新概念英语第三册笔记第42课上课教案
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Lesson 42 Modern cavemen
一、单词讲解 New words and expressions
caveman n 洞穴人( 穴居人 )
cave n.洞穴( 天然的 ) caveman n. (远古)洞穴人 a man living in a cave thousands of years ago
cavern ['k?v( ?)n] n. 大洞穴,大山洞 a large cave
cavity ['k?v ?t?] n.洞,腔( 正式的医学术语 );(龋齿的)洞
pothole ['p?th??l] n.锅穴(冰原),壶穴(河床) (地质)
potholing n.洞穴探险(运动)
potholer n.洞穴探险者
solitude ['s?l?tju:d] n.孤独、寂寞( 2.独处)( enjoying being alone, being without companions )六级罕见
live in solitude 独自(居住)生活
isolation n.隔离、孤立(不情愿地,被动 )( a feeling of being lonely and unable to meet or speak to other people )
eg. Retirement can often cause feeling of isolation.
seclusion [s?'klu: ?(?)n] n. 隔离( 主动,隔离室等 );隐居、与世隔绝独处( 刻意 )
eg. The Emperor lived in seclusion behind the walls of the Forbidden City.
Recluse [r ?'klu:s] n.隐士 n. 隐士;隐居者 adj. 隐居的
远离【世界】,过着【隔绝】生活, “常常 ”是【独处】。 - 不一定是【宗 ·教·信·仰】的原因,不一定是独处
(也许是小群体的与世隔绝的生活) ; recluse 的第 2 个含义,才是指修行者,和上面 hermit 同。
reclusive [r?'klu?s?v] adj. 隐居的;隐遁的
hermit ['h??m?t] n. (尤指宗教原因的)隐士,隐居者;蜂鸟
强调的是远离【社会】 ,因【宗·教·信·仰】而【独处】的修行的人。
还有些小的区别: recluse 只用于人 ,而 hermit 可指动物的独居习性 ;
lure [l(j) ??] v 引诱,诱惑 ( n. 诱惑; 饵;诱惑物 vt. 诱惑;引诱;引怪(游戏术语) )
potholer n.洞穴探险者
rambler ['r?mbl ?] 漫步者,散步者 ( n. 漫步者,漫谈者;攀缘蔷薇)
stroll [str ??l] n.溜达 , 散步( = slow walking for pleasure in street or in garden )指不慌不忙地溜达
go for a stroll = go for a walk, take a stroll = take a walk
-- He is strolling along the road.
Stroller n.散步者 , 流浪者
Ramble [ ‘r?mbl] v. 海岸、林中的漫步 -- The couple are rambling in the forest. [ 英 ] 漫步, 尤指为消遣而在乡间闲逛
Roam [r ??m] v. 不安定的漂泊 (徜徉;闲逛 ;漫步 to walk or travel around an area without any definite aim or
direction )常指 长时间没有目的或方向地游荡 。
W ander ['w ?nd?] vi. 漫步 , 徘徊 , 流浪 , 彷徨 , 无目的地移动
1、 to walk slowly around or to a place, often without any particular sense of purpose or direction
2、 [V] ~ (away, back, to, etc. sth)(of a person's mind or thoughts 人的思想或想法 ) 走神;神志恍惚; (思想)开小差 to stop being directed on sth and to move without much control to other ideas,
3、[V] ~ (away/off) | ~ (from/off sth )偏离(正道);走失;离散 to move away from the place where you ought to be or the people you are with
同义词: stray
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undertaking n 任务,工作
undertake v.承担,着手做
undertake to do 1、开始做 you start doing it and accept responsibility for it
2、承诺做 you promise that you will do it.
--He undertook to inform everyone concerned. --We undertake a investigation.
承担,着手做:
start to do sth take off doing sthbe engaged in sth(参与, 从事于, 忙于) set out to do set about doing
undertaking n.事业,工作(正在着手做的事)
Assignment (工作中的)任务,作业 on an assignment 去执行公务 assign 分配,指派
mi ssion 使命 Mission Impossible 谍中谍
foresight ['f? :sa?t] n 预见,深谋远虑
foresee 预见 forecast 预测,预报 predict 预计 expect 期望,预计
Fore 前缀表示 1、前部的(空间) ,前面的(时间) 2、预先
1、 forehead forearm 前臂 forefinger 食指 foreword 前言(写在〔书〕前面的话 → 前言)
Forerunner 先驱,先兆 forefather 祖先 foresight 远见
2、 foresee forecast foretell fore stall 阻止( 预先制止 )
foretell [f ?:'tel] v 预言 名词的预测一般用 prediction prophecy ['pr ?f?s? ] n. 预言;
allegory ['?l ?g(?)r?] 寓言(讽寓)
fable ['fe ?b(?)l] ( n. 寓言;无稽之谈 vi. 编寓言;虚构 vt. 煞有介事地讲述;虚构 )
foretell 一般的通俗用语,往往指根据客观因素做出的预告,强调预先要发生的事。
forecast 指对未来事件的预报、推测或设想,侧重最终可能出现的结果。
predict 较正常的正式用词, 通常用于人。 指根据事实或自然规律进行推断后作出预告, 隐含有科学的准确
性。
foresee 指提前、预先料到将要发生的事或指对未发生的事情形成一种概念或判断
chasm ['k?z( ?)m] n. 断层,裂缝,陷坑 ( n. 峡谷;裂口;分歧;深坑 )
a rope bridge across the chasm 横跨裂缝的绳索桥
n.分歧,不同 ,裂痕 (a big difference between the opinions, experience, ways of life )
a deep political chasm between these two countries 两个国家间的很大的政治分歧
flaw [fl ?:] n.瑕疵,小裂缝,小错,弱点;裂缝,裂纹 vt&vi . 使生裂缝,使有裂纹;使无效;使有缺陷
( a mistake, mark or weakness that makes something imperfect ) 事物表面的裂纹,引申出瑕疵,缺陷
fatal flaw 致命的弱点
cleft [kleft] n.裂缝,裂口( 自然形成 )((尤指岩石、地表的)裂缝;额头(或下巴)中间的竖缝; (身体)
V 字形凹陷) a natural crack in the surface of rocks or the earth etc.
a sharp cleft between rich and poor 贫富之间的巨大差异
cleavage ['kli:v ?d?] n. (劈裂的 )裂痕,不同意见 ( n. 劈开,分裂; [ 晶体 ] 解理; [胚 ] 卵裂)
a sharp cleavage in the attitudes towards education 关于教育的截然不同的意见
cleave 1、劈开 [文学性 ] 2、cleave to 坚忠于 [正式 ]
fissure n. 裂缝,(尤指岩石上的) 裂沟;分歧 v.(使)裂开, 分裂( a deep crack, especially in rock or earth )
crack n.(一个)开口,缝隙 ( 1、使⋯破裂 ; 破裂 2、使⋯噼啪作响 ; 发出辟裂声 3、撞击 4、叩开(壳鸡蛋) 5、破解难题,密码等) 最普通的用词
eg. She opened the door a crack and slipped in.
crevice ['krev ?s] n. (岩石上的) 细小裂缝 ( a narrow crack , especially in rock )
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gap n. 间隙;缺口;差距;分歧 ( an empty space between two objects) 强调空间
the generation gap 代沟
eg. There is wide gap in my knowledge of history. 我历史知识十分缺乏。
distinguished adj.杰出的、著名的(学术上、领域知名的)
very successful and respected; well known; remarkable
eg. A distinguished scientist won The Nobel Prize.
a tall, distinguished-looking man 一个高个,相貌非凡的男子
unremarkable remarkably remark vt 谈到、说起(正式评论、谈论 on/upon) n. 评论、意见 about
outstanding( adj.突出的,杰出的,卓越的) -- Our headmaster is an outstanding youth. ( n.年轻人 , 青少年)
Distinguished ( adj. 杰出的 , 卓越的 , 不同非凡的) (非常成功且令人钦佩的 ) ~ physicist [ ‘f?z?s?st]
Eminent ( adj. 显赫的 , 杰出的 , 有名的 , 优良的) [‘em?n?nt] (尤指在某一行业、专业领域中颇有名气的 )
Distinguished 和 eminent 是同义词 (都是用来修饰 严肃领域 的人)
-- a distinguished physicist ( n.物理学家) , an eminent surgeon( n.外科医生)
-- an eminent judge ( n.法官) , a distinguished lawyer ( n.律师)
noted adj. 显著的、值得注意的;著名的 well-known to receive a lot of public attention
a noted restaurant 一个远近闻名的餐馆
celebrated ['sel?bre?t?d] adj. most-talked about , famous 著名的 (非常偏,专业四级 )
a celebrated case 人尽皆知的案例 celebrity [s?'lebr ?t?] (尤指娱乐界的 ) 名人,明星
illustrious [ ?'l?str??s] adj. 极为杰出的,著名的( 一般指人 )
(famous and admired because of what you have achieved in the past, greatly distinguished; celebrated)
an illustrious book an illustrious name
renow ned [r?’na?nd] adj.某人或某事 /地以其独特的品质、个性而 闻名
be ~ (as/for sth)有名的;闻名的;受尊敬的famous and respected
-- Hangzhou is renowned for its beautiful scenery. ( n.风景 , 景色)
notorious adj.臭名 远扬的( famous widely known for sth bad )
a notorious gangster 恶名昭彰的歹徒
infamous adj.身名 狼藉的( = Notorious )
Everest: the highest mountain in the Himalayas , on the border between Tibet and Nepal [n??p??l]
eg. AIDS researchers have made some progress, but they still have an Everest to climb .
wade [we?d] v 涉水、蹚水(或泥) (vi. 跋涉 vt. 涉水;费力行走 n. 跋涉;可涉水而过的地方 )
介词一般用 through 或者 across
wade through 引申出: 费时费力地啃读
waterfall 瀑布
downfall 垮台 snowfall 暴雪
gear 一套用具
之前学的是档位,挂挡是 go into
inflatable [?n'fle ?t?b(?)l] 可充气的 (膨胀的;引申出“得意的” ) pneumatic pneumonia
an inflatable rubber dingy an inflatable mattress
inflate v.
1) to fill sth with air 充气 V-T/V-I 使充气;充气
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