状语从句
(从句用来修饰状语部分，由一系列的副词和连词做引导关联词)
一、条件状语从句
1、一般情况下主句是将来时时，从句要用一般现在时。
2、引导条件状语从句的连词:
1)表示只要，只有: as, as(so) far ......至..... as so long as,不要望文生义理解成足够远足够长) only if(if only 表示要....就好了用于虚拟语气要进行区别) ,only that (不是如果的意思要注意)
2)表示如果: if, in case(that), provided/providing(that), suppose
3)表示考虑到:given (that)
4)表示一旦: once
5)表示条件是: on condition that
6)表示除非: unless(=if not)般情况下，unless 相当于if...not，可以互换。但在以下情况下不可互换:
A)unless引导真实条件句，if..not 可以引导非真实条件句或真实条件句
B)Unless从句中有否定词时，不能换成if..not结构.
C)如果主句描述的是情感或情绪活动方面的内容if..not结构不能换成unless
D)Unless表示唯一条件，不能用and连接重复使用，if..not则可以。
.二、让步状语从句
让步状语从句有虽然，尽管，即使之意，其引导词有:
1、as，though, although虽然
1)当有though, although 时，后面的从句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。Though
还可以用做副词，放在句末。
2) as和though引导的让步状语从句必须使表语或状语(形容词，副词，分词，实义动词等)前置于连词前。
3) as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，如果是动词或现在分词，要提前在句首，谓语要补助动词do，does，did，或will等。作表语用的单数可数名词放在句首时，该名词前不可加冠词或不定冠词。
4)在正式文体中，though引导的让步状语从句要求倒装，其结构与as引导的让步状语从句类似。当though引导的从句不要求倒装时，有时可以用although替换though，但是当让步状语从句指某种假设的情况时，通常用though,而不用although。
5)在as引出的方式状语从句既可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，又可以用虚拟语气，表示与事实不符的情况。
2、even if /even though即使
3、Nomatter+疑问词(what,who,when,where,which,how或疑问词+后缀ever
( whatever /whoever /whenever /whichever/ however)
1)no matter 疑问词不能引导主语从句和宾语从句
2)连词whether..or...或no matter whether.以及whether..or not 或whether..or ..not(不管是否..也可以引导让步状语从句，意思为不管..还.是.....
4、In spite of the fact that,while,much as,for all引导的让步状语从句
5、While作虽然，尽管时，可以引导让步状语从句，这时while表达并列的转折，即在时间上主句与从句的动作是同一时间发生的。While 引导的从句通常放在句首之前。
三、地点状语从句
地点状语从句由where (在... .的地方)，wherever (无论哪里)，anywhere ( 任何地方) ,
和everywhere (每一个地方)引导，既可以放在主语前，也可以放在主语后。
四、比较状语从句
1、比较状语从句常由as(同级比较)、than (不同程度的比较)、the more....the more.
just as ... ，so.... A is to B what /as X is to Y,not so much as等词引导。
2、如果主句(结果)在前，从句(条件)在后，则主句不用倒装，只需倒装从句:主语+
谓语+the more+the more主语+谓语。主句为结果，从句为条件。
3、注意than后的省略(见方式状语中的4)
五、原因状语从句
表示原因的状语从句可以由as (由于)，because (因为)，since (既然)，now (that) (既
然)，considering that (顾及)，seeing that(由于)，for the reason that, not that , in that
(在于) , now that, since, given that ，in as much as ,in so much as等连词引导
1、because，since，as 和for
（1）Because 语气最强，强调原因，在回答why引导的特殊疑问句时，一般只用because;在强调结构it is/was...that..中,也只能用because,此外在关联词no...but.. 结构中，也用because引导的原因状语从句。
（2）since 语气不如because 强，as 则不如since。表达的往往是显而易见的或己为人们所知的原因，强调主句。
（3）for为并列连词，语气最弱，不表示原因，其所联系的是并列句，是一种解释原因，尤其是当用结果来反证原因时
（4）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替，但如果不是.
说明有直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for
（5）其他连词还有now that /seeing (that )/ considering that /in that /no等that
六、方式状语从句
1、方式状语从句通常用as，(just)as...so...,as...if , as though,the way引导。
2、as，(just) as...so.引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后。但在(just) as...so... ..结构中位于句首时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思........就像多用于正式文体。
3、as if /as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性大。汉语译作仿佛...似.的，好像....似的
4、连词than引导的比较状语从句，也是一-种方式状语从句。Than 从句的省略有以下几个特点:
（1）省去主语，保留谓语部分，这种结构多见于正式文体中。
（2）省去部分谓语，保留主语和be、have 或助动词。这是从句中的be、have 或助动词可以放置于主句之前，形成倒装结构。
（3）省去整个谓语部分，保留主语。
（4）省去主语和部分谓语，保留宾语或修饰语
（5）省去宾语
（6）在一些比较省略结构中，than之后了用动词不定式或动名词。
七、结果状语从句
1、结果状语从句常由so....that或such..that引导。其中so是副词,修饰形容词或副词;such 是形容词，修饰名词词组，so...that 与such..that结构可以互相转换。
2、So much,so that用于形容词或副词之后，表示“到如此程度以至于”。
3、当名词有many，much，few，lttle 修饰时要用so，不能用such
4、So ..hat结构中的so有时可放在句首，句子用倒装语序
5可以引导结果状语从句的连词还有
That/ so that/ to the degree that/to the extent that/to such a degree that
八、目的状语从句
1、引导目的状语从句的连词有
That/so that(以便)Lest(唯恐) for fear that/in case in the hope that等。从句使用一些情态动词: can，could，may，might，should等，should 有时可以省略。
2、Lest 有否定的意义。意为以免或似的。Lest 所引导的从句多用助动词should，would, might等虚拟形式。Incase引导的从句则较少用虚拟形式。
3、引导结果状语从句的连词有that、so much..that和so(that)/with the result that等，其中so that 引导的结果状语从句前常用逗号与主句隔开，而so that引导的目的状语从句与主句之间则不用逗号隔开。目的状语从句可置于句首，而结果状语从句则不能放在句首。
九、时间状语从句
1、在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。
2、表.....时候: when、while、as just as、next time、the last time
表示时间先后: after before when
用于完成时态: by the time(等到...时) ，it is the first /second time(第一次...的时候),
hardly when had....before/ no sooner..than刚就), scarcely...When , now that , since ,ever since
表示习惯性、经常性“每次”:each time ,every time,whennever
表示一旦: as soon as, once
表示直到: the instance the moment(一…就…)till, until ,the minute,the second,the day
3、since/ever since
1) It is/was ..since 是常用句型，主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用ever since( eve 放在since之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长)。
2) Ever since可以放在句末，since 不可以.
3)Eversince(自.从...引导的从句一般要用动作或状态的结束。
3、till until及not until
1) till 表示做某事直到某时，动词必须是延续性的。Until 表示直至某时才能做某事
2) Until可用于句首，而till 通常不用于句首，用于肯定句时，主句用延续性动词，若用于否定句主句可以用非延续性动词。
3) Until when疑问句中，until 要放在句首
4、while when as
1)这三个词都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生，as和when引导的从句中的谓语动词既可以是持续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词，while 引导的从句中的谓语为持续性动词。
2)When还有at the momen的意思(=and then) ，引起的句子不能放在句首，也不能用as,while来替换
3)从句表示“随时间推移”连词用as，不用when或while。
4)如果从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时,则多用as,可译为一边，一边。
5)When while as在译成...时候的用法区别: when指一个时间段或持续的动作，while 只.能表示持续的动作或状态，不能表示一段时间的或短暂的动作;as可与when或while互换。
When作正在此时..when从句相当于连词and引导的并列分句。
6)如果when引导的时间状语从句用一.般过去时，其主句用的是过去进行时或be about to 结构，这时主句表示从句动作发生的背景(正在或正要做某事)，when 意为“正在这时”,等于and at this time.
7)关系副词when(先行词是表示时间的名词，在从句中做时间状语，在语义上相当于介词+which，同理where，why 等。
5、表示一...就....的结构
1)hardly/scarely..when/before, no sooner as都可以表示“一....就...的意思。
2)如果这些词放在句首则句子必须倒装
6、before引导的时间状语从句的用法
1)表.....之前，趁....还没有，还没有来得....的意思。从句中的谓语动词有时用情
态动词can、could 。
2 ) It is/was /will be ..(time)before过一段时间才.....的句型不要和it is/has been... (time) since (.自...以来已有多少时间了)句型混淆。
7、一些副词如instantly immediate directly presently等也可以引导时间状语从句
8、句型A is to B what C is to中的连接词what可以用来比较两种事物相同或相似的关系，相当于as(好比)A is to B what C is to较为常见的结构，意为“A之于B就像C之于D一样。
9、Not 比较级+than与句型no+比较级+than
1) Not better than没有...好。..而句型"no比较级+than意为“.和....一样不”，含义为“两者都不
No more than(仅仅，不过，只有) no less than(正如) more than(比.....多得多)
练习
1. John shut everybody out of the kitchen___he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A. which
B. when
C. so that
D.as if
2. I would appreciate it___you call back this afternoon for the doctor's
appointment.
A. until
B. if
C. when
D. that
3. As farasIamconcerned, education is about learning and the more you learn ，
A. the more for life are you equipped
B. the more equipped for life you are
C. the more life you are equipped for
D. you are equipped the more for life
4.After the war, a new school building was put up ____there had once been a theatre.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
5. Is Mr Smith in the office?
Yes , ____he is in charge of the office，he must be there.
A. since
B. however
C. whether
D. for
6. As your good friend. I will do_____help you.
A.that I can to
B.what I can to
C.all that I can
D what I can
7.John may phone tonight. I don't want to go out_____he phones.
A. as long as
B. in order to
C. in case
D.sothat
8.Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up____ I could answer the phone.
A. as
B. since
C. until
D. before
9.Don't look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.
-Oh, yes._____others are weak, he is strong.
A. If
B. When
C. Where
D. Though
10.It is ten years_____he smoked.
A. that
B. when
C. since
D. while
11.We must hurry up_____catch up with the last train.
A. that
B. so that to
C. in order that
D. in order to
12.No matter______hard it may be, I will carry it out.
A. what
B. whatever
C. how
D. however
13._____you may do，you must do it well.
A. Which
B. Whenever
C. Whatever
D. When
14. Are you thinking about going to New York for the holiday?
--No.But if I_____the time, I would definitely go.
A. have
B. had
C. have had
D. would have
15.______you are so weak, you'd better stay at home.
A. Since
B. For
C. Because
D. Though
16.English and French are taught here. You can choose______you like.
A. no matter which
B. whichever
C. which
D. whatever
17.I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other____I 1eft London.
A. as
B. before
C. since
D. till
18.I'll be back before you
A. will leave
B. will have 1eft
C. leave :
D. would leave
19.The problem won't be settled until we____ a chance to discuss it thoroughly.
A. have had
B. will have
C. will have had
D. would have
20.If you_____this experiment, you will understand the theory
better.
A. will be doing
B. have done
C. will have done
D.would do
答案
1~5 CBBBA 6~10 BCDCC 11~15 DCCBA 16-20 BCCAB
状语从句练习题 1.I had been looking for the book for two days____ I found it at last. a.until b. when c. before d. while 2.He punished his students ____ they did anything wrong. a.however b. whenever c. whatever d. whichever 3.Those passengers will wait here____ the bus arrives. a.until b. because c. though d. as 4.Hardly had we reached home ____ it began to rain. a.before b. than c. as soon as d. when 5.No sooner had we arrived at the cinema___ the film began. a.than b. before c. when d. as soon as 6.You can’t watch TV ____ you’ve finished your homework. a.since b. until c. as d. after 7.We had scarcely left our school____ the rain began. a.before b. than c. while d. when 8.We have never seen her again_____ she went to work in another city. a.when b. as c. since d. while 9.____ the fight stopped, travel across the country has been quite safe. a.Since b. When c. After d. Unless 10.They were just about to leave____ the telephone rang.
1. Tim is in good shape physically ________ he does n't get much exercise. A. if B. even though C. uni ess D. as long as 2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school duri ng the day, _____ accompa nied by an adult. A. once B. whe n C. if D. uni ess 3. ___ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem 4. Because of the heavy traffic , it was already time for lunch break ________ she got to her office . A . si nee B .that C . when D . until - 】Joh n thinks it won 't be long he is ready for his new job. A. whe n B. after C. before D. since 6. Today, we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. whe n B. where C. how D. what 7. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. whe n B. while C. after D. since 8. My pare nts don ' t mind what job I do I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 9. You can ' t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as 10. All the dishes in this menu, ______ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unl ess 11. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone __ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. whe n C. which D. since 12. ___ u nemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. 13. — Did you return Fred ' s call? 16. __________ in the fields on a March after noon , he could feel the warmth of spri ng. A . To walk B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked 17. Na ncy enjoyed herself so much she visited her friends in Sydney last year. A.that B.which C.whe n D.where 18. You ' d better not leave the medici ne kids can get at it. A.eve n if B.which C.where D.so that 19. I won ' t call you , ________________ something unexpected happens. A.u nless B.whether C.because D.while 20. — Where' s that report? A. Before B. Where C. U nless D. Until —I didn ' t need to I ' ll see him tomorrow. A. though B. unl ess 14. _I ' m sorry you ' ve been waiting so long , Brian gets back. A. before B. since C. till C. whe n D. because but it ' ll still be some time _____ D. after 15. We ll have a picnic in the park this Sun day ____ ____ it rains or it ' s very cold. A.si nee B. if C. unl ess D. un til
高中英语状语从句讲解汇总 原因从句 除了下面A2，A3中所示各种类型外，这两种从句均可由as或because来引导。但是用as引导原因从句较为稳妥（参见A）；用because引导结果／原因从句较为稳妥（参见B）。 A 原因从句 1 由as／because／since 引导的原因从句： We camped there as／because／since it was too dark to go on． 我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑，不能再继续往前走了。 As／Because／Since it was too dark to go on，we camped there． [ 因为天太黑不能再继续往前走，我们就在那儿露宿了。 2 in view of the fact that可用as／since／seeing that来表示，但不能用because： As／Since／Seeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand． 既然你在这儿，你就帮我个忙吧。 As／Since／Seeing that Tom knows French，he’d better do the talking． 既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。 3 在as／since／seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时，可用if来代替： ~ As／Since／Seeing that／If you don’t like Bill，why did you invite him 既然／如果你不喜欢比尔，你为什么邀请了他 注意：if so的用法： —I hope Bill won’t come． —If so（＝If you hope he won’t come），why did you invite him —我希望比尔别来。 —如果这样（=如果你希望他不来），你为什么邀请了他 关于if＋so／not，参见第347节。 ~ B 结果从句由because或as引导： The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit． 保险丝烧断了，因为我们使线路超载了。 He was angry because we were late． 他生气是因为我们来晚了。 As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day． 因为那天晚上冷得厉害，所以第二天到处都是冰。 ~ As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards． 因为这汤很咸，后来我们渴得厉害。
高中英语状语从句用法详细解析 一、定义： 在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用。 二、分类 根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：①时间状语从句②地点状语从句③原因状语从句④目的状语从句⑤条件状语从句⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句⑧方式状语从句⑨比较状语从句 三、时间状语从句 （一）引导时间状语从句的连词有：as, when(whenever), before, after, as soon as, until(till), since, every time, once. （二）、“as” as, when, while都有“当……的时候”，可以互用When she was a child. While she was a child. She Lived in Paris. As she was a child. as有“一边…一边”的意思 He sang as he walked. “when” When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out. I was sleeping when she came in. 动补 When we arrived at the station, the train had left. “while” 主、从句动作或状态同时发生。用while引导的从句用延续性动词，常表示较长的时间或一个过程。 While we were having supper, all the lights went out. Please keep quiet while others are studying. While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV. when, while并列连问。when和while都可用作并列连问，连接并列分句。When表示“就在……的时候”, while意反而，可是，表示转折。
语法专题复习（四）状语从句讲解 状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、 非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。 一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解 和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下: 1．I fell asleep when he was doing his exercises .他正作练习时我睡着了。（时间状语从句） 3．She always singsa s she walks . 她总是一边走一边唱。（时间状语从句） 4．I waited until he had finished his work . 我等到他做完活。（时间状语 从句） 5．It was not long before he told me about this affair . 不久，他就告诉我 这件事。（时间状语从句） 6．He has worked very hards ince he entered the factory 自从他进厂，工 作一直很努力。（时间状语从句） 1．时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the ins tant, immediately , directly, no sooner ?than, hardly ?when, scarcely ?wh en
高中状语从句讲解+练习 状语通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如： 1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词) 2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语) 3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式) 4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词) 5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下: 1．时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, the instant, immediately , directly, every time, the day，no sooner …than, hardly …when, scarcely …when （1）Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives. 他一到就告诉他我要见他。 （2）The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard. The moment he saw me, he ran away. 他一看见我，就跑了。 He said he’d call you the moment he got home. 他说他一到家就给你打电话 （3）The instant I saw him, I knew he was the man from the restaurant. （4）Immediately you begin to speak, he gives you his full attention.你只要一开始说话，他就全神贯注地听。 （5）My sister came directly she got my message. 我妹妹一收到我的信息就来了。 （6）Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. （7）no sooner... than... ，"一...就..." ，引导时间状语从句,主句用过去完成时,"than"后面的从句用一般过去时.(从这里可以知道,no sooner后面是主句;than后面是从句) 例: I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨来 No sooner ...than...常放在句首,表示强调.这时主句要倒装. 例:No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. （8）He had hardly sat down when the telephone rang.他刚坐下电话就响了。 He had scarcely sat down when there was a knock at the door. 他刚坐下就有人敲门 另外，如果把hardly放于句首，主句要用倒装结构。如： Hardly had I finished eating when he came in. 我刚吃完他就进来了。 2．地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. She was standing exactly where you are standing now那时他就站在你现在站的地方。 Stay where you are.呆在原地别动。 Wherever you go, you should work hard. Sit anywhere you like 随便坐吧 3．原因状语从句
状语从句 状语从句在句中作状语,可分为:时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、比较、地点、方式状语从句。 一、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有:when, as, while, until, not…until, before, after, since, the minute, the moment, each( every, next, the first time等。时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时或一般过去时。 1.When , while, as都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。 1When Eg: When I arrived home , I had a little rest. 注意点: when 从句的主语与主句主语相同,谓语动词是be 动词时,从句主语和be可以省略。 Eg: When (she was walking along the street, she met her class teacher. 2As As 除了表示“当```的时候”,还可表示为“一面```一面”,“随着” Eg: He sang as he danced.(一面```一面 You will grow wiser as you grow older.(随着 3While表示“当```的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,从句一般 用进行时,从句动词必须是延续性动词。
Eg: While we were working, they were having a rest. While (they were having a discussion, they got very confused. 注意点: while 有对比的含义,解释为“然而”。 eg: I prefer black tee, while he likes coffee. 2.until, not…until表示“直到```才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词;在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。 肯定句:I waited until midnight. 否定句:I did not leave until midnight. 注意点: 1not until…在句首,主句用倒装 eg: Not until you had explained how did I manage to do it. 2 It is not until…that…引导的强调句 It was not until it was dark that he came back. 3. the minute, the moment, each time都可表示“一```就```” eg: The worker recognized the type of the machine the moment he saw it. 注意点: the minute, the moment, each ( every, next, the first time作连词不和when 连用。 4.Hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than, as soon as表示为“一```就```”
状语从句 在复合句中作状语，位置灵活。 状语从句可分为时间状语从句，目的状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，方式状语从句，结果状语从句。 （一）时间状语从句 1.when, as, while a.when表时间，从句既可以用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词。 Eg: When I get there I will call you. 如果when引导的时状的主语与主句的主语相同，而从句的谓语又是be动词时，那么从句中的主语与be 可省。 Eg：When （you are）in trouble, you can ask her for help. 如果when引导的时状的主语与主句的主语相同时，往往可以用“when+分词”的形式代替该状从。Eg：When I came into the room(When coming into the room), I found the light was off. b.while表时间，从句需用延续性动词，或者主句的动作发生在从句的动作进行过程中。主句的谓语动词 通常是非延续性动词。 Eg: He came in while I was reading a book. I met her while I was in school. c. as表时间，与when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同在时间点或同时间段进行。同时可表示主句的动作随着从句的动作的变化而变化。 Eg: He jumps as he sings. As the wind rose, the noise increased. 2.before(在……之前)与after（在……之后） Eg：See me before you leave. I saw them after I arrived. 3. till与until 肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。 Eg: Wait till/untill I call you. 等着直到我叫你。 She didn't arrive till/until 6 o'clock.. 她直到6点才到 但是置于句首时只可用untill. Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。否定形式有另外两种表达方式： (1)Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。 Man did not know what heat was until the early years of the 19th century. =Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat was. (2)It is not until…that… He will not go to bed until his mother comes home. =It is not until his mother comes home that he will go to bed. 4. as soon as/the moment/the instant/the second/the minute/immediately和hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than a. as soon as/the moment/the instant/the second/the minute/immediately 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生。译为“一……就” Eg：As soon as she heard the news, she began crying. b. hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than都可以表示"一……就……"的意思，但主句谓语动词一般要用过去完成时，从句谓语动词要用一般过去时。 Eg：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain。 1. We called the First - Aid Center_______ the traffic accident happened. A. immediately B. shortly C.quickly D. hurriedly 2. The roof fell _____he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. A. before B. as C. after D. until 3. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity he reaches the end of the story. A when B whenever C.after D.until 4. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _______ I heard the voices. A. as B. for C. while D.when 5. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse. １
状语从句 状语从句在句中相当于副词做状语, 又叫副词性从句。状语从句分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、结果状语从句和 比较状语从句。掌握状语从句应当从引导词入手，注意引导词的词义,引导状语从句的引导词都有词义，所以，了解引导词的意思尤为重要。引导词按意义分为九类: 1）时间 when , as , while , till , until , before , after , since 2）地点 where 3）原因 because , as , since , now that 4）条件 if , unless , once . so （as） long as . in case 5）让步 though , whatever （--ever ） as , even though , even if 6）目的 so that , in order that 7）结果 so ... that 8）比较 than , as .. as 9）方式 as , as if 一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有： 1）till, not … until …, until, before, since Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. He waited for his father until（till）it was twelve o’clock. It will be five years before he returns from England. 常用句型：It is/was/will be …before…要过多久才…… It isn’t /wasn’t/won’t be…before…没有多久就…… It will be another five days before we finish this task. It is not long before I forgot it all. 2）hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soon as, once表示“一……就” 3）directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that… 一……就 He made for the door directly he heard the knock. 4）each time, every time, by the time（到……为止） Each time he came to my city, he would call on me. 注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。 二、让步状语从句 （1）although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。 Although they are poor,（yet）they are warm-hearted. （2）even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。
t 状语从句讲解和练习 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当 。例如： 1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词) 2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语) 3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式) 4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词) 5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、 结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解 和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词 和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下: 1．时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , dire ctly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2．地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. 3．原因状语从句 常用引导词：because, since, as, since 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable. 4．目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 5．结果状语从句 常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that, 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus. It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it. To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
状语从句 一：状语从句的定义、功能、分类 定义：在复合句中作状语的从句 功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句 分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。位置：从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。 二：考点与难点 1、各种从属连词的含义及用法比较； 2、no matter wh- 与wh-ever 引导的从句的区别； 3、状语从句的时态问题； 4、状语从句倒装及省略； 5、状语从句与其它从句的区别。三：九种常见状语从句用法 1. 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词 1）.基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as, etc. 2）. 名词类 the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant,etc. (一…就…); every time, each time, the last time, the first time, the day, the year, the morning etc. 3）. 副词类：immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一...就...) 4）.句型类：no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…, etc. (一…就…) 注意：1. when, as, while When ①when表示时间点时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示时间段时，用持续性动词。Eg:. When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. （when表示段时间） 2). He waved a hello when he saw her.（when表示点时间） ②. 可用作并列连词，其意义为“这时,突然”，相当于and then suddenly。常用于下列句式： be doing / be about to do sth/ be on the point of doing / have/had done + when Eg.1). I was about to go out when the door bell rang. 2). One evening I was having my dinner when an unexpected friend knocked my door. ③. 还可以表示原因,意思是“既然”，相当于since; considering that Eg. 1). It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes . 2). How can he get good grades when he won't study? While ①while通常表示一段时间，从句中常用持续性动词作谓语。 Eg: Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 ②while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成“然而……”。 Eg: 1). I am fond of English while he likes maths. ③while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然”。 Eg. While they love the children, they are strict with them. As ①表示一边……一边……，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。 eg: She is singing a song as she took a bath. ②as表示随着 eg: As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer. 2. till, until和not…until 1）until /till用于肯定句时，表示直到…为止，主句必须为持续性动词。
状语从句用法详解 在主从复合句中修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫状语从句。 一般可分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句。 I 时间状语从句：起时间状语作用的从句。 （时间状语从句位置灵活，可以在句首，也可在句末） 常用来引导时间状语从句的引导词有：when, while, as, after, before, until/till, since, as soon as, immediately, the moment, every time, whenever等。 1.when, while, as 1) when“当......的时候”，表示主从句的谓语动作同时发生或先后紧接着发生。 I was very happy when I heard from you. 收到你的信时我非常高兴。 When you deal with them, you should be cautious. 跟他们打交道时，你应该谨慎。
when引导时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以用非延续性动词，也可用延续性动词。 When I was young, I went to town myself. 当我还年轻时，我自己独自去城里。（延续性动词） When I lived in country, I used to carry some water for him. 我住在农村时，常常为他担水。（延续性动词） When he received the letter, he'll tell us. 当他接到信后，他会告诉我们的。（非延续性动词） When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly. 火灾发生时，所有的学生正在熟睡。（非延续性动词） 注意：当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表 语又是一个名词时，就可以用由as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。如： As a young man（=When he was a young man）, he was fond of hunting. 他年轻时喜欢打猎。 2）while引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的动词，