基于计算机软件开发技术的应用中英文对照
Based on the application of computer software development technology. In both Chinese and English
21世纪是计算机化、信息化的时代，在这个时代，计算机网络成为信息传输媒介，软件开发技术成为计算机未来发展的导向。为了满足计算机网络对软件不断增多的需求，软件开发技术必须不断发展，才能为构建完善的计算机网络系统提供可能。
21st century is the age of computerized, informationization, in this day and age, become a medium of information transmission, computer network technology become a guide for the future development of the computer software development. In order to meet the growing demand to the software, computer network software development technology must continue to grow, to build complete computer network system to provide the possibility.
1 计算机软件开发技术概述
1 summary of computer software development technology
计算机软件主要指系统软件、应用软件。系统软件是监控、管理和维护计算机的软件，比如操作系统和自检程序等。而应用软件则是解决用户具体问题的软件，比如人事管理软件和学习管理软件等等。不管是系统软件还是应用软件，都为用户提供了利用计算机代替或简化一种计算机的工作环境，对于用户来说，接触计算机其实是接触计算机软件。早在20世纪五六十年代，计算机软件的开发多是手工方式，这种软件开发技术不仅出错率较高、生产效率低下，而且不能满足软件生产需要。随着商品化、大型化软件的开发，人们意识到计算机软件的开发需要规范的文档来确保程序设计、调试和运行。到了20世纪八十年代，人们将软件工程定义为：实现计算机程序功能采取的规则、方法及与之相关联的文档和在计算机上运行程序所需的数据都是计算机软件。
Computer software refers to the system software, application software. System software is to monitor, management and maintenance of computer software, such as operating system and the self-inspection program, etc. And the application software is the software to solve the problem of user specific, such as personnel management software, learning management software and so on. System software and application software, it provides users with using a computer instead of simplify or a computer working environment, for users to contact computer is computer software.
As early as in the fifties and sixties of the 20th century, the development of computer software is a manual approach, the software development technology, not only higher error rate, the production efficiency is low, and cannot meet the needs of the software production. With commercialization, large-scale software development, people realized that the development of computer software specification document is needed to ensure that programming, debugging and running. In the eighty s of the 20th century, people will software engineering is defined as: realize function of rules, methods, and computer program is associated with the document and run on a computer program data is needed for the computer software.
软件工程的发展大体经历了程序设计时代、软件时代和软件工程三个时代。以建筑工程开发为例，可以看出计算机软件开发过程与建筑工程开发有较大的差异。建筑工程开发过程中，设计蓝图设计之后，之后的每一步都不存在回溯的问题，但计算机软件工程在开发的过程中，每一步都有可能经历多次的修改、适应等回溯问题，另外，软件开发成功投入使用后，要考虑到软件运行和维护的问题等等。
The development of software engineering and the programming time experiences three times, era of software and software engineering. Construction engineering development, for example, can be seen that the computer software development and architecture engineering development have bigger difference. Construction engineering development process, design blueprint, after each step did not exist back problems, but the computer software engineering in the development process, each step is likely to experience many of back problems such as to modify, adapt, and software development successfully put into use, want to consider software operation and maintenance problems, and so on.
2 计算机软件开发技术的重要性
2 the importance of computer software development technology
软件开发技术是软件工程较为关键的技术之一，对计算机网络发展有着极大的助推作用，计算机软件开发技术能够促使计算机网络技术的创新，使一些网络支持、远程控制成为可能。软件开发技术的应用使得计算机网络形成开发性、共存性的一种网络模式，对于计算机网络的发展有促进作用。计算机软件开发技术的应用解决了软件开发落后计算机网络需求的问题，随着软件开发技术的不断提高，软件的安全性、可靠性和便捷性也有了较大的提高。上述的计算机软件开发重要性推动了计算机软件开发技术的应用。
Software development technology is one of the key technology of software engineering, has a
great role on the computer network development, computer software development technology innovation can make the computer network technology, make some network support, remote control possible. The application of the software development technology makes computer network development and co-existence of a network model, for the development of computer network has promoting effect. The application of computer software development technology solves the problems of software development lagging behind demand computer network, with the continuous improvement of software development technique, software security, reliability and convenience have greater improvement. The importance of computer software development to promote the application of the computer software development technology.
3 计算机软件开发方法
3. Computer software development method
目前，计算机软件开发方法主要有原型化方法、软件生命周期法和自动形式的系统开发方法三种。原型化方法：软件开发之前要进行严格定义和预说明，要求用户及软件开发人员对系统整体功能及信息需求有全面、深刻、准确的认定。如果用户给出的软件目标不能详尽描述输入处理及输出需求，或者软件开发者不能确定算法效果、系统适用性或未来使用的人机界面形态，此时，适合采用原型化方法进行软件开发设计。软件生命周期法：软件生命周期法从时间角度出发对软件开发、定义、维护等问题分解成若干阶段，每一个节段的开始和结束均有标准。软件生命周期通常由6个时期，也就是6个阶段。自动形式的系统开发方法：这个方法是利用第4代技术[3]中的软件作为开发工具，其要求软件开发者说明软件实现的内容和目标，而不需要说明如何实现，这种开发方法根据系统的要求自动设计和编码。Currently, the main computer software development method with prototyping method, software life cycle method and automatic system in the form of three kinds of development methods. Before prototyping methods: software development must carry on the strict definitions and instructions, required users and software developers to overall system function and information requirements are comprehensive, profound and accurate. If the user is given the target software can't detailed description input processing and output requirements, or software developers cannot determine algorithm effect, system suitability or future use of man-machine interface configuration, at this time, the prototyping method suitable for software development and design. Software life cycle: from the time perspective of the software development life cycle method, definition and maintenance problem down into several stages, the beginning and the end of each
segment are standard. Software life cycle by six times, usually six stages. Automatically in the form of a systems development method: this method is to use the 4th generation technology [3] of the software as a development tool, the request describes the content and goals of software, software developers without the need to explain how to implement, this kind of development method automatically according to the requirement of system design and coding.
4 计算机软件开发技术的应用
The application of the computer software development technology
计算机作为一个工具，计算机软件开发者的存在使为了让计算机能更好地服务于人类，因此计算机软件开发技术要真正实现其应用价值才能被称得上成功。这里我通过一个计算机软件开发实例说明计算机软件开发技术的应用价值。采用两种方式开发两个产品，其中第一个产品是运用VB6.0+Acess、单机版运行模式进行开发设计，第二个产品是运用Web+Xml+ActiveX和高级数据库服务器进行开发设计。现利用两种产品分别安装客户机端，其中，采用第一个产品的话，在客户机可直接安装，因为VB虚拟机和Acess驱动均是微软历史版本，所以系统可自动兼容；采用第二个产品的话，在客户机要安装ActiveX组件，这时，要更改浏览器安全设置，这就要求客户端安装第二个产品的时候需要多个安装步骤。客户端安装成功后，经过一段时间运行，第一种安装方法运行稳定、无问题，若需备份还原数据或修复安装，用户可单独完成，缺点是随着客户端使用时间的增长用户数据越来越多，在客户端运行后期运行速度会下降，这时需要人为转档。而第二种安装方法在安装、运行上受浏览器安全设置或系统操作版本的限制，给用户的使用带来了一定的不便。这两个例子引起软件开发者对问题的认知。计算机作为一种工具，其存在是为了更好地服务于人类，目前，计算机已经成为大众化工具，计算机软件开发者不能要求使用计算机的工作人员都是专业化人才，因此，在计算机软件开发的过程中要根据需求、实际情况进行投入和开发。在计算机软件开发中要本着“以人为本”的理念，体现软件的易用及功能强大。
Computer as a tool, computer software developers is made in order to make computer can better service to human beings, so the computer software development technology to really achieve its application value can be success. Here I pass a computer software development example is given to illustrate the application value of computer software development technology. Adopts two ways of developing two products, one of the first product is using VB6.0 by use + Acess, stand-alone operation pattern development and design, the second product is to use Web + Xml + ActiveX and advanced database server for development and design. Install the client side respectively using
two products now, which USES the first product, the client can be installed directly, because VB Acess and virtual machine drive is Microsoft's version of history, so the system can automatically compatible; Using the second products, the client want to install the ActiveX components, at this time, to change browser security Settings, this requires the client to install the second product requires multiple installation steps. Client after a successful installation, run after a period of time, the first kind of installation method runs stably, no problem, if need to data backup restore or repair the installation, the user can be done separately, the disadvantage is that as the growth of the client using time more and more user data on the client side late running speed will decline, the need to turn archives. On installation, operation and the second installation method restricted by browser security Settings or operating system version, to the user use has brought some inconvenience. These two examples to software developers to the cognition to the problem. Computer as a tool, its existence is for the sake of better service to human beings, at present, the computer has become a popular tool, computer software developers can't require the use of computer staff are professional talents, therefore, in the process of computer software development, actual situation, according to the demand for investment and development. In computer software development based on the concept of "people-oriented", embodies software easy to use and powerful function.
5 结束语
5 conclusion
计算机软件以硬件为载体，是计算机思想的体现，其处理大量的逻辑、信息，为人们提供一种方便、快捷的信息处理手段。在当前这个信息化时代，软件开发技术有极大的应用价值，因此，科学运用计算机和软件开发知识，以期通过较少的投入获取高质量、高效率、满足人们需求的软件产品，对于推动现代化、信息化发展大有裨益。
Computer software to the hardware as the carrier, is the embodiment of the computer thinking, its processing logic and information, provide people with a convenient and quick means of information processing. On the current information age, software development technology has great application value, therefore, using computer science and software development knowledge, in order to get high quality with less investment, high efficiency, meet people's demand for software products, to promote modernization and informatization development.
财务专业术语中英文对照表 英文中文说明 Account Accounting system 会计系统 American Accounting Association 美国会计协会 American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会 Audit 审计 Balance sheet 资产负债表 Bookkeepking 簿记 Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测 Certificate in Internal Auditing 部审计证书 Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书 Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师 Cost accounting 成本会计 External users 外部使用者 Financial accounting 财务会计 Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会 Financial forecast 财务预测 Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则 General-purpose information 通用目的信息 Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室 Income statement 损益表 Institute of Internal Auditors 部审计师协会 Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会 Integrity 整合性 Internal auditing 部审计 Internal control structure 部控制结构 Internal Revenue Service 国收入署 Internal users部使用者 Management accounting 管理会计 Return of investment 投资回报 Return on investment 投资报酬 Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会
《计算机网络》中英文对照 Chapter 1 End system P28 端系统 Modem P29 调制解调器（俗称：猫） Base station P29 基站 Communication link P30 通信链路 Physical media P30 物理介质 Coaxial cable P30 同轴电缆 Fiber optics P30 光纤 Radio spectrum P30 射频频谱 Transmission rate P30 传输速率 Packets P30 （数据）包，或分组 Routers P30 路由器 Link-layer switches P30 链路层交换机 Path P30 路径 ISP (Internet Service Provider) P30 网络服务提供商 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) P31 传输控制协议 IP ( Internet Protocol) P31 网际协议 Intranets P31 内网 API (Application Programming Interface) P32 应用程序编程接口Network edge P35 网络边缘 Access Networks P38 接入网 Ethernet P42 以太网 Network core P48 网络核心 Circuit Switching P50 电路转换 Packet Switching 分组交换 FDM (frequency-division multiplexing) P50 频分多路复用 TDM (time-division multiplexing) P50 时分多路复用 Statistical Multiplexing 统计复用 Store-and-forward 存储转发 Queuing delays P53 排队延迟 Transmission delay P60 传输延迟，或发送延迟 Propagation delay P60 传播延迟 Throughput P59 吞吐量 Internet backbone P57 骨干网 Delay P59 延迟，或时延 Loss P59 丢包 Packet-Switched Network P59 分组交换网络 Nodal processing delay P60 节点处理延迟 End-to-end delay P66 端到端延迟 Instantaneous throughput P68 瞬时吞吐量
透镜系列术语中英文对照 单透镜 Simple (Single) Lenses 球透镜 Ball Lenses 歪像透镜 Anamorphic Lenses 圆锥透镜 Conical Lenses 柱状透镜，环形透镜 Cylindrical & Toroidal Lenses 非球面透镜 Aspheric Lenses 反射折射透镜 Catadioptric Lenses 绕射极限透镜 Diffraction-Limited Lenses GRIN透镜 GRIN Lenses (Graduated Refractive Index Rod) 微小透镜阵列 Micro Lens Arrays 准直透镜 Collimator Lenses 聚光透镜 Condenser Lenses 多影像透镜 Multiple Image Lenses 傅利叶透镜 Fourier Lenses 菲涅尔透镜 Fresnel Lenses 替续透镜 Relay Lenses 大口径透镜(直径150mm以上) Large Aperture Lenses (150mm) 复合透镜 Complex Lenses 红外线透镜 Infrared Lenses 紫外线透镜 Ultraviolet Lenses 激光透镜 Laser Lenses 望远镜对物镜 Telescope Objectives Lenses 显微镜对物镜 Microscope Objectives Lenses 接目镜 Eyepieces Lenses 向场透镜 Field Lenses 望远镜头 Telephoto Lenses 广角镜头 Wide Angle Lenses 可变焦伸缩镜头 Variable Focal Length Zoom Lenses CCTV镜头 CCTV Lenses 影印机镜头 Copy Machine Lenses 传真机镜头 Facsimile Lenses 条码扫描器镜头 Bar Code Scanner Lenses
Back-door listing 借壳上市 Back-end load 撤离费；后收费用 Back office 后勤办公室 Back to back FX agreement 背靠背外汇协议 Balance of payments 国际收支平衡；收支结余 Balance of trade 贸易平衡 Balance sheet 资产负债表 Balance sheet date 年结日 Balloon maturity 到期大额偿还 Balloon payment 期末大额偿还 Bank, Banker, Banking 银行；银行家；银行业 国际结算银行 Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Bankruptcy 破产 Base day 基准日 Base rate 基准利率 Basel Capital Accord 巴塞尔资本协议 Basis Point (BP) 基点；点子 一个基点等如一个百分点（%）的百分之一。 举例：25个基点=0.25%
Basis swap 基准掉期 Basket of currencies 一揽子货币 Basket warrant 一揽子备兑证 Bear market 熊市；股市行情看淡 Bear position 空仓；空头 Bear raid 疯狂抛售 Bearer 持票人 Bearer stock 不记名股票 Behind-the-scene 未开拓市场 Below par 低于平值 Benchmark 比较基准 Benchmark mortgage pool 按揭贷款基准组合 Beneficiary 受益人 Bermudan option 百慕大期权 百慕大期权介乎美式与欧式之间，持有人有权在到期日前的一个 或多个日期执行期权。 Best practice 最佳做法；典范做法 Beta (Market beta) 贝他(系数)；市场风险指数 Bid 出价；投标价；买盘 指由买方报出表示愿意按此水平买入的一个价格。 Big Band 金融改革 Bill of exchange 汇票 Bills department 押汇部 Binary 二元制；二进法（只有两个可能的结果） Binary option 二元期权 又称数字期权或非全有即全无期权。如果基础工具满足预先确定 的启动条件，二元期权将支付一个固定金额，在其他情形下则不 支付任何收益。 BIS 国际结算银行 (Bank for International Settlements的英文缩写) Blackout period 封锁期 Block trade 大额交易；大宗买卖 Blue chips 蓝筹股
1. 热力学thermodynamics 2. 热源heat source 3. 热力学平衡状态thermodynamic equilibrium state 4. 稳态steady state 5. 非稳态unsteady state 6. 可逆过程reversible process 7. 不可逆过程irreversible process 8. 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics 9. 热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 10. 热力学第三定律third law of thermodynamics 11. 内能internal energy 12. 焓enthalpy 13. 熵entropy 14. 热量heat 15. 理想气体ideal gas 16. 相变change of phase 17. 汽化vaporization 18. 蒸发evaporation 19. 沸腾boiling 20. 沸点boiling point 21. 凝结condensation 22. 饱和状态saturation state
23. 饱和温度saturation temperature 24. 饱和压力saturation pressure 25. 饱和液体saturation liquid 26. 饱和蒸汽saturation vapor 27. 过饱和supersaturation 28. 湿蒸汽wet vapor 29. 过热superheat 30. 过热蒸汽superheated vapor 31. 过热度degree of superheat 32. 过冷subcooling 33. 过冷液体subcooled liquid 34. 气-液混合物liquid-vapor mixture 35. 干度quality 36. 冷凝点condensation point 37. 冷凝液condensate 38. 共沸混合物azeotropic mixture 39. 共沸性azeotropy 40. 共沸点azeotropic point 41. 凝固solidification 42. 熔化fusion 43. 熔点melting point 44. 升华sublimation
第一部分、计算机算法常用术语中英对照 Data Structures 基本数据结构 Dictionaries 字典 Priority Queues 堆 Graph Data Structures 图 Set Data Structures 集合 Kd-Trees 线段树 Numerical Problems 数值问题 Solving Linear Equations 线性方程组 Bandwidth Reduction 带宽压缩 Matrix Multiplication 矩阵乘法 Determinants and Permanents 行列式 Constrained and Unconstrained Optimization 最值问题Linear Programming 线性规划 Random Number Generation 随机数生成 Factoring and Primality Testing 因子分解/质数判定Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic 高精度计算Knapsack Problem 背包问题 Discrete Fourier Transform 离散Fourier变换Combinatorial Problems 组合问题 Sorting 排序
Searching 查找 Median and Selection 中位数 Generating Permutations 排列生成 Generating Subsets 子集生成 Generating Partitions 划分生成 Generating Graphs 图的生成 Calendrical Calculations 日期 Job Scheduling 工程安排 Satisfiability 可满足性 Graph Problems -- polynomial 图论-多项式算法Connected Components 连通分支 Topological Sorting 拓扑排序 Minimum Spanning Tree 最小生成树 Shortest Path 最短路径 Transitive Closure and Reduction 传递闭包Matching 匹配 Eulerian Cycle / Chinese Postman Euler回路/中国邮路Edge and Vertex Connectivity 割边/割点 Network Flow 网络流 Drawing Graphs Nicely 图的描绘 Drawing Trees 树的描绘 Planarity Detection and Embedding 平面性检测和嵌入
金融 资产组合(Portfolio) ：指投资者持有的一组资产。一个资产多元化的投资组合通常会包含股票、债券、货币市场资产、现金以及实物资产如黄金等。 证券投资(Portfolio Investment) ：国际收支中、资本帐下的一个项目，反映资本跨国进行证券投资的情况，与直接投资不同，后者涉及在国外设立公司开展业务，直接参与公司的经营管理。证券投资则一般只是被动地持有股票或债券。 投资组合经理(Portfolio Manager)：替投资者管理资产组合的人，通常获授权在约定规下自由运用资金。共同基金的投资组合经理负责执行投资策略，将资金投资在各类资产上。 头寸(Position) ：就证券投资而言，头寸是指在一项资产上做多(即拥有)或做空(即借入待还)的数量。 总资产收益率(ROTA) ：资产收益率是企业净利润与平均资产总额地百分比，也叫资产回报率（ROA），它是用来衡量每单位资产创造多少净利润的指标。其计算公式为：资产收益率＝净利润/平均资产总额×100%；该指标越高，表明企业资产利用效果越好，说明企业在增加收入和节约资金使用等方面取得了良好的效果，否则相反。 整批交易(Round Lot Trade) ：指按证券和商品在市场最普遍的交易单位(例如100股为一单位)进行的交易。 交易回合(Round Turn)：指在同一市场上通过对两种证券或合约一买一卖，或一卖一买的交易两相抵消。通常在计算手续费时会提及交易回合。 缩略语 有资产担保的证券(ABS) 国际外汇交易商协会(ACI) 现货(Actuals) 亚洲开发银行(ADB) 美国预托证券(ADR) 非洲开发银行(AFDB) 年度股东大会(AGM)
Chemntherapeutic agents 化学疗法 thus xue fiao fa) Chemothcrjipy 化学疔,Z (hija xue Aaa fa) hns the goal of killing or stopping rhe development nf rapidly dividing cells. Examples are Cisplatin, Carboplat in, Bkomycin I 博来霉嗪1 (ftd l3f Sg S-fltinrncjrao 5 氟尿瞪喘(ft/ HiAO m dfinfl), mrthotrExate 甲員媒时{Jia 的 did /ioffk Vincristine fifr chun xJTj/a^, Vinblastine 衣祚碱 (chang chun ;ian}. Taxol and Tawiuvirtn .木戟题(SSfi ben 阳ng 钠* Since the sanK nicchanism (hat kilh malignant cdl or blocks de vela pment of a malignant cell cm have similar effects on a nnrnuil, rap idly dividing celt any of LhcNt agents ciin hax r c btid side clfccts. Some terms of cancer ircitLcd with chemcthera 卩、may cjus,e ihe cancer (o "disappear
离子注入机 ion implanter LSS理论 Lindhand Scharff and Schiott theory 又称“林汉德-斯卡夫-斯高特理论”。 沟道效应 channeling effect 射程分布 range distribution 深度分布 depth distribution 投影射程 projected range 阻止距离 stopping distance 阻止本领 stopping power 标准阻止截面 standard stopping cross section 退火 annealing 激活能 activation energy 等温退火 isothermal annealing 激光退火 laser annealing 应力感生缺陷 stress-induced defect 择优取向 preferred orientation
制版工艺 mask-making technology 图形畸变 pattern distortion 初缩 first minification 精缩 final minification 母版 master mask 铬版 chromium plate 干版 dry plate 乳胶版 emulsion plate 透明版 see-through plate 高分辨率版 high resolution plate, HRP 超微粒干版 plate for ultra-microminiaturization 掩模 mask 掩模对准 mask alignment 对准精度 alignment precision 光刻胶 photoresist 又称“光致抗蚀剂”。 负性光刻胶 negative photoresist
语文课程与教学论 名词术语中英文对照表 the Chinese Course and Teaching and Learning Theory in Chinese and English Teaching materials editing teaching materials /Chinese Teaching Materials /edit teaching materials /Uniformed Chinese Teaching Materials /Experimental Teaching Materials /Mother Tongue Teaching Materials /Teaching Materials of the New Course *textbook *reading book *teaching reference book *exercises book *studying plan Technology /Educational Technology /Modern Educational Technology /Educational Technology in Chinese Teaching /multi-media technology /net technology /cloud serving technology *white board *net meeting *chat room *blog Teaching Basic Theory of the Teaching teaching aim teaching task teaching objective teaching model teaching tactics teaching principle teaching program teaching reform teaching case Courseware teaching resources teaching experiment /mother tongue teaching A Term List of 1. 教材（ JC ） 教材编写 /语文教材 /编写教材 / 统编教材 /实验教材 /母语教材 /新课程教材 * 课本 * 读本 * 教学参考书（教参） * 练习册 *学案 2. 技术（ JS ） / 教育技术 /现代 教育技术 /语文 教育技术 /多媒 体技术 / 网络 技术 /云服务技 术 * 白板 *网 络会议 *聊天室 * 博克 3. 教学 （JX ） 教学基本理论 教学目的 教学 任务 教学目标 教学模式 教学 策略 教学原则 教学大纲 教学 改革 教学案例 教学课件 教学 资源 教学实验 /母语教学
ATM：Asynchronous Transfer Mode异步传输模式 CDMA：Code Division Multiple Access码分多路访问 VPN：Virtual Private Networks虚拟私有网络MAC：Medium Access Control介质访问控制 WWW：World Wide Web万维网GPS: global positioning protocol 全球定位系统DNS：Domain Name System域名系统W AP：wireless application protocol 个域网LAN：Local Area Network局域网VLAN：Virtual Local Area Network虚拟局域网MAN：metropolitan area network 城域网W AN：wild area network 广域网 WLAN: wireless local area network 无线局域网 FDM：Frequency Division Multiplexing，频分多路复用 TDM：Time Division Multiplexing，时分多路复用 OSI/RM: Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model，开放系统互连参考模型 ISO：international standards organization 国际标准化组织 FTP：File Transfer Protocol，文件传输协议 HTTP：Hyper Text Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议 TCP：Transmission Control Protocol，传输控制协议 UDP：User Datagram Protocol，用户数据报协议 SMTP：Simple Mail Transfer Protocol，简单邮件传输协 ICMP：Internet Control Message Protocol，Internet控制消息协议 IGP：Interior Gateway Protocol，内部网关协议IP：Internet Protocol，网络互联协议SONET：Synchronous Optical NETwork，同步光网络 PPP：Point-to-Point Protocol，点到点协议 RTP：Real-time Transport Protocol，实时传输协议 RARP：Reverse Address Resolution Protocol，反向地址解析协议 SAP：Service Access Point，服务访问点 VC：Virtual Circuit，虚电路V oIP：V oice over IP，IP语音 CRC :Cyclic Redundancy Check，循环冗余校验码 Pop: point of present DSL：digital subscriber line
微小透镜阵列Micro Lens Arrays 准直透镜Collimator Lenses 聚光透镜Condenser Lenses 多影像透镜Multiple Image Lenses 傅利叶透镜Fourier Lenses 菲涅尔透镜Fresnel Lenses 替续透镜Relay Lenses 大口径透镜(直径150mm以上) Large Aperture Lenses (150mm) 复合透镜Complex Lenses 红外线透镜Infrared Lenses 紫外线透镜Ultraviolet Lenses 激光透镜Laser Lenses 望远镜对物镜Telescope Objectives Lenses 显微镜对物镜Microscope Objectives Lenses 接目镜Eyepieces Lenses 向场透镜Field Lenses 望远镜头Telephoto Lenses 广角镜头Wide Angle Lenses 可变焦伸缩镜头Variable Focal Length Zoom Lenses CCTV镜头CCTV Lenses 影印机镜头Copy Machine Lenses 传真机镜头Facsimile Lenses 条码扫描器镜头Bar Code Scanner Lenses 影像扫描器镜头Image Scanner Lenses 光碟机读取头透镜Pick-up Head Lenses APS相机镜头APS Camera Lenses 数位相机镜头Digital Still Camera Lenses 液晶投影机镜头Liquid Crystal Projector Lenses 单透镜Simple （Single）Lenses 球透镜Ball Lenses 歪像透镜Anamorphic Lenses 圆锥透镜Conical Lenses
一、损益表INCOME STATEMENT Aggregate income statement 合并损益表 Operating Results 经营业绩 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 财务摘要 Gross revenues 总收入/毛收入 Net revenues 销售收入/净收入 Sales 销售额 Turnover 营业额 Cost of revenues 销售成本 Gross profit 毛利润 Gross margin 毛利率 Other income and gain 其他收入及利得 EBITDA 息、税、折旧、摊销前利润（EBITDA） EBITDA margin EBITDA率 EBITA 息、税、摊销前利润 EBIT 息税前利润/营业利润 Operating income（loss）营业利润/（亏损） Operating profit 营业利润 Operating margin 营业利润率 EBIT margin EBIT率（营业利润率） Profit before disposal of investments 出售投资前利润 Operating expenses: 营业费用： Research and development costs （R&D）研发费用 marketing expensesSelling expenses 销售费用 Cost of revenues 营业成本 Selling Cost 销售成本 Sales and marketing expenses Selling and marketing expenses 销售费用、或销售及市场推广费用 Selling and distribution costs 营销费用/行销费用 General and administrative expenses 管理费用/一般及管理费用 Administrative expenses 管理费用 Operating income（loss）营业利润/（亏损） Profit from operating activities 营业利润/经营活动之利润 Finance costs 财务费用/财务成本 Financial result 财务费用 Finance income 财务收益 Change in fair value of derivative liability associated with Series B convertible redeemable preference shares 可转换可赎回优先股B相关衍生负债公允值变动 Loss on the derivative component of convertible bonds 可換股債券衍生工具之損失Equity loss of affiliates 子公司权益损失 Government grant income 政府补助 Other (expense) / income 其他收入/（费用）
仓库专业术语参考中英 文对照 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
收发存专用的英语大全； 收货组ReceivingTeam； 收货区ReceivingArea； 散装区BulkStorage； 货架区RackStorage； 入库Entry； 入库单"Warehouseentry；"； 收货单ReceivingNote； 收货产品ReceivingProduct； 物品接收时间GoodsReceiveDate；物品数仓库收发存专用的英语大全 收货组ReceivingTeam 收货区ReceivingArea 散装区BulkStorage 货架区RackStorage 入库Entry 入库单"Warehouseentry"
收货单ReceivingNote 收货产品ReceivingProduct 物品接收时间GoodsReceiveDate 物品数量总计GoodsTotalMaterialQuantity重量weight 毛重GrossWeight 净重NetWeight 最大重量MaximumWeight 最小重量MiximumWeight 总计容量TotalCapacity 出库单DeliveryList 拣货PickingGoods 拣货区PickingArea 转储单TransferOrder 检验报告单InspectionDocument 物料清单BillofMaterial 料号PartNumber 电子单据ElectronicsNote
码盘Pallet-Sorting 分拣Picking/Sorting 采购订单PurchaseOrder（PO）手写单HandNote 到货通知ArrivalNotice 报关到货ImportingGoods 检验单InspectionNote 入库扫描EntryScanning 扫描Scan 存货InStock 冻结的BlockedStock 库存Inventory/Stock 库存清单StockList 发货区ShippingArea 发货单Deliverysheet 盘点Count 日盘DailyCount
第一部分计算机算法常用术语中英对照 Data Structures 基本数据结构Dictionaries 字典Priority Queues 堆Graph Data Structures 图Set Data Structures 集合Kd-Trees 线段树Numerical Problems 数值问题Solving Linear Equations 线性方程组Fourier变换Bandwidth Reduction 带宽压缩Matrix Multiplication 矩阵乘法Satisfiability 可满足性Determinants and Permanents 行列式Linear Programming 线性规划Matching 匹配Constrained and Unconstrained Optimization 最值问题Clique 最大团Cryptography 密码Random Number Generation 随机数生成Shortest Path 最短路径recursion递归Factoring and Primality Testing 因子分解/质数判定Searching 查找Sorting 排序Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic 高精度计算Calendrical Calculations 日期 Discrete Fourier Transform 离散Combinatorial Problems 组合问题 Median and Selection 中位数Generating Permutations 排列生成 Generating Subsets 子集生成Generating Partitions 划分生成 Generating Graphs 图的生成Job Scheduling 工程安排 Graph Problems -- polynomial 图论-多项式算法Connected Components 连通分支Topological Sorting 拓扑排序Minimum Spanning Tree 最小生成树Transitive Closure and Reduction 传递闭包Network Flow 网络流 Eulerian Cycle / Chinese Postman Euler回路/中国邮路 Edge and Vertex Connectivity 割边/割点Independent Set 独立集 Drawing Graphs Nicely 图的描绘Drawing Trees 树的描绘 Planarity Detection and Embedding 平面性检测和嵌入Vertex Cover 点覆盖 Graph Problems -- hard 图论-NP问题Traveling Salesman Problem 旅行商问题Hamiltonian Cycle Hamilton回路Graph Partition 图的划分 Vertex Coloring 点染色Edge Coloring 边染色 Graph Isomorphism 同构Steiner Tree Steiner树 Feedback Edge/Vertex Set 最大无环子图Computational Geometry 计算几何 Convex Hull 凸包Triangulation 三角剖分 V oronoi Diagrams V oronoi图Nearest Neighbor Search 最近点对查询Range Search 范围查询Point Location 位置查询 Intersection Detection 碰撞测试Bin Packing 装箱问题 Medial-Axis Transformation 中轴变换Polygon Partitioning 多边形分割Simplifying Polygons 多边形化简Shape Similarity 相似多边形 Motion Planning 运动规划Maintaining Line Arrangements 平面分割Minkowski Sum Minkowski和Set and String Problems 集合与串的问题 Set Cover 集合覆盖Set Packing 集合配置 Approximate String Matching 模糊匹配Text Compression 压缩 DP—Dynamic Programming动态规划Longest Common Substring 最长公共子串Shortest Common Superstring 最短公共父串String Matching 模式匹配 Finite State Machine Minimization 有穷自动机简化
1.现金业务：c a s h b u s i n e s s 2.转账业务：transfer business 3.汇兑业务：currency exchange business 4.委托收款：commission receivables 5.发放贷款：loans 6.贷款收回：loan recovery 7.贷款展期：loan extension 8.办理银行汇票：apply for bank drafts 9.收息：interest 10托收：collection 其他相关： 帐目编号account number 存户depositor 存款单pay-in slip 存款单a deposit form 自动存取机a banding machine 存款deposit 存款收据deposit receipt 私人存款private deposit 存单certificate deposit 存折deposit book 信用卡credit card 本金principal 透支overdrafts overdraw 双签a counter sign 背书to endorse 背书人endorser 兑现to cash 兑付to honor a cheque 拒付to dishonor a cheque 止付to suspend payment 支票cheque ,check 支票本cheque book 记名支票order cheque 不记名支票bearer cheque 横线支票crossed cheque 空白支票blank cheque rubber cheque 空头支票 cheque stub, counterfoil 票根 cash cheque 现金支票 traveler's cheque 旅行支票 cheque for transfer 转帐支票 outstanding cheque 未付支票 canceled cheque 已付支票
常用光学词汇对照(中英) 透镜系列术语中英文对照 单透镜 Simple (Single) Lenses 球透镜 Ball Lenses 歪像透镜 Anamorphic Lenses 圆锥透镜 Conical Lenses 柱状透镜，环形透镜 Cylindrical & Toroidal Lenses 非球面透镜 Aspheric Lenses 反射折射透镜 Catadioptric Lenses 绕射极限透镜 Diffraction-Limited Lenses GRIN透镜 GRIN Lenses (Graduated Refractive Index Rod) 微小透镜阵列 Micro Lens Arrays 准直透镜 Collimator Lenses 聚光透镜 Condenser Lenses 多影像透镜 Multiple Image Lenses 傅利叶透镜 Fourier Lenses 菲涅尔透镜 Fresnel Lenses 替续透镜 Relay Lenses 大口径透镜(直径150mm以上) Large Aperture Lenses (150mm) 复合透镜 Complex Lenses 红外线透镜 Infrared Lenses 紫外线透镜 Ultraviolet Lenses 激光透镜 Laser Lenses 望远镜对物镜 Telescope Objectives Lenses 显微镜对物镜 Microscope Objectives Lenses 接目镜 Eyepieces Lenses 向场透镜 Field Lenses 望远镜头 Telephoto Lenses 广角镜头 Wide Angle Lenses 可变焦伸缩镜头 Variable Focal Length Zoom Lenses CCTV镜头 CCTV Lenses 影印机镜头 Copy Machine Lenses 传真机镜头 Facsimile Lenses 条码扫描器镜头 Bar Code Scanner Lenses 影像扫描器镜头 Image Scanner Lenses 光碟机读取头透镜 Pick-up Head Lenses APS相机镜头 APS Camera Lenses 数位相机镜头 Digital Still Camera Lenses 液晶投影机镜头 Liquid Crystal Projector Lenses 镜面系列术语中英文对照 平面镜 Flat Mirrors 球面凹面镜，球面凸面镜 Spherical Concave and Convex Mirrors 抛物面镜，椭圆面镜 Off-Axis Paraboloids and Ellipsoids Mirrors 非球面镜 Aspheric Mirrors 多面镜 Polygonal Mirrors 热镜 Hot Mirrors 冷镜 Cold Mirrors 玻璃，玻璃/陶瓷面镜 Glass and Glass-Ceramic Mirrors 双色向面镜 Dichroic Mirror 金属面镜 Metal Mirrors