工程施工组织设计外文翻译

第八章各分部分项工程的施工方案Chapter 8 Construction Scheme of Subprojects8.1 土建施工方案8.1 Civil Engineering Construction Scheme8.1.1 工程测量8.1.1 Engineering Surveying1）测量概述1) Measurement Overview为满足工程施工特点，该工程的测量控制网按照“从整体到局部，高精度控制低精度”的原则，由高到低设置三级控制网，各级控制网相互衔接，统一为整体系统。

In order to meet the characteristics of construction, the survey control networks of the project have three levels from high to low in accordance with the principle “From the whole to the part; High precision controls low precision”. Control networks at all levels should be connected, thus forming the overall system.1、测量注意事项1. Measurement Considerations建筑物占地面积超大，这对轴线控制网的布设和投测带来难度，需要充分利用高精度电子全站仪进行轴线控制网的布设及细部测量放线，钢尺作为辅助；轴线投测时，仪器要架设在建筑物两端，以减少投测误差。

As the buildings occupy a large area, which brings difficulty to the layout design and measurement of the axis control network, the electronic total station with high precision should be used to lay the network and do detailed survey with steel rulers as assistive devices. When transfer of building lines is conducted, instruments should be erected on both ends of the buildings to minimize measuring errors.2、测量前准备工作2. Preparations before measurement（1）、测量仪器检定：本工程使用的所用测量仪器及工具（包括专业分包的测量仪器）均应经国家计量单位检校合格并在有效时间之内。

第1篇In the field of engineering construction, there are numerous specialized terms and phrases that are essential for effective communication among professionals. Here are some commonly used construction English terms, categorized by their functions and applications.1. Planning and Design- Blueprint: A detailed technical drawing or plan of a building or structure.- Architectural design: The process of creating the overall design of a building.- Structural engineering: The application of scientific and mathematical principles to design and construct buildings and bridges.- Civil engineering: The professional practice of designing, building, and maintaining infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and water supply systems.2. Materials and Tools- Concrete: A building material made from cement, sand, aggregate, and water.- Reinforcement: Materials such as steel bars or mesh used to strengthen concrete structures.- Screwdriver: A tool used for turning screws.- Wrench: A tool used for turning nuts and bolts.3. Construction Processes- Foundation: The base upon which a building is constructed.- Excavation: The process of removing soil and rock from a site to prepare it for construction.- Concrete pouring: The process of placing concrete in a formwork and allowing it to harden.- Backfilling: The process of filling an excavation with soil or other materials.4. Safety and Regulations- Hard hat: A safety helmet worn to protect the head from falling objects.- Safety goggles: Eye protection worn to prevent eye injuries.- Personal protective equipment (PPE): Safety equipment worn to protect workers from hazards.- OSHA: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, a U.S. federal agency responsible for ensuring safe and healthful working conditions.5. Quality Control- Quality assurance: The systematic approach to ensuring that the quality of a product or service meets the required standards.- Inspection: The process of examining a construction project to ensure that it meets the specified requirements.- Defect: A flaw or imperfection in a construction project.- Warranty: A guarantee from the contractor or manufacturer that a product or service will perform as specified.6. Estimation and Cost Management- Bid: A proposal submitted by a contractor to perform a construction project.- Cost estimate: An approximation of the total cost of a construction project.- Change order: A document that describes the modifications made to a construction project and their impact on the cost and schedule.- Budget: A financial plan that outlines the expected costs of a construction project.7. Project Management- Project manager: The person responsible for planning, executing, and closing a project.- Construction schedule: A timeline that outlines the sequence of activities and their durations.- Progress report: A document that provides an update on the status of a construction project.- Handover: The process of transferring a completed construction project to the client.These are just a few examples of the many construction English termsthat are essential for effective communication and collaboration in the field of engineering construction. By familiarizing yourself with these terms, you can improve your understanding of construction projects and contribute to their successful completion.第2篇In the field of engineering construction, there are numerous terms and phrases that are commonly used to describe various aspects of the construction process. Here are some of the most commonly used English terms in engineering construction:1. Project: The overall plan or undertaking that involves the construction of a building, road, bridge, or any other type of structure.2. Contractor: The person or company responsible for the planning, execution, and completion of the construction project.3. Architect: The professional who designs the building or structure, taking into account the client's requirements, regulations, and budget constraints.4. Engineer: The professional responsible for the technical aspects of the construction project, including the design, planning, and supervision of the construction work.5. Construction site: The location where the construction work is taking place.6. Foundation: The structure that supports the weight of the building or structure.7. Superstructure: The part of the building or structure that is above the foundation, including walls, floors, and roofs.8. Substructure: The part of the building or structure that is below the ground level, including the foundation and basement.9. Frame: The structural framework that provides support for thebuilding or structure.10. Columns: Vertical structural members that provide support for the roof and floors.11. Beams: Horizontal structural members that support the weight of the roof and floors.12. Slabs: Flat, horizontal surfaces that form the floors and roofs of the building.13. Masonry: The construction of walls using bricks, blocks, or stones.14. Concrete: A mixture of cement, aggregates, and water that is used to form the foundation, walls, and floors of a building.15. Reinforcement: The steel bars or mesh that is embedded in concrete to provide additional strength and support.16. Plumbing: The installation of water supply, drainage, and sanitation systems in a building.17. Electrical: The installation of electrical systems, including wiring, lighting, and power outlets.18. HVAC: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems thatprovide comfort and maintain air quality in a building.19. Demolition: The process of tearing down or removing an existing structure to make way for a new one.20. Excavation: The process of removing soil or rock from a construction site to create a foundation or to make room for the structure.21. Grading: The process of leveling the ground to create a smooth and even surface for the construction work.22. Backfilling: The process of filling the excavated area with soil or other materials to support the foundation.23. Piling: The process of driving piles into the ground to provide support for the foundation.24. Underpinning: The process of reinforcing the foundation of anexisting building to ensure its stability.25. Waterproofing: The process of applying a waterproofing material to prevent water from entering the building.These are just a few of the many terms and phrases used in engineering construction. Understanding these terms is essential for anyone involved in the construction industry, whether they are architects, engineers, contractors, or construction workers. By familiarizing themselves with these terms, they can better communicate with each other and ensure that the construction project is completed successfully.第3篇1. Construction Site - 施工现场2. Project Manager - 项目经理3. Construction Worker - 施工工人4. Engineer - 工程师5. Supervisor - 监工6. Blueprint - 工程图纸7. Construction Plan - 施工方案8. Building Permit - 建筑许可证9. Foundation - 基础10. Foundation Laying - 基础施工11. Concrete - 混凝土12. Reinforcement - 钢筋13. Cement - 水泥14. Bricks - 砖块15. Tiles - 地砖16. Roofing - 屋面工程17. Flooring - 地面工程18. Electrical Wiring - 电路布线19. Plumbing - 给排水工程20. HVAC - 供暖、通风和空调21. Painting - 涂装22. Decorative Work - 装饰工程23. Construction Equipment - 施工设备24. Crane - 起重机25. Excavator - 挖掘机26. Bulldozer - 推土机27. Backhoe - 反铲挖掘机28. Dump Truck - 自卸车29. Forklift - 挂车30. Concrete Mixer - 混凝土搅拌机31. Paver - 摊铺机32. Drill - 钻机33. Hammer - 锤子34. Saw - 锯子35. Wrench - 扳手36. Screwdriver - 螺丝刀37. Level - 水准仪38. Tape Measure - 卷尺39. Safety Helmet - 安全帽40. Safety Glasses - 安全眼镜41. Hard Hat - 安全帽42. High Visibility Vest - 高可见性背心43. Fall Protection Gear - 高处作业安全装备44. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - 个人防护装备45. Construction Schedule - 施工进度表46. Construction Progress - 施工进度47. Work Order - 工作指令48. Change Order - 变更指令49. Inspection Report - 检查报告50. Construction Contract - 施工合同These are some common English vocabulary terms used in engineering construction. Familiarizing yourself with these terms can help you communicate effectively with project managers, engineers, and construction workers. Whether you are a professional in the construction industry or simply interested in learning more about it, understanding these terms will enhance your knowledge and skills in the field.。

bim施工组织设计外文文献BIM（BuildingInformationModeling）是一种基于建筑信息模型的数字化设计和施工方法。

在BIM的支持下，建筑施工团队可以更加高效地协作和管理项目。

本文将介绍一些与BIM施工组织设计相关的外文文献。

1. “BIM-based Construction Organization Design using the Analytic Hierarchy Process” by Y.H. Wang and C. Lu 本文提出了一种基于层次分析法的BIM施工组织设计方法。

该方法可以帮助建筑施工团队在BIM模型中制定施工组织方案，并通过对各种方案进行分析和比较，选出最优的施工组织方案。

该方法可以提高施工过程的效率和质量。

2. “BIM-enabled construction planning and organization design” by H. Li and Y. Lu本文介绍了一种基于BIM的施工规划和组织设计方法。

该方法可以通过BIM模型中的空间、时间和资源信息，制定施工计划和组织方案。

该方法可以提高施工效率和质量，并降低项目成本。

3. “BIM-enabled construction organization design for prefabrication projects” by Y. Lu and H. Li本文介绍了一种针对预制建筑项目的BIM施工组织设计方法。

该方法可以通过BIM模型中的构件信息，制定优化的施工组织方案。

该方法可以提高预制建筑项目的效率和质量，并减少施工时间和成本。

4. “Applying BIM to Construction Organization Design” byR. A. Issa and F. Olawale本文介绍了BIM在施工组织设计中的应用。

作者通过案例研究，阐述了BIM在施工组织设计中的优势和挑战。

施工组织设计摘要中英Title: Summary of Construction Organizational DesignIntroduction:Construction organizational design plays a crucial role in the success of any construction project. It involves the planning, coordination, and implementation of various activities to ensure the project is completed efficiently and effectively. In this article, we will provide a summary of key considerations in construction organizational design.1. Project Scope and Objectives1.1 Clearly define the project scope and objectives: It is essential to have a clear understanding of the project's scope and objectives before designing the construction organization. This will help in determining the required resources, timelines, and budget for the project.1.2 Identify key deliverables: Identify the key deliverables of the project and break them down into smaller tasks. This will help in assigning responsibilities to different team members and ensuring that all tasks are completed on time.1.3 Establish a communication plan: Develop a communication plan to ensure that all team members are on the same page regarding the project scope, objectives, and deliverables. Regular communication will help in avoiding misunderstandings and delays.2. Team Structure and Roles2.1 Define team structure: Determine the hierarchy and reporting structure within the construction organization. Clearly define the roles and responsibilities of each team member to avoid confusion and ensure accountability.2.2 Allocate resources effectively: Allocate resources such as manpower, equipment, and materials based on the project requirements. Ensure that resources are utilized efficiently to avoid wastage and delays.2.3 Foster teamwork: Encourage collaboration and teamwork among team members to promote a positive work environment. Establish clear channels of communication and provide support to team members to enhance productivity.3. Risk Management3.1 Identify potential risks: Conduct a thorough risk assessment to identify potential risks that may impact the project. This will help in developing strategies to mitigate risks and ensure project success.3.2 Develop a risk management plan: Develop a risk management plan that outlines the steps to be taken in case of any unforeseen events. This plan should include contingency measures and emergency response procedures.3.3 Monitor and evaluate risks: Continuously monitor and evaluate risks throughout the project lifecycle. Regularly review the risk management plan and make adjustments as needed to address any new risks that may arise.4. Quality Control4.1 Establish quality standards: Define quality standards and benchmarks that need to be met throughout the project. Implement quality control measures to ensure that the project meets these standards.4.2 Conduct regular inspections: Conduct regular inspections and audits to monitor the quality of work being done. Address any issues or deficiencies immediately to maintain the quality of the project.4.3 Provide training and support: Provide training and support to team members to ensure that they have the necessary skills and knowledge to maintain quality standards. Encourage continuous improvement and feedback to enhance the overall quality of the project.5. Project Monitoring and Evaluation5.1 Implement a monitoring system: Implement a monitoring system to track the progress of the project against the established timelines and milestones. This will help in identifying any delays or issues early on and taking corrective action.5.2 Evaluate project performance: Evaluate the performance of the project based on key performance indicators such as cost, schedule, and quality. Use this information to make informed decisions and improve future projects.5.3 Conduct post-project review: Conduct a post-project review to assess the overall success of the project and identify areas for improvement. Document lessons learned and best practices to apply to future projects.Conclusion:Construction organizational design is a complex and multifaceted process that requires careful planning and execution. By considering key factors such as project scope, team structure, risk management, quality control, and project monitoring, construction organizations can ensure the success of their projects. Effective organizational design will lead to improved efficiency, productivity, and overall project outcomes.。

CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATION DESIGNFRAME WORKS FORBASF THE/POLY-THF EQUIPMENT1. DescriptionNature of the works: Investor and owner of the works is BASF Chemical Co., Ltd. and TECHNIP TIANCHEN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING （TIANJIN）Co., Ltd. is responsible for general contract management.Basis of the organization design:Working drawings, design description and related standard atlas provided by TECHNIP TIANCHEN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING （TIANJIN）Co., Ltd.;Topography of the construction site and existing buildings (structures) or to be built in the surroundings of the works;Construction contract for the works;Geological report;National specifications, procedures, standards or codes for acceptance of works and Shanghai Municipal regulations and requirements in respect of building construction being currently effective.2. Outline of the worksOutline of the worksThe works is located within SCIP with building area of 3841.63m2 (occupies the land of 7329m2) and is one-story structural frame, reference to the schedule of works items for the details.Table 1- Schedule of works itemsThe construction of the works will be commenced on June 6, 2003 and completed on Nov.15 2003 according to the works program, and its total construction period is 140 calendar days. It’s an isolated foundation of PHCpiles and caps, with foundational depth of burial of 1.5~2.5m. The pile works has been completed. THF building’s length: 105.7m, width: 33.7m and story height: 11m; Poly-THF building’s length: 39.7m, width: 35.7m, and s tory height: 6.5m. The works’ level 100.00 is equal to the absolute level of 4.00.All concrete for the works shall be commercial C30/C40 concrete.Site conditionThe construction site of the works is wide, power, water supply and drainage have provided, and the leveling has been completed, it has been get ready for commencement. Temporary power supply for construction has been solved through providing generator by the contractor as well as temporary water supply has been also connected to the site.Construction arrangementConstruction organization managementProject methods will be conducted for the construction and we will establish a Project Department in charge of performing the contract in all respects, organizing, inducting managing, coordinating and controlling the construction.The project Dept. will take scientific management, crack and highly effective team as well as reasonable structure as its principle to form a strong construction team for the works’ construction, meanwhile, accept the supervisions of owner and supervisors so to ensure the time and quality of the construction.A project responsible system will be conducted for all works in respect ofproduction, technology, quality, cost and safety, with dynamic management and optimized combination in system. We intends to take corresponding measures as follows in the construction organization and arrangement:3.1.1 In order to ensure the completion of the works in time, except preparation ofmaster program, sectional operation program will be worked out based thereon to control the construction progresses of sectional or sub-item works, organize labors in earnest, arrange overtime work and allocate labors as necessary to the extent that the construction progress is ensured without suspension and holdup in the work, and initiatives of all participates in the construction will be fully given play to, and the construction assigned us by the owner will be completed on or before the specified time.3.1.2 Stress on planning management, properly work out month, week and daywork plans, set up a reliable materials and supporting system to the extent that the supply can be ensured and the transportation meets any requirement.3.1.3 Fully use commercial concrete for the structure of the works, properlycoordinate with concrete suppliers, improve planning and allocation to ensure the construction demands, conduct transaction in the commercial concrete management market and conclude and sign contract in relation thereto.3.1.4 Organization structure on the site: Establish a Project Management Dept. andconduct Project Manager’s responsible system, set up a construction a technology section, a safety inspection section, a materials section, a financial & budget section, a supporting section under the dept. and uniformly directed by the Project manager. Functions of all sections (see attached management network of organization structure on the site hereinafter) as follows:Technology section: Jointly review workshop drawings, preparing construction methods, detailing drawing, formwork and reinforcement, implementing construction measurement and sorting out technical data, telling the operation sections for sectional or sub-item works of the detailed requirements, solving the technical issues occurred in the construction and organize the construction in accordance with the workshop drawings, related National Codes, Procedures and regulations.Quality inspection section: Be familiar to construction specifications, procedures and standards for quality inspection, performing quality acceptance work in taking-handing-over of all working operations, inspect and supervise the quality of the materials delivered to the site and construction quality on the site. Define the quality target of the works and conduct a quality assessment among all sections.Safety inspection section: Be familiar to safety operation procedures and labor protection ordinance, take the responsibility for safety and civilization inspection in the construction process and put forward opinions for rectification.Materials section: Shall be familiar to the performance and quality requirements of the materials, prepare materials procurement and supply plans, buy corresponding construction materials in time per required by the works, take good care of the materials such as storage, positioned stackingetc, timely provide documentation information in respect of the quality of the materials to technology Section.Financial & budget section: properly take the responsibility for examining and calculating the cost for the works, statistics of the quantity of the works, payment collection, alternation of the construction budget etc.Supporting section: Shall be responsible for living and logistics work, site security, site cleaning and maintaining work.Various operational groups will be set up for organizing labors per trade for the works such as carpenter group, steel bender group, scaffolding work group, concrete group, masonry group, installation group etc. to operate under coordination and unified direction.3.1.5 Organization of construction management staffs as Figure 1 hereunder:Figure 1 Options for main construction technologiesEarthworks: Adopt heavy excavation with lope for most of the excavation of foundation pit, adopt steel plate pile enclosure protection for partial deep foundation, lower water level with well-point. Excavated mainly with machines and associated with human power to trim the bottom, and provide trucks for transporting and stacking the soil within the site.Rebar works: Fabricate and process rebar works o the site, adopt both flashing butt weld and arc weld for the horizontal joints of rebar, mainly handling them with manpower within the site. Use electro slag pressing weld for vertical rebar joints.Formwork: Spliced with plywood (thickness: 18) and supported it with 48 steel pipe for formwork.Concrete works: Use commercial concrete and pour it through pump with pumping truck for the whole works.Scaffolding works: We use steel pipe scaffolding of ground type and with couplers.Vertical transportation: We mainly use derrick for the transportation and provide it with a 16t mobile crane when installing roof rebar.Construction sequences:3.3.1 Key construction sequences: Pit enclosure protection lower waterlevel through well-points earthwork excavation beddinglayer and cutting pipes binding rebar and setting formwork forfoundation poring concrete (cure) for foundation backfillingupper-structure roof structure equipment foundation andthe foundation at level 100.00 operated synchronically post-pourconcrete belt.3.3.2 Concrete of footing beam of the foundation of THF/Poly-THF is planned tobe poured first to the bottom of the bedding slab, backfill after formwork removed, lay bottom formwork of filling slab and pour concrete.3.3.3 Horizontal construction section of THF equipment will be divided into 2 flowsections as post-pouring belt and operated crossly. It shall not require dividing into flow sections because the area for Poly-THF equipment is small.Schedule of fabrication of test cubes (reference to table 2 for the detail):selves first, and report it to Quality Section to double check after the works qualified.24 hours prior notify owner and quality supervisor in writing for joint-acceptance after the double check, and properly record the inspection. It shall operate the next operation sequence only after the works accepted as qualified. Acceptance schedule for concealed works (reference to Table 3 for the detail):The works is a exclusive concrete frame structure, ensuring its verticality and correct axis is a key work, technical re-check system must be conducted therefore to avoid technical errors. All technical staffs at any level, sectional and group leaders shall honestly and strictly carry out the re-check system, properly make records in respect of the check, conduct double check and acceptance section by section, time by time based on the requirements of the progress to the extent that each sub-item works is re-checked when it constructed, without omission and no substitution of each other, technical chief shall not sign the technical double check records and next course shall not be begun if the works not being accepted. Schedule of technical re-check (reference to Table 4 for the detail):4. Quality PlanTechnical managementAfter received the drawings, organize related staffs and all professionals to properly joint-review the drawings, timely solve the problems found in the drawings and specially assign persons to responsible for the management and negotiation work.Specially assign persons to take responsibility for preparing construction organization design, organization design for single item works and newtechnological cards, strictly carry out the rules in respect of review, approval. Alternation and inspection based on the practice of construction to the extent that the works can be executed only after related methods or plans made.In addition to preparing construction organization and technology scheme, organize staffs and labors to study them and properly conduct telling the technical details as well as the working post training.Organize the work of processing, ordering and detailing drawings, uniformly manage processing and ordering materials at home and abroad, perform the double check in relation thereto.During the construction, seriously accumulate technical information, and define the filing items, copies and standards. Timely collect data and prepare files of completion as required by National major project.Stress on inspection, test and handling work of raw materials, factory’s certificate, permit and certificates of site double check.Stress on technical control in special process.Stress on control of measurement, setting out and level control as well as the observation of settlement and communication.Technical protection measures for finished products.Quality controlBreakdown the target of construction quality control, define quality target of unit, sectional and sub-item works.Perfectly establish a quality control system to the extent that post liability system can be put into practice, the duty assigned to each person and an examining system can be implemented.Establish a leading group for good quality creating activities.Highlight standards of quality acceptance, conduct the rule of quality sample first and the system of together accepting and determining by tree parties-Party A, Party B and Supervisor.Focus on the quality of pile foundation treatment, butt weld of rebar, concrete pouring and the main structure works.Set up a quality control group for the quality control of special process, and properly conduct quality control work such as plan, execution, inspection, conclusion, improvement etc. applying PDCN circulation principle to the extent that enable the whole process always under a stable control.Collect information, and conduct comparison and analysis with computerinformation managerial program for submission, jointly study and decision to improve the works’ quality.Conduct a system of self-inspection, mutual inspecting and taking-handing-over acceptance, and report to the supervisor for his acceptance of the concealed works.Strictly carryout the Chief engineer’s signature of instructions for concrete pouring etc.Periodically or temporarily invite related specialist to direct on the site.After the completion, we will assign a special group conduct a revisit the owner and general contractor and service and provide service on calls.Fulfilling and ensuring measures for quality target4.3.1 Quality target of the works: ensure the qualified ratio of the works as 100%.4.3.2 Quality ensuring systemPlace the works in our company’s list of major and key works.Place the quality of the works in the plan of creation of good quality.Establish a quality control and good quality creation groups leaded byCompan y’s Chief Engineer, Manager of Engineering Dept., ProjectManager, Project Engineer and Technical officer.Conduct monthly and temporary inspection by company, weeklyinspection organized by the project dept., quality contr oller’s monthlyinspection, group’s self-inspection, mutual inspection andtaking-handing-over inspections.Conduct QC group’s activities for settling technical problems in respect ofquality to improve works quality and eliminate common quality defects.Fully apply ISO 9002 Quality System to conduct process control andacceptance certification work.Obey owner and supervisor’s instructions on the site.Breakdown the duties to each person, clearly define the division of workand establish reward and fine regulations level by level, adopt amplerewards and grievous penalty system.Works Quality Ensuring System (reference to Figure 2 for the detail):Figure 2 Management Structure Network on the siteEnsuring measures for qualityQuality control of mobilizationConduct education of quality consciousness in earnest to the extent that all staffs and operators firmly establish the subjective thought of “Quality First”, and clearly know the quality target of the w orks.Workout corresponding detailed rules and regulations on good qualitycreation plan.Work out ensuring measures for special quality.Work out quality control and quality inspecting plans for key operation sequences.Optimize the construction organization design and work out operational guiding book for sectional and sub-item works.Conduct joint-review of the drawings, study technical standards in all respects, construction specifications, operational procedures and construction organization design, as well as technical exchanges and control work in earnest.Make sure of the resources of the raw materials and ensure the supply and transportation.Quality control in the processTelling the technical and quality requirements in detail prior to execute any sequences to the extent that any operators clearly know the operational technology, and the quality purpose can be realized.All construction sequences must implement acceptance specifications fo r building works and related regulations on works’ quality currently in force.The quality of all raw materials, finished and semi-finished products shall be in accordance with the acceptance specifications of related national authorities and the stipulations in relation thereto referred to in the tender documents, and stress on the protection of the same products.Perfectly conduct construction diary work, timely deal with conformation sheet for all alternated works and well collect and manage the technical information of all kinds.Strictly conduct ‘Three-inspection System” for sub-item works, fix person and post and construct with tags and signboard, timely and properly conduct acceptance and assessment work of quality-class, key sequences will conduct TQC activities.Concealed works must be accepted as qualified in accordance with the regulations and the next sequence can be started thereafter.Actively conduct quality control in all aspects, establish a quality ensuring system and adopt standardized working procedures in the construction.Prompt self-inspection by groups, mutual inspection and handing-taking-over inspection.As for decoration works, it will adopt a sample leaded rule, can the works of large area be constructed only after the sample being confirmed.Actively prompt to use new technology and techniques.Quality control of procurementPrepare materials procurement plan as required by the project, the materials procured shall be noted with their names, quantities, sizes, delivery date to the site, delivery ways, name of suppliers, standards for test and verification mode.Conduct assessment of qualified sub-contractors and suppliers, assess their ensuring capability for equal quality, social credit. Qualified subcontractors and suppliers for this project will be selected from our name list of the qualified, and conduct period and unscheduled adjust of the assessment of them.When the client requires to verify the supplied materials or equipment, procurement dept. must provide related certificate of quality and test report, owner’s verification shall not release us from the liabilities for prov iding qualified goods and nor eliminate owner’s rejection of the goods.Control of identification of productsIdentifications of products delivered to the site shall include: name of dealer, manufacturer, name, quantity and size and type of the products, test report, defects liability sheet, date of production and certificate of quality etc.Products identifications shall be recorded in storing register and card after qualified goods received into store.Identifications of construction process (storage, sectional and sub-item works).Each product or products of each lot shall have exclusive identification so to ensure its trace-ability.Control of test and inspectionConduct inspection and test when goods delivered to the site, inspect its quality assurance, quality certificate, test report, as for special materials, specially nominate a person or persons to inspect them through sampling and the method as required.Materials not be inspected and tested shall not be processed or incorporated into the works.Process inspection and testSectional and sub-item works must be inspected and tested in accordance with the acceptance specifications, design and functional requirements in t he process, those haven’t been inspected and tested or not qualified works shall not start next sequence of the works.Final inspection and testPrior to conduct final inspection of unit works, Project Dept. willorganize related departments to conduct test-run of ventilation,power and water supply system, test on system commissioning andrecords.Our company will assess the inspection and confirm the quality classof the final inspection, and test in accordance with inspectionassessment criteria of building and installation works, report them toquality supervisory authorities after the same reviewed, confirmed byGeneral Manager and Chief Engineer with comp any’s seal, productsfailed to pass the review and conformation shall not be delivered foruse.Aimed measures for quality controlWe will work out aimed quality ensuring measures in different construction sages based on our great deal of practices and incorporating with the actual conditions.Quality ensuring measures for rebar works (reference to Figure 3 for the detail):Figure 31) General measuresForeman must tell the operators the detailed sequences,methods and requirements of rebar prior to the construction,double check rebar’s size and q uantity and position at any time.Omission of ring clips at nodal points of beam and column shallbe strictly prohibited and size of rebar in complicated positionsshall be specially pay attention to.Inspection must be conducted to inspect rebar of upper andlower courses of basement bottom slab and the support ofcantilever structure whether are firm and reliable after rebarbinding work completed.The thickness of rebar protection course shall be complying todesign drawings. Numbers of the rebar joints in the samesection shall conform to the requirements of specifications.Strictly control the inserting position of rebar for columns to avoiddisplacement of rebar and its size not conform to designdrawings. Cement grout at the foot must be clearly removedprior to bind rebar of columns, and pat attention to its verticalityof vertical rebar, horizontal and clips shall not be bound underinclined conditions. Make a contracting clip on the insertingrebar to link them together so to avoid any displacement or bent.Strictly control the height of negative rebar of slab surfaceespecially the overhanging position, set rebar split heads andgang-board to avoid rebar being lowered due to stepping on it.Acceptance sheet shall be separately issued for overhangingstructure.Rebar in the works shall not be alternated without authorization,if it surely needs adjustment based on the actual conditions, itmust be approved by designer and technical departments, andtechnical confirmation sheet shall be issued.Bent and deformed rebar shall be rectified prior to use it, oil andmud on rebar shall be clearly removed.Rebar shall be bound firm at the center and both ends of thelapped position; All contacting points of beam’s main rebar andclips shall be bound form with wire, except all cross-points ofrebar of wall and floor slabs bearing forces in both directionsshall be bound firm, the medial positions shall be bound inalternated form like winter-sweet.Except the lapped binding and anchoring of rebar shall conformto the specifications, they shall also meet the designedanti-seismic requirements. If it requires leaving holes, for built-inparts and pipelines in rebar binding, and interrupted rebar shallbe cut therefore, reinforcement coil shall be set accordingdrawings and solve the related problems with related persons.Moving, removing and cutting without authorization shall bestrictly prohibited.Specially assign a person or persons to monitor when pourconcrete and rectify the deviations may occur at any time.Acceptance sheet must have signature of Quality Officer. Qualityanalysis meeting shall be holed in respect of the construction ofeach stage to find the defects and put forward measures forrectifying them. Assist supervisors in acceptance of unit worksand carefully rectify the defects so to ensure the quality of theworks. Starting the next sequence can be conducted only afterthe current sequence works being accepted.2) Electric arc weldingPreparation prior to the welding.Clean the edges of welding joints (oil, rust, dew etc.);Inspect welding materials (electrode, flux whether conform tothe requirements);Technical documents (drawings and technology etc.);Welding equipment etc.2 tension test pieces shall be fabricated under the sameconditions prior to welding rebar. Official welding can bepermitted only when the test result greater than the tensionstrength of rebar of same kind. Mainly conduct visualinspection of welded joints after the welding, the jointsrequire flat and smooth surface, without cracks, no clearundercut, concave, wart, cramped cinder and air hole. Clearsound can be heard from welded joints when bit them withsmall hammer. Dimensions and deviation of defects shallconform to “Specifications of Rebar Welding and Acceptance(JGH18-96)”.Electro slag hyperbaric weldingOperators must have operation certificates, and welding flux must bedry over heat prior to the welding. Check operational rebar fixtures atany time and release of the fixtures after the weld shall not be tooearly. Select suitable welding current and conducting time based onthe diameters of rebar. Stress on self-inspection of the sequencesand record it well. The end of rebar shall be even, its rust removed,as for rebar being butt jointed in vertical axis, especially the edgejoints of upper and lower rebar shall be aligned, bent at the joint notexceed 2 degrees, axis deviation at the joint not exceed o.1 d, andnot exceed 2 mm. After the weld, there will be an even weld at thejoint, no cracks, no observable defects like burn on the surface.Where the displacement of rebar at a joint exceeds the specifiedstandard, it shall be re-welded. Meanwhile, in order to make up theloss in length in the welding, the length of rebar may be 5 cmextended (that is 1-2d), the joints shall be visually checked one byone, and shall sample a group (3 pieces) from similar joints of 300each course for test.Ensuring network for quality of formwork (reference to Figure 4 for the detail):Figure 4Poor or good fabrication of formwork will directly relate to the quality of concrete. We will use small steel formwork and plywood (9-layers) for beams, columns and walls, and the control of installing deviation shall be in accordance with the enterprise’s standards.Before the formwork construction, configuration design for supporting system and formwork shall be conducted first, work out the arranging diagram. Person in charge of detailing drawings and foreman must tell the group persons the detailed requirements in respect of supporting and arrangement of formwork, operation sequences, assembling and removing methods. Formwork and its fittings delivered to the site shall be inspected and sorted and counted in accordance with the regulations and quantity, all those not qualified shall not be used.Processed steel formwork for round column shall be pre-assembled on the ground, its plan dimension, flatness and connecting points shall be checked, and only the qualified can be used.Axis position and sectional dimension shall be correctly controlled in the installation of the formwork, and the spliced joints shall be tight. The joints of 1mm shall be sealed with suitable materials or tinplate, if the span exceeds 4m, an arch of 0.3% shall be formed.Water stopping steel plate of basement shall be strictly executed in accordance with the drawings, fixed with welding rebar to ensure a correct position and level of the whole steel plate.Supporting system of formwork must be horizontally flat and vertically straight with firm supporting points, fasteners and bolts must be fastened, and assemble formwork strictly in accordance with the arranging diagram. Specially assign a person or persons to check the formwork’s supports,bolts, fasteners and column clips etc., and rectify it timely if any defectfound.Positions of holes and built-in parts etc. shall be correct. Propose toconduct numbering on the detailed drawings to avoid omission or beingmiss-placed. It shall be firmly installed and close the formwork afterchecked and found no error.Platform support of formwork must be set up strictly in accordance withdesign drawings to the extent that down part and upper part, in and outpart are uniform.Uniformly remove the formwork in accordance with the required strengthreferred to in “ Construction Acceptance Specifications” and designstipulations. Formwork shall not be removed without consent of relatedtechnical departments, and foreman of carpenters shall double-check itcourse by course. Conduct pressure test on test piece if necessary whenremoving the formwork for fabricated concrete piece to ensure its qualityand safety.Formwork shall be often trimmed and repaired and brush the separatingagent, and keep its leanness and flatness if it is used circularly.4.5.3 Ensuring network for quality of concrete works (reference to Figure 5 for the detail):Figure 5。

施工方案的英文翻译怎么写概述施工方案（Construction Plan）是对工程项目的具体落实、实施过程和步骤进行详细描述的计划文档。

在国际工程项目中，施工方案通常需要提供英文版本。

本文将介绍如何正确、准确地翻译施工方案的英文版本，旨在帮助工程相关人员解决在翻译过程中遇到的问题，并提供一些翻译技巧和注意事项。

翻译流程1. 熟悉原文在进行翻译之前，首先要彻底理解施工方案的原文内容。

对于专业术语和特定行业的名词要有一定的了解，以确保在翻译过程中准确传达原文的意思。

2. 词汇翻译在翻译施工方案时，需要正确翻译其中的专业术语和行业名词。

以下是一些建议的翻译策略：•直接翻译：对于一些普遍使用的术语和名词，可以直接翻译为相应的英文词汇。

•解释翻译：对于一些特定的术语和名词，可以使用解释翻译的方法，即在翻译时同时给出其英文含义。

•拼音翻译：对于一些中文专业术语和名词，可以使用其拼音作为英文译名。

3. 句子结构和语法调整中文和英文在句子结构和语法上存在一定的差异。

在翻译时需要注意调整句子结构和语法，以使翻译后的文档符合英文的表达习惯。

以下是一些常见的调整方法：•主动语态和被动语态：在涉及到动作的描述中，中文通常使用主动语态，而英文更常用被动语态。

在翻译时可以根据上下文和语义调整语态。

•时态转换：中文中的动词时态灵活，而英文时态相对固定。

在翻译时需要根据上下文和语义确定正确的时态。

•并列结构：中文中常使用“和”、“与”等词语连接并列的句子成分，而英文通常使用逗号或者连接词（如and、or）来表示并列关系。

4. 格式调整在进行施工方案翻译时，需要调整格式以符合英文文档的排版习惯。

以下是一些常见的格式调整要点：•标题和副标题：对于中文标题和副标题，可以直接使用英文进行翻译，保持整体文档的一致性。

•缩进和段落：在英文文档中，通常使用缩进和空行来分隔不同的段落和层级。

在翻译时需要注意适当添加缩进和空行，使文档结构清晰。

施工组织设计英文参考文献以下是关于施工组织设计的英文参考文献，供您参考：1. C.J. Anumba, J.E. Bouchlaghem, and R.J. Evbuomwan (1997). The integration of process planning with 3D CAD models for construction project management. Robotics andComputer-Integrated Manufacturing, 13(1), 47-57.2. M.A. Becerik-Gerber, and K.L. Rice (2010). Construction informatics in the 21st century: a review and outlook. Automation in Construction, 19(7), 829-835.3. A. Chao-Duivis, and H.S.M. Schoenmakers (2012). Planning and control of construction projects: a systems approach based on fuzzy logic and simulation. Automation in Construction, 22, 217-225.4. J. Fan, and X. Li (2010). Application of BIM technology in construction project management. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 24(3), 236-243.5. E. Kheradmand, and M.R. Nikakhtar (2012).Multi-objective optimization of construction site layout using genetic algorithms. Automation in Construction, 26, 85-91.6. M. Liao, Y. Luo, and S. Wu (2011). A system dynamics model for construction project management. Automation in Construction, 20(2), 107-114.7. G. Shen, and J. Liu (2004). Integrating case-based reasoning and rule-based reasoning for construction project management decision support. Automation in Construction, 13(1), 11-23.8. T. Tezel, and I. Aziz (2008). Building information modeling (BIM) adoption and implementation for architectural practices. Structural Survey, 26(1), 7-25.9. J. Wang, Y. Wang, and X. Zhang (2010). Construction project management using building information modeling (BIM) in China. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Construction & Real Estate Management, 924-928.10. L. Yi, and L. Chan (2009). A fuzzy set approach for construction project risk assessment and control. Automation in Construction, 18(6), 731-736.以上文献涵盖了施工组织设计中的多个方面，包括计划与控制、BIM技术应用、风险评估与控制等。

CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATION DESIGNFRAME WORKS FORBASF THE/POLY-THF EQUIPMENT1. DescriptionNature of the works: Investor and owner of the works is BASF Chemical Co., Ltd. and TECHNIP TIANCHEN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING （TIANJIN）Co., Ltd. is responsible for general contract management.Basis of the organization design:Working drawings, design description and related standard atlas provided by TECHNIP TIANCHEN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING （TIANJIN）Co., Ltd.;Topography of the construction site and existing buildings (structures) or to be built in the surroundings of the works;Construction contract for the works;Geological report;National specifications, procedures, standards or codes for acceptance of works and Shanghai Municipal regulations and requirements in respect of building construction being currently effective.2. Outline of the worksOutline of the worksThe works is located within SCIP with building area of 3841.63m2 (occupies the land of 7329m2) and is one-story structural frame, reference to the schedule of works items for the details.Table 1- Schedule of works itemsThe construction of the works will be commenced on June 6, 2003 and completed on Nov.15 2003 according to the works program, and its total construction period is 140 calendar days. It’s an isolated foundation of PHC piles and caps, with foundational depth of burial of 1.5~2.5m. The pile works has been completed. THF building’s length: 105.7m, width: 33.7m and story height: 11m; Poly-THF building’s length: 39.7m, width: 35.7m, and story height: 6.5m. The works’ level 100.00 is equal to the a bsolute level of 4.00.All concrete for the works shall be commercial C30/C40 concrete.Site conditionThe construction site of the works is wide, power, water supply and drainage have provided, and the leveling has been completed, it has been get ready for commencement. Temporary power supply for construction has been solved through providing generator by the contractor as well as temporary water supply has been also connected to the site.3. Construction arrangementConstruction organization managementProject methods will be conducted for the construction and we will establish a Project Department in charge of performing the contract in all respects, organizing, inducting managing, coordinating and controlling the construction.The project Dept. will take scientific management, crack and highly effective team as well as reasonable structure as its principle to form a strong construction team for the works’ construction, meanwhile, accept the supervisions of owner and supervisors so to ensure the time and quality of the construction.A project responsible system will be conducted for all works in respect ofproduction, technology, quality, cost and safety, with dynamic management and optimized combination in system. We intends to take corresponding measures as follows in the construction organization and arrangement:3.1.1 In order to ensure the completion of the works in time, except preparation ofmaster program, sectional operation program will be worked out based thereon to control the construction progresses of sectional or sub-item works, organize labors in earnest, arrange overtime work and allocate labors as necessary to the extent that the construction progress is ensured without suspension and holdup in the work, and initiatives of all participates in the construction will be fully given play to, and the construction assigned us by the owner will be completed on or before the specified time.3.1.2 Stress on planning management, properly work out month, week and daywork plans, set up a reliable materials and supporting system to the extent that the supply can be ensured and the transportation meets any requirement.3.1.3 Fully use commercial concrete for the structure of the works, properlycoordinate with concrete suppliers, improve planning and allocation to ensure the construction demands, conduct transaction in the commercial concrete management market and conclude and sign contract in relation thereto.3.1.4 Organization structure on the site: Establish a Project Management Dept. andconduct P roject Manager’s responsible system, set up a construction a technology section, a safety inspection section, a materials section, a financial & budget section, a supporting section under the dept. and uniformly directed by the Project manager. Functions of all sections (see attached management network of organization structure on the site hereinafter) as follows:Technology section: Jointly review workshop drawings, preparing construction methods, detailing drawing, formwork and reinforcement, implementing construction measurement and sorting out technical data, telling the operation sections for sectional or sub-item works of the detailed requirements, solving the technical issues occurred in the construction and organize the construction in accordance with the workshop drawings, related National Codes, Procedures and regulations.Quality inspection section: Be familiar to construction specifications, procedures and standards for quality inspection, performing quality acceptance work in taking-handing-over of all working operations, inspect and supervise the quality of the materials delivered to the site and construction quality on the site. Define the quality target of the works and conduct a quality assessment among all sections.Safety inspection section: Be familiar to safety operation procedures and labor protection ordinance, take the responsibility for safety and civilization inspection in the construction process and put forward opinions for rectification.Materials section: Shall be familiar to the performance and quality requirements of the materials, prepare materials procurement and supply plans, buy corresponding construction materials in time per required by the works, take good care of the materials such as storage, positioned stacking etc, timely provide documentation information in respect of the quality of the materials to technology Section.Financial & budget section: properly take the responsibility for examining and calculating the cost for the works, statistics of the quantity of the works, payment collection, alternation of the construction budget etc.Supporting section: Shall be responsible for living and logistics work, site security, site cleaning and maintaining work.Various operational groups will be set up for organizing labors per trade for the works such as carpenter group, steel bender group, scaffolding work group, concrete group, masonry group, installation group etc. to operateunder coordination and unified direction.3.1.5 Organization of construction management staffs as Figure 1 hereunder:Figure 1 Options for main construction technologiesEarthworks: Adopt heavy excavation with lope for most of the excavation of foundation pit, adopt steel plate pile enclosure protection for partial deep foundation, lower water level with well-point. Excavated mainly with machines and associated with human power to trim the bottom, and provide trucks for transporting and stacking the soil within the site.Rebar works: Fabricate and process rebar works o the site, adopt both flashing butt weld and arc weld for the horizontal joints of rebar, mainly handling them with manpower within the site. Use electro slag pressing weld for vertical rebar joints.Formwork: Spliced with plywood (thickness: 18) and supported it with 48 steel pipe for formwork.Concrete works: Use commercial concrete and pour it through pump with pumping truck for the whole works.Scaffolding works: We use steel pipe scaffolding of ground type and with couplers.Vertical transportation: We mainly use derrick for the transportation and provide it with a 16t mobile crane when installing roof rebar.Construction sequences:3.3.1 Key construction sequences: Pit enclosure protection lower waterlevel through well-points earthwork excavation bedding layer and cutting pipes binding rebar and setting formwork for foundation poring concrete (cure) for foundation backfilling upper-structure roof structure equipment foundation and the foundation at level 100.00 operated synchronically post-pour concrete belt.3.3.2 Concrete of footing beam of the foundation of THF/Poly-THF is planned tobe poured first to the bottom of the bedding slab, backfill after formwork removed, lay bottom formwork of filling slab and pour concrete.3.3.3 Horizontal construction section of THF equipment will be divided into 2 flowsections as post-pouring belt and operated crossly. It shall not require dividing into flow sections because the area for Poly-THF equipment is small.Schedule of fabrication of test cubes (reference to table 2 for the detail):selves first, and report it to Quality Section to double check after the works qualified.24 hours prior notify owner and quality supervisor in writing for joint-acceptance after the double check, and properly record the inspection. It shall operate the next operation sequence only after the works accepted as qualified. Acceptance schedule for concealed works (reference to Table 3 for the detail):The works is a exclusive concrete frame structure, ensuring its verticality and correct axis is a key work, technical re-check system must be conducted therefore to avoid technical errors. All technical staffs at any level, sectional and group leaders shall honestly and strictly carry out the re-check system, properly make records in respect of the check, conduct double check and acceptance section by section, time by time based on the requirements of the progress to the extent thateach sub-item works is re-checked when it constructed, without omission and no substitution of each other, technical chief shall not sign the technical double check records and next course shall not be begun if the works not being accepted. Schedule of technical re-check (reference to Table 4 for the detail):4. Quality PlanTechnical managementAfter received the drawings, organize related staffs and all professionals to properly joint-review the drawings, timely solve the problems found in the drawings and specially assign persons to responsible for the management and negotiation work.Specially assign persons to take responsibility for preparing construction organization design, organization design for single item works and new technological cards, strictly carry out the rules in respect of review, approval. Alternation and inspection based on the practice of construction to the extent that the works can be executed only after related methods or plans made.In addition to preparing construction organization and technology scheme, organize staffs and labors to study them and properly conduct telling the technical details as well as the working post training.Organize the work of processing, ordering and detailing drawings, uniformly manage processing and ordering materials at home and abroad, perform the double check in relation thereto.During the construction, seriously accumulate technical information, and define the filing items, copies and standards. Timely collect data and prepare files of completion as required by National major project.Stress on inspection, test and handling work of raw materials, factory’s certificate, permit and certificates of site double check.Stress on technical control in special process.Stress on control of measurement, setting out and level control as well as the observation of settlement and communication.Technical protection measures for finished products.Quality controlBreakdown the target of construction quality control, define quality target of unit, sectional and sub-item works.Perfectly establish a quality control system to the extent that post liability system can be put into practice, the duty assigned to each person and an examiningsystem can be implemented.Establish a leading group for good quality creating activities.Highlight standards of quality acceptance, conduct the rule of quality sample first and the system of together accepting and determining by tree parties-Party A, Party B and Supervisor.Focus on the quality of pile foundation treatment, butt weld of rebar, concrete pouring and the main structure works.Set up a quality control group for the quality control of special process, and properly conduct quality control work such as plan, execution, inspection, conclusion, improvement etc. applying PDCN circulation principle to the extent that enable the whole process always under a stable control.Collect information, and conduct comparison and analysis with computer information managerial program for submission, jointly study and decision to improve the works’ quality.Conduct a system of self-inspection, mutual inspecting and taking-handing-over acceptance, and report to the supervisor for his acceptance of the concealed works.Strictly carryout the Chief engineer’s signature of instructions for concrete pouring etc.Periodically or temporarily invite related specialist to direct on the site.After the completion, we will assign a special group conduct a revisit the owner and general contractor and service and provide service on calls.Fulfilling and ensuring measures for quality target4.3.1 Quality target of the works: ensure the qualified ratio of the works as 100%.4.3.2 Quality ensuring system(1) Place the works in our company’s list of major and key works.(2) Place the quality of the works in the plan of creation of good quality.(3) Establish a quality control and good quality creation groups leaded byCompany’s Chief Engineer, Manager of Engineering Dept., ProjectManager, Project Engineer and Technical officer.(4) Conduct monthly and temporary inspection by company, weeklyinspection organized by the project dept., qualit y controller’s monthlyinspection, group’s self-inspection, mutual inspection andtaking-handing-over inspections.(5) Conduct QC group’s activities for settling technical problems in respect ofquality to improve works quality and eliminate common quality defects.Fully apply ISO 9002 Quality System to conduct process control andacceptance certification work.(6) Obey owner and supervisor’s instructions on the site.(7) Breakdown the duties to each person, clearly define the division of workand establish reward and fine regulations level by level, adopt amplerewards and grievous penalty system.(8) Works Quality Ensuring System (reference to Figure 2 for the detail):Figure 2 Management Structure Network on the siteEnsuring measures for qualityQuality control of mobilization(1) Conduct education of quality consciousness in earnest to the extent thatall staffs and operators firmly establish the subjective thought of “Quality First”, and clearly know the quality target of the works.(2) Workout corresponding detailed rules and regulations on good qualitycreation plan.(3) Work out ensuring measures for special quality.(4) Work out quality control and quality inspecting plans for key operationsequences.(5) Optimize the construction organization design and work out operationalguiding book for sectional and sub-item works.(6) Conduct joint-review of the drawings, study technical standards in allrespects, construction specifications, operational procedures and construction organization design, as well as technical exchanges and control work in earnest.(7) Make sure of the resources of the raw materials and ensure the supplyand transportation.Quality control in the process(1) Telling the technical and quality requirements in detail prior to executeany sequences to the extent that any operators clearly know the operational technology, and the quality purpose can be realized.(2) All construction sequences must implement acceptance specificationsfor building works and related regulations on works’ quality currently in force.(3) The quality of all raw materials, finished and semi-finished products shallbe in accordance with the acceptance specifications of related national authorities and the stipulations in relation thereto referred to in the tender documents, and stress on the protection of the same products.(4) Perfectly conduct construction diary work, timely deal with conformationsheet for all alternated works and well collect and manage the technical information of all kinds.(5) Strictly conduct ‘Three-inspection System” for sub-item works, fix personand post and construct with tags and signboard, timely and properly conduct acceptance and assessment work of quality-class, key sequences will conduct TQC activities.(6) Concealed works must be accepted as qualified in accordance with theregulations and the next sequence can be started thereafter.(7) Actively conduct quality control in all aspects, establish a quality ensuringsystem and adopt standardized working procedures in the construction.(8) Prompt self-inspection by groups, mutual inspection andhanding-taking-over inspection.(9) As for decoration works, it will adopt a sample leaded rule, can the worksof large area be constructed only after the sample being confirmed.(10) Actively prompt to use new technology and techniques.Quality control of procurement(1) Prepare materials procurement plan as required by the project, thematerials procured shall be noted with their names, quantities, sizes, delivery date to the site, delivery ways, name of suppliers, standards for test and verification mode.(2) Conduct assessment of qualified sub-contractors and suppliers, assesstheir ensuring capability for equal quality, social credit. Qualified subcontractors and suppliers for this project will be selected from our name list of the qualified, and conduct period and unscheduled adjust of the assessment of them.(3) When the client requires to verify the supplied materials or equipment,procurement dept. must provide related certificate of quality and test report, owner’s verification shall not release us from the liabilities for providing qualified goods and nor eliminate owner’s rejection of the goods.Control of identification of products(1) Identifications of products delivered to the site shall include: name ofdealer, manufacturer, name, quantity and size and type of the products, test report, defects liability sheet, date of production and certificate of quality etc.(2) Products identifications shall be recorded in storing register and cardafter qualified goods received into store.(3) Identifications of construction process (storage, sectional and sub-itemworks).(4) Each product or products of each lot shall have exclusive identificationso to ensure its trace-ability.Control of test and inspection(1) Conduct inspection and test when goods delivered to the site, inspect itsquality assurance, quality certificate, test report, as for special materials, specially nominate a person or persons to inspect them through sampling and the method as required.Materials not be inspected and tested shall not be processed or incorporated into the works.(2) Process inspection and testSectional and sub-item works must be inspected and tested in accordance with the acceptance specifications, design and functional requirements in the process, those haven’t been inspected and tested or not qualified works shall not start next sequence of the works.(3) Final inspection and test1) Prior to conduct final inspection of unit works, Project Dept. willorganize related departments to conduct test-run of ventilation,power and water supply system, test on system commissioning andrecords.2) Our company will assess the inspection and confirm the quality classof the final inspection, and test in accordance with inspectionassessment criteria of building and installation works, report them toquality supervisory authorities after the same reviewed, confirmed byGeneral Manager and Chief Engineer with company’s seal, productsfailed to pass the review and conformation shall not be delivered foruse.Aimed measures for quality controlWe will work out aimed quality ensuring measures in different construction sages based on our great deal of practices and incorporating with the actual conditions.Quality ensuring measures for rebar works (reference to Figure 3 for the detail):Figure 31) General measuresa. Foreman must tell the operators the detailed sequences,methods and requirements of rebar prior to the construction,double check rebar’s size and quantity and position at any time.Omission of ring clips at nodal points of beam and column shallbe strictly prohibited and size of rebar in complicated positionsshall be specially pay attention to.b. Inspection must be conducted to inspect rebar of upper andlower courses of basement bottom slab and the support ofcantilever structure whether are firm and reliable after rebarbinding work completed.c. The thickness of rebar protection course shall be complying todesign drawings. Numbers of the rebar joints in the samesection shall conform to the requirements of specifications.d. Strictly control the inserting position of rebar for columns to avoiddisplacement of rebar and its size not conform to designdrawings. Cement grout at the foot must be clearly removedprior to bind rebar of columns, and pat attention to its verticalityof vertical rebar, horizontal and clips shall not be bound underinclined conditions. Make a contracting clip on the insertingrebar to link them together so to avoid any displacement or bent.e. Strictly control the height of negative rebar of slab surfaceespecially the overhanging position, set rebar split heads andgang-board to avoid rebar being lowered due to stepping on it.Acceptance sheet shall be separately issued for overhangingstructure.f. Rebar in the works shall not be alternated without authorization,if it surely needs adjustment based on the actual conditions, itmust be approved by designer and technical departments, andtechnical confirmation sheet shall be issued.g. Bent and deformed rebar shall be rectified prior to use it, oil andmud on rebar shall be clearly removed.h. Rebar shall be bound firm at the center and both ends of thelapped position; All contacting points of beam’s main rebar andclips shall be bound form with wire, except all cross-points ofrebar of wall and floor slabs bearing forces in both directionsshall be bound firm, the medial positions shall be bound inalternated form like winter-sweet.i. Except the lapped binding and anchoring of rebar shall conformto the specifications, they shall also meet the designedanti-seismic requirements. If it requires leaving holes, for built-inparts and pipelines in rebar binding, and interrupted rebar shallbe cut therefore, reinforcement coil shall be set accordingdrawings and solve the related problems with related persons.Moving, removing and cutting without authorization shall bestrictly prohibited.j. Specially assign a person or persons to monitor when pour concrete and rectify the deviations may occur at any time.k. Acceptance sheet must have signature of Quality Officer. Quality analysis meeting shall be holed in respect of the construction ofeach stage to find the defects and put forward measures forrectifying them. Assist supervisors in acceptance of unit worksand carefully rectify the defects so to ensure the quality of theworks. Starting the next sequence can be conducted only afterthe current sequence works being accepted.2) Electric arc weldingA. Preparation prior to the welding.Clean the edges of welding joints (oil, rust, dew etc.);Inspect welding materials (electrode, flux whether conform tothe requirements);Technical documents (drawings and technology etc.);Welding equipment etc.B. 2 tension test pieces shall be fabricated under the sameconditions prior to welding rebar. Official welding can bepermitted only when the test result greater than the tensionstrength of rebar of same kind. Mainly conduct visualinspection of welded joints after the welding, the jointsrequire flat and smooth surface, without cracks, no clearundercut, concave, wart, cramped cinder and air hole. Clearsound can be heard from welded joints when bit them withsmall hammer. Dimensions and deviation of defects shallconform to “Specifications of Rebar Welding an d Acceptance(JGH18-96)”.3) Electro slag hyperbaric weldingOperators must have operation certificates, and welding flux must be dry over heat prior to the welding. Check operational rebar fixtures at any time and release of the fixtures after the weld shall not be too early. Select suitable welding current and conducting time based on the diameters of rebar. Stress on self-inspection of the sequences and record it well. The end of rebar shall be even, its rust removed, as for rebar being butt jointed in vertical axis, especially the edge joints of upper and lower rebar shall be aligned, bent at the joint not exceed 2 degrees, axis deviation at the joint not exceed o.1 d, and not exceed 2 mm. After the weld, there will be an even weld at the joint, no cracks, no observable defects like burn on the surface.Where the displacement of rebar at a joint exceeds the specifiedstandard, it shall be re-welded. Meanwhile, in order to make up theloss in length in the welding, the length of rebar may be 5 cmextended (that is 1-2d), the joints shall be visually checked one byone, and shall sample a group (3 pieces) from similar joints of 300each course for test.Ensuring network for quality of formwork (reference to Figure 4 for the detail):Figure 4(1) Poor or good fabrication of formwork will directly relate to the quality ofconcrete. We will use small steel formwork and plywood (9-layers) for beams, columns and walls, and the control of installing deviation shall be in accordance wit h the enterprise’s standards.(2) Before the formwork construction, configuration design for supportingsystem and formwork shall be conducted first, work out the arranging diagram. Person in charge of detailing drawings and foreman must tell the group persons the detailed requirements in respect of supporting and arrangement of formwork, operation sequences, assembling and removing methods. Formwork and its fittings delivered to the site shall be inspected and sorted and counted in accordance with the regulations and quantity, all those not qualified shall not be used.(3) Processed steel formwork for round column shall be pre-assembled onthe ground, its plan dimension, flatness and connecting points shall be checked, and only the qualified can be used.(4) Axis position and sectional dimension shall be correctly controlled in theinstallation of the formwork, and the spliced joints shall be tight. The joints of 1mm shall be sealed with suitable materials or tinplate, if the span exceeds 4m, an arch of 0.3% shall be formed.(5) Water stopping steel plate of basement shall be strictly executed inaccordance with the drawings, fixed with welding rebar to ensure a correct position and level of the whole steel plate.(6) Supporting system of formwork must be horizontally flat and verticallystraight with firm supporting points, fasteners and bolts must be fastened, and assemble formwork strictly in accordance with the arranging diagram.Specially assign a person or persons to check the formwork’s supports, bolts, fasteners and column clips etc., and rectify it timely if any defect found.(7) Positions of holes and built-in parts etc. shall be correct. Propose toconduct numbering on the detailed drawings to avoid omission or being miss-placed. It shall be firmly installed and close the formwork after checked and found no error.(8) Platform support of formwork must be set up strictly in accordance withdesign drawings to the extent that down part and upper part, in and out part are uniform.(9) Uniformly remove the formwork in accordance with the required strengthreferred to in “ Construction Acceptance Specifications” and design stipulations. Formwork shall not be removed without consent of related technical departments, and foreman of carpenters shall double-check it course by course. Conduct pressure test on test piece if necessary when removing the formwork for fabricated concrete piece to ensure its quality and safety.(10) Formwork shall be often trimmed and repaired and brush the。

施工专业英语词汇施工专业英语词汇ilxyonline编辑积分: 571发帖: 338于2006-08-0913:48施工construct; execution; construction; execution of works 施工安装图construction and erection drawing 施工安装用的机械及工具machines and tools for construction and erection 施工标桩construction stake 施工布置图construction plan 施工步骤construction procedure; construction steps 施工测量construction survey 施工程序construction program; execution programme for works 施工程序网络图project network 施工贷款construction loan 施工单位construction organization; builder 施工道路construction road okok.or g施工地点job location 施工吊车construction hoist 施工定额construction norm 施工队construction team 施工方法job practice 施工方式form of construction work 施工费用construction cost 施工缝construction joint 施工工程construction work 施工工程师construction engineer; operating engineer 施工工程学construction engineering 施工工期construction period 施工工种construction trade 施工规模scope of construction item; size of construction 施工荷载construction loads; working load 施工合同construction contract 施工机械construction machinery 施工机械费cost of constructor's mechanical plant 施工机械化mechanization of building operation; mechanization of construction 施工机械化系数coefficient of construction mechanization 施工技术财务计划financial plan for construction technology 施工计划construction plan; construction program(me)施工监督supervision of construction; supervision; monitoring 施工检查inspection of construction 施工检查员construction inspector 施工阶段construction stage; construction phase 施工进度construction progress 施工进度表schedule of construction; schedule of operations;work-schedule 施工进度计划detailed construction schedule; construction schedule 施工经济学construction economics 施工经理construction manager 施工经验construction experience 施工卷扬机builder's hoist; builder's winch okok.or g施工临时螺栓construction bolt 施工流水作业法construction streamline method 施工面积floor space under construction 施工平面图construction plan 施工期construction period 施工起重机construction hoist 施工企业construction enterprises 施工前阶段preconstruction stage 施工区construction area 施工缺陷constructional deficiency 施工人员constructor; builder 施工设备plant for construction; construction equipment 施工设计detail design; detailed engineering 施工水平仪builder's level 施工说明general des cription of construction 施工说明书construction specifications 施工图设计construction documents design 施工图设计阶段construction documents design phase; construction documents phase 施工图预算working drawing estimate 施工文件construction documents (包括施工图及说明)施工误差construction error 施工现场fabricating yard; job location 施工详图detail of construction; construction detail; working drawing 施工项目project under construction; construction item 施工项目编号construction item reference number 施工效率efficiency of construction 施工性能workability 施工许可证builder's licence 施工验收技术规范technical code for work and acceptance 施工依据manufacture bases 施工营业执照builder's licence 施工预算construction estimate 施工执照building permit 施工准备preliminary work for construction; preparations for construction 施工准备计划preparatory plan 施工总平面图overall construction site plan 施工总则general conditions of construction 施工组织设计construction management pla n 施工作业计划work element construction program 项目subject of entry; item 项目报告project paper 项目编制阶段project preparation phase 项目标记project mark 项目财务估价project financial evaluation 项目采购project purchasing 项目成本project cost; item cost 项目筹备融通资金project preparation facility (PPF)项目贷款project finance; project-financing loan; project loan 项目单menu 项目的拟订project formulation 项目的所有者owner of the project 项目的总投标价值total tender value of project 项目发展周期project development cycle 项目范围scope of project 项目方案project alternatives 项目分隔符item separation symbol 项目分类classification of items 项目分配allocation of items 项目分析item analysis 项目工程师project engineer 项目工程师负责制project engineer system 项目管理project management 项目管理人project manager 项目号item number 项目核对法check list (市场调查技术之一)项目核准权projects approval authority okok.or g项目后评价post project evaluation 项目后评价和后继行动post project evaluation and followup 项目划分segregation of items 项目化组织projectized organization 项目环境生态评价environmental appraisal of a project 项目货款额度project line 项目技术评价project technology evaluation 项目计划project plan 项目计划设计图project planning chart 项目记录item record 项目加权item weighting 项目检验回归曲线item-test regression curve 项目建设费用cost of project implementation 项目建设进度表project implementation scheduling okok.or g项目建议书proposals for the projects 项目经济估价project economic evaluation; economic evaluation of a okok.or gproject 项目经理project manager 项目矩阵组织project matrix organization 项目控制project control 项目块entry block 项目历史history of project 项目目标管理project management by objectives 项目拟订project formulation 项目匹配法matching item 项目评估project appraisal; project evaluation 项目评估法Project Evaluation and Review Technique 项目企业经济评价enterprise's economic appraisal of a project 项目删除deletion of items 项目上端item top 项目社会评价project's social value appraisal 项目设备project equipment 项目设计item design 项目设计工程师负责制project engineer responsibility system 项目生产project production 项目说明item des cription 项目说明书specification of an item 项目投资时期investment phase of a project 项目图与布置图project charts and layouts 项目网络法project network technique okok.or g项目网络分析project network analysis okok.or g项目文件item file 项目小组project group; project team organiztion 项目行item line 项目修理通知单item repairing order 项目选择project selection 项目训练法project training 项目研究编目item study listing 项目研究小组project team 项目一次采购法project purchasing 项目一览表itemized schedule 项目预算program budget; project budget 项目预算编制program budgeting 项目政治评价political appraisal of a project 项目支助业务project supporting services 项目执行project implementation 项目执行情况审计报告project performance audity report (PPAR)项目指标project indicators 项目转移item advance 项目资金筹措project financing。

Owner/Client/Customer/Company 业主Buyer 买方Seller/vendor 卖方Licensor 专利商Licensee 专利受让方Third party 第三方Patent 专利Property/proprietory technology 专利技术Know-how 专有技术/知识Contractor 承包商Subcontractor分包商Supplier 供货商Sub-supplier 分供商Manufacturer 制造厂家Limited liability 有限责任Joint venture 合资企业Foreign-funded enterprise 外商独资企业Chairman 董事长Board of director 董事会President/ General manager 总经理Legal representative 法人Authorized representative 授权代表Power of attorney 委托书Signature 签字Official seal公章SEI-Sinopec Engineering Incorporated 中国石化工程建设公司SSEC-Sinopec Shanghai Engineering Company 中国石化上海工程公司SNEC-Sinopec Ningbo Engineering Company 中国石化宁波工程公司TCC-Tianchen Chemical Engineering Company 中国天辰化学工程公司HQCEC- Huanqiu Contracting & Engineering Corp.中国寰球化学工程公司LPEC-Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Company 洛阳石油化工工程公司LDI-Sinopec Lanzhou Design Institute 中国石化兰州设计院Chengda Chemical Engineering Company 中国成达化学工程公司Hualu Engineering Company中国华陆工程公司Aker Kvaerner 克瓦纳（英）Bechtel 柏克德（美）AMEC 阿美科（英）Fluor 福陆（美）Foster Wheeler 福斯特惠勒（美）Technip 德西尼布（法）TR-Técnicas Reunidas联合技术公司（西班牙）JGC 日晖（日）Toyo 东洋（日）ABB Lummus ABB鲁玛斯（美）SINOPEC 中石化CNOOC中海油PETROCHINA 中石油EXXONMOBIL 埃克森美孚（美）SHELL 英荷壳牌BP 英国石油（英）BASF 巴斯夫（德）Chevron 雪佛龙（美）Dow Chemical 陶氏化学（美）Sumitomo 住友（日）Saudi Aramco 沙特阿美（沙特）UOP 环球油品公司（美）Project/Work项目/工程Rabigh Development Project 拉比格炼油项目Location 未置/地点Onshore/domestic 国内、国产Offshore/overseas 国外、进口Plant 装置Facility 设施Unit 装置/单元Permanent/temporary work 永久工程/临时工程Project/Plant/Job/Construction Site现场Battery limit 界区/红线Fence 围墙Embankment/bund 围堤Containment 围护Retaining wall 挡土墙Onsite/ISBL-Inside Battery Limit 场内Offsite/OSBL-Outside Battery Limit 场外Contract/agreement 合同/协议Memorandum of Understanding 谅解备忘录Letter of Intent意向书Original 原件/正本Copy 复印件/副本Duplicate 一式两份Triplicate一式三份Quadruplicate一式四份Quintuplicate一式五份Sextuplicate一式六份Septuplicate一式七份Octuplicate一式八份Nonuplicate一式九份Decuplicate一式两份Blueprint 蓝图Distribution 分发Holder 持有人Transmittal 文件传送单Controlled copy 受控版本Uncontrolled copy 非受控版本Edition 版本Revision 版次、修订版Terms and conditions 条款General conditions 通用条款Special conditions 特殊条款Sign/Execute/Enter into 签署Come into force/effect生效Effective Date 生效日期Contract term 和同期Expiration 届满、到期Termination 提前终止Obligation 义务Liability（债务）责任Performance 执行、业绩Breach 违约Default 失职Negligence 疏怠职责Remedy 救济、补救Compensation 补偿Performance guarantee 性能保证Waiver 放弃/弃权Severability 可分割性Modification/Change/Variation/Change Order 变更/变更单Amendment 修订Supplement/Addition/Addendum增加/增补Deletion删除Governing law 管辖法律Assignment/transfer 转让Insurance 保险Worker’s compensation 工伤责任险Employer’s liability 雇主责任险All-loss liability 一切损失险Policy保单Insurance certificate 保险证书/凭证QA-Quality Assurance质保QC/Quality Control 质控Procurement and supply 采购供应Schedule and progress control 工期与进度控制Reporting 报告Acceptance 验收Spare part 备件Rework 返工Repair 修补/修复/修理Replacement 更换Substitute 替换/代用Warranty Period 保质期Claim 索赔HSE-Health, Safety and Environmental 健康、安全与环境HSSE- Health, Safety, Security & Environmental 健康、安全与环境Taxes 税款Liquidated damages 违约赔偿Invoice 发票Payment 付款Intellectual property right 知识产权Confidentiality 保密Disclosure 披露Prior oral/written consent 事先口头/书面同意Publication 公开/宣传Suspension 停工Take-over/hand-over 交工Force Majeure 不可抗力Lien 留置（权）Withhold/retention 扣缴款Dispute resolution 争议解决Arbitration 仲裁Notice 通知Courier 快递DHL/FedExpress/ UPS/TNT 敦豪（德）/联邦快递（美）/环球快递（美）/荷兰邮政快递（荷兰）/EMS中国邮政特快专递Subcontract 分包/分包合同Specification 标准、规范Code/norm 规范Standard/criterion 标准Reference 参考文件Definition （术语）定义Manufacturer’s Inst ruction/ Recommendations 制造厂家说明/建议Operation & Maintenance Manual 操作维修手册ISO-国际标准化组织GB-中国国标ANSI-American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准BS-英国国家标准AFNOR-法国标准JIS-日本工业标准DIN-德国工业标准ASME-美国机械工程师学会ASTM-美国材料试验学会API-美国石油学会EPC-Engineering, Procurement and Construction工程设计、采购与施工EP-Engineering and Procurement 工程设计与采购PMC-Project Management Contractor 项目管理承包商CM-Construction Management 施工管理CS-Construction Supervision监理C-Construction 施工Turnkey 交钥匙Contract price 合同价款Settlement/Accounting结算Lump sum price 总包价Fixed price 固定价Reimbursable price 补偿价Unit rate 单价ITB-Invitation to Bid 招标文件RFP-Request for Proposal 招标文件RFQ-Request for Quotation 询价文件Appendix/Annex/Attachment/Exhibit/Schedule 附录/附件/附表BOQ-Bill of Quantity 工程量表MTO-Material Takeoff 料表Tender/Bidder 招标人/投标人Inquiry 询价Proposal 标书Technical proposal 技术标Commercial proposal 商务标Total 合计Subtotal 小计Grand total 总计Deviation/Exception 偏差/例外Closing date 截标日期Evaluation 评标Contract award 合同授予Successful bidder 中标人Negotiation 谈判Site visit 现场参观/勘查Visitor 来访人员Pass/badge/ID Card通行证/胸牌/身份证FEED-Front End Engineering Design 前端工程设计FEL-Front End Loading 扩初设计Basic design 基本设计Detail design 详细设计PDP-Process Design Package 工艺设计包BDP-Basic Design Package 基础设计包General layout/arrangement/Plot plan总平面布置Title block标题栏Scale比例尺/刻度/地磅Legend 图例Plan 平面图Elevation 立视图/标高Section 剖面图View 视图Detail 详图Typical 标准图Sketch 草图、简图Shop drawing 车间制造详图P&ID-Piping & Instrument Diagram 管道仪表流程图Isometric drawing （管道）单线图Hook-up 接线图Flow sheet/diagram/chart 流程图Issued for ITB 用于招标Issued for Review/Approval 用于审核/批准Issued for Comments 用于征求意见Approved for construction 批准用于施工Temporary facilities/utilities 临时设施/公用设施Deliverable交付文件/交付项Organization 组织机构Organization chart 组织机构图Responsibility matrix 责任矩阵Key personnel 关键人员Resume/CV 简历Proposed position 拟推荐职位Name 姓名Sex 性别Nationality国籍/民族Date of birth 出生日期Place of birth 出生地Address地址Education 教育/学历Work experience 工作经历FCC-No.4 construction company SINOPEC/FluidCatalytic Cracking 中国石化集团第四建设公司/流化催化裂化Project management team 项目部IPMT-Integrated Project Management Team 一体化项目管理部Functional department 职能部门Project Manager/Director 项目经理/主任Deputy Project Manager 项目副经理Chief Engineer总工程师Administrative Department/division 行政部Construction Department/Division 施工部Project Control Department/Division 项目控制部Supply & Procurement Department/Division 采购供应部Quality Department 质量部HSE Department 安全部Financial Department 财务部HR-Human resources 人力资源Job team 施工队Foreman 工长/班长Technical title 技术职称Senior engineer 高工Engineer 工程师Assistant engineer 助工Trainee 实习生Employee/Staff member 员工Technical supervisor 施工员Direct manpower 直接人工Indirect manpower 间接人工Manhour人工时Craftsman 技工Craft/trade 工种Skilled worker 熟练工人Helper 力工Carpenter 木工Rebar fitter 钢筋工Pipe fitter 管工Bricklayer 瓦工Concrete worker 混凝土工Surveyor 测量员Scaffolder 架子工Welder 焊工Mechanical operator 机械操作人员Iron worker 铆工Rigger 起重工Locksmith/riveter/mechanic 钳工NDT worker 探伤工Painter 油漆工Insulator 保温工Material handler 材料搬运工Electrician 电工Instrument worker仪表工Overhead 一般管理费用Profit 利润Income tax 所得税Work Execution Plan 施工组织设计/项目执行计划Statement of Methodology 施工方案Procedure 规程、程序Plan 计划、方案Submittal 递交（文件）Review 审核Approval 批准Preparation/development 编制Index / Table of Contents 目录Commencement 开工Kick-off meeting 开工会Groundbreaking ceremony 动工仪式Survey 勘查Bench marks 基准点Mobilization 进场Demobilization 出场Construction equipment 施工设备Manpower Histogram人工直方图Construction schedule 施工进度计划Barchart schedule 横道图Network schedule 网络图Critical path 关键路径、统筹法Milestone dates 里程碑/关键控制点日期Activities 作业活动Early start 开工日期Early finish 完工日期Duration 工期Target/objective 目标Primavera Project Planer---P3Monthly/weekly report 月报/日报Statistics 统计数据Float 浮点、时间差Master/Level 1,2,3,4 schedule 总体/一、二、三、四级进度计划Look-ahead schedule 滚动计划Progress 进度S curve 进度曲线Planned/Actual/Forecast 计划/实际/预计Cut-off date 截止日期Weighting point 加权点Status 状态Update 更新WBS-Work Breakdown System 工程分解系统CBS-Cost Breakdown System 费用分解系统Progress measurement 进度测量Coordination 协调/调度Liaison/Contact 联系人Recovery 赶工Acceleration 加快进度Shift work 倒班Daytime shift 白班Nighttime shift夜班Shift leader 值班长Off duty歇班DST-Daylight saving time 夏时制Mechanical completion 机械完工Interim completion 中间完工Substantial completion 大致完工Final acceptance certificate 最终验收证书Punch list/outstanding/Punch-off/closing 尾项/收尾System handover 系统交工Beneficial occupancy 提前占用Handover documentation 交工资料Dossier/archives 档案As-built drawing with marks-up 竣工图Prefabrication 预制Installation/erection 安装Mechanical completion 机械完工System handover 系统交工Final acceptance 最终验收Checklist 检查清单Release 放行Precommissioning 预试车Commissioning 投料试车Commissioning guarantee 保镖Start-up 开车RFSU—Ready for Startup作好开车装备Put into operation 投运Discipline/specialty 专业Civil 土建Structural Steel 钢结构Piping 管道Long haul piping长输管道Mechanical 机械Rotating equipment 动设备Static equipment 静设备Electrical 电气Instrumentation 仪表Lifting 吊装Heavy lifting 大型吊装Painting 油漆Lining 衬里Insulation 保温Utility 公用设施Tie-in 接点Fluid 流体介质/物料Plant air 装置/工厂风Instrument air 仪表风Compressed air 压缩空气ASU-Air Separation Unit空分装置Inert gas惰性气体Argon 氩气Oxygen 氧气Hydrogen氢气Nitrogen 氮气Natural gas 天然气LNG 液化天然气Petroleum gas 石油气LPG 液化石油气LIN 液氮LOX液氧LAR液氩PSA 变压吸附装置Cooling water冷却水make-up water补充水Potable/drinkable water饮用水fresh water 新鲜水Demineralized/soften water 脱盐/软化水Fire water消防水Steam 蒸气Fuel 燃料Power 电、动力Power supply 供电Grid 电网Overhead cable 架空电缆Generator 发电机IGCC-integrated gasification combined cycle/cogeneration of steam and power 汽电联产Blowdown排污Lube oil润滑油Vent 排气Drain 排水/液Petrochemical 石油化工A/V distillation unit 常压/减压蒸馏装置Hydrotreater 加氢精制装置Hydrocracker 加氢裂化装置Cracker 裂解装置LOP乙烯裂解装置/低烯烃装置Delay Coker 延迟焦化装置Desulphurization unit 脱硫装置Sulphur recovery unit 硫磺回收装置Sour water stripping unit 酸水汽提装置PX/Aromatics plant芳烃装置Ethylene 乙烯装置EO/EG环氧乙烷/乙二醇PE/PP/PS聚乙烯/聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯Polyester聚酯Crude oil 原油Naphtha 石脑油Gasoline 汽油Diesel 柴油Kerosene 煤油Jet kerosene 航空煤油Residue 渣油Slop 污油Terminal 接收站Jetty 码头Tank farm罐区Storage tank 储罐Loading arm 鹤臂Berth 泊位Mooring 停泊处Dolphin 系船桩PPE-Personal Protective Equipment劳保用品/设备Hard hat 安全帽Safety glasses/goggles 安全眼镜/护目镜Safety boots 安全鞋Hearing protection 听力保护Safety belt/harness 安全带/安全肩带Potential hazard 隐患Hazard identification 危害识别Risk assessment 风险评估Mitigation 降低Elimination 消除HAZOP 危害与可操作性分析Tripping hazard 绊倒危害Falling hazard 坠落危害Safety induction/education/training 入场教育/培训Toolbox meeting 工前安全会Briefing 交底Lost-time accident 损失工时事故Reportable accident可上报事故Nearmiss 未遂事件Accident investigation 事故原因调查Major accident 重大事故Death/injury/casualty/fatality 死亡/伤害/伤亡/死亡Act of God 天灾Disciplinary action 处罚Emergency response 应急响应Evacuation 疏散Muster point 集合点Permit to work 作业许可证Confined space entry 受限空间进入Work at heights 高空作业Scaffolding 架设Lifeline 救生绳/索Free-issued material 甲供材料Material requisition请购单Purchase specification 采购说明书Place an order定购Transportation/transfer/shipment运输Handling倒运/搬运Transfer tank farm 中转油库Tank truck 槽车Railway car铁路货车/车皮Vessel/carrier 运输船Loading装车/装船Unloading 卸车/卸船Packing list 装箱单Bill of Lading 提单Delivery 到货Receiving inspection 到货验收Unpacking inspection开箱检查Commodity inspection 商检Ex-factory inspection 出厂检查Appearance inspection 外观检查PMT-Positive Material Identification材料合金鉴定Mechanical properties 机械性能Chemical composition 化学组分Content 含量/内容Tolerance /Allowable deviation 公差/允许偏差Geometric dimensions 几何尺寸Nonconformity 不一致品/处Reject 拒收、不合格品Acceptable 合格Unacceptable 不合格Hold 待定Use as it 回用Shortage 短缺Overage 溢出Damage/loss 损害/损失Inventory 存货Warehouse-in 入库Warehouse-out 出库Heat No.炉号Lot No. 批次Warehouse keeper 保管员Storage 存储Desiccants干燥剂Preservatives 防腐剂Corrosion inhibitor 缓蚀剂Maintenance 维护Laydown 堆放场Prefabrication yard/shop预制场/厂Withdrawal领料Issue 发放Return 退库Identification marks 标识Cutting切割Transfer 移植Traceability 可追踪性Surplus 剩余材料Bulk material大宗材料Ignition source点火源Inflammable material可燃材料Combustible material易燃材料Hazardous chemical 有害化学品Flash point 闪点Open flames 明火Flame/spark arrester 阻火塞Civil works 土建工程Site preparation 现场处理Leveling 平整Earthwork土方工程Excavation 开挖Trench/pit/sump 沟/井Spoil废土Backfill 回填Compaction 夯实Slope 边坡Slope protection 护坡Shoring 支护Dewatering 排水Water Supply and Drainage system供排水系统underground services 地下公用设施Concrete 混凝土Coarse/fine aggregate 粗/细骨料Portland cement 普通硅酸盐水泥Sand 沙子Flash ash 粉煤灰Admixture 混合物Mix ratio 配合比Ready mix 商品混凝土Batch plant 搅拌站Agitator 搅拌机Vibrator 振捣机Reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土Rebar 钢筋Construction joint 施工缝Expansion joint 膨胀缝/节Water stop 止水带Vapor barrier/ Damp proof course 防潮层Pouring/Casting 浇注Curing 养护Finishing抹面Setting 硬化Slump 塌落度Compressive strength 抗压强度Crushing strength 耐压强度Tensile strength 拉伸强度Formwork 模板Stripping脱膜Embedded items 预埋件Wire mesh 钢丝网Foundation/Footing 基础Anchor bolt 地脚螺栓High strength bolt 高强螺栓Nut 螺母Stud 双头螺柱Tighten 紧固Torque wrench 转矩扳手Pile 桩Pile cap 桩帽/承台Prestressed pile 预应力桩Bored pile 钻孔桩Precast pile 预制桩Cast-in-situ pile 现场浇注桩Pile driver 打桩机Pile tip桩头Carrying/bearing capability 承载能力Settlement 沉降Reinforcing cage 钢筋笼Base plate 底板Gravel fill 砾石垫层Floor slab 底板Saddle 鞍座Grout 灌浆Mortar 砂浆Non-shrink motar不收缩砂浆Shim 垫铁Wedge 斜垫铁Flat strap 扁平钢Tack weld 点焊Waterproof layer 防水层Road 道路Pavement 铺面Vertical arrangement 竖向Bed course 基层Subgrade 路基Curb 路缘石Hard/clay shoulder 硬/软路肩Side ditch 边沟Catch basin 雨水口Side slope 边坡Greening 绿化Sidewalk 人行道Motor vehicle lane 机动车道Non-motor vehicle lane 非机动车道Speed limit 限速Crushed stone 碎石Gravel 砾石Parking lot 停车场Building 建筑Control room 中控室MCC-Motor Control Center马达控制中心Substation 变电站Standby diesel generator 备用柴油发电机Transformer 变压器Compressor house压缩机房Pump station 泵站FAR-Field Auxiliary Room现场辅助间Warehouse 库房Administrative building 行政楼Laboratory 实验室Fire station 消防站Guard room 门卫室Roof 顶Wall 墙、壁板Floor 地板Apron 散水Plaster 抹灰Mastic 玛蹄脂、胶泥Door 门Window窗Parapet wall 女儿墙Skylight 天窗Downspout 雨水管Floor drain地漏Emission 排放Environmental pollution 环境污染Foreign matters 异物Contaminated water 污染水Industrial wastewater 工业废水Sanitary sewage 生活污水HVAC 暖通空调Waste water treatment plant污水处理站Oily sewer 含油污水Clean sewer 清洁污水Rainwater/Stormwater sewer 雨水排污Septic tank化粪池Fire hydrant 消防栓Fire water monitor 消防水炮Fire alarm 火警Warning sign 警示标牌Barricade/barrier 隔离Danger, Keep out 危险，请勿入内No smoking 禁止吸烟Mind your step 注意脚下No admittance /No entry禁止入内Authorized personnel only/staff only 无关人员，不得入内Keep off the grass/lawn 请勿践踏草坪Fire extinguisher 灭火器Structural steel 钢结构Carbon steel 碳钢Stainless steel 不锈钢Killed steel 镇静钢Alloy steel 合金钢H-beam H型钢Shape/profile 型钢Angle 角钢Channel 槽钢I-beam 工字钢Hot-rolled 热轧Cold formed冷成形Beam 梁Column柱Purlin檩Truss 桁架Gusset plate 角接板Member元件Stiffener 筋板Bracket托架Girt圈梁Girder 梁Vent stack 烟囱Stack shaft 烟囱筒体Flue duct 烟道Air duct 风道Lightning arrester避雷针Platform 平台Stair梯子/斜梯Ladder直/爬梯Grating格子板Checked plate花纹板Handrail扶栏Toeboard踢脚板Deformation 变形Deflection 挠度Stability稳定性Buckling 弯曲Levelness水平度Straightness 平直性Out-of-roundness 椭圆度Coaxiality 同轴度Cleanliness清洁度Piping 管道Pipeline 管线Underground piping 地下管线Aboveground piping 地上管线Piperack 管廊、管架Pipe sleeper/track管墩Main/Header 主管/总管Manifold 集合管Branch 支管Riser 上升管Downcomer 下降管Upstream上游Downstream 下游Spool 管段Bundle 管束Hose 软管Bend 弯管Coil盘管Cap 管帽Plug 丝堵Tracer 伴热管Safety Shower 安全淋浴Eyewash Station 洗眼点Elbow 弯头Tee 三通Cross 四通Return 回弯头Reducer 大小头Nipple 短节Union 活接头Coupling 管接头Gasket 垫片Spiral wound gasket 缠绕式垫片Washer 垫圈Flange 法兰Blind 盲板Roughness 粗糙度Thread 螺纹NPT 美国国家锥形管螺纹Bolt 螺栓Nut 螺母Stud 双头螺栓Valve 阀门Check valve止回阀Globe valve 截止阀Gate valve 闸阀Ball valve 球阀Foot valve 底阀/根部阀Plug valve 柱塞阀Butterfly valve 蝶阀Control valve 调节/控制阀Safety valve 安全阀Pressure Relief Valve 卸压阀Trap 疏水器Strainer 粗滤器Silencer 消音器Sight Glass 视镜Rupture Disc 爆破片Packing 填料Butt-Welded 对接焊Socket-Welded 承插焊Flanged 法兰连接Threaded 螺纹连接Expansion Joint 膨胀节Support 支架Hanger 吊架Spring hanger弹簧吊架Shoe 管托Hydrotesting 水压试验Pneumatic testing 气压试验Leak test 试漏Blowing off/purging 吹扫NDE/NDT-Nondestructive Examination/Test 无损探伤RT-Radiographic Test 射线探伤PT-Dye Penetrant Test 着色渗透探伤UT-Ultrasonic Test 超声波探伤MT-Magnetic Powder Test 磁粉探伤Visual Examination外观检查Defect 缺陷Welding 焊接WPS- Welding Procedure Specification 焊接工艺说明书PQR- Procedure Qualification Record焊接工艺评定记录WPQ-Welder’s Performance Qualification 焊工技能评定Weld map 焊缝布置图Welder’s stamp 焊工钢印Interval 间距/间隔Base metal 母材Weld metal 焊缝金属Welding material/consumable 焊材Welding rod/electrode 焊条Flux焊剂Welding Wire 焊丝Drying oven （焊条）烘干箱Holding oven （焊条）恒温箱Quiver （焊条）保温筒Cylinder 气瓶Torch 焊炬Weldability 可焊性End preparation 开坡口Groove 坡口Heat-affected zone 热影响区Root pass打底焊Cover pass 盖面焊Fillet joint填角接头Butt joint 对接接头Socket joint承插接头Lap joint搭接接头Longitudinal seam 纵缝Circumferential seam 环缝transverse seam 横缝Flat 平焊Horizontal 横焊Vertical 立焊Overhead 仰焊Surfacing 堆焊Stringer bead直线焊道Weave bead摆动焊道Preheat 预热PWHT-Post Weld Heat Treatment 焊后热处理Temper 回火Anneal 退火Normalize 正火Interpass temperature 程/层间温度Root opening 根部间隙Welding parameter 焊接参数Weldment / Workpiece 焊件Traveling speed 送丝/移动速度Weld reinforcement 焊缝余高Deformation变形Crack 裂纹Undercut 咬边Slag inclusion夹渣Overlap 焊瘤Lack of fusion/penetration未熔透/未焊透Porosity 气孔Mismatch错位Fish eye白点/鱼眼Backgouging 清根Grinder砂轮机GMAW-Gas Metal Arc Welding 气体保护电弧焊GTAW-Gas Tungsten Arc Welding 钨极惰性气体保护焊SAW-Submerged Arc Welding 埋弧焊TIG-Tungsten Inert Gas Welding氩弧焊SMAW-Shielded Metal Arc Welding 手工电弧焊Uphill 向上Downhill 向下Striking 引弧Sampling取样Test piece/coupon/specimen 试件/试样Random/spot test 抽检Hold point 停止点Witness point 见证点Review point 审核点Check/inspection/examination 检查Supervision/monitoring 监督/监控Equipment 设备Rotating equipment 动设备Static equipment 静设备Horizontal/Vertical Vessel 卧式/立式容器Tag No. /Item No. 位号Nameplate铭牌Code stamp 规范钢印Self-tapping screw 自攻螺丝Place of origin 原产地Alignment找正、对中Turbine 汽轮机Refrigerator 制冷机Expander 膨胀机Cooling Tower 冷却/循环水塔Filter 过滤器Heat Exchanger 换热器KO drum 气液分离器Boiler 锅炉Waste heat boiler余热锅炉Column/Tower 塔Tray 塔盘Internal 内件Reactor 反应器Regenerator 再生器Reboiler 重沸器Absorber 吸收塔Stripper 汽提塔Scrubber 洗涤塔Evaporator 蒸发器Cooler 冷却器Condenser 冷凝器Storage Tank 储罐Silo/Bin 料仓Mixer 混合器Cyclone 旋风分离器Separator 分离器Dryer干燥器Demister 除雾器Furnace 炉子Heater 加热炉Flare 火炬Pump 机泵Compressor 压缩机Air compressor 空压机Centrifugal 离心式Reciprocating 往复式Blower 鼓风机Fan风机Induced draft fan 引风机Conveyor 输送机Elevator 提升机Coupling 联轴节Shaft alignment 轴对中Oil flushing 油洗Manhole 人孔/检查井Package unit/equipment 快装/撬块设备Skid 撬块Long-lead equipment 长周期设备Machine train 机组E/I-Electrical/Instrument 电仪DC-Direct Current直流AC-Alternating Current 交流Induction Motor 感应电动机Oil immersed transformer 油浸式变压器Rectifier 整流器Battery 电池UPS-Uninterrupted Power Supply 不间断电源Switchgear开关柜Circuit breaker 断路器Fuse熔断器Pushbutton 按钮Relay 继电器Explosion-proof防爆Power plant 电厂Gland格兰Electrostatic precipitator静电除尘器Cabling/Wiring 布线/接线Cable laying 电缆敷设Cable tray 电缆槽架/桥架Armored cable 铠装电缆Sheath保护套Optic fiber cable光缆Coaxial cable 同轴电缆Lighting照明Lighting fixture灯具illumination levels 照度Flood light 泛光灯Energizing 送电Lighting tower and pole 照明塔架、灯杆Terminal 端子Conduit 导线管Distribution box 配电箱Socket outlet/plug 插座/插头Junction box 接线箱Grounding/earthing 接地Dielectric tests 绝缘试验SCADA-Supervision Control and Data Acquiring监测控制与数据采集Telecommunication 电信Cable TV有线电视Local/field instrument 现场仪表Cabinet 柜Panel mounted instrument 盘装仪表Safety barrier 安全栅Annunciator报警器Smoke detector 感烟探测器Isolator 隔离器DCS-Distributed Control System分散控制系统Siemens 西门子公司Honeywell 霍尼维尔公司Yokogawa 横河公司FCS-Fieldbus Control System现场总线控制系统Busbar 母线排PMR-Plant Resource Management System工厂资源管理系统PLC-Programmable Logic Controller 可编程控制器Local/Field instrument 就地仪表Console 操作台Local control station 就地操作站ESD-Emergency Shut-down 紧急停车Transmitter变送器Level gage液位计Pressure gage压力计Bimetallic thermometer双金属温度计Thermocouple热电偶Thermowell热电偶套管Flow meter流量计Restrict orifice 限流孔板Analyzer 分析仪Control valve 调节阀Solenoid valve 电磁阀Positioner 定位器Limit switch限位开关Calibration 校验/调试Loop test 回路试验Test run 试运Solo test run 单机试运Anticorrosion 防腐Cathodic protection 阴极保护Painting 油漆Enamel磁漆Epoxy resin 环氧树脂Zinc rich 富锌Red lead primer红丹底漆Polyurethane 聚氨酯Surface preparation 表面处理/除锈Sandblasting/shot blasting 喷砂/喷丸Pickling 酸洗Grinding 打磨Wire brush钢丝刷Primer 底漆Intermediate coat/tie coat 中间漆Finish/top coat 面漆Touchup 补漆Holiday test 油漆试漏Brushing 刷涂Spraying 喷涂Application 涂装Color coding色标DFT-Dry Film Thickness 干膜厚度Magnetic thickness gage 磁性测厚仪Fireproofing 防火Hot insulation 保温Cold insulation 保冷Jacket 外保护层Cladding 覆层Glass fabric/fiber glass 玻璃布Pipe shell管壳Perlite 珍珠岩Mineral wool岩棉In-situ foaming 现场发泡Spacer 支撑环Band 箍带Lap sealer 搭接密封Clip保温卡Staggered joint 错开接缝Heat loss 热损失Ingress of water 水侵入Capillary action 毛细作用Thermal conductivity 导热性Expansion/contraction 膨胀/收缩Cryogenic 低温Cellular glass 泡沫玻璃Acoustic insulation 隔音Removal 拆除/驱逐出场Disposal of处理Personal protection人员防护Access walkway通道Working area工作区Construction equipment施工机具Hand tool手动工具Power tool电动工具Precision 精度Break down 损坏Failure故障Trouble shooting 排除故障Hacksaw钢锯File锉刀Scraper刮刀Chisel凿子Socket wrench套筒扳手Hook spanner钩扳手Adjustable wrench活动扳手Pipe wrench管钳Ratchet wrench棘轮扳手Open end wrench开口扳手Screw driver螺丝刀Hand vice手钳Pliers扁嘴钳Pocket knife小刀Square rule角尺Slide gauge游标卡尺Inside and outside micrometer内径和外径千分尺Steel tape钢卷尺Feeler塞尺Dial gauge千分表Depth micrometer深度千分尺Wire gage线规Radius gage半径规Thread pitch gage螺距规Tachometer转速表Universal meter 万用表Spirit level水平仪Transit theodolite 经纬仪Drill钻机Hydraulic press 液压机Pipe bender 弯管机Shear 剪板机Rolling machine 滚圆机Bulldozer 推土机Loader 装载机Roller 压路机Excavator 挖掘机Pile driver 打桩机Rammer 夯实机Tipcart 翻斗车Forklift 叉车Concrete truck mixer 混凝土搅拌运输车Steel bar cutter 钢筋切割机Steel bar straightening machine 钢筋调直机Steel bar bender 钢筋弯曲机Crane 吊车Hoist / Chain block 倒链Winch 卷扬机Sling 吊索Jack 千斤顶Load 荷载/重物Operating radius 操作半径Site access 现场道路Crane sitting 吊车站位Out-of-level 不平度Wind force 风力Counterweight 配重Luffing 变幅Setting up 安装Dismantling 拆卸Component 部件Jib 吊臂Boom 吊杆Gin pole 抱杆/把杆Mast 桅杆Hook 吊钩Driving mechanism 行车机构Outrigger 外伸支腿/挂架Turntable转台Chassis 底盘Guy wire 拖拉绳Tag line 牵引绳Topping lift 背绳Load line 起重绳Fall line 走绳/跑绳Tailing crane 遛尾吊车Safe load indicator 安全荷载指示器Limit switch 限位开关Safety device 安全装置Abnormal noise 异常噪声Crane operator 吊车司机Signaler, banksman, flagman 指挥人员Whistle 哨子High visibility vest 反光背心Telecommunication system 通讯系统Walkie-talkie/radio 步话机/对讲机Weather conditions 天气状况Weatherproof measures 防风雨措施Suspended load/weight 悬空重物Lightning protection 避雷Multiple crane lifting 多台吊车吊庄作业Crawler crane 履带吊Truck/mobile crane 汽车吊Overhead traveling crane 天车Trolley beam 天车梁Head room净空Clearance/Distance/Interval间距Unit 单位Night operations 晚间作业Housekeeping 文明施工Rags 抹布Trash 垃圾Oil spill 溢油Scrap /Debris 废料Code of conduct 行为准则Business ethics 商业道德Conformity/Compliance 一致性Incentive and penalty 奖惩Corrective action 纠偏措施Preventive action 预防措施Precaution 注意事项Follow-up跟进Audit 审查/审计Fire prevention and fighting 防火、消防Security 保安。

Construction Project DesignIntroduction:Construction project design is a crucial aspect of any construction project. It involves the planning, preparation, and coordination of various activities to ensure the successful completion of a project. This article aims to provide an overview of the construction project design process, including the key components and considerations involved.1. Project Initiation:The first step in the construction project design process is project initiation. This involves understanding the client's requirements and objectives, as well as identifying the project scope and constraints. The design team, including architects, engineers, and consultants, is assembled to work on the project.2. Site Analysis and Survey:Once the project initiation is complete, the next step is to conduct a thorough site analysis and survey. This involves assessing the site conditions, including topography, soil conditions, utilities, and any existing structures. The data collected during this phase is crucial for the design team to make informed decisions throughout the design process.3. Conceptual Design:Based on the site analysis and survey, the design team develops a conceptual design for the project. This involves creating initial sketches, diagrams, and 3D models to visualize the project layout and spatial relationships. The conceptual design phase also includes the consideration of functional requirements, aesthetics, and sustainability aspects.4. Design Development:Once the conceptual design is approved, the design team moves on to the design development phase. This involves refining the design details, specifying materials, and incorporating technical requirements. Thedesign documents, including architectural plans, structural drawings,and mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) drawings, are prepared during this phase. The design development phase also includes the coordination of various disciplines to ensure a cohesive and integrated design.5. Stakeholder Engagement:Throughout the design process, it is essential to engage with stakeholders, including clients, contractors, regulatory authorities,and community groups. Their input and feedback are invaluable inensuring that the design meets their requirements and addresses any concerns. Regular meetings, presentations, and consultations are held to facilitate effective communication and collaboration.6. Design Review and Approval:Once the design is completed, it undergoes a thorough review process. This may involve internal reviews by the design team, as well asexternal reviews by regulatory authorities and other stakeholders. The design review process ensures that the design meets all applicable codes, regulations, and standards. Any necessary revisions or modifications are made during this phase.7. Construction Documentation:The final step in the construction project design process is the preparation of construction documentation. This includes detailed drawings, specifications, and contract documents that guide the construction phase of the project. The construction documentation is essential for contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers to understand the project requirements and execute the work effectively.Conclusion:Construction project design is a complex and multifaceted process that requires careful planning, coordination, and communication. From project initiation to construction documentation, each phase plays a crucialrole in ensuring the successful completion of a construction project. Byconsidering the key components and considerations outlined in this article, professionals involved in construction project design can develop effective and efficient solutions that meet the needs of their clients and stakeholders.。

火力发电工程施工组织设计导则英文全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：Fire Power Generation Project Construction Organization Design Guidelines1. IntroductionThe construction of a fire power generation project involves complex processes and activities that require careful planning and organization. The construction organization design is a crucial component of any successful project, as it lays out the structure, responsibilities, and resource allocation for the project team. This document serves as a guide for the development of a comprehensive construction organization design for fire power generation projects.第二篇示例：Fire Power Generation Project Construction Organization Design GuidelinesIntroductionThe construction of a fire power generation project involves various complex tasks that need to be carefully planned and executed in order to ensure the successful completion of the project. A well-designed construction organization is crucial for the efficient and effective implementation of the project. In this article, we will discuss the key guidelines for designing a construction organization for a fire power generation project.第三篇示例：Construction Organization Design Guidelines for Thermal Power Generation Projects1. IntroductionThermal power generation projects require careful planning and organization in order to ensure successful construction and operation. The construction organization design plays a crucial role in coordinating the various aspects of the project, including budgeting, scheduling, resource allocation, and risk management. This article provides guidelines for designing an effective construction organization for thermal power generation projects.第四篇示例：Guidelines for Construction Organization Design of Thermal Power Engineering Projects1. IntroductionThermal power engineering projects are essential for meeting the energy demands of modern society. The construction of such projects involves a wide range of activities, including site preparation, equipment installation, and commissioning. To ensure the successful execution of these activities, a well-designed construction organization is crucial. This article provides guidelines for designing a construction organization for thermal power engineering projects.2. Key ConsiderationsWhen designing a construction organization for a thermal power engineering project, several key considerations should be taken into account. These include:。

历史老照片不能说的秘密慈禧军阀明末清初文革晚清consolidate加固container容器、集装箱contract合同contractor承包商consultant 咨询工程师construction planning施工计划、施工组织设计construction procedure施工方法construction operation施工作业coordinate协调cost estimation成本估算cost engineer估算师、造价工程师cost engineering工程估价creativity创新性craftsman工匠deflation通货紧缩derrick 起重机design estimate设计估算detailed design详细设计detailed estimate详细估算delivery运输demolition拆毁、破坏discounte折现dragline拉铲挖土机drill钻孔duration持续时间dynamite 炸药earthwork to be excavated土方开挖economic evaluation经济评价engineer's estimate工程师估算、标底erection建立、安装estimate 估算estimate stage估算阶段evaluate 评价evaluation stage评估阶段excavation挖掘、开挖execute执行expenditure支出facility 设施facility design 设施设计facilities management设施管理factor系数、因素false work 脚手架D Efeasibility 可行性field management现场管理financing融资formwork模板formula公式formulation构思framework框架freight delivery货物运输function 功能、公式fuctional design 功能设计"functional" organization“职能式”组织fundation基础furnaces 锅炉GDP(Gross Domestic Product)国内生产总值general contractor 总承包商general office overhead 总部管理费GNP(Gross National Product)国民生产总值grout 水泥浆、灌浆hierarchical structure层次结构分解high-rise apartment高层公寓implementation执行、实施incentive 动机incremental analysis增量分析index指数inflation 通货膨胀infrastructure 基础设施infrastructure and heavy construction重大基础设施建设ingenuity灵活性ingredient组成部分initiation启动inspire 鼓励installation contractors安装承包商integration整合interest period计息期interstate roadway州际公路innovation 革新institutional and commercial building写字楼interpersonal 人际的investment consideration投资分析IRR internal rate of return 内部收益率J job-site productivity工地生产率labor characteristic 劳动力特征H F G Ilabor efficiency劳动效率labor jurisdiction劳动仲裁labor productivity劳动生产率lease租约、契约lift举起、电梯linear interpolation线性插值法linear programming线性规划load荷载loan security贷款担保logistic后勤、物流long-term长期MARR minimum attractive rate of return 最低收益率maintenance维持、维护marginal efficiency of capital资本边际收益率matrix矩阵methodology方法论monitor监督、班长mortgage抵押motivation动机、激励multistrory building多层建筑mutually exclusive proposals互斥方案net benefit净收益NFV net future value净终值NPV net present value净现值off-the-shelf material现货材料oligopoly垄断onset 开始on site现场on-site installation现场安装operation运营、操作opportunity cost机会成本overlap重叠overdraft透支overseer监督者owner业主parameter参数PBP payback period 投资回收期pension养老金performance绩效piled river打桩机pipeline管道planning horizon 规划期O L N Mplatform平台prebid site 投标前现场preliminary estimate初步估算prequalify资格预审prequalified 通过资格预审的prestressed concrete member预应力混凝土构件processing plant 加工厂procurement 采购production function生产函数profitability 盈利Project Management Institute项目管理协会"project" organization“项目式”组织public agency公共机构pump 泵quasi-governmental corporation国营企业quotation报价ratio 比率real estate 房地产real estate investmental corporation房地产信托基金receipt 收据reimbursement偿还reinforcing bars 钢筋、钢筋束residential housing construction住宅建筑retail 零售renovation翻修resource资源review复习、检查、审核revenue收入reward回报risk 风险ROI return on investment 投资回收率rotary-percussion drill旋转冲击钻safety consciousness安全意识schedule进度scheduling进度计划scheme计划scope 范围screening estimate匡算security sensitivity安全敏感性sensitivity analysis灵敏度分析semi-processed半成品的sewage 下水道R Q Pshop drawing施工图shovel 正铲挖土机single-family house独户住宅site manager现场经理skyscraper摩天大楼slab 楼板slippage or contraction延误或提前socially desirable programs 社会公益项目social rate of discount社会折现率solvency 清偿specialty contractor专业承包商specification规范、说明statute法规stadium体育场staff（全体）职员stockpile储存strategy 策略strike 罢工structural design结构设计subcontractor分包商subgrade 路基suborganization次级组织supervise 监督superintendent监督、指挥syndicator辛迪加term术语terminal 终端the rate of return收益率time value of money资金时间价值transfer 移交transportation运输tunnel隧道turnkey 交钥匙unforeseen expense不可预见费用utilities building公用事业建筑utilization 利用value engineering价值工程vendor商贩、供货商weld 焊接work package 工作A As-built drawings竣工图Annual net value净年值Arbitration仲裁 A dashed line 虚线Activity-on-branch network双代号网络图Activity-on-node network单代号网络图 A vertical axis纵坐标Archival information档案资料B Bottom-up design自下而上的设计Bids and quotations投标和报价Bill of quantities工程量清单Bid estimate 投标估价Benefit cost ratio成本收益率Budgeted cost预算成本C Conceptual planning stage概念规划阶段Capital intensive资金密集的Competitive bidding竞争性招/投标Contract price合同价格claims索赔Constructors建造商changes变更clause条款Conceptual design概念设计construction operations施工作业Construction contractor施工承包商Construction equipment 施工设备Concrete mixers混凝土搅拌机Cost estimation成本估算Cost control成本控制Cost Engineering工程估价Construction supervision施工监督Construction cost建造成本Control estimate控制估算Conceptual estimate概念设计估算Construction procedures施工方法Cost indices成本指数Consumer price index消费价格指数Cash flow profile现金流量图Credit risk信用风险Competitive bidding公开招标Contract price合同价格Clause条款Contract negotiation合同谈判Contract dispute合同纠纷Cost overrun成本超支Cost committed承诺成本Cost to date到期成本Cost exposure附加成本Critical path method关键线路法Construction yard施工现场D detailed engineering design详细的工程设计design methodology设计方法detailed design详细设计drilling and blasting钻孔和爆破detailed estimates详细估算dispute resolution mechanism争端解决机制design drawing设计图纸dummy activities虚工作document contral文档控制E Economic feasibility经济可行性Estimate stage估算阶段evaluation stage评估阶段equipment utilization and mechanization 设备利用率和机械化earthwork to be excavated土方开挖Economic evaluation经济评价Expenditure支出Excavation开掘Estimated total cost预计总成本F Feasibility study可行性研究Facility operation and maintenance设施的运营与维护formulation构思Facilities management设施管理Functional organization职能式组织First line supervision基层监督Field management现场管理Force-account charges自营工程费Free float自由时差Fast track快速路径法Final checkout最终的竣工验收历史老照片不能说的秘密慈禧军阀明末清初文革晚清2 G Gantt chart甘特图H Horizontal axis水平坐标I Integrate整合Instruction and commercial building construction 办公和商业用房建设Infrastructure and heavy construction重大基础项目建设Installation contractors安装承包商Ill-defined定义不清的Inflation通货膨胀Internal rate of return内部收益率Intangible asset无形资产Interest rate利率In-house overhead expenses内业管理费Independent float独立时差Inspection logs 检查日志Information transfer and flow信息的传递与流通information flow信息流L Linear programming线性规划logistics物流labor productivity劳动生产率labor jurisdictions劳动仲裁logistic problems后勤问题lifting and erecting提升和安装leverage杠杆作用legal documents法律文件lump sum contract总价合同M Monthly payments月付款额Matrix-type suborganization矩阵式次级组织Monitoring and control监督与控制Material procurement and delivery材料采购和运输Mortgage抵押Milestone里程碑Municipal project市政项目Monte carlo simclation蒙特卡罗模拟N Nominated subcontractor指定分包商Non-productive activities非生产性活动Net annual cash flow年净现金流Net benefit净收益Negotiation谈判Net present value净现值Net future value净终值Numerous alternative plans众多的备选方案Network diagrams网络计划图O Overlap 搭接，交叠on-site现场Operation and maintenance managers运行与维护经理On-site Installation现场安装Overseer监督者Overdraft透支Overlapping and rehandling 搭接和再处理P Procurement Management采购管理Public agency公共机构Professional services专业服务Project organization项目式组织Preliminary estimates初步估算Payback period投资回收期Payment支付Private corporation民营公司Predecessor relationship前后顺序关系Pre-qualification of contractors and sub-contractors with regard safety在安全方面对承包商和分包商的资格预审Procurement accounts采购账目Q Quotation报价R Residential housing construction住宅类房屋建设risk-reward风险和回报Return on investment投资回收率Revenues收入Real estate properties房地产Risk sharing风险分担Re-construction返工，重修Re-evaluation重新评价Random sample随机抽样Relational data model关系数据模型3 S Speculative housing market投机性住宅市场Scope of the project项目的范围Specialized industrial construction专业化工业项目建设sensitivity灵敏度Shop drawings 施工图Subcontractors分包商Specialty Contractor专业承包商Specialized subcontractor专业分包商Structural design结构设计Security sensitivity安全敏感性Screening estimates匡算Subcontractor quotations分包商报价Social rate of discount社会折现率Simulate模拟sunk cost沉没成本Semi-automated半自动化的Sub-network子网络图Statistical method 统计方法Sampling by attributes特征抽样Sampling by variables变量抽样Sampling plan抽样计划Storage and retrieval存储和查询T The project life cycle项目生命周期The Real estate developer房地产开发商The feasibility study report可行性研究报告The state of economy经济状况Turnkey project/contract交钥匙工程/合同Top-down design自上而下的设计Technical feasibility技术可行性Tangible asset有形资产Technology choice技术选择Total float总时差Total quality control全面质量管理Tracing decision跟踪决策U Unit cost method of estimation单位估价法Unit price contract单价合同Unforeseen circumstances 不可预见事件V Vendor供货商Value engineering价值工程Video conferencing电视会议W Work package工作包Warranties and guarantees保证和担保Warehouse management仓库管理缩写REITs—real estate investment trusts房地产信托（基金）PERT—program evaluation and review technology计划评审技术PMBOK—project management body of knowledge项目管理体系PMI—the project management institute美国项目管理协会ISO—the international organization for standardization国际标准化组织OSHA—US occupational safety and health administration美国职业安全和健康署GDP--gross domestic product国内生产总值GNP--Gross National Product国民生产总值MARR--minium attractive rate of return最低收益率CMC—construction management contractor建设项目管理承包商CAD—computer aided design计算机辅助设计CPA--Certified public accounting特许公共会计师AIA—American institute of architects美国建筑师协会AGC—the associated general contractors美国总承。

一、编制说明Explanation to the Compilation1.1综合说明Comprehensive Explanations首先，我们诚恳地表示：我们将全心全意为业主服务，服从业主、监理的管理，和设计单位、各分包单位一起共同完成本项目的建设任务。

我们通过认真学习和研究招标文件及有关图纸资料，并踏勘施工现场，在分析了各种外部环境和内部条件，以及工程施工的特点以后，我们有充分的信心保证高质量、如期、全面完成本工程招标文件规定的工程范围的任务。

First of all, we would honestly express: we will serve the Client whole-heartedly and obey the administration by the Client and the Supervisor, execute the project with the design unit and the various sub-contractors. Having seriously studied the tender documents and all the relevant drawings and data, physically visited the project site, fully analyzed the factors of the surrounding environments and our internal conditions and the characteristics of the project, we are fully confident to guarantee the timely completion of all the work with high qualities stated in the tender documents.一旦我们中标，我们一定会全力以赴，做好施工前期准备工作，并做好各项施工方案的审定工作。

目录Contents一、编制说明Explanation to the Compilation (1)二、工程概况Project Profile (5)三、施工准备Preparations for the Commencement (8)四、项目组织管理机构The Project Administration Organization (12)五、土建部分主要施工方法The Main Construction Method for the Civil Work (19)六、装饰装修工程主要施工方法The Main Construction Method for Finishing Work (41)七、安装部分主要施工方法Main working plan for installation (47)八、季节性施工措施Working plan for seasonality (58)九、质量保证措施Quality guarantee measurement (61)十、工期保证措施The steps for time limitation guarantee (66)十一、安全生产措施Security Production Measurement (69)十二、现场文明施工措施Field civilization working measures (78)十四、工程资料的整理及归档project material settling and filing (81)十五、工程回访维修制度Project revisit repair system (82)十六、施工总平面布置图The layout of the jobsite (83)十七、形象进度计划表Schedule Chart (85)附图：施工现场平面布置图附表：总的施工进度计划表一、编制说明Explanation to the Compilation1.1综合说明Comprehensive Explanations首先，我们诚恳地表示：我们将全心全意为业主服务，服从业主、监理的管理，和设计单位、各分包单位一起共同完成本项目的建设任务。

bim施工组织设计外文文献BIM(BuildingInformationModeling)技术已经成为现代建筑设计和施工领域中不可或缺的工具。

在建筑施工中，BIM可用于生成3D 模型，帮助设计师和施工人员更好地理解建筑结构。

本文将介绍几篇关于BIM施工组织设计的外文文献，以帮助读者更好地了解该领域的研究成果。

1. 'BIM-based Construction Planning and Management: A Case Study of a Large-scale Building Project' by Cheng Zhang and Song Wu该文献报道了一个大型建筑项目利用BIM技术进行施工组织设计的案例研究。

文中介绍了采用BIM模型进行施工计划编制、资源分配、进度控制等方面的具体实践。

该案例证明了BIM在施工组织设计中的重要性和实用性。

2. 'A BIM-based Approach for Construction Site Layout Planning' by Saeed Rokooei, Navid Navid and Kasra Mohammadi 该文献介绍了一种基于BIM的建筑施工现场布局规划方法。

该方法通过BIM技术生成3D模型，并基于该模型进行现场布局规划。

该方法可提高施工现场的效率和安全性，并能够快速响应现场变化。

3. 'BIM and Lean Construction: Using BIM to Support Lean Construction' by Ype Cuperus and Ruben Vrijhoef该文献探讨了BIM和精益施工之间的关系。

通过BIM技术，可以实现信息共享、协同设计和施工、资源优化等精益施工的目标。

该文献提供了一些实例来说明BIM如何支持精益施工，以及如何在设计和施工过程中实现成本节约和提高效率。

英文版施工工程方案1. IntroductionThis construction project proposal is presented by [Company Name], a leading construction company with a proven track record of delivering high-quality projects on time and within budget. The purpose of this proposal is to outline our plan for the construction of [Project Name], a [project description] located at [project location].2. Project DescriptionThe [Project Name] is a [brief project description] that aims to [project objectives]. The project site is located at [site location] and covers an area of [project size]. The project is expected to [project duration] and has an estimated budget of [project budget].3. Project ScopeThe scope of work for the construction of [Project Name] includes but is not limited to:- Site preparation, including clearing, leveling, and grading- Excavation and foundation work- Construction of structural elements, including the building frame, walls, and roof- Installation of utilities, including electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems- Interior finishing work, including flooring, painting, and millwork- Exterior finishing work, including landscaping, paving, and signage4. Project ObjectivesThe main objectives of the [Project Name] are to:- Complete the construction project within the specified timeline- Ensure that the construction work meets all relevant building codes and regulations- Deliver a high-quality finished product that meets the client's expectations- Minimize the environmental impact of the construction work- Ensure the safety of all construction workers and site visitors5. Construction MethodologyOur construction methodology for the [Project Name] is based on the following principles: - Efficient project management to ensure timely completion and adherence to budget- Strict adherence to all relevant building codes and regulations- Utilization of high-quality materials and skilled labor to ensure a high standard of workmanship- Integration of sustainable construction practices to minimize environmental impact- Implementation of comprehensive safety protocols to ensure the safety of all personnel on site6. Project ScheduleThe construction schedule for the [Project Name] is as follows:- Phase 1: Site preparation and foundation work - [start date] to [end date]- Phase 2: Structural construction work - [start date] to [end date]- Phase 3: Installation of utilities and finishing work - [start date] to [end date]- Phase 4: Final inspection and handover - [start date] to [end date]7. Project BudgetThe estimated budget for the construction of the [Project Name] is [project budget]. This budget includes all construction costs, including materials, labor, and equipment, as well as contingency funds for unforeseen expenses.8. Project TeamThe construction team for the [Project Name] will be led by [Project Manager], who has [number] years of experience in managing construction projects. The team will also include skilled engineers, architects, and tradespeople who specialize in various aspects of construction work.9. Quality Assurance and ControlOur quality assurance and control process for the [Project Name] will include regular site inspections, material testing, and adherence to strict construction standards. We will also engage the services of independent third-party inspectors to ensure that the construction work meets all relevant quality requirements.10. Health and SafetyThe health and safety of all personnel involved in the construction of the [Project Name] is of paramount importance to us. We will implement comprehensive safety protocols, provide ongoing safety training, and have regular safety audits to ensure a safe working environment.11. Environmental ImpactWe are committed to minimizing the environmental impact of the construction work for the [Project Name]. Our sustainability practices will include the use of environmentally friendly materials, waste management, and energy-efficient construction methods.12. ConclusionIn conclusion, we are confident that our construction proposal for the [Project Name] will deliver a high-quality finished product that meets all the project objectives. We are committed to delivering the project on time, within budget, and to the complete satisfaction of the client. We look forward to the opportunity to work with you on the successful completion of the [Project Name].If you have any questions or would like to discuss our proposal further, please do not hesitate to contact us.Thank you for considering our construction project proposal.Sincerely,[Your Name][Title][Company Name]。