大学英语四级考试模拟题一
Part Ⅰ Writing （30 minutes）
Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic: ONE –OFF CHOPSTICKS. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese：
1. 你和你的朋友在餐厅就餐，你的朋友对餐厅提供的非一次性筷子不满。
2. 餐厅的负责人解释说这是为了节约资源，并保证这些餐具已经严格消毒；
3. 你对此事的看法和采取的做法。
One-off Chopsticks
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）（15 minutes）
Directions：In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。
Plastic Bag Pollution
The use of plastic bags has increased at an alarming rate since they became popular in the 1980s. Big black bin liners, plastic carrier bags carrying advertising logos, clear sandwich bags and a variety of other forms. They?re lightweight, handy and easily discarded. Too easily discarded. Just take a look around you. Plastic bags can be seen hanging from the branches, flying in the air, settled amongst bushes, and floating on rivers. They block up drains causing water and sewage to overflow and become the breeding grounds of bacteria that cause diseases.
Plastic bags are difficult and costly to recycle and most end up on landfill sites where they take around 300 years to decay. They break down into tiny toxic particles that pollute the soil and waterways and enter the food chain when animals accidentally consume them. But the problems surrounding waste plastic bags start long before they decay. Our planet is becoming increasingly endangered by our over-use of plastic bags.
Production of Plastic Bags
Plastic bags are made from ethylene (乙烯)，a gas that is produced as a by-product of oil, gas and coal production. Ethylene is made into polymers (聚合体)—chains of ethylene molecules—called polyethylene. This substance, also known as polythene, is used to produce a range of items, including plastic bags.
Y ou have probably noticed two types of plastic shopping bag s—the lighter, filmy bags you get from supermarkets and food outlets, and the heavier bags from other retail outlets, like clothing stores. The supermarket bags are made from high density polyethylene (HDPE), while the thicker bags are made from low density polyethylene (LDPE). Unlike HDPE, LDPE can not be recycled. While plastic bags may not be the most high tech application of plastics technology, it is certainly one of the most prevalent. According to Clean Up Australia, Australians use in excess of 6 billion plastic bags per year. If tied together these bags would form a chain that is long enough to go around the world 37 times. More than half of these bags (3.6 billion) are made from
HDPE.
Dangers to Sea Life
Plastic bags are now amongst the top 12 items of waste most often found along the coastlines. Animals and sea creatures are hurt and killed every day by discarded plastic bag s—a dead turtle with a plastic bag hanging from its mouth isn?t a pleasant sight but mistaking plastic bags for food is commonplace amongst marine animals. Plastic blocks their intestines (肠道) and leads to slow starvation. Others become entangled in plastic bags and drown.
Because plastic bags take hundreds of years to break down, every year our seas become “home” to more and more bags that find their way there through our sewers and waterways. Every bag that?s washed down a drain during rainfall ends up in the sea; every bag that?s flushed down a toilet ends up in the sea; every bag that?s blown into a river will most likely end up in the sea. One disquieting fact stemming from this is that plastic bags can become serial killers. Once an animal diet of plastic bags, it decays at a much faster rate than the bag. Once the animal has decomposed, the bag is released back into the environment more or less intact, ready to be eaten by another misguided organism. The incredibly slow rate of decay of plastic bags also means that each bag we use compounds the problem, because the bags simply accumulate.
Pollution T axes & Bans
Different countries have adopted a range of approaches to discourage the use of plastic bags in an attempt to cut down on the number of bags finding their way into the environment. In South Africa for instance, where an estimated eight billion plastic bags are used annually, the government has implemented new regulations that will see only thicker, more durable plastic bags produced. As well as making them more suitable for reuse, it is hoped that the extra cost associated with their production and supply will prevent retailers giving the higher quality bags away, making their use a more expensive option for consumers.
The use of plastic bags is being discouraged in other places such as Singapore and Tainwan, while the tax imposed on the use of plastic shopping bags in Ireland has resulted in the use of plastic shopping bags being reduced by 90% in just six months. Prior to the 15 euro cent per bag tax, it was estimated that 1.2 million plastic shopping bags were being handed out in Ireland per year. The money raised from the tax will be used to fund environmental initiatives.
While anything that lowers our consumption is good, why wait until we?re hit financially before we change our habits when changes aren?t difficult to make?
How about taking previously used bags with you next time you go to the shops? Or even better—turn back time and do as grandma did and take a bamboo basket with you every time you go shopping. Shop-owners would rather you use their bags as they?re a convenient and cheap form of advertising, but what?s more important, shareholder profits or the environment?
Plastic bags can be re-cycled although only about one in every 200 ever finds its way to a recycling unit. Find out if there?s a re-cycling bin near you and , if not, ask your local authority for one.
Greenhouse Gases
Some countries have introduced so called “environmentally friendly plastic bags”that are biodegradable (可生物降解). These bags take about three years to break down into practically nothing and while that sounds like an attractive solution, the truth is that the process of breaking down these petrol-based bags causes carbon to become methane (甲烷) which is a greenhouse gas.
It?s also possible to get “plastic”bags manufactured from corn. These break down very
quickly and give off no more methane than another corn product on landfill sites. Unfortunately, they?re more expensive to produce and few shops use them.
Garbage Bins
One question that?s often raised in connection with the plastic bag dilemma is what should be used to line bins if not plastic bags?
To answer that, let?s go back in time to when plastic bags were yet to become commonplace. What did we do?
For one, we had far less garbage. Goods had much less packaging than is the case today so we didn?t fill our bins as quickly. Peelings , eggshells, tea bags and coffee grounds were all used as compost (肥料) for crops, as was any paper that wasn?t needed for lighting fires. What was left went into an unlined bin with anything dirty or wet being wrapped in newspaper first.
If we choose carefully when shopping so as not to bring home more packaging than necessary—there?s really no point in bring it home just to throw it straight in the bin when we unpack, the amount of waste that goes into the kitchen bin will be halved , at least.
Individual Effort
By refusing to use plastic bags, you can make a huge difference to the pollution problem. Remember that each person uses about 83 bags a year. If there are four people in your family, that?s 332 plastic bags less every year. That?s 332 bags less that will:
—release toxins into the ground water from landfill sites
—stay in the environment for hundreds of years
—get into the food chain through animals
—waste energy during the manufacturing process
—kill any of the estimated 100,000 marine animals that die each year of plastic pollution
These are all-important factors that have a profound affect on our environment and the creatures we share our planet with. Should we really put our own selfish needs before the needs of everything around us now and the lives of future generations? That?s up to you to decide.
1.Many thick, clothing-carrying plastic bags, made from ________, can hardly be recycled.
A. high density polyethylene
B. low density polyethylene
C. oil and coal
D. gas and cola
2. The annual use of plastic bags in ________ exceeds 6 billion.
A. Singapore
B. Australia
C. Ireland
D. Taiwan
3. Plastic bags can become a horrible serial killer because of ________.
A. their toxic particles
B. their lightweight
C. their incredibly slow rate of decay
D. their overuse by people
4. In South Africa, in line with a new government regulation, ________ will be banned from production.
A. thicker, more durable plastic bags
B. plastic bags suitable for reuse
C. thinner, short-living plastic bags
D. thicker, higher-quality plastic bags
5. ________ , though friendly to the environment, cost too much in manufacture to widely used.
A. The petrol based bags
B. The methane-releasing bags
C. The carbon-releasing bags
D. he corn-based bags
6. What is bothering people in connection with plastic bag dilemma?
A. The question of what should be used to replace plastic bags as garbage bin liners.
B. The fact that only one in every 200 plastic bags end up being recycled.
C. The increasing amount of garbage.
D. The high cost involved in producing environmentally friendly bags.
7. I t?s estimated that every year about ________ are killed by discarded plastic bags.
A. 10,000 animals
B. 100,000 sea animals
C. 100,000 land animals
D. 10,000 wildlife
8. The final destination of many carelessly discarded plastic bags is____________________.
9. In Ireland, following the collection of a 15 euro cent per bag tax, plastic bag usage has dropped by ________.
10. The so-called environmentally friendless bags are much quicker to break down, but will release a great deal of ______________________________.
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension （35 minutes）
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11.A. The man might be able to play in the World Cup.
B. The man?s football career seems to be at an end.
C. The man was operated on a few weeks ago.
D. the man is a fan of world-famous football players.
12.A. Work out a plan to tighten his budget.
B. Find out the opening hours of the cafeteria.
C. Apply for a senior position in the restaurant
D. Solve his problem by doing a part-time job.
13.A. A financial burden. B. A good companion.
C. A real nuisance.
D. A well-trained pet.
14.A. The errors will be corrected soon.
B. The woman was mistaken herself.
C. The computing system is too complex.
D. He has called the woman several times.
15.A. He needs help to retrieve his files.
B. He has to type his paper once more.
C. He needs some time to polish his paper.
D. He will be away for a two-week conference.
16.A. They might have to change their plan.
B. He has got everything set for their trip.
C. He has a heavier workload than the woman.
D. They could stay in the mountains until June 8.
17.A. They have to wait a month to apply for a student loan.
B. They can find the application forms in the brochure.
C. They are not eligible for a student loan.
D. They are not late for a loan application.
18.A. New laws are yet to be made to reduce pollutant release.
B. Pollution has attracted little attention from the public.
C. The quality of air will surely change for the better.
D. It?ll take years to being air pollution under control.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19.A. Enormous size of its stores. B. Numerous varieties of food.
C. Its appealing surroundings.
D. Its rich and colorful history.
20.A. An ancient building. B. A world of antiques.
C. An Egyptian museum.
D. An Egyptian Memorial.
21.A. Its power bill reaches $ 9 million a year.
B. It sells thousands of light bulbs a day.
C. It supplies power to a nearby town.
D. It generates 70% of the electricity it uses.
22.A. 11,500. B. 30,000. C. 250,000. D. 300,000.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23.A. Transferring to another department.
B. Studying accounting at a university.
C. Thinking about doing a different job.
D. Making preparation for her wedding.
24.A. She has finally got a promotion and a pay raise.
B. She has got a satisfactory job in another company.
C. She could at last leave the accounting department.
D. She managed to keep her position in the company.
25.A. He and Andrea have proved to be a perfect match.
B. He changed his mind about marriage unexpectedly.
C. He declared that he would remain single all his life.
D. He would marry Andrea even without meeting her.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26.A. They are motorcycles designated for water sports.
B. they are speedy boats restricted in narrow waterways.
C. They are becoming an efficient form of water transportation.
D. They are getting more popular as a means or water recreation.
27.A. Water scooter operators? lack of experience.
B V acationers? disregard of water safety rules.
C. Overloading of small boats and other craft.
D. Carelessness of people boating along the shore.
28.A. They scare whales to death. B. They produce too much noise.
C. They discharge toxic emissions.
D. They endanger lots of water life.
29.A. Expand operating areas. B. Restrict operating hours.
C. Limit the use of water scooters.
D. Enforce necessary regulations.
Passage T wo Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30.A. they are stable. B. They are close.
C. They are strained.
D. They are changing.
31.A. They are fully occupied with their own business.
B. Not many of them stay in the same place for long.
C. Not many of them can win trust from their neighbors.
D. They attach less importance to interpersonal relations.
32.A. Count on each other for help. B. Give each other a cold shoulder.
C. Keep a friendly distance.
D. Build a fence between them.
Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33.A. It may produce an increasing number of idle youngsters.
B. It may affect the quality of higher education in America.
C. It may cause many schools to go out of operation.
D. It may lead to a lack of properly educated workers.
34.A. It is less serious in cities than in rural areas.
B. It affects both junior and senior high schools.
C. It results from a worsening economic climate.
D. It is a new challenge facing American educators.
35.A. Allowing them to choose their favorite teachers.
B. Creating a more relaxed learning environment.
C. Rewarding excellent academic performance.
D. Helping them to develop better study habits.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read f or the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。
I?m interested in the criminal justice system of our country. It seems to me that something has to be done if we are to (36) ________ as a country. I certainly don?t know what the answers to our problems are. Things certainly get (37) _________ in a hurry when you get into them. But I wonder if something couldn?t be done to deal with some of these problems. One thing I?m concerned about is our practice of putting (38) _________ in jail who haven?t harmed anyone. Why not work out some system (39) _________ they can pay back the debts they owe society instead of (40) ________ another debt by going to prison and of course coming out the (41) ________ of hardened criminals. I?m also concerned about the short prison sentences people are (42) ________ for serious crimes. Of course one alternative to this is to (43) ________ capital
punishment. But I?m not sure I would be for that. I?m not sure it?s right to take an eye for an eye.
(44)
___________________________________________________________________________.
I also think we must do something about the insanity plea. In my opinion, anyone who takes another person?s life intentionally is insane. However, (45) _______________________________________________________________________. It said of course that a person may have to spend the rest of his life or (46) ____________________________________________________________________________.
Part IV Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of ch0ices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a few words of English. Education soon became a 47. “I couldn?t understand anything,” he said. He 48 from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping out.
Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his 49 Spanish. “She helped me stay smart while teaching me English,”he said. Given the chance to demonstrate his ability, he 50 confidence and began to succeed in school.
Today, he is a 51 doctor, runs his own clinic, and works with several hospitals. Every day, he uses the language and academic skills he 52 through bilingual education to treat his patients.
Roberto…s story is just one of 53 success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most 54 way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students55 outperform their peers in monolingual programs. Calexico, Calif., implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college 56 rates of more than 90%.In E1 Paso, bilingual education programs have helped raise student scores from the lowest in Texas to among the highest in the nation.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
[A] wonder [B] acquired [C] consistently [D] regained
[E]nightmare [F]native [G] acceptance [H] effective [I]hid
[J] prominent [K] decent [L] countless [M] recalled [N] breakthrough [O]automatically
Section B
Directions ：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
“Tear?em apart！” “Kill the fool！” “Murder the referee（裁判）！”
These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they ma y seem innocent enough. But let?s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way word affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations （含义）may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.
The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”; “enemy” “one who opposes your interests.”Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to every action no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player?s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed, “Are they wet enough now？”
In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences the such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent?s intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense？It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.
Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated （提升）the game to the level where it belongs, thereby setting an example to the r est of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.
The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague” ;“friend” ;“companion.” Reflect a moment！You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent”.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57. Which of the following statements best expresses the author?s view？
A）The words people use can influence their behavior.
B）Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.
C）Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.
D）Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.
58. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players_______.
A）are too eager to win
B）treat their rivals as enemies
C）are usually short-tempered and easily offended
D）cannot afford to be polite in fierce competitions
59. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves？
A）He angrily hit the referee with a ball.
B）He refused to continue the game.
C）He claimed that referee was unfair.
D）He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.
60. According to the passage, players in a game may______.
A）kick the ball across the court with force
B）lie down on the ground as an act of protest
C）deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way
D）keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game
61. The author hopes to have the current situation un sports improved by ________.
A）regulating the relationship between players and referees
B）calling on players to use clean language in the court
C）raising the referee…s sense of responsibility
D）changing the attitude of players on the sports field
Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.
Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge （保护区）（ANWR）to help secure America?s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR?s oil would help ease California?s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country?s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth, with the last government survey, conducted in1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two to three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall （意外之财）in tax revenues, royalties （开采权使用费）and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment w ould be insignificant. “We?ve never had a documented case of an oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice,” say Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.
Not so fast, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates the National Resources Defends Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America?s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after mush bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR?s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State?s electricity output ---and just 3% of the nation?s.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
62. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR？
A）It will increase America?s energy consumption.
B）It will exhaust the nation?s oil reserves.
C）It will help reduce the nation?s oil imports.
D）It will help secure the future of ANWR.
63. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry _________.
A）shows little interest tapping oil in ANWR
B）expect to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia
C）te nd to exaggerate America?s reliance on foreign oil
D）believes that drilling for ANWR will produce high yields
64. Those against oil drilling ANWR argue that ________.
A）it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region
B）it can do little to solve U.S. energy problem
C）it can cause serious damage to the environment
D）it will not have much commercial value
65. What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” （Line1, Psra.3）？
A）Don…t be too optimistic.B）Don?t expect fast re turns.
C）The oil drilling should be delayed. D）Oil exploitation takes a long time. 66. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR?s frozen earth________.
A）involves a lot of technological problems B）remains a controversial issue
C）is expected to get under way soon D）will enable the U.S. to be oil independent
Part V Cloze （15 minutes）
Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C）and D）on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 67 you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 68 you money or can add 69 the cost. Take the 70 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might 71 that you are making the 72 buy if you choose one 73 look you like and which is also the cheapest 74 price. But when you get it home you may find that it 75 twice as long as a more expensive 76 to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well 77 your hairdryer the most expensive one of all. So what principles should you 78 when you go out shopping？If you 79 your home, your car or any valuable 80 in excellent condition, you?ll be saving money in the long 81. Before you buy a new82, talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular 83. Before you buy an expensive 84, or a service, do check the price and 85 is on offer. If possible, choose 86 three items or three estimates.
67. [A] form [B] fashion [C] way [D] method
68. [A] save [B] preserve [C] raise [D] retain
69. [A] up [B] to [C] in [D] on
70. [A] easy [B] single [C] simple [D] similar
71. [A] convince [B] accept [C] examine [D] think
72. [A] proper [B] best [C] reasonable [D] most
73. [A] its [B] which [C] whose [D] what
74. [A] for [B] with [C] in [D] on
75. [A] spends [B] takes [C] lasts [D] consumes
76. [A] mode [B] copy [C] sample [D] mode
77. [A] cause [B] make [C] leave [D] bring
78. [A] adopt [B] lay [C] stick [D] adapt
79. [A] reserve [B] decorate [C] store [D] keep
80. [A] products [B] possession [C] material [D] ownership
81. [A] run [B] interval [C] period [D] time
82. [A] appliance [B] machinery [C] utility [D] facility
83. [A] function [B] purpose [C] target [D] task
84. [A] component [B] element [C] item [D] particle
85. [A] what [B] which [C] that [D] this
86. [A] of [B] in [C] by [D] from
Part VI Translation （5 minutes）
Directions：Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87. _____________________________ (两天了都没有走出沙漠，又没有水喝)，his thirst was unquenchable.
88. By contrast, American mothers were more likely ________________（把孩子的成功归因于）natural talent.
89. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary ___________________________ (就不会被大雨淋了).
90. We?d better struggle for the future _____________________________ (而不是为过去而懊悔).
91. Not until people can completely trust you ______________________________ (你才能对他们产生积极的影响).
大学英语四级考试模拟题二
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Competition. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 竞争使人们充满创造力，使人们更有效率。
2. 竞争促使生产出更好的产品和提供更优质的服务。
3. 竞争促进了社会的进一步发展。
Competition
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Earthquake
Can Scientists Predict Killer Earthquakes?
The date was November 23, 1980. People near Naples, in southern Italy, felt the Earth roll and shake. Earthquake! Suddenly buildings came tumbling down. Cracks appeared in the earth. Within minutes, entire towns were destroyed. Thousands of people were dead. Thousands more were injured.
As rescuers searched through the rubble, many people must have wondered, of only the victims had known ahead of time, many lives could have been saved.
Actually, an Italian scientist did predict that such a quake would happen. In 1977 Dr. M. Caputo of the Universite Degiles Studi in Rome warned that a large quake would soon strike the east of Naples. Unfortunately, he couldn’t predict the exact time and date of the quake.
Dr. Caputo made his general prediction after talking with scientists at 54 earthquake monitoring stations throughout Italy. He learned that many earthquakes had rec ently rocked different areas around Naples. But none had occurred in one particular spot east of Naples for many years. Dr. Caputo felt that the area was long overdue for a large quake. And it was.
Earthquake Strikes in Gap
The quake occurred in a region that Dr. Caputo called a seismic gap. A seismic gap is an area in an active earthquake region where no earthquake or seismic activity has been recorded in a long time. Seismic gaps are located where two large plates in the Earth have become stuck.
When the plates slide past each other, they sometimes became locked in place. A similar thing happens when you make a running leap on a sidewalk while wearing sneakers. When you land on both feet, the sneakers grab onto rough surface. Friction tends to hold your feet back while the rest of your body goes forward. Y ou may end up falling flat on your face.
In the case of plates, however, the uneven surfaces between the plates cause the plates to remain locked in place for years. Huge pressure builds up behind each plate. Periodically, a shudder, or tremor, is recorded as some of this energy is released.
Finally, after about 50 years, rock in the seismic gap either suddenly breaks or moves under
the great stress. This sudden release of energy sends shock waves through the rock layers above. The ground shakes, sidewalks crack, and buildings tumble. A mighty quake has struck.
Gaps Used To Predict Quakes
Many geologists have used what is called the seismic gap technique to accurately predict earthquakes. The technique was first developed by Soviet earthquake expert Dr. V. Fodotov during his studies of ancient and recent Japanese earthquakes. Dr. Fodotov was marking the location, size, and date of all known quakes in Japan when he noticed a striking pattern.
All major earthquakes were found to occur in only a few isolated spots in Japan. Each of these spots, he noted, experienced a major quake only once every 50 to 60 years. Dr. Fodotov concluded that spots that hadn t had a quake in more than 50 years were “ri pe” for a quake. The Russian scientist named these locations seismic gaps.
In the past several years, geologists from other countries have found seismic gaps in other parts of the world. After making detailed studies of past quakes in these regions, the geologists were able to make an accurate prediction of when a quake would occur.
How Do Animals Know When an Earthquake Is Coming?
Scientists who try to predict earthquakes have gotten some new helpers recently—animals.
That’s right, animals. Scientists have begun to catch on to what farmers have known for thousands of years. Animals often seem to know in advance that an earthquake is coming, and they show their fear by acting in strange ways. Before a Chinese quake in 1975, snakes awoke from their winter sleep early only to freeze to death in the cold air. Cows broke their halters and tried to escape. Chickens refused to enter their coop. All of this unusual behavior, as well as physical changes in the earth, alerted Chinese scientists to the coming quake. They moved people away from the danger zone and saved thousands of lives.
One task for scientists today is to learn exactly which types of animal behavior predict quakes. It’s not an easy job. First of all not every animal reacts to the danger of an earthquake. Just before a California quake in 1977, for example, an Arabian stallion became very nervous and tried to break out of his stall. The horse next to him, however, remained perfectly calm. It?s also difficult at times to tell the difference bet ween normal animal restlessness and “earthquake nerves”.
A zoo keeper once called earthquake researchers to say that his cougar had been acting strangely. It turned out that the cat had an upset stomach.
A second task for scientists is to find out exactly what kind of warnings the animals receive. They know that animals sense far more of the world than humans do. Many animals can see, hear, and smell things that people do not even notice. Some can detect tiny changes in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism of Earth. This extra sense probably helps animals predict quakes.
A good example of this occurred with a group of dogs. They were penned up in an area that was being shaken by a series of tiny earthquakes. (Several small quakes often come before or after a large one.) Before each quake a low booming sound was heard. Each boom caused the dogs to bark wildly. Then the dogs began to bark during a silent period. A scientist who was recording tile quakes looked at his machine. It was acting as though there were a loud noise too. The scientist realized that the dogs had reacted to a booming noise. They also sensed the tiny quake that followed it. The machine recorded both, though humans felt and heard nothing.
In this case there was a machine to monitor what the dogs were sensing. Many times, however, our machines record nothing out of the ordinary, even though animals know a quake is coming. The animals might be sensing something we so measure but do not recognize as a
warning. Discovering what animals sense, and learning how they know it is a danger signal, is a job for future scientists.
1.Since no one had predicted the precise date of the earthquake striking east of Naples, people there suffered heavy loss in the destruction.
2.A seismic gap is located at the junction of two interlocking plates in the Earth, and where no seismic activity has been recorded for a long time.
3.From the passage we learn that a regular striking pattern can be found in an active earthquake region.
4.During an earthquake in China 1975, cows broke their halters and ran away from their sheds.
5.As it is used in Paragraph 13, the word “cat”refers to a typical domestic cat.
6.All animals but men can notice tiny changed in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism of Earth.
7.The dogs mentioned in Paragraph 15 had sensed both the low booms and the minor quakes following them.
1. [Y][N][NG]
2.[Y][N][NG]
3.[Y][N][NG]
4. [Y][N][NG]
5.[Y][N][NG]
6.[Y][N][NG]
7. [Y][N][NG]
8.Dr. Caputo based his prediction upon the fact that lots of earthquakes had recently occurred in all areas around Naples but its___________.
9.According to the author’s information, every 50 years or so, a mighty earthquake will be recorded at___________________.
10.Chinese scientists evacuated people from_____________after they had noticed the strange behavior of some animals as well as physical changes in the earth.
Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 47 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re 48 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity. Perhaps the 49 to this ambivalence lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop wasn?t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, in tended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 50 ways of doing it.
The immigrant experience, too, has been one of in harmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans”eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 51 by imports-pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.
Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s
defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 52 .
But strong opinions have not brought 53 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 54 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.
The 55 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness.It’s no coincidence,then,that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚).It’s what we eat—and how we 56 it with friends.
[A]answer[B]result[C]share[D]guilty
[E]constant[F]defined[G]vanish[H]adapted
[I]creative[J]belief[K]suspicious[L]certainty
[M]obsessed[N]identify[O]ideals
Section B
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (嫁妆). Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife?s right to receive a tenth of all her husband?s property. The wi fe had the right to with hold consent, in all transactions the husband would make, and more than just a right; the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.
The wife shared in the management of her husband’s personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro?s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, “for the sake of peace.” Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, with the context of the family, a powerful economic position.
57.Originally, the purpose of a dowry is to_________.
[A]give a woman the right to receive all her husband’s property
[B]help a woman to enjoy a higher position in the family
[C]protect a woman against the risk of desertion
[D]both A and C
58.According to the passage, the legal status of the wife in marriage was__________.
[A]higher than that of a single woman
[B]higher than that of her husband
[C]lower than that of her husband
[D]the same as that of her husband
59. Why does the author give us the example of Maria Vivas?
[A]To show that the wife shared in the management of her husband s personal property.
[B]To show that the wife can defend her own inheritance.
[C]To prove that women have powerful position.
[D]To illustrate how women win her property.
60.The compensation Maria Vivas got for the field is____________.
[A]some of the land Miro had inherited
[B]a tenth of Miro’s land
[C]money for household expenses
[D]money form Miro’s inheritance
61. The author’s attitude towards Maria Vivas is_____________.
[A]sympathetic[B]disapproval [C]indifferent [D]objective
Passage T wo
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group?s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
62. What does the passage mainly discuss?
[A]The problems faced by leaders.
[B]How leadership differs in small and large groups.
[C]How social groups determine who will lead them.
[D]The role of leaders in social groups.
63.The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT_____________.
[A]recruitment
[B]formal election process
[C]specific leadership training
[D]traditional cultural patterns
64. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
[A]A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
[B]Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
[C]A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
[D]Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
65. In mentioning “natural leaders”in Line 7, the author is making the point that____________.
[A]few people qualify as “natural leaders”
[B]there is no proof that “natural leaders”exist
[C]“natural leaders”are easily accepted by the members of a group
[D]“natural leaders”share a similar set of characteristics
66. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on___________.
[A]ensuring harmonious relationships
[B]sharing responsibility with group members
[C]identifying new leaders
[D]achieving a goal
Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or 67 in your work would depend, to 68 great extent, 69 your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. 70 the utmost importance is your attitude. A person 71 begins a job convinced that he isn?t going to like it or is 72 that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure 73 his belief that he is probably as capable 74 doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt 75 it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well. 76 the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A book keeper who can?t add or a carpenter who can?t cut a straight line with a saw 77 hopeless cases. This book has been designed to help you capitalize 78 the strength and overcome the 79 that you bring to the job of learning. But for your development, you must first 80 stock of where you stand now. 81 we get further along in the book, we?ll be 82 in some
detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening 83 skills. However, 84 begin with, you should pause 85 examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your 86 , your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.
67. [A]improvement[B]victory[C]failure[D]achievement
68. [A]a [B]the[C]some[D]certain
69. [A]in[B]on[C]of[D]to
70. [A]Out of[B]Of[C]To[D]Into
71.[A]who[B]what[C]how[D]which
72.[A]ensure[B]certain[C]sure[D]surely
73.[A]onto[B]on[C]off[D]in
74.[A]to[B]at[C]of[D]for
75.[A]near[B]on[C]by[D]at
76. [A]Have[B]Had[C]Having[D]Had been
77.[A]being[B]been[C]are[D]is
78. [A]except[B]but[C]for[D]on
79.[A]idea[B]weakness[C]strength[D]advantage
80.[A]make[B]take[C]do[D]give
81. [A]As[B]Till[C]Over[D]Out
82.[A]deal[B]dealt[C]be dealt[D]dealing
83.[A]learnt [B]learned[C]learning[D]learn
84.[A]around [B]to[C]from[D]beside
85. [A]to [B]onto[C]into[D]with
86.[A]intelligence [B]work[C]attitude[D]weakness
Part ⅥT ranslation (5 minutes)
Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87. I should say Henry is______________(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter.
88.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives______________(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.
89. Mr. Johnson made full preparation for the experiment____________________(以便实验能顺利进行).
90. Prices are going up rapidly. Petrol now __________________________(价格是几年前的两倍).
91. How close parents are to their children __________________(有很强的影响) the character of the children.
【写作思路】
要求写一篇关于竞争的议论文。要求从以下几个方面阐述：竞争使人们充满创造力，使人们更有效率;竞争促使生产出更好的产品和提供更优质的服务;竞争促进了社会的进一步发展。
【参考范文】
Competition
Competition makes people more creative and effective. It urges them to plan better, to try harder, and to achieve more. With a desire to excel in their work, people tend to perform more creatively and more efficiently.
Competition helps produce better products and provide better services. In the present world of intense competition, every manufacture tries his best to outmatch his competitor by producing goods of better quality at lower costs. As a result, consumers pay less and receive better service.
Competition promotes further development of society. If there were no competition, people would remain complacent and be unwilling to make any efforts or risk anything new. However, with fierce competition going on, they exert themselves to accomplish more. Their accomplishment will, in one way or another, contribute to the progress of society.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
【全文翻译】
地震科学家能预测危险的地震吗?
1980年11月23日，意大利南部靠近那不勒斯的居民们感觉到大地晃动和颤抖。地震!建筑物在突然间倒塌了，大地出现了裂缝。几分钟内，整个城镇毁于一旦，成千上万的人死了，几千万的人受伤了。
当救援队在瓦砾堆中搜寻救人时，许多人想知道，如果受害者事先知道要发生地震的话，许多生命是否可以得到挽救。
事实上，意大利的一位科学家的确预测到了地震的发生。1977年，罗马Degiles Studi 大学的博士M. Caputo先生警告说，不久那不勒斯东部将会发生大地震。不幸的是，他不能准确地预测地震发生的时间和日期。Caputo博士的预测是在与遍及意大利的54所地震监测站的科学家交谈后作出的。他发现，最近那不勒斯附近地区发生了多次地震。但是，多年来，那不勒斯东部的有个地方一直没有发生地震。他认为这个地区是在酝酿一次大地震。情况的确如此。
地震发生在空白区
Caputo博士把地震发生的区域称为地震空白区。地震空白区位于长期以来没有地震或者地震活动发生的地震活跃区。地震空白区位于地球两大板块的连接处。
当地震板块彼此滑过对方时，它们有时会被锁在一起。当你穿着运动鞋在人行道上跳跃时，也会发生类似的情况。当你双脚着地时，运动鞋会与粗糙的地面粘在一起，摩擦力会使你的脚后倾，同时你的身体却会前倾。你可能最终会跌得鼻青脸肿。
然而，地震板块表面是不均匀的，这会使它们锁在一起很多年。每个板块后都积聚着巨大的压力。当其中的一些能量释时，就会出现定期的震颤或者震动。
最后，在大约50年之后，地震空白区中的岩石或者突然崩裂或者以巨大的压力移动。这种突然释放的能量会让地震波穿过岩层直达地面，于是地面震动了，人行横道断裂了，建筑物倒塌了，强大的地震发生了。
利用地震空白区来预测地震
许多地质学家们已经使用地震空白区技术来准确地预测地震。该项技术是由苏联地震专家V. Fodotov博士在研究日本古代和近代地震时首先使用的。在标注日本已发生地震的地点规模和日期时，他发现了一个明显的特点。
日本所有的大地震都发生在几个孤立的地区。Fodotov博士指出，这些地方仅隔50到60年就会发生一次大地震;他还断言说，50年以上没有发生地震的区域是地震的“成熟”区。俄罗斯科学家将这些区域命名为地震空白区。
在过去的几年中，其他国家的地质学家在世界的其他地方也发现了地震空白区。经过对这些地区以往地震的详细研究，地质学家能够精确地预测地震发生的时间。
动物是如何知道地震即将来临的?
最近，试图预测地震的科学家们找到了一些新的帮手——动物。
没错，就是动物。科学家们开始了解到农民已经知道了数千年之久的情况。动物通常事先知道地震即将来临，并以奇怪的方式表现出恐惧。在中1975年国发生地震前，冬眠的蛇过早地醒来，结果冻死在寒冷的空气中;奶牛挣断缰绳，企图逃跑;鸡拒绝进入鸡舍。所有这些不寻常的行为以及地球自身的变化，使中国科学家充分地认识到地震即将来临。他们让地震危险区的居民搬迁出来，从而挽救了成千上万人的性命。
要准确了解到底哪类动物的行为可以预测地震，这是科学家目前的一个任务，但这不是一件容易的事情。首先不是每个动物都能对地震的危险作出反应。例如，在1977年加州地震之前，一匹阿拉伯种马变得非常紧张，试图跑出马厩;但是，他旁边的那匹马仍然非常安静。有时侯，也很难分辨出正常动物的不安和“地震(造成)的紧张”。有位动物管理员曾经对地震研究人员说，他的美洲狮一直行为怪怪的，结果证明是其胃部不舒服。
弄清楚到底动物收到了什么样的警告，这是科学家的另外一个任务。他们知道，动物的感觉比人的更敏感。许多动物能看到、听到、闻到人察觉不到的东西。一些动物能够感觉到气压、重力或者地球磁场的微小变化。这种特别的感觉可能有助于动物预测地震。
发生在一群狗身上的事情是这方面的一个很好的例子。关这群狗的地方正在发生一系列的小地震。(大地震前后常会发生一些小地震。)每次地震前都能听到一声低沉的爆炸声，每次爆炸声都会引起狗的疯狂乱叫。后来，狗在没有爆炸声一段时期也开始叫喊。一位正在记录瓦块地震的科学家注意到他的机器也好像表现出有巨大声音的样子。他意识到，狗对一次巨大的声音作出了反应，它们也感觉到了随后发生的轻微地震。尽管人类什么都没有感觉到、也没有听到，这台机器却记录下了这一切。
在这种情况下，有一个机器监视着狗的感应。然而，有许多次，尽管动物知道地震即将来临，但我们的机器却没有记录下任何异常的活动。动物可能会感觉到我们所测量的情况，但没有把它看作是一种警告。发现动物感应到什么，并了解他们是如何知道这是一种危险的信号，这是科学家今后的工作。
【答案解析】
1.【解析】[Y]根据第一段。
2. 【解析】[Y]根据earthquakes strikes in gap 的第一段判断。
3. 【解析】[Y]根据gaps used to predict quakes 中的最后一段最后一句判断正确。
4.【解析】[N]根据第十二段，Cows broke their halters and tried to escape. 并没有交代ran away from their sheds。
5. 【解析】[N]这里的cat 指的是cougar。
6. 【解析】[N]根据第十四段最后三句话，我们可以得出，并不是所有的动物都能感受到的。
7.【解析】[Y]参看第十五段。
8. 【解析】east根据第三段，But none had occurred in one particular spot east of Naples for many years.
9. 【解析】the seismic gap根据第七段，Finally, after about 50 years, rock in the seismic gap either suddenly breaks or moves under the great stress.
10.【解析】the danger zone/the prospective quake zone根据第十四段，They moved people away from the danger zone and saved thousands of lives. 如果能写出the prospective quake zone 也是可以的。
Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A
大学英语四级模拟题四 Part One Reading Comprehension (2’×10 = 20’) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow”from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem. Air pollution can kill babies, older people, and those who have respiratory（呼吸的）diseases. As found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung diseases. Air pollution can cause both airplane and car accidents because it cuts down visibility （能见度）. There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we don’t know much about. For example, scientists are trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the many chemicals are apt（易于的）to take into our bodies from air, water, food, and even medicines act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important to begin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers. Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It corrodes（腐蚀）our buildings. It damages farm crops and forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our government is great. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the government, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control. 1. Air pollution may lead to airplane accidents because . A. it may cause pilots to be ill B. engines may fail from the air-borne dirt C. visibility is reduced D. it brings a lot of black snow 2. Scientists are trying to find a link between pollution and . A. intelligence levels B. birth problems C. man’s behavior D. the nervous system 3. Scientists have not yet determined . A. all of the effects of pollution on the human body B. how pollution can be controlled successfully C. when the atmosphere first became polluted D. how some snow becomes black 4. The author suggests that before air pollution becomes more serious, . A. factories will be forced to stop operating B. buildings should be protected C. the earth will begin to grow colder D. more money should be spent to solve the problem 5. We can conclude that . A. civilization may be ruined if pollution is not controlled B. pollution is more serious in Europe than it is in America C. most people do not know that pollution is a serious problem D. we should learn all the answers before we begin to control pollution Passage Two Stiletto heels could be banned from the workplace because of health and safety reasons, according to British Trade Union bosses. The Trade Union Congress, predominantly male, has proposed a motion arguing that high heels are disrespectful to women while they also contribute to long term injuries. They propose instead that women wear “sensible shoes”with an inch heel limit in an attempt to avoid future foot and back pain as well as injuries. The motion is due to be debated at next month’s conference. The motion states: “Congress believes high heels may look glamorous on the Hollywood catwalks but are completely in appropriate for the day-to-day working environment. Feet bear the burden of daily life, and for many workers prolonged standing, badly fitted footwear, and in particular high heels can be a hazard. Around two million days a year are lost through sickness as a result of lower limb disorders. Wearing high heels can cause long-term foot problems and also serious foot, knee and back pain and damaged joints. Many employers in the retail sector force women workers to wear high heels as part of their dress code. More must be done to raise awareness of this problem so that women workers and their feet are protected.” Nadline Dorries, the Tory Member of Parliament, however criticized the motion and said the extra height heels give women can help them when in the workplace. “I’m 5ft 3in and need every inch of my Christian Louboutin heels to look my male colleagues in the eye,”she said. “If high heels were banned in Westminster, no one would be able to find me. The Trade Union leaders need to get real, stop using obvious sexist tactics by discussing women’s
洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌 Model Test 1 Part One Listening Comprehension Section A Directions： In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said - Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a line through the centre. Example： You will hear： You will read： A） At the office. B） In the waiting room. C） At the airport. D） In a restaurant. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A） At the office is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre. 1. A） She is not interested in the article. B） She has given the man much trouble. C） She would like to have a copy of the article. D） She doesn't want to take the trouble to read the article. 2. A） He saw the big tower he visited on TV~ B） He has visited the TV tower twice. C） He has visited the TV tower once. D） He will visit the TV tower in June. 3. A） The woman has trouble getting along with the professor. B） The woman regrets having taken up much of the professor's time. C） The woman knows the professor has been busy. D） The woman knows the professor has run into trouble. 4. A） He doesn't enjoy business trips as much as he used to. B） He doesn't think he is capable of doing the job. C） He thinks the pay is too low to support his family, D） He wants to spend more time with his family. 5. A） The man thought the essay was easy. B） They both had a hard time writing the essay. C） The woman thought the essay was easy. D） Neither of them has finished the assignment yet. 6. A） In the park. B） Between two buildings C） In his apartment. D） Under a huge tree. 7. A） It's awfully dull. B） It's really exciting.
大学英语四级模拟题十D) Whether people can smoke in the library. 10. A) Becauseit ’s bad for her healthB. ) Because it had bad influences on children. Part I Listening Comprehension (35’）C) Because it makes him smell. D) Because it makes him cough. Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations and 1 long conversation. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about 11. A) He is not satisfied with his present job. what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only B) He worries too much about his grandmother. once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must C) People dislike his food. read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best D) He is going to be fired. answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single 12. A) He learned it in a training center of cooking. line through the center. B) He learned it from his grandmother. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡上对应题号作答。C) He learned it from his mother. 1. A) At 9:15. B) Before 9:15. C) At 9:30. D) Before 9:50. D) He learned it from his wife. 2. A) He does not understand it. B) He does not like it. 1 3. A) He dislikes other businessmen. 3. C) He is used to it. D) He does not have to take it. B) He wants to have more chance to go on business. 4. A) They were in a doctor s office’. 5. C) He doesn ’t want to trouble others. B) They worked in the same office. D) He wants to be self-employed. C) They were in a workshop. 14. A) Whether he would have enough funds. D) They were talking in the weight lifting room at the gym. B) Whether his food is to the customers ’taste. 6. A) Carry the suitcase with the woman. C) Whether his family members would support him. 7. B) Carry the suitcase upstairs. D) Whether he can pay less tax to the government. 8. C) Carry the suitcase up to the plane. 15. A) Daniel gets encouragement from his friend Misha. 9. D) Carry the suitcase down to the ship. B) The two speakers haven ’t seen each other g f o t r i m a el o.n 10. A) At eight o ’clock. B) At nine o ’clock. C) Daniel wants to be in the food business. 11. C) At ten o ’clock. D) An hour later. D) Daniel ’s grandmother is an experienced businesswoman. 12. A) He broke his leg. B) He caught a cold. C) He had a car accident. D) He didn’t like to go to dance with the girl. Section B 13. A) He doesn ’t know what he wants to do. Directions:In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, B) He likes to work this summer. you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be C) He wonders whether the woman has a job. spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best D) He can ’t decide where to go on vacation. answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the 14. A) At a hairdresser ’s. B) At a tailor ’ｓcorresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. C) At a photographer ’s. D) At a butcher ’s. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡上对应题号作答。 15. A) The content of the note book. Questions 16 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. B) What the woman wrote in the note. 16. A) His age and appearance. B) His personality. ...
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星) now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists. Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids (流星) that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten us. But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we’ll have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn’t be cheap. Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk re: 1) How likely the event is; and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years. Sounds pretty rare—but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we don’t take care of these big asteroids, they’ll take care of us,” says one scientist. “It’s that simple.” The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them,” said a New York Times article. 21. What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids? A) They are heavenly bodies different in composition. B) They are heavenly bodies similar in nature.
大学英语四级模拟题一 Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (10%) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Media Selection for Advertisements After determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus our attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home, Internet, and direct mail. Television Television is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? You can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it. Television’s influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. The Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous（具有共同特点的）than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This has also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers. Newspapers After television, the medium attracting the next largest annual ad revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually. It has increased its national circulation（发行量）by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium. Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques, advertisements can be printed in newspapers in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they
洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌 LISTENING COMPREHENSION 1. A） He must read a lot of books. B） He doesn't like history. C） He can't get the books he needs. D） He has lost his watch. 2. A） Mild. B） Warm. C） Hot. D） Cold. 3. A） The light couldn't be turned off. B） The hot water was running. C）There was no hot water. D） There was no heat. 4. A） Tom was unable to hear well. B） Tom didn't say anything at the meeting. C） Tom didn't listen to him. D） Tom went out before the meeting was over. 5. A） In a restaurant. B） At a post office. C） In a hotel. D） At the railway station. 6. A） She couldn't find where the courses were offered. B） She has already taken one. C） The courses are not well organized. D） Not all the courses are bad. 7. A）？？ 15. B）？？ 150. C）？？ 60. D）？？ 30. 8. A） 8：30. B） 7：30. C） 8：00. D） 9：00. 9. A） Finish the novel. B） Return the novel. C） Lend the novel D） Read the novel. 10. A） He is a secretary. B） He is a newspaperman. C） He is a novelist. D） He is a businessman. Passage 1Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. A） He wasn't satisfied with its size. B） He wasn't satisfied with its power. C） There were no units for measuring power. D） There were few people who liked this engine. 12. A） Lifting a 3,300-pound weight 10 feet into the air in one hour. B）Work a horse could do in one hour. C） Lifting a 3,300-pound weight 10 feet into the air in 10 minutes. D） Work a horse could do in one minute. 13. A） Watt's Engine B） The Beginning of Horsepower C） Units of Measure D） How to Measure an Engine Passage 2Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. A） He doesn't think flying is fun. B） He feels he is a bus driver. C）He is responsible for the plane and the passengers. D） He is governed by instruments and regulations. 15. A） He enjoyed more freedom. B） Flying was entirely different then. C）He had no responsibility at all. D） He relied on his experience only. 16. A） By looking at the roof of every house. B） By calling a station for information. C） By landing immediately. D） By following a railway line. Passage 3Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 17. A） Because she did not speak, except when it was necessary. B） Because she could always find people who were able to help her. C） Because she had a guide who could speak English well. D） Because she had always had a pencil and some paper with her.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated ____47 ___? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date. Many people are afraid to assert(表现)themselves. Dr. Alberti thinks it's because their self-respect is low. "Our whole ____48 ___ is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There's always '____49 ___' around-a parent, a teacher, a boss-who 'knows better'. These superiors often gain when they chip(削弱) away at your self-image." But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people ____50 ___ themselves. They ____51 ___ "assertiveness training" courses-At for short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more ____52 ___ without hurting other people. In one way. learning to speak out is to ____53 ___ fear. A group taking a course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger ____54 ___-the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels. Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to ____55 ___ your own good sense. You go by the other person's ____56___ . But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out. [A] doubt [I] peace [B] active [J] demand [C] system [K] ask [D] offer [L] superior [E] unfairly [M] overcome [F] unfortunately [N] confidence [G] motive [O] roar [H] image Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage One Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood. There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), the orangutan(猩猩), the gorilla(大猩猩), and the gibbon(长臂猿). They live in the deep forests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia.