诊断测试
1.(2016北京,23)- are these bananas?
-$3.99.
A.How much
B.How long
C.How heavy
D.How big
2.(20 16陕西,29)-Volunteers from Lantian Saving Team have saved many traellers in the mountains.
- they are!
A.How great a man
B.How great men
C.What a great man
D.What great men
3.(2016吉林,32)-Do you know some robots are able to serve as waiters in rest aurants?
-Really? interesting it is!
A.What
B.What a
C.How
4.(20 16山东烟台,25)- weather it is!Shall we go for a picnic?
-I can't agree more.
A.What a good
B.What good
C.How good the
D.How good
5.(2015上海,43)一father took part in the charity activity in the neig hbourhood yesterday?
-Peter's.
A.Whose
B.What
C.Which
D.Who
6.(2015安徽,31)- is your father?Does he still work as an engineer?
-Yes,he has been an engineer for thirty years.
A.Who
B.How
C.What
D.Which
7.(2015河南,34) kind and helpful to the people around us,and we will make the world a nicer place to live in.
A.Be
B.Being
C.To be
D.Been
8.(2015 内蒙古呼和浩特,7)We have to finish the work now, ?
A.don't we
B.haven't we
C.have we
D.do we
考点一陈述句
陈述句用来陈述一件事情或表达一种看法,有肯定形式和否定形式,一般读降调,句末用句号。
①陈述句的肯定形式
We have some interesting and fun things for you this term.本学期我们为你们准备了一些有趣又好玩的事情。
②陈述句的否定形式
1.如果句子的谓语含有be 动词(am,is,are,was,were)助动词
(will,shall,would,should,have,has,had)或情态动词(can,may,must等),其否定形式是在它们之后加not构成。
如: When his parents moved to the city to work,they could not be at home当他的父母去城里工作以后,他们就不能在家里照顾他了。
Toys are not the only things made in China.玩具并不是中国制造的唯一的东西。
2.如果句子的谓语是实义动词,其否定形式是由"do/does/did+not+动词原形”构成。
如:It eats grass and leaves,but it doesn't eat meat.它吃草和树叶,但是不吃肉。
Last year,I didn't like my English class.去年我不喜欢英语课。
3.never,hardly,seldom,little,few等具有否定意义的词也可以构成陈述句的否定形式。
如:You never know until you try something.直到你试一试你才有可能知道某些事。
4.肯定句变为否定句时应注意的事项
(1)含有some,something,somebody 的肯定句变为否定句时,应把这些词分别改为any,anything,anybody。
如:He has some knives.→He doesn't have any knives.=He has no knives.
Mary has something to say.→Mary doesn't have anything to say.=Mary has nothing to say.
(2)含有always 的肯定句变为否定句时,需把always换成never.
如:He always comes late.->He never comes late.
(3)含有both,all,everything,everyone(everybody)的肯定句变为否定句时,需把这些词分别改为neither、none、nothing,no one(nobody).
如:All of us are interested in collecting stamps.→None of us is interested in collecting stamps. Everybody could understand him.→Nobody could understand him.
(4)当陈述句是“I think(认为)/believe(相信)...+宾语从句”时,若为否定宾语从句,习惯上要将否定前移到主句的谓语动词think/believe 前。即:"I don't think/believe..,+宾语从句”.
如:I didn't think you liked sports.我认为你不喜欢运动。
考点二疑问句
疑问句是用来提出问题的句子,句末用问号。它包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
①一般疑问句
用yes或no回答的疑问句称为一般疑问句,一般读升调。
1.句式构成
(1)如果句子的谓语含有be动词(am,is,are,was,were)、助动词
(will,shall,would,should,have,has,had)或情态动词(can,may,must等),其一般疑问句是把它们放到句首。
(2)如果句子的谓语是实义动词,其一般疑问句是在句首加助动词do,does,did,然后在主语之后加动词原形。
如:Do you agree with Peter's father?你同意彼得父亲的意见吗?
2.回答
(1)一般疑问句通常用yes或no来回答。
如:-Do you have anything valuable in your schoolbag?一你书包里有重要的东西吗?
-No,just my books.一没有,只有我的书。
(3)一般疑问句也可以用certainly, sure, of course, probably, perhaps, all right, with pleasure 等代替yes;用never,not at all,I'm sorry等代替no。
如:-Do you want to go to Water World now?-你现在想去水上世界吗?
-Sure,but I'm getting hungry.当然了,可是我饿了。
②特殊疑问句
用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。也就是对句子的某一部分进行提问而构成的疑问句。一般读降调。
1.句式构成
(1)由“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”构成。
如:-Where is your pen pal from?-你的笔友来自哪里?
-He's from Australia.-他来自澳大利亚。
(2)对句子的主语或主语的定语提问的特殊疑问句、是直接把特殊疑问词置于主语或主语的定语的位置,句子的语序不变。
如:-Who gave it to you?-谁把它给你的?
-My mother.-我妈妈。
2.常见疑问词的用法
疑问词包括疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,which和疑问副词how,when,where,why等. (1)who用于询问“谁”",对表示人的主语、宾语和表语提问;whom用于询问“谁",只用于对宾语提问;whose用于询问“谁的",对物主代词或名词所有格提问。
如:Who wants to study medicine?谁想学习药学?
Who is the person?那个人是谁?
-Whom/Who are you looking for?-你在找谁?
-I'm looking for Jim.-我在找吉姆。
-Whose book is this?-这是谁的书?
-It's mine.-它是我的。
(2)what单独使用,用于询问“是什么、做什么、什么事”;也可以询问职业、身份、相貌、性格特征、目的、天气、日期等;还可以放在名词之前,用于询问颜色、班级、尺码、时间、星期等。
如:What will you do after you graduate?你毕业以后准备干什么?
-What does your friend look like?-你的朋友长什么样?
-She is of medium build,and she has long hair.一她中等身材,并且有一头长发。
What's the date today?-今天几月几日?
-It's March 26ih-3月26目.
-What color are the apples?-这些苹果是什么颜色?
-They're red.-它们是红色的。
-What class are you in?-你在哪个班?
-I'm in Class 6.我在6班。
(3)which意为“哪一个”,用于对名词的定语提问,常与名词成代词one(s)连用。
如:-Which season do you like best,spring,summer,autumn or winter?
-春夏秋冬,你最喜欢哪个季节?
-I like spring best.我最喜欢春季。
(4)where 意为“哪儿”,用于询问地点。
如:Where can I buy some grapes or other fruit?我在哪里可以买到一些葡萄或者其他的水果?
(5)when 意为“何时”,用于询问时间,相当于what time。
如:-When do you use your computer?你什么时候使用电脑?
-I use my computer after school.我放学以后使用电脑。
(6)why意为“为什么”,用于询问原因。
如:-Why do you like science?你为什么喜欢科学?
-Because it's interesting.因为它有趣。
(7)how意为“怎么样”,用于询问方式、程度、健康、天气等。
如:How are you feeling today?你今天感觉怎么样?
-Much better.好多了。
-How is the weather today?今天天气怎么样?
-It's snowy.有雪。
(8)how old 意为“几岁”,用于询问年龄。
如:-How old are you?
-你几岁?-I'm thirteen.我13岁。
(9)how many意为“多少",用于询问可数名词的数量,后接名词复数。
如:How many bananas do we need?我们需要多少个香蕉?
-We need three bananas.我们需要三个香蕉。
(10)how much意为“多少”,用于询问不可数名词的数量,后接不可数名词;也可以询问价格。如:-How much are these socks?这些短袜多少钱?
-They're two dollars.它们两美元。
(11)how long 意为“多久”,用于询问持续性的时间段。
如:How long has Alison been skating?艾莉森滑冰多久了?
-She's been skating for five hours.她已经滑了五个小时了。
(12)how often 意为“多久一次”,用于询问频率。
如:-How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视?
-Twice a week.每周两次。
(13)how soon 意为“多久”,用于询问将来的一段时间。
如:-How soon will your boss come back?你的老板将在多久之后回来?
-In two hours.两个小时后。
(14)how long(wide,tall/high,deep,far)用于询问长(宽、高、深、远)等。
如:-How far is it from here to the airport?从这里去机场有多远?
-It's about 5 kilometers.大约有5千米。
-How long is the river?这条河有多长?
-It's about 350 kilometers.它大约有350千米长。
3.回答
特殊疑问句不能用yes或no 来回答。回答时,可以用一个词或短语来简答,也可以用一个完整的句子来回答。
如:-What should I do?-我该怎么办?
-You could write him a letter.你可以给他写一封信。
③选择疑问句
选择疑问句是说话者对问题提出两种或两种以上的答案,供对方选择其一。选择疑问句的前半部分用升调,后半部分用降调。供选择的部分用or连接。
1.句式构成
选择疑问句有两种形式:
(1)一般疑问句+or+供选择的部分?
如:-Do you like pies or puddings?你喜欢吃馅饼还是布丁?
-I like puddings.我喜欢吃布丁。
(2)特殊疑问句,A or B?
如:-Whose book is this,Mike's or Kate's?这是谁的书,迈克的还是凯特的?
-It's Mike's.它是迈克的。
-Which do you prefer,tea or coffee?你更喜欢喝茶,还是咖啡?
-I prefer tea.我更喜欢喝茶。
2.回答
选择疑问句的回答不能用yes或no,而应选择其中的一个供选择的部分来回答。有时也可以用both或neither 来回答。
如:-Can you sing or dance?你会唱歌还是跳舞?
-I can sing.我会唱歌。
-Which would you like,apples or oranges?你想要哪一样,苹果还是橘子?
-Neither.I'd like bananas.两样都不要。我想要香蕉。
④反意疑问句
反意疑问句是附加在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。附加疑问句部分要与前面的陈述句用逗号隔开,句末用问号。如果陈述部分是肯定结构,附加疑问句部分就用否定结构,反之亦然。此问句可用yes或no来回答。附加疑问句部分的主语要用代词,并与前句主语一致,谓语部分在人称、数量和时态上也要与前句一致。
1.附加疑问句部分主语及谓语的确定
附加疑问句部分主语与谓语的确定应以陈述部分的主语和谓语为依据，尤其要注意一些特殊情况同时，附加疑问句部分的主语一般用人称代词，而动词若为否定形式则一般用缩略形式。如：You're Ben's sister, aren't you?你是本的妹妹，是吗?
Yes, I am.是的，我是。
(1)陈述部分含有never，few、little，nothing，no body、hardly，none等表示否定意义的词时，其附加疑间句应用肯定形式。
如:There are few people in the room, are there?房间里几乎没有人，是吗?
(2)陈述部分是“山here be"结构时，附加疑问句部分用“be there”。
如:There is a tree in front of the building, isn't there?这幢大楼前面有一棵树，是吗?
(3)当陈述部分的主语为指事(物)的不定代词something、anything，everything等时，附加疑问句的主语应用it。
如：Something is wrong with your computer, isn't it?你的电脑出毛病了，不是吗?
(4)当陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词
somebody、anybody、everybody等时，附加疑问句的主语可用he或they，但不可用it。如:Somebody wants to see you, doesn't he/ don't they?有人要见你，是吗?
(5)当陈述部分的主语为this that等时，附加疑问句部分的主语应用it。类似地，当陈述部分的主语为these those等时，附加疑问句部分的主语应用the同时，陈述部分为肯定形式时，附加疑问句部分应用否定形式，反之亦然。
如：This is a beautiful picture, isn’t这是一幅美丽的图画，不是吗?
Those aren't apple trees, are they?那些不是苹果树，是吗?
(6)当陈述部分动词为have/has时，有下列几种情况
①have在一般现在时中表示“有”之意时，附加疑问句的谓语部分可用have也可用助动
词do。
如：Tom has a new watch, hasn't he/doesn't he?汤姆有一块新手表，是吗?
②have to表示“不得不，必须”之意时，附加疑问句的谓语部分应用助动词do。
如:Kate has to help her mother at home, doesn't she?凯特不得不在家帮她妈妈，是吗?
③have表示“吃、喝、玩、度过”等意思时，其附加疑问句的谓语部分应用助动词do。
如：They had a good time in Beijing, didn't they?他们在北京玩得很愉快，不是吗?
④had better表示“最好”之意，当其用在陈述部分时，附加疑问句的谓语部分应用had。如：We had better stop talking, hadn't we我们最好停止说话，好吗?
⑤have用在完成时中，其附加疑问句的谓语部分应用have。
如：Lucy has ever been to Japan, hasn't she?露西曾经去过日本，不是吗?
(7)当陈述部分含有need时，如果need用作实义动词，则附加疑问句的谓语部分应用do；如果need用作情态动词，则附加疑问句的谓语部分应用need。
如：We need to arrive in Shanghai at 7: 00, don't we?我们需要在7点到达上海，是吗?
(8)当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，有下列几种情况：
①must表示“必须”之意时，附加疑问句的谓语部分用needn't。
如：They must come on time, needn't they他们必须准时到，是吗?
②must表示推测，表“一定，想必”之意时，附加疑问句的谓语部分应根据must后面的动词来确定。
如：That man must be Mr. Wang, isn't he?那个人想必是王先生，是吗?
(9)当陈述部分为I am形式时，附加疑问句部分应该用aren't I。
如：I am right, aren't I?我是对的，不是吗?
(10)肯定的祈使句的附加疑问句可以用will you或won’t I you；否定的祈使句的附加疑问句用will you。
如：Listen to me carefully, will/ won't you仔细听我说，好吗?
Don't play with fire, will you不要玩火，好吗?
(11)以let's开头的祈使句，附加疑问句部分应用shall we；而以let us开头的祈使句，附加疑问句部分应用will you。
如:Let's go to the park. shall we?咱们去公园，好吗?
Let us help you, will you?让我们来帮你，好吗?
(12)陈述句部分若为主从复合句，附加疑问句部分的主谓部分通常与主句的主谓部分保持一致。
如：She said he would come tomorrow, didn't she?她说他明天会来，是吗?
注意：若主句的主语是第一人称I/We，其谓语动词又是think、suppose、expect、believe、imagine等，则附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语一般应与从句的主语和谓语保持一致(应特别注意否定的转移)。
如：I think he is a good student, isn't he?我认为他是一个好学生，不是吗?
We don't think you are right, are you?我们认为你不对，是吗?
2.反意疑问句的答语
对反意疑问句作答时，如果答案是肯定的，就用yes，后面跟肯定形式的简略回答方式；若答案是否定的，则用no，后面跟否定形式的简略回答方式。即其回答方式与一般疑问句的回答方式完全一致。特别注意有时要根据具体的语境确定应用肯定形式还是否定形式来回答。如：-Lucy skates very well doesn't she?露西滑冰滑得非常好，不是吗?
-Yes. she does.是的，她滑得非常好
-You don’t like the man, do you?你不喜欢这个人，是吗?
-No. I don't是的，我不喜欢。
考点三祈使句
①祈使句的结构及用法
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。
(1)肯定的祈使句
①句型：动词原形(省略主语)+其他。
如: Come in!进来! Be quiet!安静!
And go along Dong chang' an Jie, and turn left into Wangfujing Dajie沿着东长安街走，然后向左拐进入王府井大街。
②有时为了加强语气，可以在动词前加上do，表示“务必，一定”。
如:Do come on time一定要准时到！
Do look out一定要小心！
(2)否定的祈使句
①句型：Don't+动词原形。
如:Don't be late.不要迟到。
Don't come out不要出去。
②句型：Le's+not+动词原形。
如:Let's not speak loudly.我们不要大声说话。
②祈使句中需要注意的一些情况
(1)有时为了表示委婉的语气，可在句首或句尾加上please，但please加在句尾时，前面要用逗号隔开。
如:Please sit down请坐。Stand up, please.请起立。
(2)在意思较为明显的情况下，可把谓语动词省略。
如:This way, please请这边走。
(3)有时为了明确地向对方提出请求或发出命令，可加称呼语，但称呼语要用逗号隔开。如：Turn off the light, Jim吉姆，关灯。
(4)某些名词、形容词或副词等后面加感叹号，也可作为祈使句使用。
如:Hands up请举手！hands down放下手！Taxi出租车！
考点四感叹句
感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子，可以表达人的喜怒哀乐等感情色彩。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由what或how引导的句子，句末常用感叹
①what引导的感叹句
(1)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！
如：What a beautiful girl she is!她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！
What an exciting trip it was!这是多么令人兴奋的一次旅行啊！
What a nice picture it is!它是多么漂亮的一张图片啊！
(2)What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语！
如：What important jobs they have done.他们做了多么重要的工作呀！
What beautiful dresses they are!它们是多么美丽的连衣裙啊！
(3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！
如：What sweet water it is!好甜的水呀！
What hard work it is!多么困难的工作啊！
②how引导的感叹句
(1)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！
如：How interesting the dog is多么有趣的狗呀！
How cold it is today!今天真冷啊！
How beautiful these flowers are这些花多美啊！
How clearly he is speaking他说得多么清楚啊！
Look, how beautiful Sandy is看，桑迪多漂亮啊！
(2)How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！
如：How useful a subject it is!多么有用的一门学科呀！
(3)How+主语+谓语！
如：How time flies!时间过得真快呀！
③一些特殊形式
(1)在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹号变成感叹句，表示某种强烈的感情。如:We are trying to save the earth!我们正在努力地拯救地球！
I'm excited to try the rides我尝试些乘骑项目，我好兴奋呀！
Mind your manners注意你的礼仪！
(2)用一个词或词组构成的表示强烈感情的句子也是感叹句。
如：Wonderful！好极了！
Look out！小心!
No way！不行！
(3)以there，here等副词开头的感叹句。
如：There she is！她在那儿！
There goes the bell!铃响了！
④如何判断用what还是用how来引导感叹句
方法一：凡是以a，an开头的，多用what；
方法二：凡是形容词直接加名词的，多用what；
方法三：其他一般用how。
强化训练
KEY◆P242
一.按要求变换句子。
1.It will be Saturday the day after tomorrow.(改为否定句)
2.You can't smoke in a public place.(改为祈使句)
3.You look very beautiful in this skirt.(改为感叹句)
4.He has never been to Beijing.(改为反意疑问句)
5.Would you please clean the blackboard?(改为祈使句)
6.She went to France last month(用Germany改为选择疑问句)
7.He took part in the activity with his father the day before yesterday.(改为一般疑问句)
8.She has a lot of homework to do tonight.(改为反意疑问句)
9.There is something wrong with the car.(改为否定句)
10.The villagers have built modern houses these years.(改为感叹句)
二、就划线部分进行提问。
1.I have lunch at school five days a week.
2.We all do morning exercises every morning
3.I had learned over 2, 000 English words by last term
4.This umbrella is Tom's
5.1 often go home on foot.
6. She had been to our city three times
7.They go to the swimming pool once a week
8.He was late this morning because his bike was broken.
三、完成下列反意疑问句。
1. It was a wonderful night, ？
2. Let's have a free talk，？
3. There is something wrong with the phone，？
4. You can hardly understand me，？
5. Everybody here loves music，？
四、根据对话内容，从下面方框中选出五个适当的句子补全对话。
A
A: Hi, Tony. Why are you in such a hurry? 1
B: I lost my bag. I remember I put it beside the playground.
A: Really? When did you notice it was gone?
B: 2
A: Bad luck! Is there anything important in your bag？
B: Yes. 3
A: Don't worry I can help you look for it.
B: Thank you so much! But what shall we do next？
A: 4
B: Good idea. Do you know where it is?
A: 5 Maybe we are lucky to find it there.
B: I hope so. Let's go there and have a look now.
B
A: What are you going to be after you leave school?
B:1
A: What's your favourite subject?
B:2
A: Maybe you can become a writer.
B:3
A:4
B: Maybe you are right. But I'm not sure about it
A: Well, don't worry. Just make sure you try your best.5
B: Yes, thank you
A: You're welcome.
五、语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jack, a middle school student, used to work hard at all lessons. He usually
got up earliest and went to bed latest of the family. He 1 (hard) ever did outdoor activities. His parents worried about 2 (he) health.They asked him to get relaxed 3 watching TV or playing sports, but he wouldn't follow them. Finally，one day he 4 (fall) ill and had to stay in hospital for several weeks, Now Jack 5 (be) in poor health. 6 he goes to school every day, he doesn't do so well in his studies as before.
英语中的句子可以按其作用或者按其语法结构(即句子的形式)两种标准分类。下面是具体的分类依据和结果。 (1)按其作用或使用目的，句子可分为： 陈述句：This is a truck. 这是一辆卡车。 疑问句：Is this a truck? 这是卡车吗? 祈使句：Drive the truck away. 把卡车开走。 感叹句：What a big truck it is! 多么大的卡车! 按语法结构，句子可分为：(2)简单句：I am busy. 我很忙。 并列句：I am busy washing, but he is playing Majiang with them. 我在忙着洗衣服，但他却在跟他们打麻将牌。 复合句：Although I am busy washing, he is playing Majiang with them. 尽管我在忙着洗衣服，他却在与他们一块打麻将牌。 一、陈述句:用于说明一件事，表示一种看法或表达某种心情的句子，都是陈述句。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 1肯定句 He is a middle school teacher. 他是一位中学老师。(一般现在时) She is cleaning the room. 她正在收拾屋子。(现在进行时) They have visited the museum. 他们已经参观过这所博物馆了。(现在完成时) He did a lot of washing yesterday. 他昨天洗了好多衣服。(一般过去时) They had already finished quarrelling when I came. 我来时他们已经争吵完了。(过去完成时) The meeting will begin at once. 会议马上就要开始了。(一般将来时) 2否定句 (1)使用not否定： He isn't a worker. 他不是个工人。(一般现在时) She doesn't do the cleaning every day. 她不是每天都做卫生。(一般现在时) I haven't had my breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早点。(现在完成时) You didn't do your homework seriously. 你没有认真地做你的作业。(一般过去时) You mustn't take her to your parents. 你千万不要把她带到你的父母那里去。(情态动词) She needn't quarrel with him. 她没必要跟他吵。(情态动词) The house won't be painted. 这所房子将不粉刷了。(被动语态将来时) She might not notice you.
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V主谓结构 S十V十P主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语 基本句型一： S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, stop,arrive, come, die, happen,leave,laugh ,sing ,sing等等。如：1). 学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________ 2). 她什么也没说就离开了。_______________________________________ 3). 事故accident是昨天晚上发生的。 _____________________________________ 基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类： A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如： 8) We should __________ __________ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持 谦虚。 9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。 _________________________________________________. B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如： 10) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 11) Don't have the food. _______________________________. 不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。 12) The fact __________ ___________. 这个事实证明是正确的。 基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。文综之家https://www.doczj.com/doc/d915405138.html,作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如： 13) 我昨天看了一部电影。 ________________________________________________. 16）They have ________ ________ _________ of the children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。 17）I don’t like being treated like this.________________________________。 基本句型四: S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构，O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语
英语中句子的种类 Prepared on 22 November 2020
（三）句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位，表示一个完整的思想。 按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句； 从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分： 一、陈述句 That boy always helps others. Tom was not at home yesterday. He is too late to catch the bus. 二、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句） Are you a doctor How often do you have an English party Which would you like better, tea or coffee She is too young to go to school, is she 三、感叹句 （一）What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！==（二）How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is! (三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！ What beautiful girls they are! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What fine weather it is! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！ How interesting the dog is! (六)How+主语+谓语！ How time flies! 四、祈使句（祈使句主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原型。） Be quiet! Don’t be late!
初中英语分类练习 ——句子种类与简单句的基本句型 一、句子种类： Ⅰ. 句型转换(按要求完成句子) 1. Those children are students.(否定句, 一般疑问句) 2. We can see a lot of girls in the picture. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 3. They will go to England for a visit. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 4. The young men aren’t having a party. (肯定句, 一般疑问句) 5. She has been to Shanghai already. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 6. Don’t be noisy, please. (用quiet改为肯定句,) 7. Stand in front of the class. (否定句, 反意疑问句) 8. Both Mary and Tony are good students. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 9. All the students in our class are going to visit the Science Museum. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 10. There is an English test on Friday. (反意疑问句) 11. There will be a report on Chinese history tomorrow. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 12. Tom has his lunch in the school. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句) 13. John does his homework at home. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句) 14. He saw the TV news yesterday evening. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句) 15. I think you are right. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 16. This kind of car is made in Japan. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 17. Arthur runs fastest in his class.(就划线部分提问) ________ runs fastest in his class? 18. Bob”s painting was put up on the wall of our school.(同上) ________ painting was put up on the wall of our school? 19. Chapter One is very difficult to learn. (同上) ________ chapter is very difficult to learn? 20. Mary does her homework after supper in the evening. (同上) ________ ______ Mary ______ after supper in the evening? 21. He has borrowed four books from the school library. (同上) _______ _______ he borrowed from the school library? 22. It took him 30 minutes to get there. (同上) ______ ______ ______ it take him to get there? 23. My father is a teacher in the school. (同上) _______ ________ your father ______ in the school? 24. It will be Wednesday the day after tomorrow. (同上) ________ ______ will it be the day after tomorrow? 25. There are Three thousand people in the factory. (同上) _______ _______ people _______ _______ in the factory? 26. Linda’s mother works in a big hotel. (同上) _______ _______ Linda’s mother work? 27. They usually go to school by bus. (同上) _______ _______ they usually go to school? 28. They couldn’t pass the exam because they didn’t work hard. (同上)
精心整理 （三）句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位，表示一个完整的思想。 按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句； 从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分： 一、陈述句 Thatboyalwayshelpsothers. Tomwasnotathomeyesterday. Heistoolatetocatchthebus. 二、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句） Areyouadoctor? HowoftendoyouhaveanEnglishparty? Whichwouldyoulikebetter,teaorcoffee? Sheistooyoungtogotoschool,isshe? 三、感叹句 （一）What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！ (三)What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！ Whatbeautifulgirlstheyare! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ Whatfineweatheritis! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+ Howinterestingthedogis! (六)How+主语+谓语！ Howtimeflies! 四、） Bequiet! Don’ 一、）如，五种基本句型列式如下： ? ?基本句型三：??主＋谓＋宾 基本句型四：主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾 ?基本句型五主＋谓＋宾＋宾补. 二、并列句（句子包含两个或多个主谓结构，通常有并列连词连结。） 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。根据并列分句之间的关系不同，并列句可以分为以下几种：1.表示联合关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词and（和），notonly...butalso...（不但……而且……）等来连接，这时分句之间是顺承关系或并列关系。and一般不译出来。 1.Weboughtherabirthdaypresent,_____shelikeditverymuch. A.so B.or C.and D.but 2.—Didn’tyougiverosestoyourfatheronFather’sDay?
（三）句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位，表示一个完整的思想。按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句；从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分： 一、陈述句 That boy always helps others. Tom was not at home yesterday. He is too late to catch the bus. 二、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句） Are you a doctor? How often do you have an English party? Which would you like better, tea or coffee? She is too young to go to school, is she? 三、感叹句 （一）What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！==（二）How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is! (三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！ What beautiful girls they are! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What fine weather it is! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！ How interesting the dog is! (六)How+主语+谓语！ How time flies! 四、祈使句（祈使句主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原型。） Be quiet! Don’t be late! 从结构上分： 一、简单句（句子只包含一个主谓结构。） He is never late for school. 二、并列句（句子包含两个或多个主谓结构，通常有并列连词连结。） She made a promise, but she didn’t keep it. Tom is tall and he is from America. He is later for school because his bike is broken. He not only works hard but also is always ready to help others. 三、复合句（句子包含有两个或更多的主谓结构，但是其中一个或多个主谓结构充当句子的 成分，就是复合句。所有从句都是复合句。） This is the book that I borrowed yesterday. He told us that light travels faster than sound.
高中英语语法总结大全之句子的种类 句子的种类 （一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1）陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实） The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。 （说明看法） 2）疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种： a.一般疑问句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ b.特殊疑问句（W Questions; H Questions）： Where do you live?你住那儿？ How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？ c.选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）： Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？ d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）： He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她，对不对？ 3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如： Sit down, please.请坐。 Don't be nervous!别紧张！ 4）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如： What good news it is!多好的消息啊！ （二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类： 1）简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结
英语句子种类与类型 I、句子种类（按交际用途分） 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句 II、句子类型（按句子结构分） 简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句 I、句子种类（按交际用途分） 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句 1、陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，位于在后。 She arrived early. She cannot have arrived now. 注：1）半否定句 I hardly know anything about it. 2）部分否定句与全否定句I don’t like both the films. I like neither Cathy nor Mary. 3)否定转移I don’t think it will be very cold today. (believe, expect, suppose,imagine) 2、疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。 1）一般疑问句用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或no，注意语序。 Have you anything to say? Did someone phone me last night? Can’t you understand it? Isn’t it a beautiful lake? ---Haven’t you been to the UK? ---No, I haven’t. 2）特殊疑问句疑问词有who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等。 （1）陈述语序Who was the first man in space? （2）倒装语序Who are you talking about? 注：A、简略式Why not go alone? Why get so angry? How/What about taking a rest? B、复杂特殊疑问句What do you think he has done?3）选择疑问句 (1)以一般疑问句为基础 Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman? Shall I help you or can you manage? (2)以特殊疑问句为基础 Which do you prefer, red wine or white? How shall we go there? By bus or by train? 4）反义疑问句问：+，-？或-，+？ 答：+，+. 或-，-. 1.Tom hardly knows French, ______ ______? 2.—Mary didn't fail her exam, did she? ---______, she didn‘t. 3.You needn’t come, ______ you?You need to come, ______ you? 4.He had a big time there, ______ he? He had a car, ______ he? We hardly have to get up early, ______ we? 5.He used to live in Leeds, ______ he? 3、祈使句表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。 1）带第二人称的祈使句 Be quiet, please. Don’t make any noise! You call a taxi. Don’t you forget it.(强调) Give me a hand, will/won’t/would/wouldn’ you? 2）带第一、三人称的祈使句 Let me try again. Let’s go. Let us go. Let’s not say anything about it./Don’t let’s say… Let him be here by 10 o’clock. 注意： 1、加强语气Do be careful of my broken leg. Do let me have another try. 2 、祈使句的省略式 A:Shall I open the window? B:Yes, please do./ No, please don’t. A:Shall we watch the game? B:Yes, let’s. 4、感叹句 由what 或how引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。
初中英语语法------句子的种类A英语中的句子按其使用目的，句子可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。 Eg: 陈述句：This is a dog. 疑问句：Is this a dog? 祈使句：Open your eyes! 感叹句：What a beautiful building it is! 简单句：I am studying. 并列句：I was born in a small village and I lived there for nearly ten years. 复合句：As soon as I get there, I'll call you. 1 陈述句凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。陈述句句末用句号“.”，通常用降调。 Eg：We live in Beijing. We don't live in Beijing. (1) be 动词、一般动词（实义动词）、情态动词的否定句 I am not a student. I don't know him. He can't speak English.
be 动词的否定句句型：主语+ be动词+ not + … I wasn't good at English. They weren't at home yesterday. He isn't my cousin. 进行时和被动语态都有be 动词，它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。 Eg：They aren't cleaning the room. The child was not looked after by anybody. 将来时（will，shall）、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be动词否定句型。 They will not be sent to the front. They will be not sent to the front.× 情态动词的否定句 句型：主语+情态动词+ not + 动词原形 Eg：I can't do it myself. You mustn't take the books out. You must not go there alone. 一般动词的否定句． 句型：主语+ do/does/did + not + 动词原形 Eg: They didn't live in Shanghai. He doesn't do his homework every day.
英语中的句子种类 陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句 （划分标准：语气） 一. 陈述句 1. 定义：陈述句是用于陈述一个事实或表达说话人的看法的句子。陈述句主要分为肯定句和否定句。 2. 陈述句的肯定句式主要有五种基本句型 (1)“主语＋系动词＋表语” I am honored. 我很荣幸。 (2)“主语＋不及物动词（谓语）” The students work very hard. 学生们学习很努力。 (3)“主语＋及物动词（谓语）＋宾语” I teach English. 我教英语。 (4)“主语＋及物动词（谓语）＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”，间接宾语是人，直接宾语是物。 能接双宾语的动词多数要在间接宾语前加to或for。 ①加to的动词有give, send, pass, take, bring, show, lend, sell等。 She sent me a present.＝She sent a present to me. 她寄给了我一份礼物。 ②加for的动词有buy, make, build, mend, cook等。 My father bought me a bike.＝My father bought a bike for me. 我爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。 (5)“主语＋及物动词（谓语）＋宾语＋宾语补足语” The teacher asked the students to listen carefully in class. 老师要求学生上课认真听讲。 3．陈述句的否定句式 (1)be动词＋not (2)情态动词/助动词＋not＋动词原形 I don't get up at six o'clock this morning. 今天早上六点我没有起床。 (3)no, never, har dly, seldom, few, little, nobody, neither…nor, none 等词构成否定句。 I can hardly believe his story. 我几乎不相信他的故事。 (4)“too…to…”句型本身具有否定的含义。 She is too young to go to school. 她太小，还不能去上学。 二. 疑问句
句子成分和句子种类详解 句子成分和结构是英语的基础，是理解和表达英语的关键。英语中许多词类都对句子成分和结构有影响。英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的，这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用，叫做句子成分。英语的篇章是由句子构成的，不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构，这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。学习英语句法的基础是了解句子成分、句子的基本结构和句子种类。 I 句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语和补足语等。 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分； 表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句子的次要部分。 1.主语：主语说明谓语动作或状态的执行者，常用的作主语的词类有：名词（短语）、代词、 数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句。 Subject is the topic or theme of the sentence, which tells of what the sentence is about. 1）名词：The students are learning grammar. Our teacher speaks very fast. 2）代词：She is writing. He likes playing tennis. 3）数词：Five is an odd number. Six is my favourite number. 4）不定式：To learn English well is important. It is not easy to remember all rules. 5）动名词：Swimming is interesting. Learning grammar well is difficult. 6）主语从句：What I said is true. What we can't get seems better than what we have. 2.谓语：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、 数和时态的变化。 Predicate says something about the subject and bears the new information which the speaker or writer wants to transmit to the listener or reader. 1）简单谓语 动词：He bought a dictionary yesterday. 动词短语：He is looking for his pen. 2）复合谓语 系动词+表语：We are students. 情态动词+不定式：I may be wrong. 动词+不定式：We have to do something for them. 3.表语：表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身 份等。充作表语的可以是单词、短语或从句。 Predicative expresses the status, characteristics or the quality of the subject. 1）名词：He is a doctor. Mr. Scott is a farmer. 2）代词：It is me. That's something we have always to keep in mind.
英语简单句的五种基本类型一览表 广义上讲,文章的最小单位是句子.句子才是文章的最基本的组成部分.高考题中的书面表达除了对考生的怎么笔头表达的整体结构有所要求外,更重要的是看考生的语句的使用情况是否正确、是否得当、是否地道。因此，只有熟练地掌握了句子的基本类型和常用句型，考生才能灵活自如的发挥自己的写作才能。而句子的灵魂是动词，在句子中，动词起了不可或缺的作用。现将句子的基本类型及常用句型分述如下： （一）句子的基本类型 类型1：主语+谓语（+状语） Example1: 主语谓语句义 1 Fire burns. 火燃烧。 2 Birds fly. 鸟飞翔。 3 We all breathe,eat, and drink. 我们都呼吸、吃饭、喝水。 4 The moon has risen. 月亮已经升起来了。 5 The sun was shining. 太阳照耀着。 Example 2: 主语谓语状语（副词/介词短语/名词）名义 1 He works hard. 他努力工作。 2 She is working quickly. 她快速的走着。 3 It was raining heavily. 下雨得很大。 4 We will arrive soon. 我我们很快会到达。 5 He stood there. 他站在那儿。 6 She is reading in the sun. 她在阳光下读书。 7 The rain lasted all day. 雨下了一整天. 8 They had travelled a long way. 他们已经走了很长的路。 9 We waited two hours. 我们等了两小时。 10 It weighs two tons. 它重两吨。 11 We stayed the whole night. 我们呆了整整一个晚上。 12 He may live many years. 他也许能活好多年。Example3: 主语谓语状语(不定式/分词) 句义 1 We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一会儿. 2 I returned to get my book. 我回来取书. 3 He arrived only to find the bus leaving. 他到达时却发现车正离开. 4 He stood there,begging. 他站在那儿乞讨. 5 She ran. followed by a dog. 她跑着,后面跟着一条狗. 类型2: 主语+谓语+宾语 Example1: 主语谓语宾语(名/代) 句义 1 He cut his finger. 他割伤了他的手指. 2 We have already had breakfast. 我们已经吃过了早饭. 3 A baby can not dress itself. 婴儿不能自己穿衣.
英语句子种类分析 文章是由句子有机组合而成的。单词好比语言的一个个零散的部件，只有组成了句子才有真正的意义。因此，读懂句子是读懂文章的基础，也是我们做对题目的关键。当然，读懂句子需要我们具备一定的语法知识，而语法又是让同学们感到最为头痛东西。但是我们要知道，在英语文章阅读中，语法归根结底是为我们读懂文章而服务的，只要能够掌握基本的语法规律，无障碍的读懂复杂的句子，语法的任务就圆满的完成了。那些挣扎并纠结在复杂语法中的同学们则是掉进了语法学习的误区。下面就来介绍句子的基本结构以及读懂句子的快捷方法。 英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句，就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和主从复合句，下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。 1、简单句 简单句，即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况，英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语)，有时候还有宾语；而且除了倒装句等特殊句型，一般情况下，主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的，不可能宾语跑到谓语前面，或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上，英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式：
主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语：I like ping-pong. 主语 + 谓语(不及物动词): Classes start at 8:00. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语: I am a teacher. 所以，我们在阅读句子的时候，不管句子有多长，不管是并列句还是复合句，都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语（或表语），有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干，句子的基本意思就清楚了。 2、并列句 并列句就是两个或以上的简单句，由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词：and, or, but, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise，yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子，一般情况下是以连词为界限，将句子分成前、后几个部分，并分别来分析，各句的意思一般可以单独理解，最后将各句合并即可。 I don’t have a soccer ball, but my brother Alan does. Tom is an English boy, and he is 13. （以but/and为界，可分为前后两个小句子） 3、主从复合句
初中英语语法------句子的种类 A英语中的句子按其使用目的，句子可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。 Eg: 陈述句：This is a dog. 疑问句：Is this a dog? 祈使句：Open your eyes! 感叹句：What a beautiful building it is! 简单句：I am studying. 并列句：I was born in a small village and I lived there for nearly ten years. 复合句：As soon as I get there, I’ll call you. 1 陈述句 凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。陈述句句末用句号“.”，通常用降调。 Eg：We live in Beijing. We don’t live in Beijing. (1) be 动词、一般动词（实义动词）、情态动词的否定句 I am not a student. I don’t know him. He can’t speak English. be 动词的否定句 句型：主语+ be动词+ not + … I wasn’t good at English. They weren’t at home yesterday. He isn’t my cousin. 进行时和被动语态都有be 动词，它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。 Eg：They aren’t cleaning the room. The child was not looked after by anybody. 将来时（will，shall）、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be动词否定句型。They will not be sent to the front. They will be not sent to the front.× 情态动词的否定句 句型：主语+情态动词+ not + 动词原形 Eg：I can’t do it myself. You mustn’t take the books out. You must not go there alone. 一般动词的否定句 句型：主语+ do/does/did + not + 动词原形 Eg:
通常，我们可以从两个不同的角度对句子进行分类：一是按句子的用途；二是按句子的结构。 1.句子的用途分类 所谓用途分类是指，根据句子的意思，句子的语言功能和作用是什么，然后将其归类。按这种方法，所有的英语句子可以分成四个种类：陈述句（Declarative Sentence），疑问句（Interrogative Sentence），祈使句（Imperative Sentence）和感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence）。 1）陈述句（Declarative Sentence） 陈述句是用来说明事实、看法，描述动作、状态，阐明道理、原因，等等。这是日常生活中见得最多的一种句子。它在表达意思上有两种形式，即肯定句形式和否定句形式。例如：Chinese is one of the major languages in the world.中文是世界主要语言之一。 It is not an easy job to learn English well .学好英语不是件易事。 She is doing her term paper .她在写学期论文。 This is a beautiful garden .这是一座漂亮的花园。 Wealth does not mean happiness .富有并不意味着幸福。 Being over-slept, he was late for class today. 由于睡过了头，他今天上课迟到了。 2) 疑问句（Interrogative Sentence） 疑问句是用来提出问题的，按其所提出的不同问题可分为以下四种： A）一般疑问句（General Question） 一般疑问句是就某件事或某种情况的"是与否"提问。因此，它的回答不是"Yes"就是"No"；回答时所用的句子可以是完整句，也可以是省略句。另一方面，凡是疑问句一般说来都应该是倒装语序。例如： --Are you a student ? --Yes, I am a student . --Do you like dancing ? --Yes, I do . B) 特殊疑问句（Special Question） 特殊疑问句是对某件事或某种情况的某一方面的具体内容提问，因此，对哪一方面的具体内容提问，就需要使用相应的特殊疑问词如：时间（When）、地点（Where）、原因（Why）、方式（How）、人物（Who）、名称（What），等等。另外，回答的内容也应该是具体的。例如： --Who is in charge of English in your class ? --Zheng Zheng (is ). --谁是你们班的英语科代表？--（是）郑征。 --Why is Luo Huimin absent from duty today .--She is preparing for going abroad . 罗慧敏今天为什么没有上班？她要出国,正在做准备。 C) 选择疑问句（Alternative Question）