, Berger.
might have done sth 虚拟语气结构
正常结构为if the entrance had not been spotted by?
非真实性条件状语从句，if 的省略多用于较正式的文体之中。把“如果”两字在字面上就去掉
eg. Had I realized what you intended I should not have wasted my time.if I have realized what you intended ?
Since its discovery, it has become a sort of pot- holers ’Everest. Though a number of descents have been made, much of it still remains to be explored.
much of it still remains to be explored有待于进一步勘探
注意里面概念的转换，让步状从的主语是 a number of descents探险者的进洞探索，“每次探险”意味着都会有一些
新的发现，主句是 much of it 变成了洞穴本身，但整体仍然说的还是洞穴的未知和神秘。
remain a lot to be seen
remain a lot to be desired
remain a lot to be improved
eg. It remains to be seen whether or not the operation was successful.这次行动是否成功还是有待观察。
本课裂缝深坑不同的表达
After entering the narrow gap on ?
This immense chasm has been?
The entrance to the cave is?
A team of pot-holers recently went down the Gouffre Berger. After entering the narrow gap on the plateau, they climbed down the steep sides of the cave until they came to a narrow corridor.
steep [sti:p] adj.峻峭的 , 陡峭的；急剧（升降）的
precipitous [pr ?'s?p?t?s] adj. （ very steep and often dangerous）险峻，几乎垂直的；居然的，急剧的
abrupt adj. 突兀的（骤然的，突然的；唐突的）
precipice ['pres?p?s] n.峭壁（n.悬崖；绝壁；险境）
cliff n.悬崖（(尤其指靠海的) 悬崖）
corridor ['k ?r?d?:] 走廊（英国英语）；走廊地带(与另一国家相连或穿越另一国取得出海通道的狭长地带) the Hexi [Gansu] Corridor河西走廊
passage走廊gallery 画廊hall (楼里的 ) 过道 [ 美国英语 ]
They had to edge their way along this, sometimes wading across shallow streams, or swimming across deep pools.
edge one's way along?侧身缓缓的向前移动
edge [ed?] n. 边缘；优势；刀刃；锋利vt. 使锐利；将?开刃；给?加上边vi. 缓缓移动；侧着移动
极限运动，在高楼顶层的边缘走。
现在分词做伴随状语wade across 涉水
squeeze through 从中挤身过去
elbow/shoulder one ’s way==squeeze one’s way 挤出一条路
Suddenly they came to a waterfall which dropped into an underground lake at the bottom of the cave.
come to 来到了
at the bottom of
They plunged into the lake, and after loading their gear on an inflatable rubber dinghy, let the current carry them to the other side.
current 水流
carry 非灵主语的使用
plunge v.投入，跳入 [pl ?nd?]（ = jump or rush suddenly and wildly）以下都可以用plunge (sth) in/ into sth
1、 Vi（尤指向水中）纵身投入，一头进入；突然前冲（或下落）
2、 Vt将?投入；将? 插入；将? 刺进
3、 [V] (of prices, temperatures, etc.价格、温度等) 暴跌；骤降；突降
4、（使）投身；（使）突然开始从事
5、使（突然）陷入（不好的状态）the room was plunged into darkness
--He got so angry that he plunge into the water.
--When the ship Titanic sank in the ocean, a large number of people plunged into...
jump （侧重强调快速地跳）-- The boy is jumping up and down.
Leap vt. 跳跃 , 跳越（ -- He leapt out of the sleeping bad. ）
Dive vi. 潜水 , 跳水 , 下潜 , 俯冲
To protect themselves from the icy water, they had to wear special rubber suits. At the far end of the lake, they came to huge piles of rubble which had been washed up by the water.
icy water 刺骨的冷水地下水的温度很低（水空调）山涧
at the far end 在?尽头1、注意意思2、注意介词at
eg. I was at the far end of my patience. 我忍无可忍了。
wash up 这里的 up 单纯表示方向，冲刷上岸 wash up 整体而言可以表示“洗餐具；洗手洗脸” come to 来
到了，但是对象并不是地点，而是碎石，是由碎石指代“一堆堆碎石的地方”这里可以翻译为
“见到了，看到了”
In this part of the cave, they could hear an insistent booming sound which they found was caused by a small water-spout shooting down into a pool from the roof of the cave.
? an insistent booming sound which they found was caused by a small water-spout shooting down ?
they found 为插入语
常见的插入语：I think, hop, guess, believe, suppose, wonder , see , know
eg. You may, I suppose, take advantage of this good opportunity.
注意水的几种滴法
water---drip waterspout---shoot waterfall---drop
Squeezing through a cleft in the rocks, the pot-holers arrived at an enormous cavern, the size of a huge concert hall.
the size of?名词性同位语，解释说明前面的cavern
After switching on powerful arc lights, they saw great stalagmites— some of them over forty feet high--rising up like tree-trunks to meet the stalactites suspended from the roof. switch 转变，转换
n. 开关；转变；（铁道的）转辙器，道岔；v. 改变（立场、方向等）；替换；转换；调换；调（班）；switch on接通，开启switch off（用开关）关掉；切断（电源）switch in接通；合闸
control switch控制开关power switch电源开关
some of them over ?独立主格结构
rising up like现在分词短语做了stalagmites 的补足语
suspended 过去分词的形式做了stalactites 的后置定语
to meet 与什么相接，满足什么要求，金额
Round about, piles of lime-stone glistened in all the colours of the rainbow.
round about: adv 周围；大约；迂回地
Round about seven
in all the colors of the rainbow 像彩虹一样闪闪发光“尽显五光十色” in
the color of 以什么样的颜色
In the eerie silence of the cavern, the only sound that could be heard was made by water which
dripped continuously from the high dome above them.
in the silence of 处于寂静的状态
drip v. 滴下，使滴下；（液体）滴下，漏下；充满；溢出n. 水滴；滴水声；滴注器，静脉滴注；滴水槽；
[ 过去式 dripped 或 dript 过去分词 dripped 或 dript 现在分词 dripping 复数 drips 第三人称单数 drips ] saliva
[s?'la?v?] 口水，唾液
Lesson 42 1d 2a 3b 4c 5c 6b 7d 8b 9c 10a 11d 12b
3, light 的过去式和过去分词有两种形式lighted 和 lit
10.fault 错误，故障；断层（地质） active fault 活断层 ; 活动断裂 ; [地质 ] 活动断层
11. cautious 小心的，谨慎的file 文件， vi 列队行走sidle 侧身而行；悄然贴近
12. frozen 冻上的freezing极冷的；（雾、雨）冻的chilly阴冷的，寒冷的iced 冰镇的（用冰，动词）
Lesson 47 Too high a price 代价是否太高 New words and expression 生词和短语 pollution n..污染 相应词型: pollute, polluted, pollution, polluter air pollution water pollution noise pollution information pollution pollutant n.污染物chemical pollutant pollute v.污染 More and more water is been polluted. Pollution is the major problem we are faced with. Gases from cars are one of the polluters of air pollution. eg. Peking is heavily polluted. pollute one's mind 污染心灵 polluter A polluter is someone or something that pollutes the environment. 污染者; 污染源innocent adj.无害的，无污染的an innocent glass of water overpopulated adj.人口多的overpeopled populate v.居住于If an area is populated by certain people or animals聚居; 栖息 eg. The north-east of the U.S.A is populated mainly by farmers.美国东北部的居民主要是农民。densely populated人口多的（人口密度过大的）/heavily populated /thickly populated /over populated sparsely populated [‘spɑ:sli] 人口稀少的稀疏地；贫乏地/thinly populated /under populated shift population流动人口population explosion 人口爆炸 sparsely-populated community 人口稀疏的地区== sparsely-peopled population 人口数量 What’s the population in your country? The city has a population of two million. populous [‘p?pj?l?s] adj. 正式，强调一个地区人口众多，拥挤 The narrow street is populous with people. The most populous province in China is SiChuan. over-industrialized adj.过度工业化的 commercialization 商品化 -(z)ation …化 industrialization 工业化denationalization私有化desertification沙漠化 sheer [???(r)] adj.纯粹的，不掺杂的（只做定语） 1.pure unmixed 纯粹的[ADJ n] [强调] 2.steep [sti:p] 陡峭的; 完全垂直的 It is very difficult for us to climb sheer mountain. The cliff is so sheer that you can’t climb it. https://www.doczj.com/doc/d96756553.html,plete完全的What are you talking about sheer nonsense? 4.Transparent [tr?ns’p?r?nt]透明的ladies and girls would like to wear sheer silk stockings. sheer luck实在是运气sheer stupidity 太蠢了 the sheer weight 净重the sheer size净尺寸the sheer volume总体积 (use to emphasize how heavy or big something is) eg. The sheer area of China is bigger than the whole Europe. mere 仅仅（程度低） a mere 20 miles 仅20英里 a mere child
Lesson 1 Excuse me! 对不起！ Lesson 2 Is this your…这是你的……吗？ 一、教学目的 1．理解主系表结构的陈述、一般疑问式 2．初步掌握询问“是否”的方法 二、教学重点 1．主系表结构 2．一般疑问句 3．代词小引 三、教学难点 1．人称代词和物主代词的区分运用 2．主系表结构及其一般疑问句 四、教学标准 1．识别并简单运用主系表结构 2．掌握一般疑问句及肯定回答 五、教学内容 1．语法点： 1)代词人称代词和物主代词 2)Be 动词 3)一般疑问句 4)主系表结构this为主语，名词做表语 5)一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答
2．语言点： 1)打扰他人 2)表达谢意 3．语音：初步知识，字母、音标介绍六、扩展练习 1．打扰他人的表达 2．表达谢意
Lesson 3 Sorry, sir. 对不起，先生。Lesson 4 Is this your…这是你的……吗？ 一、教学目的 1.理解并运用主系表结构的陈述、一般疑问式 2.掌握询问“是否”的方法 二、教学重点 1.主系表结构 2.一般疑问句 3.代词形容词性物主代词 三、教学难点 1.人称代词和物主代词的区分运用 2.主系表结构及其一般疑问句 四、教学标准 1.识别并简单运用主系表结构 2.掌握一般疑问句及否定回答 五、教学内容 1.语法点： 1)否定陈述句 2)Be动词的否定形式 3)代词的功能 4)一般疑问句及否回答 5)形容词性物主代词 2.语言点：
1)询问“是否” 2)表达歉意 3.语音：字母、音标介绍 六、扩展练习 1.询问“是否” 2.向别人道歉
Lesson 1 Excuse me 1. Words 1）excuse （1）重音 （2）与sorry 的区别 Excuse me——在说或做可能令人不悦的事情之前使用；通常在要打扰别人或要打断别人谈 话或要吸引别人注意时使用。 Sorry——在说或做可能令人不悦的事情之后使用，表示歉意。 （3）Excuse 用的不同场景 a. 请别人让路 b. 引起别人的注意 Excuse me, sir, will you tell me the way to the post office? 劳驾，你可以告诉我去邮局的路吗? c. 打断别人的谈话 Excuse me, what you said was wrong. 对不起，你说错了。 d. 可以当n. 借口eg. No excus e. 别找借口，没有借口。（举例） 2）this 重点：/ e /的发音 / e / this that those father mother brother they / θ/ three think mouth thank thing P.S. Something is better than nothing. 3）Your 重点：人称代词与形容词性物主代词 复习： 人称代词（主格）I you he she it we they 人称代词（宾格）me you him her it us them 形容词性物主代词my your his her its our their Now, do exercise: 你的狗我的书他的女友她的爱人它的家我们的儿子他们的钱2. Grammar 1） Yes? 用法：（1）用于回答一般疑问句中肯定的形式：eg. Yes, it is. （2）= What?s up? 什么事？Eg. Child: “Father!” Father:”Yes?” 2）一般现在时的常用用法及一般疑问句 （1）Now, do exercise: a. 这是一个包。 b. 这是我的包。 c. 这不是我的包。 d. 这是你的包吗？ （2）一般疑问句的方式即是将be 动词（am is are ）提前，其余照抄即可。其语法形态为：Be （am is are ）+ 主语+ 其余成分（表/宾） Now, do exercise: a. 这是一只狗。这是一只狗吗？ b. 这是他的狗。这是他的狗吗？ c. 这是她的CD机。这是她的CD机吗？
试听课（2010-03-14）初一 【另附】自我介绍、认识学生、课程简介10’（要求笔记记在书上空白处，发给练习本）Lesson 1 - Excuse me! & Lesson 2 - Is this your…? 一、教学重点 1、辨析：Excuse me.和I’m sorry.的用法区别。 2、代词：人称代词和物主代词总表、主格和宾格的区别、四个指示代词、代词与be动词的使用搭配及其缩写形式。 3、语气：陈述句变一般疑问句，及其肯定回答。 4、句型：-Is this your…? -Yes, it is. 二、教学步骤 【第一节课】 1、引入话题（详见右框）。2’ 2、让学生描述图片，中英结合。2’ 3、听一遍音频，掌握大意。1’ 4、生词解读，纠正发音（详见课本）。3’ 5、提出问题：Whose handbag is it? 看一遍视频，解答问题。2’ （屏幕升起） 6、精讲课文，板书和笔记（详见下文）。25’ 7、再听一遍音频，逐句跟读。2’ 8、学生自己大声朗读。3’ 【第二节课】 1、分组角色扮演，朗读课文。10’ 2、借一个handbag，实际表演。5’ 3、Lesson 2的重点句型。2’ 4、Lesson 2的单词解读，纠正发音。3’ 5、根据图片对话演练重点句型。10’ 6、收集一大堆东西，仿照课文，替换练习。10’ 7、抄写句子练习，检查学生的手写体。10’ 【第三节课】（屏幕放下） 1、超级情景背诵图讲解。5’ 2、背课文比赛。20’ 3、听一首英文歌曲《Do Re Mi》。7’ 4、听写Lesson 1的单词，记忆法指点。8’ 5、听写Lesson 2的单词。7’ 6、总结本课重点，让学生标注（详见上文）。2’ 7、布置作业：练习册，背课文和单词。1’ 三、精讲课文 1、Excuse me.和I’m sorry.的用法区别： Excuse me. 打扰，劳驾。常用于事前：引起某人注意、打断、挤过、想进门或离开等。 I’m sorry. 对不起，很抱歉。常用于事后：做错某事、伤害到别人、请求原谅。 【Action】公交车上的场景：挤下车、不小心踩到某人。 2、代词总表：
Lesson 51 predicting the future 一、单词讲解New words and expressions notorious [n???t??ri?s] adj. （尤指因坏事）众所周知的famous for something （声名狼藉，臭名昭著） a notorious bandit 出了名的, 众人皆知的，臭名远扬的, 声名狼藉的 eg. The region is notorious for its terrible snowstorms. 这个地区以大风雪闻名。 notorious 指因劣迹而臭名昭著，含强烈贬义；但有时也作“众所周知的”解。 这组词都有“著名的，知名的”的意思，其区别是： famous 是普通用词，指传播很广，引起人们注意的人或事物。 eminent 指在某方面杰出卓越或突出的人或物。 notable 用于指事件时，侧重其重要、值得注意；用于指人时，与famous同义，但语气较弱。outstanding 侧重指因素质优良，功绩卓著而超过同类的人或物，强调“突出”。 well-known adj.众所周知的（强调众所周知的），但是仅只好的方面 -- She is well-known in the musical world. / This is well-known fact. remarkable adj.不寻常的（包括褒义和客观）（同意词：unusual, uncommon, extraordinary） -- a remarkable event , an extraordinary event 不同寻常的事件 unremarkable remarkably remark vt 谈到、说起（正式评论、谈论on/upon）n. 评论、意见about outstanding（adj.突出的，杰出的，卓越的）-- Our headmaster is an outstanding youth.（n.年轻人, 青少年）Distinguished（adj. 杰出的, 卓越的, 不同非凡的）(非常成功且令人钦佩的) ~ physicist [‘f?z?s?st] Eminent（adj. 显赫的, 杰出的, 有名的, 优良的）[‘em?n?nt] (尤指在某一行业、专业领域中颇有名气的) Distinguished和eminent是同义词（都是用来修饰严肃领域的人） -- a distinguished physicist（n.物理学家）, an eminent surgeon（n.外科医生） famous adj.著名的（普通用词，可用于人或物，指声名广为人知且持续很久的，名气大，有名） -- He is a famous movie star. / Luxun is famous for his articles. flagrant [?fle?ɡr?nt] adj. 公然的，明目张胆的八级 very shocking because it is done in a way that is easily noticed and shows no respect 公然的，恬不知耻的flagrant cheating 公然欺骗flagrant abuse 公开侮辱flagrant violation 公然践踏 full-time a. 专职的（a&ad全职的(工作、学习)，专职的；全日制的；全部时间的） full-time job 专职工作，全天工作full-time student 全日制学生；全职学生，脱产学生 part-time a&ad 部分时间的; 兼职的 technician n 技师（n.技术员，技术人员someone whose job involves skilled practical work with scientific equipment,；技巧纯熟的人is very good at the detailed technical aspects of an activity） maintenance technician 修理行业的技术人员 laboratory technician 化验员；实验室技师lab technician 实验室技术员；实验技师 engineering technician 工程技术员computer technician 计算机技术人员 “某种职业、地位或特征的人”civilian n. 平民civil 公民的comedian n. 喜剧演员comedy 喜剧mathematician数学家electrician n. 电工historian n. 历史学家politician n. 政客 表形容词，“…国的；…地方的，某人的或某宗教的”Arabian adj. 阿拉伯（人）的Arab 阿拉伯人Canadian adj. 加拿大（人）的Egyptian adj. 埃及（人）的Christian adj. 基督教（徒）的technique 多指具体的某种技术和技巧。表示“技术”，是针对方法和技巧而言的，所以它通常可译为“技艺”或“技巧”等，尤其指音乐、艺术、体育、写作等方面的“技巧”。视含义的具体与抽象可用作可数或不可数名词。手法
智翔教育学员个性化辅导教案
你晚上经常做梦吗？ （2）梦想；幻想： She dreamed that one day she would be as free as a bird 她幻想着有一天自己能像鸟儿那般自由。 I once dreamed of becoming a famous doctor. 我曾一度梦想着成为一位闻名的医生。 （3）出神；心不在焉；空想： Don't dream away your life! 不要在想入非非中虚度你的人生。 Sorry, I didn't see the sign. I must have been dreaming. 对不起，我没看见那牌子。我一定是思想开小差了。 3．wave v. （1）招手；挥手示意： He waved us quiet. 他挥手要我们别出声。 She waved me goodbye. 她向我挥手离别。 （2）起伏；飘动： The flag is waving in the wind. 旗帜正在风中飘扬。 She was attracted by the waving sea. 她被那汹涌起伏的大海吸引。 二.Grammar 表示猜测和推断的情态助动词must和can't must与can't不仅能表达对现在和将来的猜测和推断，而且能表达对过去的猜测和推断——这时可用 must have been表示肯定的推断，用can't have been（而不是mustn't have been）来表示否定的推断，如后面跟进行时则表示对过去正在进行的动作的猜测。 You must have been driving at seventy miles an hour.
Lesson5 Nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 一、教学任务：Back vowels & special question，特殊疑问句，及小词Nice to meet you. 二、教学目标： 1. 学生掌握特殊疑问句的结构及常用疑问词 2. 会使用This is来介绍他人 3. 掌握后元音的读音 三、教学重点：后元音和特殊疑问句 四、教学难点：特殊疑问词的掌握 五、教学过程： 1. Review the Phonetic alphabet 2. Back V owels <发音时舌后部抬起的音叫后元音> [a:]小汽车car --- 带读--- 点线面---ask字母ar发什么音。 发音规则：嘴巴张得最大，舌身平放后缩，舌尖离开下齿。带读点答 [?] dog 狗--- 带读--- 点线面--- ask字母o发什么音 发音规则：双唇稍稍收圆，舌身尽量降低并后缩（不要突出）带读点答 [?:]ball球---带读--- 点线面--- ask字母al发什么音。 发音规则：舌后部抬得比[?]略高，双唇也收的更圆更小，并向前突出。带读点答 [?]book书---带读---点线面--- ask字母oo发什么音。 发音规则：发音时舌后部抬起，边发音边把下嘴唇往回收。带读点答 [u:]blue 蓝色的---带读--- 点线面--- ask字母u发什么音。 发音规则：发音时舌后部抬的比[u]高，双唇收的比[u]更圆更小。带读点答 A.呈现：---汽车how to say?(car)---letter ‘ar’ how to pronounce?( [a:])<带读,点读,教发音规则,做手势> ---狗how to say?(dog)--- the last le tter ‘o’ how to pronounce?( [?])<带读,点读,教发音规则,做手势> ---球how to say?(ball)---letter ‘al’ how to say?( [?:])<带读，点读><教发音规则,做手势> ---书how to say?(book)---letter ‘oo’ how to say?( [?])<带读，点读><教发音规则,做手势> ---蓝色的how to say?(blue)---letter ‘u’ how to say?( [u:])<带读，点读><教发音规则,做手势> B.总结：---这几个音都是？音（元音）--- Why? (气流没有受到嘴巴的阻碍) ---T: Read the vowels together, what’s the common ground? How about our tongue? (都是舌头后部需要隆起) --- Great, so who can give them a name? (后元音) --- Wonderful, tell me, what is back vowel? (舌头后部隆起的 元音叫后元音)--- I will have a check, 读对几个加几分 C. Word: 拼读---拼写---过关 morning ['m?:n??]早晨student['stju:d?nt,]学生German['d??:m?n]德国人 T: How many vowels, how many syllables(有多少元音就有多少音节) ---Look at this word, How many vowels? (Two) ---How many syllables? (Two) --- What is the first vowel? ([?:]) --- What is the second vowel? ([?]) ---
Lesson one Excuse me 一：教学重点、难点 教学重点： 1．Excuse me 的语言功能项目使用 2．一般疑问句的变化规则 教学难点： be动词的使用规则 二：教具准备： 手提包一个、单词卡片、人称代词的单词卡片、铅笔、书包、尺子、钢笔等图片三：教学时间：（ 90 ）分钟 四：教学目标： 从知识、能力、非智力因素三方面定位教学目标 *使学生理解并能灵活运用句型 Is this your handbag? *使学生进一步复习和巩固所学过的单词 school ball book bag eraser ruler *引导学生积极运用所学英语进行表达与交流，培养学生的英语口头表达能力和运用英语的能力(口语表达设计) 1. How old are you ? A. I’m fine 2. What’s the weather like? B. I’m thirteen 3. How are you ? C. How do you do? 4. How do you do? D. It’s fine. Excuse me，What time is it? 劳驾，请问几点了? 在口语中，Excuse me的使用场合，常用于要走开、插话、问路或表示异议等场合，I’m sorry表示自己有过失，用于道歉． e．g．（1）Excuse me，just a minute．对不起，请等一下． （2）Excuse me for interrupting you．请原谅，打扰你(们)了． （3）Excuse me，but can I go out for a minute?对不起，我能出去一下吗? （4）I’m sorry，I’m late. 对不起，我迟到了． *使学生通过参与活动，学会与他人合作，共同完成学习任务，从而体验成功，培养学生的观察能力。(课堂活动设计) ①呈现活动：实物或图片式。利用实物手提包呈现新的语言项目直接在学生大脑里建立完整的联系，不必在用母语去作过多的讲解。 ②表演式。同样的内容实际交谈比听录音更容易理解。这是因为在实际交谈中，讲话者的身体语言帮助了我们对口头语言的理解。因此，教师要以一个表演者的身份去“演戏”，要让自己的表演（包括语言、表情、动作）去感染学生，同时还要让他们入“戏”，去表演、去说话。
Lesson 7 Are you a teacher? 教学内容： 1．New words: nationality, job, name, keyboard, operator, engineer. 2．New sentence pattern: Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. \ No, I am not. 教学目标： 1．掌握新单词和新句型的用法，并能再现实生活中灵活恰当的运用。 2．培养学生用英语与他人交际的能力。 教学过程： 1．Warm-up a.greeting and free talk b.review the learnt words 2.Presentation a.教授新单词nationality 询问对方来自哪里：Where are you come from? What nationality are you? What’s your nationality? b.看图说话 解决新单词：keyboard, operator, engineer c.跟读课文对话 d.与搭档练习对话并表演 3.Production Play a game “ make new friends” 假设同学们和搭档是初次见面，每组学生自编对话来了解对方情况，然后在讲台上表演，选出“最佳演员”大奖。
4.Homework and assessments 对学生表现作出肯定评价并鼓励学生继续进步 家作：抄写新单词四遍 记新单词准备听写 熟读课文并背诵 Lesson 8 what’s your job? 教学内容： 1.New words: policeman, policewoman, taxi driver, air hostess, postman, nurse, mechanic, hairdresser, housewife, milkman. 2.New sentence pattern: What’s your job? I am a policeman. 教学目标： 1.掌握新单词和新句型的用法，并能再现实生活中灵活恰当的运用。 2.培养学生用英语与他人交际的能力。 教学过程： 1. Warm-up c.greeting and free talk d.review the learnt words 2. Presentation a.看图说话 解决新单词：policeman, policewoman, taxi driver, air hostess, postman, nurse, mechanic, hairdresser, housewife, milkman.
第一项Warming-up “今天给大家分享一个小故事，看哪位同学能明白其中的意思。认真听哦！ let ’ s begin now. ” 故事： Yesterday morning, I went to work as usual.〔教师大步向前走〕做出去上班 的样子〕 Suddenly, I met a crowd of people〔. 好奇〕 I felt very curious, I wanted to know what had happened. So I ran to the people and said: “ Excuse me , excuse me! Let me in, this is my sister〔.拨开人群〕 When I rushed into the crowds, oh, my god! 〔惊讶〕 --- A dead dog lied down on the ground. 〔不知所措〕 第二项听对话并回答问题 课堂过渡：“OK! 我们一起回顾一下，刚刚那个女孩想冲进人群的时候是如何 表达的呢？〔提问〕 Ss：“Excuse me”T: yes！那么今天我们会在一起学习的内容就和“Excuse me”有关。 Now, open your books! And there are 4 pictures. I will ask you some questions: 1、How many people are there in the pictures? A：two people, a man and a woman [在老师的引导下进行回答 ] 2、Why does the man call the woman?A: The woman ’ s ndbagha is lost. 3、Whose handbag is it?A: the woman’ s handbag. 那么现在我们一起来看看：what happened to the man and the woman?他们之间 究竟发生了什么事情呢？“ [通过问题让学生了解课文的基本内容；提出问题，引发一起寻找答案的兴趣。 第三项挂图说明，课文讲解并背诵 S1: Excuse me! ⅰ跟读并注意发音，浊化/gju/. 图标解释 There is an“ACTION” sign. The conversation is started with the sign. T: “the man wants talk to the woman. What does he say?” Ss:“ Excuse me ”! ※这里同样用了“Excuseme”!现在总结一下，我们已经知道两种情况可以用 到“Excuse me”! 场景一： Excuse me, sir, will you tell me the way to Only school?劳驾，你可 以告诉我去昂立的路吗 ?
题目：《新概念英语》第三册第三十课教案及说课提纲 题目：Teaching Plan and Teaching Presentation for Lesson 30 in New Concept English (Book 3) Teaching Plan Teaching content： Lesson 30 the Death of a Ghost, New Concept English (Book 3) Teaching length： 1 hour I. Teaching objectives： A.Knowledge objective: 1. to guide Ss to learn the new words and phrases in the text and to help Ss to analyze some difficult sentence patterns. 2. to guide Ss to comprehend the main idea of the text. B.Ability objective: 1. to teach Ss how to scan and ski and how to guess the meaning of new words from the context. 2. to cultivate the ability of imagination and critical thinking. C.Moral objective: 1. to edify Ss to think about responsibility. To make sure that Ss understand that one should be responsible to both his country and his family. 2. to guide Ss to believe science rather than ghosts or supernatural
新概念英语第三册教案-Lesson1-2
Lesson 01 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮 Part One: New words and expression 生词和短语 1、puma n.美洲狮a large cat-like animal lion, tiger, leopard豹, jaguar美洲虎, cougar美洲豹, cheetah 猎豹, lynx大山猫, panther黑豹 2、spot v.看出, 发现 to see or find sth with difficulty不易察觉 = see, pick out, recognize, catch sight of 强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发现 同意词：-- find：强调发现的结果/ find out：查出事实真相-- discover：做出重大发现/ notice：注意到 -- observe：观察/ watch：观察活动中的人或画面observe: to see and notice sth(正式) 观察，观测 discover: to find sth already in existence recognize: to figure out sth/sb known already detect: to disclose sth hidden or in disguise 探测 explore: to examine sth thoroughly in order to test of find about it Internet Explorer Spot 点，斑点 a beauty spot, solar spot, -- There is a white spot on the shirt. spotlight, be in the spotlight Tom Cruse is in the spotlight in American film industry. A leopard will not change its spot. 江山易改，本性难移 on the spot有两个含义： 1> 立刻, 马上（at once, immediately）-- Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.
新概念英语 3L e s s o n1课文及笔 记
Lesson1A puma at large Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered（adj.被困得 走投无路的）. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of 'cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from ? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. 美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。可是，随着 证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到 过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小 村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时的看见“一只大猫”，离她仅5码 远，她刚看见它，它就立刻逃走了。专家证实，美洲狮非被逼得走投无路，是 决不会伤人的。事实上搜寻工作很困难，因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。无论它走哪儿，一路上总会留 下一串死鹿及死兔子之类的小动物，在许多地方看见爪印，灌木丛中发现了粘 在上面的美洲狮毛。有人抱怨说夜里听见“像猫一样的叫声”；一位商人去钓 鱼，看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮， 但它是从哪儿来的呢？由于全国动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮，因此那只美 洲狮一定是某位私人收藏豢养的，不知怎么设法逃出来了。搜寻工作进行了好 几个星期，但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野 兽继续逍遥流窜，真令人担心。 单词： puma ['pju:m?] n.美洲狮 spot [sp?t] v.看出，发现 evidence ['evid?ns] n.证据
Lesson 1 Excuse me! 教学重点 1、辨析：Excuse me.和I’m sorry.的用法区别。 2、代词：人称代词和物主代词总表、主格和宾格的区别、四个指示代词、代词与be动词的使用搭配及其缩写形式。 3、语气：陈述句变一般疑问句，及其肯定回答。 4、句型：-Is this your…? -Yes, it is. 教学步骤 1、引入话题。 2、让学生描述图片，中英结合。 3、听一遍音频，掌握大意。 4、生词解读，纠正发音（详见课本）。 5、提出问题：Whose handbag is it? 看一遍视频，解答问题。 6、精讲课文，板书和笔记。 7、再听一遍音频，逐句跟读。 8、总结本课重点，让学生标注。 9、布置作业：练习册，背课文和单词。 引入话题： Ok, I have a question. 我有一个问题，看看谁能回答上来。有谁注意到我刚进门的时候说的第一句话了么？What is it? 哪句话？No one? 没有人注意么？啊，我说的第一句话是：Excuse me, may I have your attention, please? Let’s hav e our class. 对不起，请大家注意，我们要上课了。这里的第一句话：Excuse me就是我们新概念英语第一课的标题，那么我们今天要讲的这则小故事到底是什么呢？Well, today’s story is about a handbag. 啊，今天我们来讲一个关于手提包的故事。Ok, now, please open your books and turn to page one. 请大家打开书翻到第1页。Look at here, there are many pictures, right? 啊，这里有许多图片。So, how many pictures are there, who can tell me? 谁能告诉我有几幅图？Yes, very good, seven pictures. So, who can describe the pictures for us? 谁能给我们描述一下这些图片呢？What can you see in these pictures? 从这些图片中你能看到什么？Guess what happened? 猜猜究竟发生了什么？Ok, now, close your books and listen to the audio. 好，下面请大家合上课本，只听录音。Try to understand the main idea of the story. 试试你能不能听得懂，看看刚才我们猜的故事到底对不对，Ok? 【New words and expressions】 ★Excuse me. 1、引起对方注意时 2、常用于与陌生人搭话，打断别人的说话或从别人身边挤过，或在某个聚会中突然中途要离开一会儿时。在课文中，男士为了吸引女士的注意而用了这个表示客套的短语。 ★Pardon?