今天，环球托福为备考托福听力的考友们带来托福TPO听力文本翻译Lecture1Astronomy （上），帮助大家复习托福听力以及分析听力文章的重点通常出现在哪些关键词后。下面，请看环球托福分享的托福TPO听力文本：
Computer Science (Software Development)
Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a Computer Science class. The professor is discussing software engineering.
Professor We’ve been talking about the software development cycle, and today I’d like to move on to the next stage of that cycle-testing, and why finding
bugs during testing is actually a great thing. Eh...eh... the quality of the software product often relies heavily on how well it’s been tested. Liz?
托福TPO听力文本翻译
我们已经讨论过了软件开发周期，今天我会继续讲周期测试的下一个阶段，以及为什么寻找“虫子”非常重要。呃……软件产品的质量经常非常依赖测试的好坏。Liz？
Student Um... just a quick thing. Bugs are the word for problems in the program code, right?
Professor
Yeah, in code or in a computer itself. There is a bit of a story behind that term. Um... back in the 1940s, when the computer industry was just starting, a
group of computer scientists was working late one night, and there was a problem in one of the computers’circuits1. When they examined it, they found a five-centimeter long moth caught in there. Once they debugged the computer, it worked just fine. And ever since then, all kinds of computer problems have been known as bugs.
托福TPO听力文本翻译
对，就是指代码或者计算机本身中的问题。这个术语背后是有故事的。嗯……早至20世纪40年代，当计算机产业刚起步的时候，一帮计算机科学家有一天晚上正熬夜赶工，一台计算机的一个电路忽然出现问题。他们检查发现，那儿有一条五厘米长的蠹虫。当把虫子弄掉之后，就一切正常了。自那以后，所有的计算机出的毛病就被叫作“虫子”。
Anyway, you want to find bugs while the software is still in the development and testing phases. Finding them when the software product has already been put on the market can be quite embarrassing. Generally speaking, every software development project has a group of testers and a group of developers. Jack?
托福TPO听力文本翻译
反正，你需要在软件的开发和测试阶段就把虫子找出来，要是当软件产品已经上市才发现的话，那就糗大了。总的来说，每一个软件开发项目都需要一帮测试人员和开发人员。Jack？
Student
And they are different people?
托福TPO听力文本翻译
他们是不同的人？
Professor
They are generally completely different group of people. My personal opinion is that they have to be different groups of people because developers often have a bias for their own work, and it blinds them to certain problems that might be obvious to somebody else. So it is always good to have a different set of eyes to go in there and make sure that everything is tested properly.
托福TPO听力文本翻译
他们通常是完全不同的两帮人。我个人认为，这是因为开发人员对于他们自己的活儿往往会有思维误区，使得他们对某些对其他人来说显而易见的毛病视而不见。因此最好是另外找一批眼睛去挑毛病，保证所有测试顺利。
Ok, now, here’s the key. Developers and testers have different mentalities. The mentality of the software developer is constructive, creative, they are spending long hours working together to create and build something new. A software tester, on the other hand, their entire goal is to look at this product and find problems with it, to improve it. Now, this difference between the testers and the developers can lead to an environment where there is a bit of friction. And that friction sometimes makes it difficult for the two teams to work together.
托福TPO听力文本翻译
好，重点来了。开发人员和测试人员的心理状态是不一样的。软件开发人员的心理状态是建设性、创造性的，他们花很多时间在一起创造新东西。然而，测试人员的目的却是检查该产品并从中挑毛病，从而加以改进。那么，测试人员和开发人员间的这种差别就会导致一些小小的摩擦，而这些摩擦有时会使得两者之间难以合作。
以上即是本次环球托福为大家带来的托福TPO听力文本翻译Lecture1Astronomy，该文未完待续，请看下文：托福TPO听力文本翻译Lecture2 Computer Science（下）。环球托福预祝大家托福考试顺利！