语法复习十九:冠词
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高考英语语法复习词法知识讲解一、名词中英文都有名词,英文名词与中文的主要区别是单数、复数变化。
(一)复数变化英语名词在表示复数时,需要变化。
怎么记呢?第一,先记主要变化,末尾加s。
比如books。
第二,记住哪些加es?1、以s、x、ch、sh结尾,加es。
比如boxes, bushes.为什么?因为加s从读音上无法区分。
不能是buss,而是buses [iz]。
注意:绝大多数特殊变换,都是为了读音方便,以后你会见到这条规律反复出现。
2、y结尾改为ies,比如babies,families。
为什么?因为y是半元音,有时发元音、有时发辅音,不改变形式容易造成读音错误。
(但为什么boys,monkeys又是直接加s呢?因为y前面是元音)3、f结尾改为ves,比如lives,knives。
4、o结尾的单词,一般有生命的加es。
比如heroes,potatoes,buffaloes。
其他直接加s,比如photos,pianos。
第三,不规则变形。
1、fish,sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese单复数同形。
2、oo复数变ee。
比如foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese。
3、man复数变men,比如women,policemen。
4、很不规则的变形:mouse-mice; ox-oxen;child-children。
第四,只有复数。
clothes,trousers,glasses等,只有复数,没有单数。
怎么表示一副眼镜?很简单,一副+眼镜,a pair of glasses。
people、police、cattle等,本身只有复数,表示整体。
当people表示民族、部落时,可以有复数形式,即peoples。
为什么要区分单数复数?英语名词的单复数,决定了后面动词的形态,比如是is还是are,是has还是have。
我们后面讲到“主谓一致”时再详细讲解。
(二)不可数名词单数和复数是针对可数名词。
初中英语冠词复习教案初中英语冠词复习教案一中考对冠词的考查主要为:不定冠词a和an的用法,定冠词the的用法,零冠词的用法,习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。
Ⅰ.冠词的定义冠词是虚词。
通常放在名词之前,用来说明名词所表示的人或事物。
冠词分为不定冠词(a和an)和定冠词(the)两类。
Ⅱ.冠词的用法1.不定冠词a, an的用法(1)泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。
A girl is waiting for you.(2) 不定冠词a 用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前;a useful book; a desk;不定冠词an 用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。
如: an old man; an actor; an “m” 。
(3) 第一次提到某人或某物而非特指时。
如:There is a book on the desk, but the book isn’t mine.(4) 表示人或事物的某一类。
如:An elephant is bigger than a tiger.(5) 用于表时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前,有“ 每一” 的意思,相当every 如: three times a week.(6) 表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。
I have a computer.(7)用在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”I have three books. I want to buya fourth one.(8)可视为一个整体的两个名词前 eg: a knife and fork 一副刀叉(9)用在某些固定词组中:如:have a good time; have a swim ,have acold , half an hour ,a lot(of), after a while , in a hurry , for a long time, a few ,a little ,at a time ,2.定冠词the的用法(1)用来特指某人或某物,双方都知道的人或物的名词前如:Open the door, please.(2) 用于上文提到的某人或某物。
高考英语语法:冠词高考英语语法:冠词20XX年届高考英语语法复习课件冠词高考英语语法:冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a, an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词。
一、不定冠词的用法指一类人或事,相A plane is a machine that 1 can fly. 当于a kind of 第一次提及某人某2 A boy is waiting for you. 物,非特指表示“每一”相当We study eight hours a 3 day. 于every,one 表示“相同”相当 4 We are nearly of an age. 于the same高考英语语法:冠词用于人名前,表示A Mr.Smith came to visit 不认识此人或与某you when you were out. 5 名人有类似性质的That boy is rather a Lei Feng. 人或事a couple of, a bit, once 6 用于固定词组中upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 用于quite,rather, This room is rather a big 7 many,half,what, one. such 之后用于so(as, too, She is as clever a girl as 8 how)+形容词之you can wish to meet. 后高考英语语法:冠词二、定冠词的用法表示某一类人或1 The horse is a useful animal. 物用于世上独一无the universe, the moon, the 2 Pacific Ocean 二的事物名词前表示说话双方都Would you mind opening the 3 了解的或上文提door? 到过的人或事 4 play the violin, play the guitar 用于乐器前面用于形容词和分5 the rich, the living, the wounded 词前表示一类人高考英语语法:冠词6 78 9表示“一家人” 或“夫妇” 用于序数词和形容词、副词比较级、最高级前用于国家、党派等以及江河湖海、山川群岛的名词前用于表示发明物的单数名词前the Greens, the Wangs He is the taller of the two children. the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French The compass was invented in China.高考英语语法:冠词在逢十的复数数10 词之前,指世纪的某个年代用于表示单位的11 名词前用于方位名词,身12 体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前in the 1990’s I hired the car by the hour. He patted me onthe shoulder.高考英语语法:冠词三、零冠词的用法零冠词就是名词前不用冠词,有以下几种情况:专有名词、物质名词、抽象名Beijing University, Jack, 1 China, love, air 词、人名、地名等名词前名词前有this,my,whose, I want this book, not that one./Whose purse is 2 some,no, each, every 等限制this? 时季节、月份、星期、节假日、March, Sunday, National 3 Day, spring 一日三餐前高考英语语法:冠词4 5 6 7 8表示职位、身份、头衔的名词Lincoln was made President of America. 前学科、语言、球类、棋类名词He likes playing football/chess. 前与by 连用表示交通工具的名by train, by air, by land 词前以and 连接的两个相对的名husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 词并用时Horses are useful 表示泛指的复数名词前animals.高考英语语法:冠词四、近四年广东高考语法填空中每年都出现了冠词的考点20XX年: head of the village was tying up his horse to my car the to pull it to ______ small town some 20 kilometres away.a 表示不确指概念,故用不定冠词。
语法填空之冠词距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
冠词是高考语法填空的常考点,经常考查不定冠词a、an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。
解答此类题目时,空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指含义时,要考虑不定冠词a/an;有序数词、最高级、表示特指或特指意义的比较级等形式时,要考虑定冠词the;空处前后的词与冠词构成的固定搭配要牢记。
如何判定填冠词[经典感悟]【例】(2022·全国甲卷)64.____________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.解析:第一步:确定填冠词。
分析句子结构可知,空后有名词friend of his。
第二步:判断特指还是泛指。
根据语境可知,此处表泛指,且friend的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。
107 语法复习十九:冠 词 (一)考纲要求 考纲规定,冠词考查基本用法,包括定冠词与不定冠词,不定冠词a与an的区别;不用冠词的情况;习语中的冠词;特指与泛指等。 (二)命题导向 冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点,几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目,不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法,习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。 (三)基本用法 当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词(即不用冠词)三种。冠词是一种虚词,起限定作用,是最主要最典型的限定词,放在名词(或名词化的形容词分词)前面,说明其所指的人或物。 1、定冠词的基本用法: ① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如:I have bought a book. The book is very useful. ② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如:Close the window, please. ③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。 ④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如:the east, the right. ⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如:the first, the tallest. ⑥ 用于形容词之前,使其名词化。如:the sick, the wounded. ⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如:the United States, the United Nation. ⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如:the Changjiang River, the East Lake. ⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如:The Smiths ⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如:play the piano; play the violin. ⑾ 发明物。如:The compass was invented in China. ⑿ 年代名词前。如:He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. ⒀ 固定词组中。如:in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time 2、不定冠词的基本用法: ① 泛指一个。如:There is a book on the table. ② 指人或事物的某一种类。如:His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea. ③ 指某一个人或事物,但不具体说明。如:My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. ④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前,表示“每一”。如:We have meals three times a day.(我们一天吃三餐。) ⑤ 表示同样的。如:They are of an age.(他们是同岁。) ⑥ 表数量,相当于one,但语意较弱。如:There is a pen and two books on the desk. ⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如:The little girl is a help to her mother. (a hand译"帮手") ⑧ 固定搭配。如:as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word 3、不用冠词的情况: ① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如:Children love cartoons.(儿童喜欢卡通影片。) ② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如:We are studying English. ③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如:I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct. ④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前,一般不用冠词。如:She likes spring most. ⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如:What shall I do next, Mother? ⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如:What did you have for lunch? ⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如:People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. ⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如:She is fond of playing basketball. ⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如:arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牵手); side by side(肩对肩); day and day(日日夜夜); young and old(老老少少); from door to door(挨门挨户); from beginning to end(从头到尾); from morning till night(从早到晚)等。 108
练习(一)、冠 词 1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation(交通设施). A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a 2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door. A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a 3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen. A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a 4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived. A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The 5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American. A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a 6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a 7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every 8. He was absent because he had caught ____. A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold 9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a 10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire. A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a 11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try. A. a B. the C. another D. other 12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English. A. first B. a first C. second D. the second 13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a 14. Tom left Shanghai in ____. A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995 15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the 16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a 17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian. A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s 18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller 19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____. A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano 20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book. A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead 21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder. A. in her B. on her C. in the D. on the 22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety. A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the D. the, / 23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients. A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / D. /, the 24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. / 25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth? A. man B. the man C. a man D. men 26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./ 27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That 28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China. A. the, / B. /, the C. a, / D. /, a 29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a 30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories. A. National Day B. the National Day C. our National Day D. a National Day