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美 国 的 诞 生 与 南 北 战 争 复习提纲

美 国 的 诞 生 与 南 北 战 争  复习提纲
美 国 的 诞 生 与 南 北 战 争  复习提纲

《美国的诞生》与《美国南北战争》复习提纲

复习目标:

1、了解北美独立战争爆发的原因、战争进程、重大事件及其影响;掌握《独立宣言》主要内容、华盛顿主要活动及其作用,进而掌握美国诞生的概况。

2、认识美国独立战争是正义、进步的事业;美国独立战争是民族解放运动,同时也是资产阶级革命运动;它摧毁了英国的殖民枷锁,赢得了国家独立,为资本主义在美国的发展开辟了道路,同时也推动了欧美的革命运动。

3、了解和掌握南北战争爆发的起因、战争中的主要事件、战争结局、战争性质和作用以及林肯在美国历史上的地位等主要基本史实。

4、认识到残暴野蛮的制度最终是要被推下历史舞台的,民主、平等是不可抗拒的历史潮流;为了国家进步、社会发展而献身的人历史是不会忘记的。

一、知识梳理

美国的诞生

1、背景:经印第安人、欧洲移民以及非洲来的黑人奴隶的共同开发,促进了美洲社会经济的发展

2、经过:

爆发:年4月,枪声标志着北美殖民地人民争取独立战争的开始

建军:第二届大陆会议决定组建军队,被任命为总司令

建国:1976年7月4日,大陆会议发表,宣告了美国诞生

转折:1777年,是美国独立战争的转折点

独立:年,英国承认美国独立

3、结果:1787年,美国制定宪法,确定美国是一个联邦制国家

4、性质:

5、意义:

美国南北战争

1、南北战争爆发南北矛盾焦点:

导火线:1861年3月,当选为美国总统。

爆发:年4月,南方军队挑起内战

战况:由于准备不足和缺乏优秀将领,北方失利

2、北方胜利

措施:1862年9月,林肯政府颁布

作用:广大黑人奴隶踊跃参军,北方军队获得了雄厚的兵源

结果:年,北方胜利,美国获得统一

林肯的主要贡献:

3、性质:

4、历史意义:

二、问题发现

请将自学中发现的问题填在此处:

三、老师的问题

1、为什么说南北战争是美国历史上的第二次资产阶级革命?

2、通过学习《美国的诞生》和《南北战争》,你得到什么启示?请写在下面。

中考试题选编

1、(2008年,山东泰安市)美国自1776年诞生,至今只有200多年的历史,可以

说是一个年轻的国家,但却成为现今世界唯一的超级大国,它的发展引起了世人的瞩目,你知道它诞生的标志吗?

A.独立战争的爆发 B.萨拉托加大捷

C.《独立宣言》的发表D.1787年美国宪法

2、看右图,自由女神的右手高举着火炬,左手拿着一部文献,它的颁布宣告了美国的独立。请问这部文献的名称是

A.《权利法案》 B.《独立宣言》

C.《人权宣言》 D.《宅地法》

3.(2008年,四川攀枝花市)同英国资产阶级革命相比,美国独立战争最显著的特征是

A.摆脱殖民统治 B.建立资产阶级政权

C.推翻封建统治 D.为发展资本主义创造条件

4.(2008年,山东临沂市)1861年3月,美国南方的一些州联合起来,宣布组成一个独立国家,号称“南部联盟”。这导致了下列哪一战争的爆发?

A.美国独立战争 B.南美独立战争

C.美国南北战争 D.普法战争

5.(2008年,四川攀枝花市)从有利于美国资本主义经济发展的角度看,南北战争主要解决了

A.国家的独立问题 B.扩大再生产的资本问题

C.资本主义发展的劳动力问题 D.资本主义发展的原料问题

6.(2008年,湖北襄樊市)为维护国家统一和解放黑人奴隶做出巨大贡献的美国总统是

A.华盛顿 B.杰斐逊 C 林肯 D 罗斯福

7.(2008年,江苏盐城市)美国独立战争和南北战争相同的历史影响为A.推翻了英国的殖民统治 B.废除了黑人奴隶制度

C.促进了美国资本主义发展 D.建立了君主立宪制度

随堂检测

1.美国独立战争的第一枪打响于

A.费城 B.来克星顿C.波士顿 D.马萨诸塞

2.每年的7月4日,美国人民都会载歌载舞,欢度国庆。与美国国庆日有直接关系的历史文献是

A.《独立宣言》 B.《1787年宪法》C.《权利法案》 D.美英《巴黎和约》3.美国独立战争的转折点是

A.攻占巴士底狱 B.萨拉托加战役

C.《独立宣言》的发表 D.来克星顿枪声

4.小华同学正在通过因特网下载《独立宣言》、萨拉托加战役等资料。由此我们可判断小华同学在学习和探究

A.英国资产阶级革命 C.美国独立战争

B.文艺复兴 D.新航路的开辟

5.下列革命或战争中,既是反抗殖民压迫的民族解放运动,又是资产阶级革命的是

A.英国资产阶级革命 B.美国南北战争

C.法国资产阶级革命 D.美国独立战争

6.19世纪中期,美国南北方矛盾无法调和,主要是围绕下列哪一问题

A.奴隶制的存废问题 B.工业品进出口问题C.是否开放国内市场问题 D.是否提高关税问题

7.马克思说:“在美国历史和人类历史上,林肯必将与华盛顿齐名”。马克思之所以这样说,是因为林肯

A.巩固了北部工业资产阶级统治 B.满足了美国公民获得西部土地的愿望C.取消了种族歧视和民族压迫 D.维护了国家统一,废除了黑人奴隶制度8.对美国内战的表述,不正确的是

A.历史上称为“南北战争” B.以北方的胜利告终

C.使美国开始走上资本主义发展道路 D.林肯当选是美国内战的导火索

9.19世纪中期,美国经过内战,扫清了资本主义发展的又一障碍,为以后的经济迅速发展创造了条件。这里所说的“又一障碍”是指

A.西进运动 B.殖民统治 C.保护关税 D.奴隶制度

10.1862年秋,美国南方种植园的黑人奴隶们在私下里飞快地传递着一个让人惊喜万分的消息:林肯总统宣布他们可以拥有自己的财产,也可以参加军队了!他们获得自由了!这让黑人奴隶们惊喜的消息是因为林肯总统宣布了

A.《美国联邦宪法》 B.《宅地法》

C.《解放黑人奴隶宣言》 D.《独立宣言》

二.阅读下列材料:

材料一:“我们以这些殖民地的善良人们的名义和权力,谨庄严宣告:这些联合殖民地从此成为、而且名正言顺地应当成为自由独立的合众国,它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系,而它们与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系也应从此完全废止。”

材料二:林肯在1858年一次演说中说:“分裂之家不能持久。……我相信我们的政府,不能永远忍受一半奴役一半自由的状况。我不期望联邦解散,我不期望房子崩溃,但我的确希望它停止分裂。它或者将全部变成一种东西,或者变成另一种东西。”

材料三:“从1863年元月1日起,凡在当地人民尚在反抗合众国任何一州之内,或一州的指明地区之内,为人占有而做奴隶的人们都应在那时及以后永远获得自由;……”

请回答:

(1)材料一、三分别出自什么文件?分别在哪次战争时期发表?

材料二“一半奴役一半自由的状况”分别指南、北方哪两种经济制度?

(2)材料一、三的文件在两次战争中分别起了什么作用?

(4)上述材料所提到的美国两次战争的主要任务有何不同?分别对美国历史产生了怎样影响?

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