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Dream Interpretation and False Beliefs

Dream Interpretation and False Beliefs
Dream Interpretation and False Beliefs

Dream Interpretation and False Beliefs

Giuliana A. L. Mazzoni

University of Florence

Pasquale Lombardo

University of Bolgna

Stefano Malvagia

University of Florence

Elizabeth F. Loftus

University of Washington

ABSTRACT

Dream interpretation is a common practice in psychotherapy. In the research presented in this article, each participant saw a clinician who interpreted a recent dream report to be a sign that the participant had had a mildly traumatic experience before age 3 years, such as being lost for an extended time or feeling abandoned by his or her parents. This dream intervention caused a majority of participants to become more confident that they had had such an experience, even though they had previously denied it. These findings have implications for the use of dream material in clinical settings. In particular, the findings point to the possibility that dream interpretation may have unexpected side effects if it leads to beliefs about the past that may, in fact, be false.

Part of this study was supported by a MURST Grant.

Correspondence may be addressed to Giuliana A. L. Mazzoni, Department of Psychology, University of Florence, via S Niccolo'89/a, Florence, Italy, 50125.

Received: July 25, 1997

Revised: April 3, 1998

Accepted: April 20, 1998

Dream interpretation is a common current clinical tool used more in some therapies than in others ( Brenneis, 1997 ). Although this tool might not necessarily be problematic as an enterprise, what would be the impact and consequence of a clinician imposing an incorrect interpretation on dream material? Could sbuch misinterpretation influence patients' beliefs about their past in ways that might be detrimental? Could patients be led to false beliefs about their past?

Dream material was viewed by Sigmund Freud (1900/1953 , 1918/1955 ) as providing a royal road to the unconscious and as being a vehicle for unearthing specific traumatic experiences from the past. Psychoanalytic theory and technique (including dream interpretation) dominated

psychotherapy training well into the 1950s, when behavioral, humanistic, and cognitive approaches, which do not emphasize dream interpretation, began to have greater impact. Dream interpretation, or dream work, holds a far less central position among clinical intervention tools than it did just 30 years ago.

Nonetheless, a sizable percentage of professional psychologists today report using dream interpretation in their clinical work ( Brenneis, 1997 ; Polusny & Follette, 1996 ; Poole, Lindsay, Memon, & Bull, 1995 ). Moreover, a subset of clinicians who work in the area of trauma view dreams being "exact replicas" of the traumatic experiences ( van der Kolk, Britz, Burr, Sherry, & Hartmann, 1984, p. 188). For example, one therapist wrote, "Buried memories of abuse intrude into your consciousness through dreams ... Dreams are often the first sign of emerging memories"

( Fredrickson, 1992 , p. 44). Another therapist wrote,

Repressed memory dreams are dreams that contain a partial repressed memory or symbols that provide access to a repressed memory. During sleep, you have a direct link to your unconscious. Because the channel is open, memory fragments or symbols from repressed sexual abuse memories often intrude into the dream state. Even though the memory is embedded in the symbolism of the dream world, it is possible to use the dream to retrieve the memory. ( Fredrickson, 1992 , p. 125)

Does this sort of clinical dream interpretation actually lead to the recovery of a genuine traumatic past? Or is it possible that the dream interpretation might be leading people to develop false beliefs, or even false memories, about their past? And if so, is it harmful?

We recently published several studies that may have some relevance to these questions ( Mazzoni & Loftus, 1996 ). We showed that after a single subtle suggestion, participants falsely recognized items from their dreams and thought that these items had been presented in a list that they learned during the waking state. Our participants first learned a key list of words. In a later session, they received a false suggestion that some items from their previously reported dreams had been presented on the key list. Finally, in a third session, they tried to recall the items that had occurred on the initial key list. A major finding was that participants often falsely recognized their dream items and thought they had been presented on the key list, sometimes as often as they accurately recognized true list items. Despite the high rate of false recognition, and the conviction that participants had about these false memories, it is reasonable to question whether the same kind of results would occur with more personally meaningful events.

The Florence False Interpretation Study

We devised a new methodology for exploring whether such activities can lead people to develop false beliefs about the past. We found individuals who reported that it was unlikely that they had had certain critical experiences before the age of 3 years. The age of 3 years is important to shed light on whether changes that resulted from our manipulation were due to the recovery of true experiences or the creation of false ones ( Wetzler & Sweeney, 1986 ). The critical experiences included episodes like being lost in a public place for some extended time. Later, some of these individuals went through a 30-min minitherapy simulation with a clinical psychologist, who interpreted their dream (no matter what the content of the dream) as if it were indicative of having undergone specific critical experiences in the past.

An initial group of 128 undergraduates from the University of Florence filled out an instrument that we called the Life Events Inventory (LEI) on which they reported on the likelihood of various childhood events having happened to them. The LEI has 36 items, 3 of which are critical items. The inventory asks participants to consider how certain (confident) they are that each event did or did not happen to them before the age of 3 years. Participants respond by ranking items on an 8-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 ( certain it did not happen ) to 8 ( certain it did happen ). Fifty participants who had low scores (below 4) on the 3 critical items were selected and asked to participate in the next phase of the study. The 3 critical items were as follows: "got lost in a public space," "was abandoned by my parents," and "found myself lonely and lost in an unfamiliar place." The cover story associated with the administration of the LEI explained that the study concerned the frequency of rare and common events that happened during early childhood and that the study goal was the validation of an instrument to measure these experiences.

Of the selected 50 participants, half were randomly assigned to a dream condition, where they received suggestive information about the content of their dream. The other half did not receive any suggestive information about their dreams. Of the 25 participants in the dream condition, only 19 completed all three phases of the experiment; all 25 participants in the

non-dream condition completed the experiment. (The difference in completion rate appeared to be due to a handful of participants who were randomly assigned to the dream condition but chose not to participate in what they thought was an additional experiment. Whether this choice was due to already having sufficient credits or some other reason was not explored.) The mean age of the final sample of 44 participants was 21 years, and 64% were women.

All 44 participants returned to take the LEI again after 3 to 4 weeks. However, those in the dream condition also participated during that time in what they thought was a completely different experiment but was actually the dream manipulation.

For the participants in the dream condition, dream interpretation was done 10-15 days after the first LEI. Shortly before the dream session, dream condition participants received a phone call from a clinician asking for their participation in a dream and sleep study. Participants were asked to bring in one or more dreams, which could be a recurrent dream, a recent dream, or a vivid dream (no constraints were put on the type of dream). These participants had their dreams individually interpreted by a clinical psychologist. The particular clinician is a trained clinical psychologist with a private practice in Florence, Italy. He also is well known in the community from his radio program on which he gives clinical advice. Moreover, he has a strong, persuasive personality. In the dream session, the clinician welcomed the participants and explained that the purpose of the study was to collect meaningful dreams and to relate those dreams to sleep characteristics. Then the participants read their own dream report aloud. Next, the clinician asked participants for their own interpretation of the dream and for their comments on the dream. Then the clinician offered his own comments. The comments were framed in terms of a clinical interview (i.e., the psychologist followed a predefined script but was free to make some modifications depending on the responses of the participant). Early on, he explained that he had considerable experience in dream interpretation, and he explained that dreams are meaningful and symbolic expressions of human concern.

A key feature of the dream manipulation was to suggest to participants that the dream was the overt manifestation of repressed memories of events that happened before the age of 3 years. To be specific, the dream interpretation suggested to the participants that the dream was indicative of a difficult childhood experience, such as getting lost in a public place, being abandoned by one's parents, or being lonely and lost in an unfamiliar

place-the three critical items. No matter what the content of their dreams, all participants received the same suggestion: that one or more of these critical experiences appeared to have happened to them before the age of 3 years. To appreciate what the clinician did with the specific dream material, it is helpful to use a concrete example. Suppose a participant came in with a dream report about walking up a mountainside alone on a chilly day and commented that the dream must mean that he finds mountain walking appealing. The clinician might then discuss part of the dream, mentioning the mountain, that the participant reported being alone there, and that despite the participant's remark about liking mountain walking, the "chilly day"

suggests that the experience might be a "cold" one for the participant. At that point, the clinician would try to induce the participant to agree with this suggestion. The clinician might then move toward a global interpretation, suggesting that in his vast experience with dream interpretation, a dream like this usually means that the participant is not totally happy with himself, he needs challenge, he resists being helped by others, and he might have social or interpersonal difficulties. The clinician then might suggest to the participant that the dream content, and the feelings about that dream, are probably due to some past experience that the participant might not even remember. The clinician would then tell the participant that the specific details mentioned are commonly due to having had certain experiences before age 3, like being lost in a public place, being abandoned even temporarily by parents, or finding oneself lonely and lost in an unfamiliar place. Finally, the clinician would ask whether any of the critical events happened to the participant before the age of 3 years. When the participant claimed not to remember these experiences, the clinician explained how childhood experiences are often buried in the unconscious but do get revealed in dreams.

From this example, it is easy to see some of the general steps that the clinician followed during dream interpretation:

?He commented on specific items in the dream and tried to relate those items to possible feelings that the participant might have. In the

example, the specific items of the mountain walking and the chilly

day were related to the possible feelings about its being a cold

experience.

?He tried to induce the participant to agree with and expand on his interpretation.

?He provided a global interpretation of the dream's meaning. In the example, the clinician suggested that possibly the participant was not totally happy with himself, needed challenge, resisted help, and so

forth.

?He suggested the possibility that specific events of childhood are commonly associated with dream reports like the one provided by the participant. In the example, the specific events were getting lost and

feeling abandoned-in other words, the critical events used in this

study for all participants.

?He explicitly suggested that such events had happened to the participant, and he asked for the participant's agreement with that

suggestion.

?When the participant did not recall such an event, the clinician explained that unpleasant childhood experiences can be buried and

remain unremembered but are often revealed in dreams.

The entire dream session lasted approximately 30 min. At the end of the dream session, the clinician asked the participant to think over the proposed events and to return later for the sleep assessment. These participants eventually returned to participate in a subsequent sleep study that was actually totally unrelated to the current experiment.

The initial experimenter, who had previously administered the LEI (hereafter referred to as LEI-1), then contacted the participants in the dream condition and arranged for them to return for a second administration of the LEI (hereafter referred to as LEI-2). Approximately 10-15 days passed between LEI-1 and dream interpretation, and an additional 10-15 days passed between dream interpretation and LEI-2. For the non-dream condition participants, the LEI administrations were separated by the same amount of time but without any intervening dream interpretation.

After the LEI-2, participants were thoroughly debriefed. At this time, they were asked whether they had linked the two experiments in any way, and no participant reported having done so.

To determine if the false dream interpretation had caused participants to become more confident that the critical events had occurred, we examined whether LEI scores moved up or down for each of the three critical items. We also calculated the percentage of participants whose responses increased, decreased, or did not change from the LEI-1 to the LEI-2. The data for the three critical items (lost in public place, abandoned by parents, and lonely and lost) are shown in Figure 1 . We predicted that after dream interpretation, participants would be more confident that the events had happened.

Figure 1. Percentage of participants who decreased, who stayed the same,

and who increased their scores for each of the three critical items on the Life Events Inventory.

First examine what happened without dream interpretation: These participants in the control condition reported no change in score on two target items and a clear decrease on the remaining item ("lonely and lost"). The same was not true for participants in the dream condition. For all three items, their scores were far more likely to increase, and they rarely decreased on the LEI-2. For two of the critical events, about 80% of the scores increased. To analyze these data statistically, we conducted several Mann-Whitney U tests, comparing the dream and non-dream (control) conditions. We found that the two groups differed significantly for two of the critical items: "lost in a public place" and "lonely and lost in an unfamiliar place." Participants in the dream condition were far more likely

to increase their confidence that they had had these experiences before the age of 3 years.

The same differences between the dream and non-dream condition groups were found when we analyzed the degree of movement. For each participant, we calculated the numerical difference between the scores assigned to each item in LEI-2 and the scores assigned to the same items in LEI-1. Figure

2 shows the change scores from LEI-1 to LEI-2 for the three critical items for non-dream condition versus dream condition participants.

Figure 2. Mean change in scores on the Life Events Inventory (LEI) for each of the three critical items. At the right is mean change collapsed across the three critical items.

As Figure 2 shows, for control condition participants, the changes in LEI scores were relatively small and not systematic. One item changed in a slightly positive way ("abandoned by parents"), whereas the other two items changed in a slightly negative way.

For the dream condition participants, the picture was completely different. All three items changed in a positive direction. The biggest difference between dream and non-dream condition participants occurred for the item "lonely and lost in an unfamiliar place," where the dream condition participants showed a mean positive change of 2.58 and the control participants showed a mean negative change of -.44. At the right of Figure

2 , the mean change in LEI is averaged across all critical items and participants, and a strong overall influence of the dream interpretation can be seen. The mean change in the dream condition was 2.26 on the 8-point scale, whereas in the non-dream condition it was -.16.

To analyze these data statistically, we conducted several students' t tests for independent samples on the change scores. We found that the dream and non-dream condition participants differed significantly for two critical items: lost in a public place and lonely and lost. Dream and non-dream participants differed on the last critical item, abandoned by parents, only by a one-tailed test. Thus, the two methods of analysis, one that involved proportions of participants who shifted and one that involved measures of mean shift, produced similar results.

To be sure that our results were not due to inadvertent differences in pretreatment LEI scores, we calculated the mean pretreatment score for each

critical item. These pretreatment scores are shown in Table 1 , separately for dream and non-dream participants. The posttreatment mean scores are also shown. Notice that the dream and non-dream participants did not differ in terms of their pretreatment scores, but they showed large differences in their posttreatment scores.

The previous two analyses suggested that the dream manipulation caused participants to become more certain that they had had specific negative experiences in their early childhood. A question then arose as to whether the shifts were localized only to the specific experiences mentioned by the clinician, or whether the clinician's intervention caused a general negative feeling, creating in participants the belief that they were more likely to have experienced a vast array of negative events in their early lives. We assessed this possibility by examining the dream condition versus non-dream condition differences on the negative filler items, such as "witnessed a person dying" or "threatened by a stranger." If the dream manipulation produced general negativity, this negativity might be represented in increased confidence on negative filler items as compared with non-dream condition responses on those negative filler items. In fact, we found that the dream manipulation had no impact on the negative filler items. Rather, the influence of the dream manipulation was very specific to the critical items that were specifically mentioned by the clinician.

Why did the dream interpretation lead to increased confidence that certain suggested events occurred? One possible explanation is that the dream interpretation created a true belief, reminding some participants of a true experience from their past. Such a reminder, if it occurred, probably did not occur during the therapy session itself, because no participant reported a memory for one of the critical events during the therapy. However, in the 10-15 days between the therapy and the final session, some participants might have recalled an actual experience. We deliberately suggested critical events to have occurred before the age of 3 years so that any memory that was produced could be deemed unlikely to be a real memory because of the childhood amnesia problem. However, it is entirely possible that the therapy might have led to ruminations that reminded participants of an event that occurred after the age of 3 years, but they misdated the experience during LEI-2 and mistakenly thought that it occurred before the age of 3. This process would lead to dramatic shifts in the LEI. Our data cannot rule this possibility out completely, and it is possible that these kinds of cases accounted for some of the shift that we observed. However, we would argue that if participants were so ready to conclude after dream interpretation that an experience that they actually had at age 6 or 8 or 12 happened to them before the age of 3, this also would constitute a distortion of belief or memory.

Another possible reason that participants increased their confidence in the suggested events is that the dream interpretation created a false belief. If false beliefs have been constructed, how and why does this process happen? One answer to this question can be found in the large literature on memory distortion that has shown that people are susceptible to suggestion

( Gheorghiu, Netter, Eysenck, & Rosenthal, 1989 ). In the current empirical work, we have found a form of suggestion that is both explicit and subtle. It is explicit in that the clinician used his authority to tell the dreamers that their mental products were likely to be revealing particular past experiences. It is subtle in the sense that the dreamers were encouraged to come up with their own specific instances of such experiences.

Implications and Applications

Our findings have important implications for therapists. They show that people are suggestible in a simulation that bears more resemblance to a therapeutic setting than has been used in prior empirical studies. Moreover, the findings hint at the strong influence that a clinician can have in a short period of time. This power may extend to other therapist-client interactions that are characterized by therapist interpretation of information provided by the client.

One might ask whether it is reasonable to generalize from our brief therapy simulation with students to the world of clinicians and their patients. After all, many of the differences between our minitherapy and real-world therapy are relatively easy to point out. Nonetheless, we believe that these very differences are such that we may be underestimating the power and influence that can occur in a clinical setting. We used students, who were presumably reasonably mentally healthy, whereas clinical patients may have a greater need to find an explanation for problems or distress. We had a single short therapy simulation, whereas clinical patients often experience many sessions during which suggested interpretations are offered to them. Our therapy simulation was limited to only a few elements that the participants provided (e.g., the dream and a brief reaction to the dream), whereas clinical patients provide a great many elements (dreams, thoughts, behaviors, feelings) with which the therapist works. Whether these elements are critical for influencing how people reflect on their past experiences is, of course, a matter for further research investigation.

One might ask whether it is even the case that therapists are using dream material to suggest that events occurred in a client's early life. We have found a number of examples that support the contention that some therapists do indeed make these kinds of suggestions from dream material. This conclusion comes not only from surveys of clinicians (e.g., Poole et al., 1995 ), but also from the writings of specific clinicians. For example,

in Crisis Dreaming, readers are told, "Recurring dreams, particularly of being chased or attacked, suggest that such events really occurred"

( Cartwright & Lamberg, 1992 , p. 185). Are the authors of this book communicating this information to their clients? Are therapist-readers of this book taking dream material that involves chases and attacks and telling a client that it means that such events occurred? Although we cannot know that therapist-readers are following the advice implicit in this book, it is worth considering the likelihood that they might do so and might inadvertently create false beliefs or memories.

Could therapists produce similar effects without explicit dream interpretation? We believe the dream interpretation is probably not necessary but might add a bit of influential power. Here is why: Suppose instead of interpreting dreams the clinician simply responds to the comments made by a client during the first 5 min of interaction. If the clinician takes that 5 min of material and interprets the material as being indicative of an early childhood trauma, the client may eventually come to believe that he or she experienced such a trauma. In fact, even in the absence of dream interpretation, such suggestive comments might increase the likelihood of illusory beliefs or memories. According to Lindsay and Read (1995) , suggestions from a trusted authority can be especially influential when they communicate a rationale for the plausibility of buried memories of childhood trauma. Moreover, the trusted authority might be especially influential if he or she offers repeated suggestions, giving anecdotes ostensibly from other patients.

However, it is also worth pointing out that working with dream material might be a particularly potent way to influence clients, for better or worse. It certainly might help to enhance the influence process, because people presumably enter therapy with a set of beliefs about the meaning of dreams in their lives and how much dreams can reveal about an individual's past. Given a predisposition on the part of some clients to already believe in the significance of dreams, the trusted authority can capitalize on the a priori beliefs and use them in the service of altering the autobiography.

Are therapists aware of the power they have? Almost by definition therapists must believe that they have the power to change people, because at least some forms of therapy emphasize changing people's beliefs from ones that are nonadaptive to ones that are more adaptive. Even more generally, therapy is about changing people. However, therapists may be appreciating their power to change people primarily when they are thinking about the good it can produce in people or thinking about ways to make their clients change for the better. They may not be appreciating that they also have the power to change people for the worse. This type of change can happen, for example, when a therapist adopts a hypothesis too early and, even when the

hypothesis is wrong, presses it on the client. Our data show that even a randomly generated hypothesis can be embraced by individuals and can produce profound changes in the way they view their past. We have demonstrated that these interventions can make people believe that they have had experiences that they previously denied. However, it is also likely that these interventions have the power to make people doubt their true experiences. Our hope is that heightened awareness of this power might enhance the likelihood of cautious use of these sorts of interventions.

有关坚定梦想的励志名言名句

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平凡也美丽记叙文作文 时间:2016-10-22 11:17:21 | 作者:学霸 【篇一:平凡也美丽】 一直以来,我都深深记得她。 她是我第一个幼儿园的老师,虽然那时我还在老家,但不论变迁过多少次,我都依然记得她。 现在我还依稀记得那所幼儿园的样子,一个不大的小门,跨进去后,院子里只放着一个滑梯。屋里的陈设也很简单,先是放我们的杂物,紧接着便是一个大厅,里面放着小桌子和小椅子,还有两个中午睡觉的屋子。就是在这样一间小平房里,我度过了我最快乐的时光。老师姓韩,是个还算漂亮的老师。她对我们总是无微不至的照顾,她那里有一个小药箱,谁生病了,就带谁到屋子里,细心地为他量体温,喂他吃药,还嘱咐他让他乖乖躺在床上,等着晚上他的父母来接他。上课时,她还会不时走进屋里查看,像极了我们的母亲。 记得有一次,妈妈把我送到了一所条件更好的幼儿园,只呆了一天,第二天便吵着要回原来的幼儿园,也并不是不适应,或许是因为那些不熟悉的声音和面孔让我害怕吧。在我的记忆中,韩老师从未训过一个人,不论我们多么调皮,她总是笑着面对我们。幼儿园里好像只有她一个老师,所以每年六一儿童节她都是最忙的一个,她总是为我们所有人排节目,从不叫苦叫累。 这么多年,我一直想再回去看看那里,但我每次回去时,幼儿园也恰好放假,我每到那里时,都很希望能从那紧闭的大门中知道老师的近况。她的这一辈子,也许都奉献给了这所不起眼的幼儿园吧。我离开的那天,是个冬天,妈妈帮我拍了一张和幼儿园所有人的合照,凡是我认识的小朋友,都在照片上签下了自己的名字,也许不够规范,但那是童年最美好的回忆。韩老师也不例外,她甚至还留下了她的手机号,叮嘱我一定要打电话给她。但我却没有。不知她是否还会想念那个在主持节目是无缘无故哭泣的小女孩。 她十分平凡,只是万千教师中最不起眼的一个。她只是个平凡的幼儿园教师。也许很多人都认为,幼儿园教师是最轻松的职业,孰不知,那份工作是多么忙碌。 虽然她很平凡,但我在她身上,看到了不平凡的美丽。那种光芒,让她十分高大。让她一直以来,都屹立在我心间。 亲爱的韩老师,您还好吗?你那平凡中的美丽,让我时刻记念着您! 就是这样一位教师,我看到了她生命中最平凡的美丽。 【篇二:平凡也美丽】

100句关于梦想的名言警句

100句关于梦想的名言警句 1、梦想是一个对未来的承诺。而不是一句空洞的口号。 2、一个实现梦想的人,就是一个成功的人。 3、梦想不会发光,发光的是追梦的你自己。 4、拥有梦想只是一种智力,实现梦想才是一种能力。 5、不要向这个世界认输,因为你还有牛逼的梦想! 6、梦想一旦被付诸行动,就会变得神圣。——阿?安?普罗克特 7、梦是心灵的思想,是我们的秘密真情。——杜鲁门?卡波特 8、梦想,是一个目标,是让自己活下去的原动力,是让自己开心的原因。 9、一个有事业追求的人,可以把梦做得高些。虽然开始时是梦想,但只要不停地做,不轻易放弃,梦想能成真。

10、心存希望,幸福就会降临你;心存梦想,机遇就会笼罩你。 11、努力向上吧,星星就躲藏在你的灵魂深处,做一个悠远的梦吧,每个梦想都会超越你的目标。 12、有时你的梦想达到是一种幸福,有时梦想破灭也是一种幸福。 13、每个人的生命都是一只小船,梦想是小船的风帆。 14、世界上有条很长的路叫做梦想,还有堵很高的墙叫做现实。 15、很难说什么是办不到的事情,因为昨天的梦想,可以是今天的希望,并且还可以成为明天的现实。 16、用强烈欲望作为达成梦想的后盾,使欲望变得狂热,让它成为你脑中最重要的一件事。 17、梦想是人生活的目标。 18、所有的伤害只会让我变强,用更强大的自己守护我的梦想。

19、穷人并不是指身无分文的人,而是指没有梦想的人。 20、一个人有钱没钱不一定,但如果这个人没有了梦想,这个人穷定了。 21、梦是一种欲望,想是一种行动。梦想是梦与想的结晶。 22、我不是一个有远大梦想的人,更多的时候是努力最好每一件事情,一定会有惊喜等着你。 23、现实对我们的围剿,渐渐地大过于梦想对我们的青睐。可是在现实与梦想之外,还有爱。爱,他依旧靠近着梦想,不依不饶,永不颓败。 24、我们的生活是可以朝着自己梦想的那样去发展,幸福其实很简单,只要勇敢的迈出那一步。 25、低头不是认输,是要看清自己的路仰头也不是骄傲,是想看看自己的天空。但你一定要知道,世界上有条很长的路叫做梦想,还有堵很高的墙叫做现实。

平凡也美丽800字作文

平凡也美丽800字作文 不起眼的平凡人太多了,但是只要我们认真对待自己的人生,努力活出生命的精彩,那么生命之花就为你而绽放,你的生命也就因此而美丽。美不是出众的代名词,平凡也能筑就美丽人生。下面是小编为你带来的平凡也美丽800字作文,欢迎阅读。 篇一:平凡也美丽 一滴水可以折射出太阳的光辉;一缕阳光可以温暖整片大地;一颗螺丝钉可以带动机器的运转。有的人经常为自己不够出众而感到烦恼。但你注意观察,尽管世间繁华万千,你依然可以发现:其实平凡也美丽。 平凡的一滴水十分纯净。在茫茫人海中,洪战辉便是一滴平凡纯净的水。他不是星光闪闪的明星,也不是家缠万贯的富豪,他只不过是个平凡的大学生。他打工挣钱,不是为了“推动祖国经济发展”,也不是为了让自己变成“富公子”,而只是为了撑起困境中的家庭,让妹妹生活得更好罢了。平凡的心愿,平凡地去实现,可他却感动了中国。洪战辉自强不息的精神正是他的美丽所在,他的行为所折射的正是精神文明的光辉。我们是平凡的人,我们也可以拥有那份美丽---只要我们自强不息。 平凡的一缕阳光十分温暖。邰丽华就是一缕平凡温暖的

阳光。她照亮了许许多多人所不知道的无声世界的黑暗。她,一名舞蹈演员,也是XX年春节联欢晚会《千手观音》的领舞者。邰丽华是在一场高烧中失去了听力,随之,甜美的歌喉也关闭了。那时的她只有两岁,还是一朵没有绽放的花,却遭到了老天爷如此不公平的待遇。但她坚强的意志正是她的身上耀眼的光芒,她温暖的正是心灵的春天!我们是平凡的人,我们也可以拥有那份美丽---只要我们坚强。 平凡的一颗螺丝钉很美丽。神舟六号成功发射,使聂海胜、费俊龙两位航天员英雄受到所有人的鲜花与掌声。他们就是一颗颗平凡美丽的螺丝刀。但谁知道,他们的背后,有一群扎根在戈壁,默默奉献的科技工作者。他们中的每一个都像一颗螺丝钉,在自己的岗位上兢兢业业,攻克一道道技术难关,认真刻苦,毫不张扬。这就是他们的美丽所在,他们的工作带动了航天机器的运转。我们是平凡的人,我们也可以拥有那份美丽---只要我们能踏踏实实、默默做好自己的份内之事。 也许,你想做一轮明月,但你却只是一颗星星。虽没有月亮的圣洁,但拥有星星般的闪亮,照样也能照亮夜晚的天空;也许,你想做惊涛骇浪的大海,但你却只是一条瀑布,虽没有大海的宏大,但也拥有“飞流直下三千尺”的振奋人心,照样也能唤起一个人深藏已久的激情! 平凡不是平庸,那是一种比伟大更值得令人尊敬的品格。

关于坚持梦想的名言警句【三篇】

关于坚持梦想的名言警句【三篇】 1、常常是最后一把钥匙打开了门。 2、不经一翻彻骨寒,怎得梅花扑鼻香。 3、成大事不在于力量的大小,而在于能坚持多久。 4、斧头虽小,但经多次劈砍,终能将一棵最坚硬的橡树砍倒。 6、做了好事受到指责而仍坚持下去,这才是奋斗者的本色。——巴尔扎克 7、凡事欲其成功,必要付出奋斗。——爱默生 8、跛足而不迷路,能赶过虽健步如飞但误人歧途的人。 9、要做一滴水,每一条河流都有它不同的路径,都有它不同的过程,但是它会想尽一切办法达到它的目标--大海。黄河九曲十八弯,那时因为它要绕过重重防碍流向大海!也许在路上会经过大山当道,会有悬崖当道,哪怕从悬崖上掉下在摔得粉身碎骨,它也会想尽一切办法再重新汇聚起来,流向大海。我们不能作泥沙,泥沙会在随水流动的过程中,沉在河底,慢慢消逝,而唯有水才会不顾一切的无论如何的奔向那只属*的最伟大最美丽的蔚蓝色! 10、无论头上是怎样的天空,我准备承受任何风暴。——拜伦 11、人生恰恰像马拉松赛跑一样……只有坚持到最后的人,才能称为胜利者。 12、再长的路,一步步也能走完,再短的路,不迈开双脚也无法到达。 13、努力不一定成功;但是放弃必定会失败。 14、一个人如果做事没有恒心,他是任何事也就很难成功的。

15、发明的秘诀在持续的努力。——牛顿 16、想象你自己对困难作出的反应,不是逃避或绕开它们,而是面 对它们,同它们打交道,以一种进取的和明智的方式同它们奋斗。——马克斯威尔·马尔兹 关于坚持名言 17、要看日出必须守到拂晓。 18、耐心和持久胜过激烈和狂热。 19、一个人必须经过一番刻苦奋斗,才会有所成就。——安徒生 20、做事是否快捷,不在一时奋发,而在能否持久。 21、我们理应努力奋斗,有所作为。这样,我们就能够说,我们没 有虚度年华,并有可能在时间的沙滩上留下我们的足迹。——拿破仑 一世 22、你一天到晚心烦意乱,必定一事无成。你既然期望辉煌伟大的 人生,那就应该从今天起,以毫不动摇的决心和坚定不移的信念,凭 自己的智慧和毅力,去创造属于你和人类的快乐。只有这样,你的生 命才能焕发青春。只有你的言行服从你的理想,那你就把握赢得健康,快乐,幸福的真谛。 23、即使慢,驰而不息,纵令落后,纵令失败,但一定能够达到他 所向往的目标。 24、伟大的作品不是靠力量,而是靠坚持来完成的。 25、如果你过度珍爱自己的羽毛,不使它受一点损伤,那麽你将失 去两只翅膀,永远不再能够凌空飞翔。——雪莱 26、锲而不舍,金石可镂。 27、锲而舍之,朽木不折;锲而不舍,金石可镂。

高考语文满分作文范例及解析--有梦想,更要有行动

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