英语语法--名词性从句讲解
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接
1. 连接代词：who，whose，whom，what，which.有词义，在从句中担任成分。
2. 连接副词：when，where，why，how有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
3. 连接词：that，whether，if，as if在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；
二. 具体分类
1、主语从句：作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
（4）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.
(6)Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。（7）Whatever you did is right.
（8）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.
（9）What we need is time.
（10）What we need are good doctors.
(11) What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
(12) It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
再观察下例句子，找出主语从句。
（1）It is certain that he will win the match.
（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.
（4）It is strange that he should do that.
（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.
（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.
（7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.
（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
（9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) （10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
（11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
（12）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there) 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
（1. 2. 3 主语从句通常用should + V-原形）
（1）It + be + n. + that从句It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is a fact that…
（2）It + be + adj. + that从句It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
（3）It + be + V-pp动词的过去分词+ that从句
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
It is known to us all that…It is reported/ believed / considered /…that…
It has been proved that…已证实…
（4）It + Vi + that 从句
It happened (to sb) that…（某人）碰巧…It occurred to sb that…某人突然想起….
It matters that…重要的是…
It doesn’t matter how/whether…怎么样/是否…没有什么关系
It seems that…好像
It turned out that…
练习
1.Watch out! ___________________ smoking here shall be fined at once.(caught)
当心！无论抓到谁在此吸烟都会立刻罚款。
2.____________________________ the open ceremony gave the students much
encouragement.(attend)
校长亲自参加开幕式，这给学生带来了极大的鼓舞。
3.___________________ college students should learn more about Chinese history.(it)
我认为大学生了解更多历史很重要。
4.___________________ is clear to us.(land)
我们很清楚是谁第一个登上月球的。
5._________________________ there was a short cut to the history museum.(occur)
我突然想起去历史博物馆有条近路。
6.It is announce that ________________________ in the examination will be graded
zero.(catch)
已宣布任何被抓到在考试中作弊的学生都得零分。
7._______________________ is the salary and the chance to travel. (attract)
吸引我做这份工作的是其薪水和有去旅游的机会。
8.It matters little how a man dies; _____________________ is how he lives.(matter)
一个人是如何死的这不重要，重要的是他是怎样生活的。
9.__________________doesn’t make much difference if he wants to apply for this job.(abroad)
如果他想申请这份工作，他是否出国并没有太大的影响。
10.______________________in the game worried his coach.(make)
那个运动员在比赛中可能会犯错，这让他的教练很着急。
2.宾语从句：作句子宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
（1）He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年上大学。
（2）I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车。
（3）Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试。
（4）Teachers were asking me whether I had gone there or not at that time.那时老师们在问我是否我曾经去过那里。
(5)Do you know who has won Red Alert game？你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？
(6)The book will show you what the best CEO should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么。
（7）Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia call phone？
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗？
（8）Can you tell me if there any shop here?你能告诉我这里有商店吗？
（9）He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
（10）Could you please tell me how you use the new panel.你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗
（11）None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. (一)从属连词：连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether，和疑问词（what how where when ...) that 引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，if和whether，whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。（二）关联代词：连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,
whatever,whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。
（三）关联副词：连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
*动词的宾语从句
大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句
如：We all expect （that ）they will win, for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮.
He told us （that）they would help us through the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中，他们都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out（that）all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了Can you work out （that）how much we will spend during the trip你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗
*动词短语也可以带宾语从句，常见的这些词有：
Make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
*可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it（双宾语）
这类动词主要有：hate, like, appreciate
I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
I would appreciate it if you are willing to help me.如果你愿意帮我，我将不胜感激。
③若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
*介词的宾语从句
用whether之类的介词宾语从句：
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou six manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句：有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知.
*形容词的宾语从句
有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句，例如；
I am sorry I am late.
I am glad that you can join us.
Are you sure his answer is right?
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
注意事项：
1）在句中可以作谓语动词/介词/非谓语动词+宾语
注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2）用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。
3. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：
He says that he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）
He says that he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）
I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）
I know (that)He has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）
当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.
4. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：
We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
5. 动词后有两个宾从，第一个宾从的that 可以省略，第二个不能省。
3、表语从句：在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语+ 系动词+ that从句。例如：
The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。
（how 在表语从句中充当方式状语）
The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。（what 在表语从句中充当宾语) What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。
（what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，但不能省略）That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。（what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因（why 在表语从句中充当原因状语）The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。
（第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因）
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看。
(第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果）
需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
4、同位语从句
什么叫同位语
1. 名词作同位语
Mr Wang,my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。
2.短语作同位语
I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，总是要照料家中的其他孩子。
3. 直接引语作同位语
But now the question comes to their minds，“Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”
4. 句子作同位语
The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是错误的。
在某些名词（如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.
有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
连词whether引导
（注：if不能引导同位语从句）
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。
3.其它引导词引导
连接代词what,who,whom,whose，引导同位语从句
1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）同位语从句同位语从句
2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语）
4. 连接副词引导
连接副词when,where,how,why
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that 引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book tells you people’s life in ancient Greece？
（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．(定从)
I have no idea when she will be back．（同位语从句）
在①句中，加粗部分是when引导的定语从句，其先行词day是表示时间的名词；
在②句中，加粗部分是when引导的同位语从句，其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词。先行词
定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question，thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。
例如：①The boy who is playing football is my classmate．
②Those who work hard will succeed．
③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody．
④The fact that you are talking about is important．
名词性从句注意要点：
一．引导词what与that的用法区别。
引导从句时，what要充当主语、宾语、或表语等成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用，比如：
What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.
That he said nothing at the meeting surprised everybody present.
_____ we can’t get seems better than ______ we have.
A. What; what
B. What; that
C. That; that
D. That; what
______ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What
B. That
C. How
D. Where
二．引导词whether与if的用法区别。
主从/表从/同从 + whether ; 介词+whether ; whether to do
whether + or not ;
动词后的宾从+ whether/if
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？
_______ you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What
B. Who
C. That
D. Whether
三．名词性从句的语序。
与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述的语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装
You can’t imagine _____ when then received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited b. how excited they were
C. how excited were they
D. they were how excited
四．形式主语和宾语。
当主语从句比较长，而谓语比较短时，常常将从句后置，而用it作为形式主语，置于句首。形式宾语也一样。
______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
五．Who/ whoever/ what /whatever等的用法区别。
一般说来，Who/ what等含有特指的含义，而whoever/whatever等含泛指的意义，意为“无论谁/无论什么”。另外，以-ever结尾的词引导的名词性从句相当于带有定语从句的名词词组：whoever=anyone who whatever=anything that whichever=any… that…
例如：Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.
=Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.
Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.
=Any one of you comes in first will receive a prize.
You can just say whatever comes to your mind.
= You can just say anything that comes to your mind.
It is generally considered unwise to give a child______ he or she wants.
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. whenever
______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who
B. The one
C. Anyone
D. Whoever
六Where, when，why等连接副词引导的名词性从句
这些词引导的名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。
--- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
--- Is that ______ you had a few days off?
A. why
B. when
C. that
D. where
七．“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句“与介词+whom”引导的定语从句的区别。
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语
9．It was a matter of _____ would take the position.
A. who B whoever C. whom D. whomever
比较：Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home.
八．名词性从句有插入成分时。
此时注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入的成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。
10．_____ you have seen both fighters, _____ will win?
A. Since; do you think who
B. As; who you think
C. When; whoever
D. Since; who do you think
九．引导词that的省略。
引导宾语从句时，通常可以省略that，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that一般不能省。如有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句时，只可省略第一个that，其它的that不可省。
十．名词性从句中的虚拟语气的使用。
表示“建议、要求或命令”等词义出现时，不管是在哪一种从句中，常用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语用(should)+动词原形，其中should 可省略。常用词有insist，suggest ，demand, require, request, order, command等。例如：
He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately.
It was suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately.
His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately.
He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately.
I.Multiple choice:
1.It doesn’t matter ______ I rest or not.
A. whether
B. if
C. that
D. when
2._____there are no living things on the moon is known to us.
A. How
B. Why
C. Whether
D. That
3.______picks up the wallet and hands it in will be praised by the teacher.
A. Whoever
B. Who
C. That who
D. Who that
4. Everyone agrees to his suggestion ______a bridge ______built across the river.
A. that; will be
B. which; would be
C. as; should be
D. that; be
5. The news ______ to Mount Tai during the summer holidays delighted all of us.
A. we would go
B. which we would go
C. that we would go
D. would go
6.____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what
B. No matter which C Whatever D. whichever
7. He didn’t come yesterday. That is ______ he was ill.
A. because
B. why
C. how
D. when
8. When and where we’ll hold the meeting ____ not decided yet .
A. has
B. is
C. have
D. are
9.________ Asia is connected with Europe.
A .It is known to all
B .It knows to all where
C .That is known to all that
D .It is known to all that
10.. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_______.
A. who is he
B. who he is
C. who is it
D. who it is
11.We cannot figure out__ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that
B. as
C. why
D. when
12._________ made the school proud was __________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because
B. What; that
C. That; what
D. That; because
13. ____ I want to know is ____ it is worth doing.
A. What; that
B. What; whether
C. That; why
D. That; what
14. ____ visits the Great Wall will be struck by it.
A. Anyone
B. Each
C. Whoever
D. Everybody
15. ____ the workers insisted on was that they ____ more pay.
A. That; must be given
B. What; should give
C. Whether; would be given
D. What; be given
16.Writing stories and articles ____ I enjoy most.
A. is that
B. are that
C. is what
D. have been what
17.He asked the tailor ____.
A. how long would the coat be ready
B. how soon would the coat be ready
C. how long the coat would be ready
D.how soon the coat would be ready
18. --- ____ you did?
--- No, as a matter of fact I didn’t need to.
A. Is that what
B. Is what that
C. What is that
D. Is that which
19. She is pleased with ____ you have given her and all ____ you have told.
A. that; that
B. what; which
C. what; that
D. all; what
20. ____ I wanted to say.
A. Such was what
B. What was such
C. Such was that
D. That was such
21. They have no idea at all ____.
A. where he has gone
B. where did he go
C. which place he has gone
D. where he has gone by
22. No word came ____ he joined them in playing football.
A. that
B. whether
C. which
D. what
23. ____ is that I have promised to make friends with the dishonest girl.
A. The only thing what I regret
B. What I regret most
C. All what I really regret most
D. What that I regret most
24. ____ a good thing that they didn’t catch you.
A. That’s
B. It’s
C. There’s
D.What’s
25.____ surprised me most ___ to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room
A. What; was
B. What; were
C. That; was
D. That; were
26. He asked me ____ I was sure my mother ____.
A. if; will come
B. if; would come
C. that; will come
D. that; would come
27. This is ____ the question lies.
A. what
B. that
C. where
D. how
28. He stood there quite still, ____ his lips moved slightly.
A. except for
B. except
C. except that
D. except what
29. The fact ____ she had not said anything ____ all of us.
A. what; surprised
B. what; was surprised
C. that; surprised
D. that; was surprised
30. I have no doubt ____ we shall be able to do something for you.
A. whether
B. if
C. that
D. what
31. We must do ____ the party ____ us.
A. as; tell
B. as; tells
C. what; tell
D. what; tells
32. It was natural that my pictures ____ them.
A. surprised
B. would surprise
C. should surprise
D. would have surprised
33. Air, or ____ is called the atmosphere, surrounds the whole world.
A. it
B. which
C. what
D. that
34. ____ still needs to be discussed.
A. How is the plan to be carried out
B. How the plan is to be carried out
C. Why is the plan carried out
D. Why the plan carried out
35. Do ____ you think is right, ____ difficulties you may have.
A. what; however
B. that; whatever
C. whatever; whoever
D. what; whatever
名词性从句超详细讲解] 【文字｜双语| 教程】▼引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词（5个）：that （本身无意义。引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不被省略）whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though （[1] 均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词（10个）：what/ whatever, who/ whoever, whom/ whomever, whose/whosever, which/ whichever连接副词（7个）：when/ whenever, where/ wherever, how/ however, why不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词。2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.3. 在从句中做成分的连词.比较whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下，只可用whether：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首。 eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.2. 引导表语从句。eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.3.whether从句作介词宾语。eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.4.if与whether都可以与or not 连用，但后面紧跟or not 时只能用whether。We didn't know whether or not she was ready.（此时只能用
英语语法：名词性从句语法讲解 时间：2016-10-08作者：来源：精品学习网 笔者在此就名词性从句中的几大易错点进行分析，希望对同学们有所帮助。 [关系代词和关系副词的误用] 例1 （2016·全国卷Ⅰ） My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. 解析 that→where。本题考查宾语从句，引导词在从句中充当地点状语，所以将that改为where。 例2 （2015·全国卷Ⅱ） As natural architects， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 解析 how。根据语境和空后的形容词thick可知应用how引导宾语从句，此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。故答案为how。 点拨若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用关系代词；若从句缺少时间、地点、原因、方式等状语成分，则使用关系副词 （when/where/why/how）。 [if和whether的误用] 例3 He asked her the question if they can be friends. 解析 if→whether。question后为同位语从句，只能用whether来引导，故而将if改为whether。 例4 It doesn’t matter so much you will come or not. 解析考查主语从句。句意：你来还是不来，这不怎么重要。代词it作形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的主语从句。 点拨在表达“是否”这一意思时，我们经常会用到whether和if，但以下几种情况只用whether不用if： 1. 在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中； 2. 在介词后的宾语从句中。如：It all depends on whether they will
名词性从句 同学们，在第3、4、5单元我们分别学习了宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。它们都属于名词性从句。现在，我们将从下面几点谈谈名词性从句： 一、相关概念; 二、种类; 三、常见引导词; 四、七大常考考点: 1.that \ what \ which; 2.it形式主语、宾语的用法; 3.语序问题; 4.同位语从句和定从的区别; 5.what \ whatever… 6.if\whether; 7.虚拟语气问题; 五、相关习题集中练习 一. 相关概念 1. 名词：表示人或事物的名称的词 2. 名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语,宾语,表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语,状语。 3. 名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫:名词性从句。 二、名词性从句的种类 1. When we will start is not clear. 主语从句 2. Mrs. Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief. 宾语从句 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 表语从句 4. I had no idea that you were her friend.同位语从句 三、常见引导词： 1）从属连词that只引导，本身无意义，仅起引导作用。（引导宾语从句时可省，但是如果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个） 2）连接代词who, whom, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等，有意义，作成分 3）连接副词where, when, how, why等，有意义，在句中作状语
高一语法专题：名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在 复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性 从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的词叫做连接词，包括：1. 连词（在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不 作成分） 2. 连接代词（在名词性从句中作主语、宾语 或表语） 3. 连接副词（在名词性从句中作状语） I 主语从句：是在主句中作主语的从句。它由连接词引导，通常位于谓语动词之前。 连接词：
1. 连词：在从句中不充当任何成分，常见的引导主语从句的连词有that, whether。 That he got the first prize excited him much. 他获得一等奖一事使他非常兴奋。 It is doubtful whether we can get there on time. 我们能否按时到达那儿还不确定。 1）that引导的主语从句：在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义。一般情况 下that不可省略。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光沿直线传播。 That you don't like him is none of my business. 你不喜欢他不关我的事。 2）whether引导的主语从句：常置于句首，表示“是否”之意；
Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。 Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it. 你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。 2.连接代词：在从句中起名词或代词的作用，常作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具 体意义且不能省略。常见的连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever。 What we should do with the problem is undecided. 我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。（what引导主语从句，不表疑问意义） Whom the letter was from is still unknown.
第四讲 名词性从句 1．(2016·江苏高考，21)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. A．why B．what C．as D．that D [考查主语从句。句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，故选D项。It is often the case that...可视为固定句式，意为“通常情况下……”。] 2．(2015·江苏高考，25)________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it. A．That B．Why C．Where D．How C [考查名词性从句引导词的选择。句意：中国的大诗人李白的出生地众所周知，但有些人还不认可。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet是Li Bai 的同位语，where Li Bai...was born是主语从句，表示“李白出生的地方”。] 3．(2014·江苏高考，26)—What a mess！You are always so lazy! —I'm not to blame，mum.I am ________ you have made me. A．how B．what C．that D．who B [考查名词性从句引导词的选择。句意：“真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！”“妈妈，我不应该受到责备。我这个样子都是你一手造就的。”分析句子结构可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作me的补足语，相当于the one/person that，即I am the one/person that you have made me.。类似的例子还
名词性从句 一、主语从句 1. {That he is a hero }is known to us all. It is known to us all that he is a hero. 2. What he said at the meeting made all the students annoyed. 二、宾语从句 3. They didn’t realize that we had finished the work. 4. He told us (that) Tom had passed the test. 5. I don’t know why he was late. 三、表语从句（表示是否的含义时只能用 whether） Be/seem/look/appear/remain/ 6. The reason why he was late for the meeting is
that he failed to catch the early bus. 7. My question is that he can’t speak French. 8. It looks as if he has passed the test. 四、同位语从句 Eg. Tom, my best friend, likes swimming. 9. The problem whether he will go abroad hasn’t been decided yet. 10. The fact that he never apologizes makes us angry. 同位语从句中经常出现的标志 Word/news, possibility/chance, 可能性 Evidence/proof, problem/question, information/message, idea/opinion/view, doubt, fact, assumption
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的词叫做连接词，包括： 1. 连词（在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不作成分） 2. 连接代词（在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语） 3. 连接副词（在名词性从句中作状语） 所有的名词性从句的语序都是陈述句语序。 主语从句：是在主句中作主语的从句。它由连接词引导，通常位于谓语动词之前。连接词： 1. 连词：在从句中不充当任何成分，常见的引导主语从句的连词有that, whether。That he got the first prize excited him much. 他获得一等奖一事使他非常兴奋。 It is doubtful whether we can get there on time. 我们能否按时到达那儿还不确定。 1）that引导的主语从句：在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义。一般情况 下that不可省略。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光沿直线传播。 That you don't like him is none of my business. 你不喜欢他不关我的事。 2）whether引导的主语从句：常置于句首，表示“是否”之意； if一般不引导主语从句。 Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。 Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it. 你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。 连接代词：在从句中起名词或代词的作用，常作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具体意义且不能省略。常见的连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever。 What we should do with the problem is undecided. 我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。（what引导主语从句，不表疑问意义）Whom the letter was from is still unknown. 这封信是谁邮寄的还不清楚。 连接副词：在从句中起副词的作用，常作从句的状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。常见的连接副词有when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。Why he did that wasn't quite clear. 他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。 Where we can look up his address is still a problem. 我们在哪儿可以查他的地址还是个难题。 注意：it代替主语从句作形式主语
名词性从句 名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)
第四讲 Lecture four 名词性从句 一、热身训练：高考高频词语 1.（09江苏）---- I' m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have __ . ----So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them. A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up D. closed up 2.（09江西）It is reported that the police will soon ____ the case of two missing children. A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out 3.（09海南）I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t__________ A. get along B. get on C. get to D. get through 4. （10安徽）I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_______ A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure 5（10江西）Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year. A average B number C amount D quantity 6.（10山东）Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter 7（10天津）James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television. A. room B. area C. field D. position 8（10江苏）The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_____. A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization 9（湖北）This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. A. division B. area C. range D. circle 10. After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families. A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture. 二，名词性从句 小试身手 1. One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health（09海南） A. what B. this C. that D. which 2. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions. （09上海） A. what B. which C. that D. how 3. News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. （09四川） A. which B. what C. that D. where 4. It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future. （09天津） A. as B. which C. whether D. that 5．－Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport? （09天津）－No problem. A.When B. that C. whether D. what
名词性从句知识点总结 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… It appears that…似乎… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… It is said that…据说… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
名词性从句精讲 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。That he will come h ere surprises me. I know that he will come here. The news is that he will come here.The new that he will come here surprises me. 一、名词性从句的相同点：1.结构 2.连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 从属连接：that, whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 二、四大名词性从句的剖析 1.主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that 在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. 上星期他突然生病了让我们很惊讶。 Whether he will be able to come remains a question.他是否能够来仍然是一个问题。What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be +形容词+主语从句It is very interesting that he likes such kind of books. （2）It + be +名词+主语从句It is a pity that he missed the lecture. （3）It + be +动词的过去分词+ that从句It is said that they have won the game. （4）It +不及物动词+ that从句It seems that something is wrong with the computer. 另注意在主语从句中用来表示必须、理应如此、建议、要求等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 2.宾语从句 名词性从句用作宾语叫宾语从句，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词与
第四讲名词性从句 1．(2016·江苏高考，21)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. A．why B．what C．as D．that D[考查主语从句。句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，故选D项。It is often the case that...可视为固定句式，意为“通常情况下……”。] 2．(2015·江苏高考，25)________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it. A．That B．Why C．Where D．How C[考查名词性从句引导词的选择。句意：中国的大诗人李白的出生地众所周知，但有些人还不认可。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet是Li Bai的同位语，where Li Bai...was born是主语从句，表示“李白出生的地方”。] 3．(2014·江苏高考，26)—What a mess！You are always so lazy! —I'm not to blame，mum.I am ________ you have made me. A．how B．what C．that D．who B[考查名词性从句引导词的选择。句意：“真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！”“妈妈，我不应该受到责备。我这个样子都是你一手造就的。”分析句子结构可知，I am后是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作me的补足语，相当于the one/person that，即I am the one/person that you have made me.。类似的例子还有：He is no longer what (＝the one/person that)he used to be.。what在此类句子中意为“……的，具有……特征的”，相当于the one that/the person that/the things that/all that。] 4．(2016·北京高考，24)Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps. A．However B．Whoever C．Whatever D．Wherever C[考查主语从句。句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论你能做什么(whatever)，都会对我们有帮助。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导主语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语，
高中英语从句大全 一．名词性从句 起名词性作用的从句叫名词性从句英语当中其名词性作用的成分有主语，宾语，表语，同位语，当这些成分有一个句子来代替就构成了名词从句，主要有主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。 1.表语从句 1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。（be动词,四“变得”：become, get,turn，go；感官动词look,, smell,sound，taste，feel；及grow, turn out，appear，keep等） 引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)； 关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等； 关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。 可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。 The trouble is that we are short of money. That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow 2、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。 that在引导表语从句时无词义，在口语中，间或可以省略。而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question，trouble，problem等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。 The trouble is that I have lost his address The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。 The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. The question is whether we need more ice cream. The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use. What she could not understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。 关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。 The question is which of us should go. The problem was who could do the work.. That's what he is worrying about. That's what we should do. The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。 Go and get your coat.
四种名词性从句（宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句）讲解与练习 学习宾语从句 学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法（直接引证变间接引语也在宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句（主从、表从、同位从）做铺垫，连词、语序、时态基本相同，只是后三种考点相对宾语从句少的多，主要是对连词的应用进行考查。所以学好宾语从句是必要的。 宾语从句三注意三特殊 一注意：注意引导词（连词） 由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that在口语或非正式文体中可省略；由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether；由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what，when，where等。例如：Tom says (that) he will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京。 He asked me if / whether I know his name. 他问我是否知道他的名字。 I want to know where you went yesterday. 我想知道你昨天去哪儿了。 二注意：注意从句语序 宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说，将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。例如： Can you tell me what he is doing? 你能告诉我他正在做什么吗？ <特别提醒> 当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。例如： Do you know what makes him so angry? 你知道什么事使他如此生气吗？ I don’t know what is wrong with her.我不知道她出什么事了。 三注意：注意从句时态 主句为一般现在时态，则宾语从句根据实际情况用任意的时态；但主句为一般过去时态时，宾语从句则要用过去的相对应的某种时态。例如： She tells me that she will come by train. 她说她将要坐火车来。 She told me that she would come by train. 她说她将要坐火车来。 <特别提醒> 如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在时态。例如： Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon.
名词性从句 一：examples: What you need is more practice. When we shall have our sports meet is still a question. I don’t know where he lives. This is where he lives . = This is the place where he lives. Give it to whomever you trust. I find it wrong that we blamed him for all of this. That was how they were defeated. She looked as if/though she was going to cry. Mr Smith left word with my assistant that he had returned to his own country . We got the news that our team had won the match. We can’t believe th e news that he told us. （That引导的定从句与同位语从句的区别） 二：名词性从句引导词（连接词） a. 连词：that ; if /whether ; b. 连接代词what /whatever which /whichever who/ whoever whom/whomever whose c. 连接副词when /whenever / where / whevever / why/ how That 从句： 1.主语从句：it That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us. （主谓一致） It is +adj +that … It is obvious that he is the best . It is +n +that ... It is no wonder that he won the first prize. It is +done +that …it is reported that he has gone abroad. 2. 宾语从句： a. Do you know (that) he has joined the army? b. We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. c. She said that she had been there and that she liked it very much. d. I know nothing about his career except that he is a graduate of Oxford University. He differed from classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 3. 同位语从句： (fact, hope, desire, thought , suggestion, idea, news, problem, possility ,chance ) News came from the school office ____ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. A.that B. when C. which D. where 总结that 的省略问题 4. 表语从句：