科普说明(一)
Ⅰ.完形填空。
When we hear the word “geography”，we think of mountains，rivers and maps.But geography is __1__ than that.Geography is the world around us，wherever we are.
The longer people live in a place，the more they want to __2__ it.Then a town becomes a big city.Soon，smaller cities are __3__ on the outside of the big city.Then，there is a bigger area，with
a(n) __4__ of hundreds of thousands of people.
How are these people changing their geography? They build more __5__ for people to live in.They also build more buildings such as stores and markets so that all people need can be __6__
there.Also，they build roads for cars to drive on.When the population grows __7__，farmland is often turned into land for houses，stores and markets.
What do all these mean? People build more and more __8__ they want the environment around them to suit __9__ way of life.As a result，our geography is __10__ because people often
forget to protect it when changing it.So it is important and necessary for us to deal with our geography correctly.
1．A.bigger B．smaller C．longer D．shorter
2．A.study B．change
C．have D．experience
3．A.built B．liked C．missed D．opened
4．A.area B．price
C．geography D．population
5．A.factories B．houses C．farms D．offices
6．A.felt B．tasted C．found D．made
7．A.quickly B．slowly C．strong D．weak
8．A.until B．unless C．though D．because
9．A.his B．your C．their D．our
10．A.discovered B．learned
C．destroyed D．improved
Ⅱ.阅读理解。
A(2013，南京)
Imagine the situation.You are driving alone in a desert or on a mountain.You have no idea where you are.You passed the last house two hours ago.Then your car breaks down.It is night and
it is cold.You have no mobile phone.What do you do？Well，next time take a GPS with you.This
invention may be able to help you.It is a device(装置) which uses satellites(卫星) to find the user's
position(位置)．It can find your position to within 20 metres.A GPS cannot start your car，but at
least you will know where you are.
GPS，which means Global Positioning System，is a small radio receiver.It looks like a mobile phone.You can hold it in your hand，or put in your pocket.It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone.We also find GPS devices in cars，planes，or boats.Some of these devices have electronic maps，so you know where you are.For example，in a city they can tell you the name of
the street.
There are three parts to the Global Positioning System.The first part is the receiver.You can
hold it in your hand，or have it fixed into your car，plane，etc.The second part is a group of
satellites orbiting the Earth.The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates(计算) its position.The third part of the system is a network of ground stations.They are all over the world.They control the satellites and make sure they are working well.
Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile.They are becoming cheaper and more and more accurate(精确的)．There are also new uses for the GPS.Perhaps they will become like watches.Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again.
11．According to the passage，with the help of the GPS，people__A__.
A．can't be lost in a new city
B．can't find their way in different countries
C．can learn about the culture of an unknown place
D．can spend the least time getting to another place
12．We can learn from the passage that__A__.
A．there are three parts to the GPS
B．a GPS can't be put into a watch
C．a GPS can help you start your car
D．the GPS are becoming more and more expensive
13．The underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 means“__D__”．
A．Receivers B．GPS devices
C．Satellites D．Ground stations
14．The passage is mainly about__B__.
A．the history of the GPS
B．the introduction of the GPS
C．the shape of the GPS
D．the three parts of the GPS
15．What can we infer(推断) from the passage？__D__
A．All GPS devices have electronic maps.
B．People in many countries will use the GPS for free.
C．The receiver of the GPS contacts at least five of the satellites.
D．The GPS will become more and more common in everyday life.
B(2014，漳州)
Butterflies are common all over the world，but butterflies in hotter countries are usually bigger and more brightly colored than those in cooler countries，and there are more different kinds.
Usually the male(雄性的) butterflies are more brightly colored than the females.The females have bigger and heavier bodies since they carry the eggs.The bright colors of the males help to
attract the females，and the duller(较暗淡的) colors of the females make them less likely(可能的)
to be caught by enemies before they have laid their eggs.
Some butterflies have bright pattern colors on the upper surface of their wings that show
when flying，but when they rest on a tree or leaves，they close their wings.On the undersides of
their wings there are green and brown marks which look like the tree or leaves.They are then
difficult to be seen.The best example of this is the Dead Leaf Butterfly.When its wings are closed，
it looks exactly like a dead leaf.There are even marks that look like the holes in a dead leaf.When
the butterfly is run after by a bird，it closes its wings and seems to have disappeared completely.
Many butterflies have round marks on their wings that look like eyes.The round marks have a
useful function(功能)．When the butterflies are resting，their wings are closed，and these marks can't be seen.When a bird sees one，and begins to attack it，the butterfly will open its wings.The bird thinks that it sees two eyes staring at it，frightened，and flies away.
16．The female butterflies have bigger and heavier bodies than the males because __A__.
A．the females carry the eggs
B．the females eat more
C．the males are more active
D．the males have smaller wings
17．The duller colors of the female butterflies__D__.
A．help to fly easily
B．help to attract the males
C．make them look fearful
D．make them harder to be caught
18．The underlined word“that”in Paragraph 3 refer to__B__.
A．their wings B．pattern colors
C．green leaves D．some butterflies
19．When run after by a bird，the Dead Leaf Butterfly __C__.
A．is frightened and flies away at once
B．opens its eyes and stares at the bird
C．closes its wings and seems to have gone
D．opens its wings to frighten the bird away
20．The last paragraph mainly tells us__D__.
A．why the butterfly can not be seen
B．how the butterfly opens its wings
C．what the round marks look like
D．what the function of the round marks is
Ⅲ.任务型阅读。
(2014，咸宁)
Start the day in the English way
What do you like to have when you wake up? Do you like to have a ①____/ ＇aə/，a cup of tea or a piece of fruit?
How about eggs，pork，sausages，beans in tomato sauce，bread and mushrooms，all cooked in an oily frying pan?
This is，according to tales，the traditional British breakfast，otherwise(否则) known as the “Full English” or “Fry Up”．It's meaty，fatty，salty and unhealthy，and it's served all day，every day.
We British proudly tell the story of how，when most people worked as farmers，they needed a “real”breakfast—a “British breakfast”to get them started for a long day's work.
Nowadays，we often continue，②the_“Full_English”_is_eaten_daily_by_truck_drivers_and_builders，who also work long hours and don't have regular meals.
But does every British person really chew(咀嚼)through this daily mountain?
A recent survey of those builders I mentioned before—showed that less than 1 percent had a regular “Fry Up”and most actually preferred salad or sushi.③In_fact，
studies_show_that_about_twothirds_of_British_people_don't_eat_breakfast_at_all.
But then，how often do you eat Beijing Roast Duck，go to Chinese opera or do a Sichuanese
mask-changing dance?
We love to talk about how much we love our traditions—even if we only actually ④____/＇k ri / them out when guests are around.In fact，many British people don't actually know how to make a British breakfast—which is why cafes are so good at serving them to tourists.
I did know one person who ate a British breakfast every morning，though—my grandfather.
⑤他不是英国人。
He was from the Netherlands.
Maybe he wanted to surprise the crowd with his own strange tradition-being the only person eating a British breakfast，and the only nonBritish person in the room.
21．将文中③处的画线句子翻译成中文。
事实上研究表明，三分之二的英国人根本不吃早餐。
22．将文中⑤处的画线句子翻译成英语。
He_w asn't_British./He_w asn't_from_England/the_UK./He_didn't_come_form_England/t he_UK.
23．根据音标提示，在文中①、④空格处分别填入一个适当的单词，使句意完整，上下文通顺，一空一词。
①shower④ carry
24．将文中②处的画线句子进行句型转换，一空一词。
Truck drivers and builderseat the “Full English”daily.
25. What is the article mainly about? __A__
A．Changes in UK people's breakfast habits.
B．The revival (复兴) of the traditional British breakfast.
C．Why people have stopped having the traditional British breakfast.
D．How young people today treat the traditional British breakfast。
