绝密★启用前
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语（北京卷）
（本试卷共14页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。）
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用
第一节单项填空
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met more than thirty y ears ago.
A. What’s more
B. That’s to say
C. In other words
D. Believe it or not
答案是D。
1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start
B. have started
C. started
D. had started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago等。
2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
A. Although
B. While
C. If
D. Until
【答案】C
点睛：条件状语从句通常由引导词if或unless引导。条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译作“假如”。
3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel
B. Traveling
C. Having traveled
D. Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。
点睛：动名词是动词-ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A. is working
B. was working
C. has worked
D. had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知，Susan 做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。
5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which
B. who
C. as
D. that
【答案】A
点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share
B. to share
C. having shared
D. shared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。
点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。
7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing
B. have grown
C. will grow
D. had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
点睛：现在完成时可以表示过去的事情对现在的影响，也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的。常见的时间状语有：since + 时间点/从句，for two months，so far，recently，in the past/last few days等。
8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
A. press
B. to press
C. pressing
D. pressed
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。
点睛：祈使句+and/or+陈述句是一种常见结构。当前后两部分间为承接关系时，用and；前后意思为相反关系时，用or。该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将来时态。
9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping
B. have been trapped
C. were trapping
D. had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists 和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。
点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done。
10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used
B. to use
C. using
D. use
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。
点睛：过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。
11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how
B. when
C. where
D. why
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
点睛：表语从句是指一个句子充当表语，通俗的说就是系动词be后面接一个句子。连接表语从句的连接词有that，what，who，when，where，which，why，whether，how等。
12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need
B. should
C. can
D. must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must 必须，肯定。
点睛：can的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，会；2. (表示推测)可能，可能会；3.（表示允许，请求）可以；4.（表示客观可能性）有时会。
13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove
B. would drive
C. were to drive
D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。
点睛：1. 表示对现在的虚拟：if条件句用一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do；
2. 表示对过去的虚拟：if条件句用过去完成时，主句用would/might/could/should+have done；
3. 表示对将来的虚拟：if条件句用were to do/should do/一般过去时，主句用
would/might/could/should+do。
14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for
B. on
C. in
D. at
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。
点睛：make an appointment with sb.和某人预约；make an appointment for为……预约。
15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. what
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。“_________ my father has taught me”是表语从句，该空在从句中做teach的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理”，故该从句应用what引导。D选项正确。引导名词性从句时，how表方式，意为“如何”；which意为“哪一个”，that在只起引导从句的作用，不做成分。
点睛：what是常见的名词性从句引导词之一，它除了引导从句作用之外，还在从句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语。根据不同的语境，what可以表示不同的意思，例如“……的东西
或事情”，“……的人或样子”等。
第二节完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Homeless Hero
For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the ___16___ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith ____17____ more remarkable.
After spotting a ___18___ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the ____19____ to return.
After hours in the cold and wet, he ____20____ inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to ____21____ it contained ￡400 in notes, with another ￡50 in spare change beside it.
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after ____22____ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his collea gue Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth ￡35, 000—in Glasgow city centre, they were
____23____ to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was ____24____.
The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his ____25____.
Mr. Anderson said：＂I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight ____26____ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and
____27____ he didn’t take the wallet for himself；he thought about others ____28____. It’s unbelievable. It just proves there are ___29___ guys out there.＂
Mr. Smith’s act ____30____ much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson ____31____ about the act of kindness on Facebook.
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to ____32____ money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received ￡8,000. ＂I think the faith that everyone has shown ____33____ him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the
street; he’s had job ____34____ and all sorts,＂ Mr. Anderson commented.
For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing ____35____. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.
16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort
17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once
18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel
19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman
20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached
21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe
22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing
23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked
24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen
25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement
26. A. when B. if C. where D. because
27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just
28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead
29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous
30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew
31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard
32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn
33. A. of B. at C. for D. in
34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications
35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge
【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A
25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. D 34.
C 35. C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。文章讲述了流浪汉Tom发现一辆车窗开着的汽车前座上有一个钱包。Tom冒雨等了数个小时，在查找不到车主身份的情况下将钱包交到了警察局。钱包的主人Mr. Anderson在得知一切后，将Tom的善举发布到了Facebook上。Tom的行为引发了人们的好评和帮助。这件事印证了一句俗语：善有善报。
16. 考查名词词义辨析。A. hope希望；B. aim目标；C. urge强烈的欲望，冲动；D. effort努力。上一句提到，对很多人来说，一个装有￡400无人看管的钱包是一种诱惑（它诱惑着人们将其据为己有）。结合该句中的比较级greater可知，对于一个无家可归的人来说，这样的一个钱包是一个更大的诱惑，将其据为己有的欲望会更大。该空对应上一句中的“a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）”，C选项正确。
17. 考查副词词义辨析。A. still仍然；B. even更加，愈发，甚至；C. ever曾经；D. once曾经，一度。所有这一切使得流浪汉Tom Smith的行为更加的不同寻常。even在该句中修饰比较级more remarkable。B选项正确。
18. 考查名词词义辨析。A. wallet钱包；B. bag包；C. box盒子，箱子；D. parcel包裹，包袱。由第三段中的After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID可知，Tom Smith发现一辆汽车的前排座上有一个钱包。当时这辆车停在那儿，窗户摇了下来。A选项正确。
19. 考查名词词义辨析。A. partner同伴，伙伴；B. colleague同事；C. owner主人；D. policeman 警察。Tom冒雨等待车主回来。C选项正确。
20. 考查动词词义辨析。A. turned转动；B. hid藏，隐藏；C. stepped迈步，举步；D. reached 伸手去拿，到达。由后面的pulled the wallet out可知，在雨里等了数个小时后，Tom将手伸进车窗，将钱包拿了出来。D选项正确。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。A. discover发现；B. collect搜集；C. check核对，检查；D. believe 相信。Tom将钱包拿出来企图找到一些身份证明，这样他就能联系司机了，结果他却发现钱包里装着￡400的纸币和￡50的零钱。A选项正确。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。A. taking带走；B. leaving留下，落下，离开；C. reading读；D. writing 写。他拿着钱包去了附近的警察局，在车上留下了一张便条，其目的是让车主知道他的钱包是安全的。B选项正确。
23. 考查形容词词义辨析。A. satisfied满意的；B. excited兴奋的；C. amused被逗乐的；D. shocked震惊的。当车主返回时，发现自己的车边有警察，应该感到很惊讶。故D选项正确。
24. 考查形容词/动词词义辨析。A. safe安全的；B. missing不见的，丢失的；C. found发现，找到；D. seen看见。由该段开头可知，Tom将钱包带去了警察局，因此该处警察告诉John 他的钱包是安全的。A选项正确。
25. 考查名词词义辨析。A. service服务；B. support支持；C. kindness善意，善良；D. encouragement鼓励。Tom将钱包交给警察，没有据为己有，这是一种善举。故C选项正确。
26. 考查状语从句引导词。A. when在……情况下，既然；B. if如果；C. where表地点；D. because 因为。在Tom本来可以偷了钱去支付一个可以睡觉的地方的情况下，他仍然选择了露宿街头（没有偷钱）。所以Mr. Anderson对Tom的行为感到很惊讶。A选项正确。
27. 考查副词词义辨析。A. rather相当；B. yet但是；C. already已经；D. just仅仅。Tom什么都没有，但是他没有拿走钱包。前后两句话之间是转折关系，故B选项正确。
28. 考查副词词义辨析。A. too也；B. though但是；C. again再，又；D. instead代替。Tom 没有拿走钱包，他考虑的是别人，没有考虑自己。D选项正确。
29. 考查形容词词义辨析。A. honest诚实的；B. polite礼貌的；C. rich富有的；D. generous 慷慨的。Tom没有拿走钱包，而是把它交到了警察局，这是一种诚实的行为。A选项正确。
30. 考查动词词义辨析。A. gave给；B. paid支付；C. cast投掷，投射；D. drew吸引。Tom 的行为吸引了公众的关注。D选项正确。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。A. learned学习，学会；B. posted发布，张贴；C. cared关心，在意；
D. heard听到。由后面的Facebook(一个社交网站)可知，在Mr. Anderson将Tom的善举发布到Facebook上之后，Tom赢得了社交媒体使用者的赞扬。B选项正确。
32. 考查动词词义辨析。A. borrow借；B. raise筹集；C. save挽救，节省；D. earn挣（钱）。Mr. Anderson在网上发起一个运动来为Tom和其他无家可归的人筹钱。B选项正确。
33. 考查介词。大家向Tom表示出的信任触动了Tom。faith意为“信任，相信”，常和介词in 搭配，意为“对……的信任，相信……”，故D选项正确。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。A. details细节；B. changes改变；C. offers提供（物），给予（物），提议；D. applications应用，申请。该句应指Tom得到了人们的帮助，人们为他提供工作和其他的东西。C选项正确。
35. 考查名词词义辨析。A. lesson课；B. adventure冒险；C. chance机会；D. challenge挑战。这件事对于流浪汉Tom来说是一个可以改变终生的机会。C选项正确。
点睛：1. 完形填空解题技巧之一：上下联系—寻信息。完形填空中经常会出现前面的信息为后面的空白提供暗示，而后面的信息有可能是前面空白的答案的情况。这时，要联系上下文，寻求信息以确定答案。第18小题，考生可以根据前两句中的“wallet”和第三段中的“wallet”来确定答案。
2. 完形填空解题技巧二：左顾右盼—找搭配。英语中，有些单词词义相近，而句型结构及跟其他词的搭配却截然不同。考生不能单从词义上去辨析，而应审查空白前后的名词、动词、
介词或非谓语动词等，比较与各选项的搭配关系，然后确定答案。在33题中，考生可以根据该空前的faith确定搭配关系。如果考生从show来入手，那么就很困难了。
第二部分：阅读理解
第一节
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
My First Marathon（马拉松）
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was ＂not athletic＂.
The idea that I was ＂not athletic＂ stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.
36. A month before the marathon, the author ____________.
A. was well trained
B. felt scared
C. made up his mind to run
D. lost hope
37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C. To show he was not talented in sports.
D. To share a precious memory.
38. How was the author’s first marathon?
A. He made it.
B. He quit halfway.
C. He got the first prize.
D. He walked to the end.
39. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. A man owes his success to his family support.
B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C. Failure is the mother of success.
D. One is never too old to learn.
【答案】36. C 37. C 38. A 39. B
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。
36. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句Yet, I was determined to go ahead.可知，马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者脚踝受伤使得训练时间缩短，但作者仍下定决心参赛。故选C。
37. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was＂not athletic＂可知，作者提到7年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。故选C。
38. 细节理解题。根据文章第10段I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选A。
39. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂.可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选B。
点睛：文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。
此题中的前三题为细节理解题。细节理解题首先要根据题干准确定位信息句，其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判断，如第一题为转述型，I was determined to go ahead即made up his mind to run。第二题为语义理解题。根据文章第二段的信息In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well.可知，作者没有运动天赋。而第三题则为转述型，根据信息句I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.可知，作者跑完了马拉松，正好与made it 意义相同。
B
Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) Center If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they’re studying in the classroom.
For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of ＂downed＂ pilot.
With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!
For more details, please visit us online at https://www.doczj.com/doc/d916662208.html,.
40. Why do people come to SAC?
A. To experience adventures.
B. To look for jobs in aviation.
C. To get a degree in engineering.
D. To learn more about medicine.
41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .
A. fly to space
B. get an Aviation badge first
C. study the principles of flight
D. build and fire model rockets
42. What is the most important for trainees?
A. Leadership.
B. Team spirit.
C. Task planning.
D. Survival skills.
【答案】40. A 41. D 42. B
【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航中心培训项目的相关信息，包括训练内容、受训者参加的条件和益处等。
40. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be.可知，人们来SAC是为了寻找与众不同的冒险体验，故选A。
41. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world.可知，要想获得太空探险徽章需要建造和发射火箭模型，学习空间任务，尝试与飞行员模拟太空飞行等，故选D。
42. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.可知，对于受训者来说，团队合作是关键，故团队精神是最重要的，故选B。
点睛：文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。
此题中的三题都是细节理解题。解题关键是首先要根据题干准确定位信息句，其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判断，此题的三小题均为一一对应型，只要找准信息句，一一对应即可得出答案。而第二小题也可以用排除法，如文章第三段At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world.提到，要想获得太空探险徽章需要建造和发射火箭模型，学习空间任务，尝试与飞行员模拟太空飞行等，选项ABC 都是歪曲事实，所以只有D正确。
C
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current
Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the stu dy, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchi ni agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂
43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
B. They are newly evolved creatures.
C. They can consume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A. identify other means of the breakdown
B. find out the source of the enzyme
C. confirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdown speed
45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
46. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain a study method on worms.
B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C. To present a way to break down plastics.
D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
【答案】43. C 44. B 45. D 46. C
【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，这为解决塑料污染提供了新的途径。
43. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic.
可知，研究结果发现，蠕虫分解日常食物的能力让它们可以分解塑料，也就是说它们可以消费塑料。故选C。
44. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原因，查明这种酶来源于哪里，是虫子自己产生的还是它肠道里的微生物产生的。故选B。
45. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂可以推断出，Bertocchini希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产中使用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。
46. 写作意图题。根据文章第一段最后一句So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根据最后一段最后一句But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂可知，Bertocchini希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。
点睛：根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的，通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点），常见于广告类的文章。3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息），多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。本题的最后一题为写作意图题。文章为说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现---蠕虫可以分解塑料。因此可以推着写作意图是告知、
告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法。
D
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driv ing robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in
ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the
cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transportation-related problems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s majo r concern?
A. Safety.
B. Side effects.
C. Affordability.
D. Management.
49. What does the underlined word ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employed.
B. Replaced.
C. Shared.
D. Reduced.
50. What is the author’s attitude to the future o f self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful.
B. Positive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Sympathetic.
【答案】47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B
【解析】本文为议论文。文章主要讨论有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。
47. 推理判断题。根据第二段While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.可知，政策制定者应该讨论无人驾驶车怎么帮助削减交通阻塞，减少尾气排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行选择，由此可见人们应该多关注无人驾驶车怎么帮助处理与交通有关的问题。故选A。
48. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.可知，不管花多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和我们的城市，不管是好是坏，这取决于如何这种转变如何被规范，再根据文章最后一句话The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.可知，我们需要为其做好计划，故作者的主要关注点是对这种转变的管理规范，故选D。
49. 词义猜测题。根据第四段The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).可知，鉴于自主驾驶的费用以及责任和维护问题，无人驾驶车几乎可以肯定将会被打车服务使用。故划线词是“被应用”的意思。A. Employed被应用；B. Replaced被取代；C. Shared被分享；D. Reduced被减少。故选A。50. 观点态度题。根据文章最后一段The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.中的advancement，move more people, and more affordably.以及plan for it可推知，作者是积极的态度。故选B。
点睛：根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。
如本题最后一题为观点态度题，根据文中reduce carbon emissions，cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% ，appealing，comfortable，advancement，move more people, and more affordably.，等词汇可以推断出作者对无人驾驶汽车持积极态度。故选B。
第二节
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations.
_____51_____
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. _____52_____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ____53____ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
_____54_____Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
_____55_____However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
【答案】51. F 52. G
53. E 54. A
55. D
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）（略） 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents/careers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/careers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices. 1 / 18
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21.Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping? A.OUT. B.WBP. C.CRF. D.POT. 22.What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson? A. Travel to London. B. See a parade and fireworks. C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields. 23.How long does Potty about Potter last? A. Two days. B. Four days. C. Five days. D. One week. B Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have 3 / 18
2018年天津市高考英语试卷真题权威解读 总体评价：2018年天津高考英语试卷相比2017年高考英语题目总体难度稳中有降。体现在以下两个方面： 试卷整体词汇难度适当。相比2009。2017年的试卷，2018年英语试卷词汇方面的考察范围更为“亲民”，避免了一些偏词怪词和生僻词汇的出现，与难词直接关联的题目也较前两年大为减少。 试卷整体安排基本符合高考主流，考生易于把握考试节奏。只要是反复做过以前天津高考英语试卷的同学不难感觉到今年的题目中规中矩，特别是在主观题目的考察上非常符合天津卷以往的风格和考察习惯。 因此，2018年的准考生还是应该加强对基础知识和基础词汇的把握，这样才能保证自己在考试时候立于不败之地。 一、单项填空 (1*10=15分> 2017年的考试中出了7道语法题，2道情景交际，6道词汇。 2018年的考试中出了8道语法题，1道情景交际，6道词汇。 语法和词汇考察的都是传统考点。非谓语动词，时态，从句，情态动词和虚拟语气近几年来一直占据着天津高考语法考察的前列，请2018年参加天津高考的同学要特别注意。平时加强对真题的经常考点反复练习，一定可以在考试时候有的放矢。也希望2018年的考生能够主次分明，对常考点加以练习。对于一些常出现的短语加以区分。 1、IT充当形式宾语。 2、语境中短语的应用。快点 3、现在完成时被动语态的考察 4、将来完成时的考察，从NEXT---FOR 确定语法。 5、让步状语的考察，从NEVER推断逻辑语义。 6、金融英语“开账户”的短语为OPEN AN ACCOUNT. 7、非谓语动词的被动语态。BE PERMITTED/ALLOWED TO DO STH被允许干某事。 8、语境中的短语考察。“遇到”英语表达为COME ACROSS=HAPPEN TO MEET 9、取而代之，转折连词。 10、时间状语从句的考察 11、语境中的介词搭配。ABOVE AVERAGE对应“好学生”。 12、过去分词表示被动。 13、名词性从句的考察，本题是That引导同位语从句。 14、语境中的逻辑与短语选用，何必费事劳神呢？从玛丽很感兴趣可以推断没必要登广告 找合租。 15、虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反的假设。 二、完型填空：“致母亲一个爱的音符” (1.5*20=30分> 2018年出题人在完形填空上没有在词汇上难为考生，主要考察的是大家对上下文线索的把握和对文章整体理解的能力。希望学生能够一方面对文章整体有个大体把握的同时，还需要注意前后文上下文关联词的关系，可以通过这种方法及时发现并且改正自己做题目时候不正确的地方~同时对于完形填空的选项词，根据历年经验来看，重复性还是蛮强的。所以希望今后参加高考的学生能够把这些反复出现的单词和这些单词的意思要加以理解加以记忆~一定对考试有很大帮助！ 解题技巧：理解全文主体、中心思想与语义逻辑、瞻前顾后选词达意、短语搭配、起承转合、全文整体逻辑大意匹配。
2018年高考生物试题北京卷 1．细胞膜的选择透过性保证了细胞内相对稳定的微环境。下列物质中，以（自由）扩散方式通过细胞膜的是 A．Na+B．二氧化碳C．RNA D．胰岛素 2．哺乳动物肝细胞的代谢活动十分旺盛，下列细胞结构与对应功能表述有误 ．．的是A．细胞核：遗传物质储存与基因转录B．线粒体：丙酮酸氧化与ATP合成 C．高尔基体：分泌蛋白的合成与加工D．溶酶体：降解失去功能的细胞组分 3．光反应在叶绿体类囊体上进行。在适宜条件下，向类囊体悬液中加入氧化还原指示剂DCIP，照光后DCIP由蓝色逐渐变为无色。该反应过程中 A．需要ATP提供能量B．DCIP被氧化 C．不需要光合色素参与D．会产生氧气 4．以下高中生物学实验中，操作不正确 ．．．的是 A．在制作果酒的实验中，将葡萄汁液装满整个发酵装置 B．鉴定DNA时，将粗提产物与二苯胺混合后进行沸水浴 C．用苏丹Ⅲ染液染色，观察花生子叶细胞中的脂肪滴（颗粒） D．用龙胆紫染液染色，观察洋葱根尖分生区细胞中的染色体 5．用Xho I和Sal I两种限制性核酸内切酶分别处理同一DNA片段，酶切位点及酶切产物分 离结果如图。以下叙述不正确 ．．．的是 A．图1中两种酶识别的核苷酸序列不同 B．图2中酶切产物可用于构建重组DNA C．泳道①中是用Sal I处理得到的酶切产物 D．图中被酶切的DNA片段是单链DNA
29．（17分） 癌症是当前严重危害人类健康的重大疾病。研究人员利用与癌细胞在某些方面具有相似性的诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）进行了抗肿瘤的免疫学研究。 （1）癌细胞具有无限的特点。当体内出现癌细胞时，可激发机体的系统发挥清除作用。 （2）研究人员进行的系列实验如下： 免疫组小鼠：每周注射1次含失去增殖活性的iPSC悬液，连续4周； 空白组小鼠：每周注射1次不含失去增殖活性的iPSC的缓冲液，连续4周。 实验一：取免疫组和空白组小鼠的血清分别与iPSC、DB7（一种癌细胞）和MEF（一种正常体细胞）混合，检测三种细胞与血清中抗体的结合率，结果见下表。 ①比较表中iPSC与两组小鼠血清作用的结果可知，免疫组的数值明显空白 组的数值，说明iPSC刺激小鼠产生了特异性抗体。 ②表中DB7和iPSC与免疫组小鼠血清作用后的检测数据无明显差异，说明DB7 有。 ③综合表中全部数据，实验结果表明。 实验二：给免疫组和空白组小鼠皮下注射DB7，一周后皮下形成肿瘤。随后空白组小鼠肿瘤体积逐渐增大，免疫组小鼠肿瘤体积逐渐缩小。由此推测：iPSC还 能刺激机体产生特异性抗肿瘤的免疫。 （3）研究人员另取小鼠进行实验，验证了上述推测。下图为实验组的实验过程及结果示意图。请在下图中选择A或B填入④处，从C～F中选择字母填入①～③处。 （4）该系列研究潜在的应用前景是iPSC可以用于。 30．（17分） 水稻是我国最重要的粮食作物。稻瘟病是由稻瘟病菌（Mp）侵染水稻引起的病害，严重危害我国粮食生产安全。与使用农药相比，抗稻瘟病基因的利用是控制稻瘟病更加有效、安全和经济的措施。 （1）水稻对Mp表现出的抗病与感病为一对相对。为判断某抗病水稻是否为纯合子，可通过观察自交子代来确定。
绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will James do tomorrow? A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman? A. She’s generous. B. She’s curious. C. She’s helpful. 3. When does the train leave? A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:30. 4. How does the woman go to work? A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. 英语试题第1页（共14页）
爽爽文档汇编之 2014?2018北京高考英语作文及范文汇编 【2018年】第三部分:书而表达（共两节,35分）第一节（15分） 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他 对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括: I.表示欢迎；2.推荐他上哪所大学；3.建议他做哪些准备工作。 注意：1.词数不少于50：2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jin], Yours II Hua 【范例】Dear Jim. Fm so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing. Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparatioiL some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment. I smeerely hope your dream will come true and it's my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when tliat day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know. Yours, Li Hua 第二节（20分） 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记,记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程.注意:词数不少于60。
2018年高考江苏卷政治试卷参考答案及解读 一、单选选择题：本大题共33小题，每小题2分，共计66分。在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是最符合题意的。 1.2018年3月14日，第十一届全国人民代表大会第四次会议批准了《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》。纲要指出，今后五年加快转变经济发展方式的根本出发点和落脚点是Db5E2RGbCAP A.经济结构战略性调整 B.科技进步和创新 C.建设资源节约型社会 D.保障和改善民生 2.2017年5月，胡锦涛在新疆工作座谈会上指出，到2018年新疆人均地区生产总值将达到全国平均水平，城乡居民收入和人均基本公共服务能力达到西部地区平均水平，到2020年基本消除 Bp1EanqFDPw A.青壮年文盲 B.绝对贫困 C.城乡差距 D.地区差距 3.2017年6月18日，我国第三个国家级新区、内陆唯一国家级新区—“两江新区”挂牌成立。该新区位于ADXDiTa9E3d A.重庆 B.武汉 C.成都 D.南昌 4.2017年11月16日，我国申报并被联合国教科文组织列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录的是《京剧》和CRTCrpUDGiT A.《中国书法》 B.《中华武术》 C.《中医针灸》 D.《中国剪纸》 5.2017年11月28日，欧盟成员国财政部长决定，和某国际组织一道向爱尔兰提供850亿欧元的资金支持，帮助其应对债务危机并遏制危机蔓延。该国际组织是A5PCzVD7HxA A.国际货币基金组织 B.世界贸易组织 C.亚太经济合作组织 D.世界银行 6.2018年3月初，联合国粮农组织发布的2月份全球食品价格指数创历史新高。影响此次世界粮食价格上涨的供给因素是AjLBHrnAILg A.一些粮食主产国遭受自然灾害 B.世界经济开始逐步复苏 C.国际贸易保护主义抬头 D.发达国际宽松的货币政策 7.某公司向计算机个人用户提供免费的安全和杀毒服务，占据了国内网络安全软件市场的半壁江山。该公司的产品和服务之所以免费提供，是因为其提供的产品与服务xHAQX74J0X A.属于公共物品 B.价值通过其他形式实现 C.使用价值不大 D.未用于交换而没有价值 解读:公司是以获取利润为经营目的的，所以，它们提供的产品和服务之所以免费，是因为这些产品和服务的价值可以通过其他形式
绝密★本科目考试启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 文科综合能力测试（北京卷） 本试卷共16页，共300分，考试时长150分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分（选择题共140分） 本部分共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。 2018年4月，川藏铁路成都至雅安段开始铺轨。读图1，回答第1-3题。 1．与成都相比，拉萨 A．日出早白昼长B．正午太阳高度角小 C．海拔高，日照强D．大气逆辐射强 2．图示区域 A．地处板块的生长边界B．河流的流向自西向东 C．自然景观为高寒荒漠D．跨地势第一、二级阶梯 3．川藏铁路开通后，能够 ①缓解青藏铁路运输压力②改善西藏物资供应 ③消除区域内灾害的影响④促进地域文化交流 A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④ 图2为地的地质平面示意图，读图，回答第4题。
4．图中 A．甲处的物质主要来源于地壳B．断层发生在花岗岩形成之后C．岩浆侵入可能导致乙处岩石变质D．丙处的溶洞景观由岩浆活动造成读图3，回答第5题。 5．四个大洲中， A．甲地形复杂多样，中低产田多，农业生产技术落后 B．乙平原广，高纬地区受寒流影响强，港口封冻期长 C．丙纬度跨度大，地形中部高四周低，是水稻主产区 D．丁为高原大陆，人口自然增长率低，城市化水平高 图4为北半球某日02时海平面气压分布图（单位:百帕），读图，回答第6、7题。
6．据图推断 A．北京风速大，风向偏东南B．甲地可能出现强降水天气 C．极地气温低，气压值最高D．热带太平洋洋面生成台风 7．依据气压分布，该日最接近 A．冬至B．小满C．夏至D．立秋 随着汽车等工业产品的废弃量增加，主要利用废钢冶炼的电炉炼钢技术日渐普及。图5示意国外某流域的钢铁厂分布，读图，回答第8题。 8．甲、乙两类钢铁厂在区位选择上均靠近 ①铁矿②大城市③交通线路④钢铁消费量 A．①②B．③④C．①③D．②④ 在乡村振兴计划中某行政村拟修建的村史馆和培训中心分别位于该村西南部和东北部。该村东西宽2千米，南北长1千米，主干道从南向北穿过河流自东向西流经该村。读图6，回答第9题。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷） 英语 本试卷共14页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met mor e than thirty years ago. A. What’s more B. That’s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是D。 1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around. —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 【答案】C 【解析】 考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。 2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A. Although B. While C. If D. Until 【答案】C 【解析】 考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，那么世界上的很多动植物都将会消失。动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。although尽管；while当……时候，尽管，然而；if如果；until直到。故C选项正确。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文I试题 一、语言文字运用 1. 在下面一段话的空缺处依次填入词语，最恰当的一组是 中国古代的儒家经典，莫不是古圣人深思熟虑、的结晶。如果把经典仅仅当作一场的说教，那你永远进不了圣学大门。必得躬亲实践，才能切实摇圣人的心得，如此我们的修为才能日有所进。 A. 特立独行耳提面命顿悟 B. 特立独行耳濡目染领悟 C. 身体力行耳提面命领悟 D. 身体力行耳濡目染顿悟 【答案】C ..................... 点睛：对于词语题，第一、要辨析词义，包括词语的语义侧重点、词语的词义轻重、词义范围的大小等，切忌望文生义。第二，要辨析感情，明确词语的感情色彩，是褒义，还是贬义。第三，要辨析用法，包括搭配习惯、语法功能、使用对象等方面。解答词语题，（1）逐字解释词语，把握大意；（2）注意词语潜在的感情色彩和语体色彩；（3）要注意词语使用范围，搭配的对象；（4）弄清所用词语的前后语境，尽可能找出句中相关联的信息；（5）从修饰与被修饰关系上分析，看修饰成分跟中心词之间是否存在前后语义矛盾或者前后语义重复的现象。 2. 在下面一段文字横线处填入语句，衔接最恰当的一项是 “理性经济人”，把利己看作人的天性，只追求个人利益的最大化，这是西方经济学的基本
假设之一。，。，，，，更倾向于暂时获得产品或服务，或与他人分享产品或服务。使用但不占有，是分享经济最简洁的表述。 ①反而更多地采取一种合作分享的思维方式 ②不再注重购买、拥有产品或服务 ③但在分享经济这一催化剂的作用下 ④人们不再把所有权看作获得产品的最佳方式 ⑤在新兴的互联网平台上 ⑥这个利己主义的假设发生了变化 A. ③⑥⑤①④② B. ③⑥⑤④②① C. ⑤⑥③①④② D. ⑤⑥③④②① 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：此类型题首先要通读语段，了解句意，注意上下句的衔接、呼应，做到话题统一，句序合理，衔接和呼应自然。要加强对语境的分析与体会。本语段谈的是分享经济，语段第一句谈的是理性经济，追求的是个人经济最大化，是西方经济学的基本假设之一，是利己主义的假设，它要向分享经济转变必须有条件，即③⑥排在前面，所以排除C、D项。根据“不再……”语境推，②紧承④，而横线后面的内容“更……”又紧承①，所以排除A 项，选B项。 3. 下列诗句与所描绘的古代体育活动，对应全部正确的一项是 ①乐手无踪洞箫吹，精灵盘丝任翻飞。②雾縠云绡妙剪裁，好风相送上瑶台。 ③浪设机关何所益，仅存边角未为雄。④来疑神女从云下，去似姮娥到月边。 A. ①下围棋②荡秋千③抖空竹④放风筝 B. ①抖空竹②荡秋千③下围棋④放风筝 C. ①下围棋②放风筝③抖空竹④荡秋千 D. ①抖空竹②放风筝③下围棋④荡秋千 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：本题考查对诗句中意境的感悟能力。“乐手无踪洞箫吹，精灵盘丝任翻飞”，出自曹植的《空竹赋》，所以对应的应该是“抖空竹”，排除A、C项。“雾毂云销妙剪裁，好风相送上瑶台”出自清代诗人杨仲愈《美人风筝》，从“妙剪裁”“好风相送”中也可以推断出是“放风筝”，所以排除C项，选D项。当然“浪设机关何所益，仅存边角未为雄”，也符合“下围棋”意境，“来疑神女从云下，去似恒娥到月边”符合古代女子荡秋千意境，且前两句是“画阁盈盈出半天,依稀云里见秋千”。
2018年高考英语北京卷 英语答案解析 第一部分：知识运用 第一节单项填空 1.【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你好，我是彼得，你是新来的吗？我没见过你。——你好，彼得。我叫鲍勃。我星期一才来的。根据语境以及时间状语on Monday可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的动作，所以应用一般过去时。【考点】动词时态。 2.【答案】C 【解析】A项意为“尽管”；B项意为“当；尽管”；C项意为“如果”；D项意为“直到”。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化的话，世界上的许多动植物将会消失。 【考点】连词辨析。 3.【答案】B 【解析】分析句子结构可知，谓语动词is前缺少主语，所以应用动名词作主语。 【考点】非谓语动词。 4.【答案】B 【解析】句意：我去年拜访苏珊时，她已经放弃了薪水丰厚的工作，在社区担任志愿者。根据语境可知，此处动作表示过去“我”拜访苏珊时她正在进行的动作，所以应用过去进行时。 【考点】动词时态。 5.【答案】A 【解析】分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句。可以引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which 和who，故排除that；who用于指代“人”，as有“正如，就像”之意，均不符合语境。所以此处应用关系代词which 引导非限制性定语从句，且在句中作主语，指代前面整个句子。 【考点】非限制性定语从句。 6.【答案】B 【解析】句意：中秋节时，家人们经常聚在一起吃团圆饭、赏月以及吃月饼。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。【考点】非谓语动词。 7.【答案】B 【解析】句意：在过去的几年里中国高铁总长度已从9000千米增加到25000千米。根据时间状语in the past few years可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时。 【考点】动词时态。 8.【答案】A
注意事项： 2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标 2 卷 理科数学 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 12 小题，每小题 5 分，共 60分， 、选择题：本题共 在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要 求的。 1+2i 1．1-2i =( ) 4 A ．- 5 - 解析：选 2．已知集合 A ．9 解析：选 A 3 5i 43 B ．- 5 + 5i 3 C ． - 5 4 5i D ． 34 5 + 5i A={(x,y)|x 2+y 2≤3,x ∈Z,y ∈Z } ，则 A 中元素的 个数为 ( B ．8 C ． 5 问题为确定圆面内整点个数 x -x e -e 2 的图像大致为 ( ) x ) D ．4 3．函数 f(x)= 解析：选 B f(x) 为奇函数，排除 A,x>0,f(x)>0, 排除 D, 取 x=2,f(2)= 2 -2 e -e 4 >1, 故选 B 4．已知向量 A ．4 解析：选 B a ，b 满足 |a|=1 ， a· b=-1 ，则 B ． 2 a · (2a-b)=2a -a 22 5．双曲线 a x 2－y b 2＝1(a >0， b> 0)的离心率为 3 b=2+1=3 a · (2a-b)= ( ) C ．2 3，则其渐近线方程为 ( D ． A ． y=± 2x 解析：选 A e= 3 B ． y=± 3x c 2=3a 2 b= 2a C5 cos = ， BC=1， AC=5，则 25 B ． 30 2C 6．在Δ ABC 中， A ． 4 2 解析：选 A cosC=2cos 22 -1= - C ． y=± AB= ( ) C ． 29 D ． D ． 25 y=± 3 x y=± x 2 3 5 AB 2=AC 2+BC 2 -2AB · BC ·cosC=32 AB=4 2
2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语Ⅲ卷 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分） 第一节（共15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分30 分） A Welcome to Holker Hall & Garden Visitor Information How to Get to Holker By car: Follow brown signs on A590 from. J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere--20 minutes, Kendal--25 minutes, Lancaster-- 45 minutes, Manchester-- l hour 30minutes By rail: the nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth. Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports. Opening times Sunday-Friday（closed on Saturday） 11:00 am-4;00pm, 30 March-2nd November. Admission Charges Hall & Gardens Gardens Adults: ￡12.00 ￡8.00 Gropes: ￡9.00 Special Events Producers Market 13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden Festival 30th May The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in the gardening. National Garden Day 28th August Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide. Winter Market 8th November This is an event for all the family! Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment. 21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester? A. 20 minutes. B. 25 minutes. C.45 minutes. D. 90 minutes. 22. How much should a member of a tour group pay a visit to Hall & Gardens? A. ￡12.00. B. 9￡.00. C. ￡8.00 D. ￡5.50 23. Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show? A. Producers Market. B. Holker Garden Festival C. National Garden Day. D. Winter Market B Cities, usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 文科综合能力测试政治（北京卷） 第一部分（选择题共140分） 本部分共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。 1. 每年三四月间，居庸关长城附近山花盛放。市郊铁路S2线列车穿行于花海中，被称为“开往春大的列车”，吸引了大量踏青的游客，游客的涌入给森林消防和轨道交通带来了安全隐患，当地政府采取封山禁入措施，但效果不理想，于是转变思路，变堵为疏，着手规划建设花海列车观景平台。这一做法 ①履行了政府的市场监管职能，有利于建立良好市场秩序 ②自觉运用矛盾观点，创造条件，将风险点转化为共赢点 ③有利于满足人们的精神文化需求，带动当地旅游业发展 ④有利于开发该线路的经济价值，说明文化的力量来自于经济 A. ①③ B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ②④ 【答案】C 2. 山脊上，代表中华悠久文化的长城蜿蜒曲折：山腰间，詹天佑创造性设计的“人”字形铁路折回而上；地表下，运用当代中国先进技术建造的京张高铁穿行向前。为避免破坏沿线文物和环境，京张高铁建设者采用“精准微爆破”等所技术，在地下100多米建造隧道，做到施工地表零沉降，实现了高铁与环境和谐共存。下列分析正确的是 A. 京张高铁与“人”字形铁路是新旧事物的关系 B. 工程设计与施工水平的提高说明实践活动具有社会历史性
C. 建设者的创新意识是高铁成功建设的首要前提 D. 高铁与环境和谐共存体现了矛盾同一性是推动事物发展的动力 【答案】B 【解析】新事物是指符合事物发展规律具有强大生命力和远大发展前途的事物，旧事物是指违背事物发展规律没有强大生命力和远大发展前途的事物。把京张高铁与“人”字形铁路的关系看成是新旧事物的关系，说法错误，A排除；与“人”字形铁路相比较，京张高铁在工程设计与施工水平要高得多，这说明实践活动具有社会历史性，B正确；尊重客观规律是实践成功的前提和基础，C说法错误，排除；矛盾双方既对立又同一推动着事物的运动、变化、发展，D说法错误，排除。故本题选B。 3. 万古奔腾的长江，孕育着源远流长的中华文明，为全面展示新时代长江的自然风貌和文化景观，多位艺术家深入长江流域采风，创作了巨幅长卷《长江万里图》，该作品雄浑磅礴、风光万千，画出了一条中国人心中砥砺奋进的文化长河，《长江万里图》的创作 ①体现了自然性与人文性的统一 ②说明时代精神是艺术创新的泉 ③体现了创作者为祖国可山立传的文化自信 ④说明客观真实是评价艺术作品的根本标准 A. ①③ B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ②④ 【答案】A 【解析】为全面展示新时代长江的自然风貌和文化景观，多位艺术家深入长江流域采风，创作了巨幅长卷《长江万里图》，这说明《长江万里图》的创作体现了自然性与人文性的统一，①符合题意；该作品雄浑磅礴、风光万千，画出了一条中国人心中砥砺奋进的文化长河。这充分体现了创作者对中华文化的高度自信，③符合题意；社会实践是文化创新的源泉，②说法错误；社会实践是检验文化创新的根本标准，④说法错误，故本题选A。 4. “窗含西岭千秋雪”“玉窗五见樱桃花”。中国传统建筑中窗的设计，巧妙之处在于可以引进阳光、空气，为居室主人呈现大自然的馈赠，借助窗外的空间美，人的心灵之窗也被打开，“纳千顷之王汪洋，收四时之烂漫”。下列选项正确的有
徐老师 北京市2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 (满分120分，考试时间100分钟) 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分） 第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分,共15分) 1.—Hi,I'm Peter.Are you new here?I haven't seen you around？ —Hello,Peter.I'm Bob.I just________on Monday. A.start B.have started C.started D. had started 2.__________we don't stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A.Although B.While C.If D. Until 3.__________along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A.Travel B.Traveling C.Having traveled D.Traveled 4.Susan had quit her well-paid job and________as a volunteer in the neighborhood. When I visited her last year A.is working B.was working C.has worked D.had worked 5.She and her family bicycle to work,__________helps them keep fit A.which B.who C.as D.that 6.During the Mid-Autumn Festival,family members often gather together__________ a meal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. A.share B.to share C.having shared D.shared 7.China's high-speed railways__________from9,000to25,000kilometers in the past few years. A.are growing B.have grown C.will grow D.had grown 8.In any unsafe situation,simply________the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed 9.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who__________in the mountains
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标1卷 理科数学 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。 1．设z=1-i 1+i +2i，则|z|= A．0 B．1 2 C．1 D． 2 解析：选C z=1-i 1+i +2i=-i+2i=i 2．已知集合A={x|x2-x-2>0}，则?R A = A．{x|-1
绝密★本科目考试启用前 第一部分（选择题共140分） 本部分共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。 1. 每年三四月间，居庸关长城附近山花盛放。市郊铁路S2线列车穿行于花海中，被称为“开往春大的列车”，吸引了大量踏青的游客，游客的涌入给森林消防和轨道交通带来了安全隐患，当地政府采取封山禁入措施，但效果不理想，于是转变思路，变堵为疏，着手规划建设花海列车观景平台。这一做法 ①履行了政府的市场监管职能，有利于建立良好市场秩序 ②自觉运用矛盾观点，创造条件，将风险点转化为共赢点 ③有利于满足人们的精神文化需求，带动当地旅游业发展 ④有利于开发该线路的经济价值，说明文化的力量来自于经济 A. ①③ B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ②④ 【答案】C 2. 山脊上，代表中华悠久文化的长城蜿蜒曲折：山腰间，詹天佑创造性设计的“人”字形铁路折回而上；地表下，运用当代中国先进技术建造的京张高铁穿行向前。为避免破坏沿线文物和环境，京张高铁建设者采用“精准微爆破”等所技术，在地下100多米建造隧道，做到施工地表零沉降，实现了高铁与环境和谐
共存。下列分析正确的是 A. 京张高铁与“人”字形铁路是新旧事物的关系 B. 工程设计与施工水平的提高说明实践活动具有社会历史性 C. 建设者的创新意识是高铁成功建设的首要前提 D. 高铁与环境和谐共存体现了矛盾同一性是推动事物发展的动力 【答案】B 【解析】新事物是指符合事物发展规律具有强大生命力和远大发展前途的事物，旧事物是指违背事物发展规律没有强大生命力和远大发展前途的事物。把京张高铁与“人”字形铁路的关系看成是新旧事物的关系，说法错误，A排除；与“人”字形铁路相比较，京张高铁在工程设计与施工水平要高得多，这说明实践活动具有社会历史性，B正确；尊重客观规律是实践成功的前提和基础，C说法错误，排除；矛盾双方既对立又同一推动着事物的运动、变化、发展，D说法错误，排除。故本题选B。 3. 万古奔腾的长江，孕育着源远流长的中华文明，为全面展示新时代长江的自然风貌和文化景观，多位艺术家深入长江流域采风，创作了巨幅长卷《长江万里图》，该作品雄浑磅礴、风光万千，画出了一条中国人心中砥砺奋进的文化长河，《长江万里图》的创作 ①体现了自然性与人文性的统一 ②说明时代精神是艺术创新的泉 ③体现了创作者为祖国可山立传的文化自信 ④说明客观真实是评价艺术作品的根本标准 A. ①③ B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ②④ 【答案】A 【解析】为全面展示新时代长江的自然风貌和文化景观，多位艺术家深入长江流域采风，创作了巨幅长卷《长江万里图》，这说明《长江万里图》的创作体现了自然性与人文性的统一，①符合题意；该作品雄浑磅礴、风光万千，画出了一条中国人心中砥砺奋进的文化长河。这充分体现了创作者对中华文化的高度自信，③符合题意；社会实践是文化创新的源泉，②说法错误；社会实践是检验文化创新的根本标准，④说法错