动词不定式用法小结
动词不定式用法小结
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为?to＋动词原形?，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一. 作主语例如：
To be a doctor is hard.
做医生很难。
To learn English well is not easy.
学好英语不容易。
动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用?it?作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为：It is hard to be a doctor.
It is not easy to learn English well. 再如：
It’s important to plant trees in spring.
如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例：
It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning.
对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。
It is important for students to use English every day.
对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。
二. 作表语：
动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例：
His work is to drive a car.
他的工作是开车。
My job is to feed animals.
我的工作是饲养动物。
Her ambition is to be a doctor.
她的理想是当医生。
三. 作宾语
动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例：
I want to tell you a story.
我想给你讲个故事。
They begin to work at eight every morning.
他们每天早晨8点开始工作。
Don’t forget to lock the door.
别忘了锁门。
Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?
明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？
*如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省?to?例：
（1）He wants to go and have a swim with us.
他想和我们一起去游泳。
（2）若作宾语的动词不定式（短语）很长，可用it作形式宾语。
I find it interesting to learn English with you.
我觉得和你一起学英语很有趣。
He found it hard to catch up with others.
他觉得赶上别人很困难。
四. 作宾语补足语。例如：
The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.
老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。
The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.
老师常告诉Jim不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。
Please let me help you.
让我来帮助你。
动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号?to?，可以归纳为以下三种句式：
1.不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：
tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth.
例：The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.
I want you to go now.
我想让你现在就走。
Her parents wish her to be a teacher.
她父母亲希望她当老师。
2.省?to?的不定式作宾语补足语：
Let / make / have sb. do sth.
Let the boy go out now.
让那个男孩出去。
The boy made the baby cry.
男孩弄哭了这个小孩。
see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.
I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.
昨天我看见学生们在操场打篮球。
I often hear the girl sing in the next room.
我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱歌。
3.可省可不省的：
help sb. （to）do sth.
I often help my mother （to）do housework.
我经常帮妈妈做家务。
*动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not. 例：
（1）Tell them not to play football in the street.
告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球。
（2）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not. 例：
Let the boy not go.
让那个男孩别走。
（3）如果将主动语态变为被动语态时，作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为主语补足语，动词不定式则不省?to?，即原来省的再加上，例：
The boy made the baby cry.
The baby was made to cry by the boy.
那个孩子被男孩弄哭了。
五. 动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。例：
Who was the first one to arrive?
谁第一个到的？
She has no paper to write on?
她没有纸写字？
The best way to learn English is to use it.
学英语最好的方法是使用它。
When is the best time to plant vegetables?
什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间？
Do you have something to drink?
你这有喝的吗？
*动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。例：
I have no chair to sit on.
我没有椅子坐。
He has no house to live in.
他没有房子住。
六. 动词不定式作目的状语：
动词不定式作目的状语常用在go, come, hurry等不及物动词后，表目的。
He went to see his sister yesterday.
他昨天去看妹妹了。
They got up early to catch the early bus.
他们早起去赶早班车。
有时可以把不定式（短语）提前，放于句首，表示强调目的。例：
To early English quickly and well, he went to England.
为了更快更好地学英语，他去了英国。
七. 不定式和疑问词连用，可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。例：
The problem is where to get a computer. （表语）
No one knows how to do it.
没有人知道如何做这件事。（宾）
I really don’t know which one to choose. （宾）
我真的不知道选哪一个。
When and where to have the party is not known. （主语）
何时何地举行联欢还不知道。
*不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。例：
I don’t know what to do next.
我不知下一步该做什么？
I don’t know what I should do next.
【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）
一. 选择填空：
1. He asked me ________ here earlier.
A. come
B. to come
C. coming
D. came
2. Please tell him _______ on the wall.
A. don’t draw
B. to not draw
C. not to draw
D. not draw
3. He wanted ________ a cup of tea.
A. to have
B. having
C. have
D. had
4. I’d like ________ a word with you.
A. had
B. having
C. to have
D. have
5. I came here _______ my uncle.
A. saw
B. to see
C. seeing
D. to be seen
6. The man refused （拒绝）________ back his words.
A. to take
B. taking
C. took
D. takes
7. I can let you ________ one ticket.
A. to have
B. have
C. having
D. had
8. We often heard him _________ in his room.
A. to sing
B. sings
C. sang
D. sing
9. He was made ________ day and night.
A. work
B. working
C. to work
D. worked
10. He stopped ______ a look, but saw nothing.
A. having
B. to have
C. have
D. had
11. My father was too angry _________ a word.
A. to say
B. not to say
C. to saying
D. didn’t say
12. My brother was old enough ________ to school.
A. went
B. goes
C. going
D. to go
13. It is time ________ him ________ supper.
A. of, to have
B. for, to have
C. of, having
D. for, to has
14. It’s very kind _______ you ______ me.
A. of, to help
B. for, to help
C. of, help
D. of, helping
15. It’s important _________ our classroom clean every day.
A. kept
B. to keep
C. to give
D. keep
16. Before liberation （解放）they had no chance _______ to school.
A. went
B. go
C. to go
D. to be gone
17. He said he had an important meeting ________.
A. attend
B. would attend
C. attending
D. to attend
18. Please give me a piece of paper ________.
A. to write
B. to write on
C. writing
D. to write it
19. I don’t know _______.
A. what do
B. what will do
C. what to do
D. do what
20. Your radio needs ________.
A. to be repaired
B. to repair
C. repaired
D. to repairing
21. My wish is ________ a teacher.
A. becoming
B. to become
C. become
D. became
22. I want ________ him a letter now.
A. to write
B. not write
C. write
D. wrote
23. It took us three days _________ the trees.
A. plant
B. planted
C. to plant
D. plants
24. Why not ________ here _______ me?
A. to come, to see
B. come, to see
C. came, seeing
D. come, see
25. He wishes me ______ my best _________ hard at English.
A. to do, to work
B. doing, working
C. to do, working
D. do, work
26. Please tell me ________ her. I have something _______ her.
A. where to find, telling
B. where to find, to tell
C. where can find, to tell
D. where finding, telling
27. How happy they are ______ each other again!
A. to see
B. see
C. saw
D. being seen
28. They decided （决心）_______ a letter ______ their thanks.
A. to write, expressing（表达）
B. writing, express
C. write, expressed
D. to write, to express
29. The officer ordered （命令）him _______ down _________ a rest.
A. lying, have
B. to lie, to have
C. to lie, having
D. lie, had
30. The headmaster called on （号召）us ______ hard for our country.
A. to work
B. worked
C. work
D. to working
I hate to trouble you.
I prefer to go for a walk.
I prefer singing songs.
C)后跟不定式和-ing分词时，意义完全不同的动词有：remember, forget, regret., try,
mean, chance(碰巧),cannot help...等。它们后面跟不定式表示动作还未发生，而跟现在分词表示动作已经发生。
如：I regret to do this thing.
I regret doing such a thing.
Mean to do 表示打算，意欲做某事：而mean doing表示?意味着，意思是?
如：I mean/plan to buy a house.
Fighting means killing.
Chance to do表示碰巧做某事；而chance doing表示冒险做某事、碰运气试着做某事He chanced to meet his old friend in the street.
He chanced taking part in that race.
Cannot help to do表示不能帮忙做某事;Cannot help doing表示情不自禁，不由得做某事
如：I cannot help to do homework for you.
I cannot help laughing.
4.作介词宾语
除了我们已经谈到的?疑问词+不定式?可以作介词宾语外。通常情况下，只能用-ing分词作介词的宾语。但个别表示?除了。。。之外?的介词如?except, but, than?通常接不定式。
如：I can do nothing except/but wait.
后面跟-ing分词作介词宾语的短语结构主要有：
A)?动词+介词+动名词?
I am used to sleeping on the floor.(习惯于。。。)
I am looking forward to meeting you.
The rain stopped us from working.
She objected to marrying him(反对)
B)?形容词+介词+-ing分词?
the girl standing there （分词短语作定语，故置于所修饰名词之后）
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句
如： a boy who is running
a girl who is standing there
注意：某些现在分词作定语时，已不再表示动作，已经从分词变为了形容词词性。如：an interesting story，an exciting match 。这些也可以属于现在分词作定语，但是不能转化为相应的定语从句。但是可以有三级变化（原级、比较级、最高级）和被某些副词如very修饰。
6.作宾语补语
只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补
１）感官动词或心理状态的动词：see，hear，watch，feel，notice，observe，find，listen to，look at
２）表示致使意义的动词：make, have，get，catch，leave，keep, let
注意：但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to 的不定式作宾补）
eg.I saw him singing now.
和I saw him sing in the house.
注意：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。
7.作状语
分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）一般要与句中主语保持一致。若逻辑主语和分词动作之间为主动，用主动。反之，用被动。
A）作时间状语
如：.Walking in the street,I saw him.当我在街上走时，我看到他了
可以转化为一个时间状语从句：When/While I was walking in the street,I saw him. 注意：当我要强调正在进行的动作时我们可以在分词前面加上when／while 那么上面的例句就可以改写为When/While walking in the street,I saw him.（其实这是省略了从句中的I was,因为从句的主语和主句一致）。
如果句子为：
When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him. 当他走在街上，我看到他了。
这里，由于从句主语和主句主语不一致，故不可省略。
B）作条件状语
如：Working hard,you will succeed. （只要）努力工作，你就会成功。
可以转换为if引导的状语从句。即：If you work hard, you will succeed.
C)作原因状语
如：Being ill,she stayed at home. （因为）生病，她留在家里
注意being是常用来作原因状语的
这句可以转换为相应的原因状语从句：Because/As she was ill, she stayed at home.
D)作让步状语
如. Having failed many times,he didn't lose heart. 有很多次失败，他没有灰心。=Although he had failed many times, he didn't lose heart.
E)作结果状语
如：His friend died,leaving Tom a lot of money, 他的朋友死了，（所以）给汤姆留了很多钱。
=His friend died, so he left Tom a lot of money.
F)作方式状语
如：Please answer the question using another way. 请用另一种方式回答这个问题
G)作伴随状语,表示现在分词的动作正在进行中。
如：
He sat on the chair, singing songs.
They left the shop, satisfied.
The worked for a whole day, exhausted.
They watching TV in the living room, I was cooking in the kitchen.
8. 现在分词的独立主格
（1）独立主格，又叫独立结构，在句中作状语。它没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
（2）独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构可分为两
部分，一部分是名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。
如：He entered the room, his nose red with cold.(名词/代词+形容词) He lay on his back, his hands behind his head.(名词/代词+介词短语)
He entered the classroom, a book in his hand.
He lay on the bed, his eyes closed.
A good student, he always studies very hard.
Whatever the reason, Bob went aboard finally.
（3）这和我们学过的?with的复合结构?是差不多的，只不过它要比独立主格多个with．
（4）分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致?不难发现我每次在叙述这句话时都加上?一般?二字那也就是说也有特殊的时候就是分词的逻辑主语不和句中主语保持一致也就是拥有了自己的独自的逻辑主语那么也就是该用独立主格的时候了．
如：Winter coming，it gets colder and colder．冬天来了天变的越来越冷了
注意这句话，我们不难发现it在句中指代的是?天气?。那么当我把winter去掉的时候，那在形式上就是纯粹的分词作状语。那么我们也就是默认了coming的动作是由it（天气）发出来的。但是我们不妨翻译一下?当天气来的时候，天气变的越来越冷了．?显然句意不通。那么就是说coming的逻辑主语不是it（天气），也就是coming拥有自己的逻辑主语。那么也就是winter，因为coming的动作是由winter发出的。
动词现在分词练习
1.Taking pictures___ very interesting.
A. is
B. are
C. to be
D. be
2.______ the bad news made him cry.
A. Hear
B. Heard
C. Hearing
D. Is hearing
3._____ a desert had always been a risk adventure.
A. being crossed
B. Having crossed
C. Crossing
D. To have crossed
4.Before he came , I’d finished _______ the whole book.
A. to read
B. to have read
C. reading
D. read
5. I always enjoy ____ to popular music at night.
A. to listen
B. listening
C. that I can listen
D. if I can listen
6.We are considering ________ a trip around the island.
A. take b. to take C. to be taking D. taking
7.I hope you don’t mind ____ at your newspaper.
A. I look
B. my looking
C. I looking
D. my to look
8.When a man’s heart stops ______ , he dies.
A. to beat
B. beating
C. beat
D. beaten
9.I can’t help _______ he is still alive.
A. thinking
B. think
C. to think
D. thought of
10.So far as I am concerned , I prefer reading ________ .
A. than meat
B. for joy
C. instead of sleeping D to drinking
11. It goes without _______ that knowledge is important.
A. talking
B. telling
C. saying
D. mentioning
12. we are looking forward ______ our friends next week.
A. to see
B. to seeing
C. to be seeing
D. shall see
13.He spent a lot of money _____ books and magazines.
A. buy
B. buying
C. to buy
D. bought
14.The silkworm is an insect worth _____.
A. to know
B. knowing
C. to be known
D. being known
15.She went out without ______ good-bye to us.
A. say
B. to say
C. saying
D. being said
16.The curious student kept on _______ questions.
A. asks
B. asking
C. to ask
D. asked
17.He is such a strange person; there’s _____ what he’ll do next.
A. no knowing
B. not to know
C. not known
D. being unknown
18.When she heard the bad news, she burst______.
A. into crying
B. out to tears
C. crying
D. out crying
19. You must never cross the street without ______ the light to turn green.
A. waiting B/ to wait C. waiting for D. to wait for
20. Scientists succeed _____ protein out of old newspapers.
A. to make
B. at making
C. making
D. in making
21.I became ______ after watching too much television.
A. bored
B. boring
C. bore
D. bores
22.I felt ____ by his interest in my new invention.
A. encourage B to encourage C. was encouraged D. encouraged
23.He sat there ______ a novel.
A. read
B. reading
C. reads
D. had read
24. Don’t wake up the______ child.
A. sleep
B. slept
C. sleeping
D. sleepy
25.A proverb goes: ‘A ___ stone gathers no moss’.
A. roll
B. rolling
C. rolled
D. rolls
26.The heavy rain kept us _____ for two hours.
A. wait
B. waited
C. waiting
D. to wait
27.I found a dog ______ over by a car on the road.
A. to run
B. run
C. ran
D. running
28. We found the baby ____ on the floor.
A. slept
B. sleep
C. asleep
D. sleeping
29.Jack saw a woman ______ near the dog , so he walked up to her.
A. stood
B. stands
C. to stand
D. standing
30.They got their car ____ at the garage.
A. be washed
B. washed
C. being washed
D. to have been washed
31. _____ with his report , I told him to write it all over again.
A. Dissatisfactory
B. Not being satisfied
C. Having not satisfied
D. Dissatisfying
32._____ our shoes in our hands , we crossed the stream.
A. To carry
B. Carrying
C. Carried
D. Carry
33._____ my homework, I went home .
A. Having finished
B. Finished
C. Being finished
D. Finish
34.____ the door unlocked, I went in.
A. Finding
B. Found
C. Had found
D. Have found
35.______ a careless fellow, he forget all about it.
A. Is
B. Be
C. Being
D. Was
36._____ carefully, this letter is very beautiful
A. Type
B. Typing
C. Typed
D. To typed
37.Animals can do many amazing things when properly___.
A. train
B. training
C. trained
D. to train
38. You must be careful when ___ on the highway.
A. you driving
B. are driving
C. driving
D. you were driving
39.If _____ , I will go to the party tonight.
A. invite
B. inviting
C. to invite
D. invited
40.Thousands of products ____ from coal are now in daily use.
A. made
B. make
C. making
D. to make
41.Engines are machines ___ power or motion.
A. produce
B. producing
C. produced
D. which producing
42.During this battle some soldiers were wounded , and some _____.
A. miss
B. missed
C. missing
D. to miss
43Weather ____ , we will have a picnic tomorrow.
A. permit
B. permits
C. permitted
D. permitting
44.The vacation ____ over , the students came back to school.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. being
45.____, we left off our work.
A. After setting the sun
B. Having set the sun
C. The sun having set
D. Being the sun set.
46.___ the painting, he gave a sigh of relief.
A. Finishing
B. Has finished
C. Being finished
D. Having finished
47.___ the way to take, the traveller went on his journey.
A. Telling
B. Having told
C. Having been told
D. Have told
48.The United States has developed into a modern nation in a very short time___ with many other countries.
A. compares
B. comparing
C. to compare
D. compared
49.When you find something in your writing that needs _____ , you should mark it on the paper.
A. to be correcting
B. correct
C. to correct
D. correcting
50.None of us objected to ____ George to the birthday party.
A. invite
B. inviting
C. have invited
D. invited
高中英语动词不定式用法大全(名师总结必考语法知识点，值得下载) 英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To say is to believe.眼见为实。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to pla nt trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介
词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。） 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一
动词不定式用法归纳 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。 1．作主语 可以直接作主语。如： To see is to believe． 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy．（Lesson 10）． 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj．（形容词）＋to do sth．或 It is ＋n．（名词）＋to do sth．句型中，it仅作形式主语。 2．作宾语 a.以下动词只能to do 作宾语。 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange 安排 mean意欲，打算 begin开始 expect期望 appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 start 开始 undertake承接 want想要 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找，寻觅 try试图 b．love，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。 提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。如： I like swimming，but I don't like to swim now．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。 c．stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 1）stop to do sth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sth．：停止正在做的事。 例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk． 当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。 2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别d．在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep． I feel it easy to recite the text． 点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。 3．作宾语补足语 a．下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce
不定时的用法 to do 的其它用法： 1. 时态和语态形式to do/to be done/to be doing/to have done/to have been done/to have been doing (1) 一般式表动作通常与谓语动词所表动作同时或在其后发生; 进行式表动作与谓语动作同 时进行；完成式表动作发生在谓语动作之前; pretend / believe /say/seem/happen/prove/plan/hope/expect/should like/would like + to have done 表未曾实现的行为; 完成进行式表动作在谓语动作之前已开始并一直进行着，到说话时为止，该动作可能停止，也可能还在继续。 People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in. I didn’t expect you to be waiting for me so long. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported to have broken. the world record in the 110- metre hurdle race. He’s said to have written a new novel. I would like to have had your help. I hoped to have seen her . He planned to have gone abroad. He was said to have been living in New York for twenty years. (1)主动式表逻辑主语为不定式动作的执行者；被动式表逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。 I hope to finish reading the book tonight. We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 2.to do 的主动表被动 (1)to do 作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时又和句子主语构成主谓关系。 I have a lot of papers to deal with. (2) be + 性质adj. + to do . easy/hard/difficult/interesting/heave/pleasant/comfortable/safe/dangerous/impossible Tom is pleasant to work with. This book is difficult to understand. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe. (2)be + let /blame/ seek It seemed that water was to blame. The cause isn’t far to seek. The house is to let. (3)wh- + to do I had no idea who to turn to for help the time I lost. How to divide labor among them is still a question. (5) there be + 主语+ to do 中，当强调某人完成某事时用主动形式；当强调某事必须被完成用被动形式。 There’s many work to do. (sb. has to do the work. )/ to be done.(the work has to be done.) 3.to do 的逻辑主语是其所表动作的承受者时用被动。 It’ an honor for me to be invited to the party. The books and mag azines aren’t allowed to be taken out of the reading room. I wanted the letter to be typed at once She asked to be assigned to do a heavy job. 4.如果逻辑主语没出现，只要意义是被动的，to do仍用被动。 It’s great honor to be elected a delegate to the Party. To be attacke d by the enemy isn’t a bad thing but a good thing. 5.to do中动词的省略，只保留to . (1)to do作某些动词的宾语时：当作宾语的不定式再次出现时，为避免重复，只留to. afford/ agree/ expect/ forget/ hate/ hope/ intend/ mean/ plan/ prefer/ refuse/ try/ want/ wish/ would like/ love/ care
动词不定式用法大全 英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To say is to believe.眼见为实。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。） 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一
be+不定式的用法小结 be＋不定式是英语中常见的一种结构，关于它的用法现在总结如下： 一、构成系表结构： 1、表示目的，例如： The prize was to honour him for his great discoveries. 这项奖励是为了对他的重大发现而表示的敬意。 2、对主语内容进行解释说明，例如： What you should do is (to) answer my questions. 你所应该做的就是回答我的问题。 二、表示将来： 1、表示按计划安排要发生的事情，例如： The president is to visit China next year. 总统将于明年访问中国。 If we are to be there in time, we'll have to hurry up. 如果我们想及时到达那里，就必须要赶快。 注：我们可以说：It's going to rain. 但不能说：It's to rain. 2、表示无法预见的结果或注定要发生的事情，例如： Better days are soon to follow. 好日子就要到了。 三、构成虚拟语气： 1、were to do 用于虚拟条件句中，表示对将来情况的虚拟。例如：What would you do if war were to break out? 假如战争爆发你会怎么做？
2、was/were+不定式的完成式（＝should+不定式的完成式）表示过去应该发生而未发生的动作，例如：We were to have been married last year。 我们本打算去年结婚的。 四、be 后的个别动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，例如： It's Jim who is to blame. 该怪的是吉姆。 This house is to let. 此房出租。 五、其他用法： 1、表示命令，指令。例如： You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room. 任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。 2、表示必须，必要。例如： This letter is to be handed to him in person. 这封信必须要面交他本人。 3、表示能够或可能发生的事情，例如： How are we to convince him? 我们怎么能够说服他呢？ 4、表示应该，例如： Such questions are to be avoided. 这样的问题应该避免。
动词不定式的基本用法 一、概述 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，它能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。其形式如下：（主动形式） ◆一般式（not）to do 一般现在时表示的动词有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. 我希望再见到你。_____________________________________________________ ◆完成式（not）to have done 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 He seems to have caught a cold. 很抱歉给你带来这么多的麻烦。____________________________________________ ◆进行式（not）to be doing 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eating something. 他假装在学习。_______________________________________________________________ 二、动词不定式的语法功能 （一）作宾语 1) 动词+ 不定式 The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 ____________________________________________________________________ ★常用的动词有afford, aim, appear, agree, arrange, ask, decide, bother, care, choose, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, fail, happen, help, learn, long（渴望）, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wish… 2）动词+疑问词+ to Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
省略to的动词不定式用法归纳 一、使役动词与to的省略 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式必须省略to。如： Let me have another cup of tea.给我再来一杯茶。 She had him dig away the snow.她让他把雪挖走。 They made him tell them everything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。 但是，当使役动词用于被动语态时，其后的不定式则必须要带to。如： 他被迫一天工作20小时。 误：He was made work twenty hours a day. 正：He was made to work twenty hours a day. 注意，表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。 另外注意，force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”，但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如： They forced her to sign the paper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。 The law obliged parents to send their children to school.法律要求父母送子女上学。 考例： 1.The teacher forbade ________ our seats. https://www.doczj.com/doc/d69871583.html, to leave https://www.doczj.com/doc/d69871583.html, leaving C.to leave D.to leaving 2.Mary had her friend ________ the best one. A.choose B.chosen C.chose D.to choose 3.The girl was ma de _________ she didn’t love at all. A.marry a man B.to marry a man C.to marry with a man D.married with a man 二、感觉动词与to的省略 当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。如： We all felt the house shake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。 I heard him go down the stairs.我听见他下楼了。 Did you notice her leave the house?她离开屋子你注意到了吗? I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。 但是，当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为to be时，则不能省略to。如：They all felt the plan to be unwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。 注意，当这些动词变为被动语态时，不定式前的to不能省略。如： They were heard to break a glass in the next door.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个
不定式作主语 1)It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的) 例句: It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s g ood for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语： 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car.他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals.我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor.她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start,
英语动词不定式完成式在使用语境中的学习与考查 江苏省沛县湖西中学鹿俊先221611 综观近年的英语高考试题，我们可以看到题目的设置往往强调语言知识在特定语境中的使用，把语言知识放在了语用层面上，即考察实际应用知识的能力。 英语动词不定式的完成式，即(to) have +动词的过去分词形式，是中学英语学习中的重点及难点知识之一，也是高考试题中频繁出现的形式。对于这一形式考查的题目设置通常围绕三类语境，即陈述已经发生过了的事实，推测可能已经发生过了的事实，表达与过去实际情况相反的事实。下面分别加以叙述，以便从语用角度掌握这一语言知识。 1.陈述已经发生过了的事实。 1.1.置于表示情感反应的动词、形容词、分词之后，作为引起该反应的刺激，表示情感反应之前完成的动作。例如： I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. (=I'm sorry that I gave / have given you so much trouble.) It is good to have finished work for the day. (=I am pleased because I have finished.) She said she was sorry to have missed you. (=She said she was sorry that he had missed you.) There was a smile on the boy's face, which seemed to show that he was happy to have given his life to his country. (=…he was happy that he had given his life to his country.) 1.2.置于be said, be considered, be believed, seem, appear, happen, turn out,等之后表示这些动作之前完成的动作。例如： I don't know whether you happen to have heard, but I am going to study in the U.S.A. this September. Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer. (=It is generally considered that Charles Babbage invented the first computer.) He is said to have studied abroad, but I don't know which country he studied in. (= It is said that he studied abroad, b ut….) I appear to have made a small mistake. (=It appears that I made / have made a small mistake.) He seems to have missed the train. (=It seems that he missed the train.) 1.3.置于should之后，表达说话人对已发生了的事实的情感的反应，如惊奇、遗憾、喜悦、不安、失望，等，should相当于汉语中的“竟然”，“居然”。例如：They were surprised (that) a child should have worked out the problem while they themselves couldn't. It is strange that she should have married such an old man. 2.推测可能已经发生过了的事实。 2.1.置于must, will, would, can't, couldn't 之后，表示很有把握的推论。例如： The city must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. An ambulance is waiting in the street. Somebody must have been hurt or killed. --I met her soon after the war.
动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式。其结构是“to+动词原形”，否定形式为“not+to+动词原形”。动词不定式在句中不充当谓语，不受主语的限制，但有时态和语态的变化。但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。动词不定式是中考的必考点之一。现结合最近几年的中考真题，全面梳理动词不定式的考点. 一、动词不定式做主语 1. 动词不定式直接做主语，谓语动词用三单。如： To swim in the river is dangerous.在河里游泳是很危险的。 To ask the teacher for help is necessary.向老师寻求帮助是有必要的。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实 2.下列特殊句型中的动词不定式做真实主语。 不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语. ▲“It is+形容词+for sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。其中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语，不对人或物的品格进行评价，如difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，impossible等。 例1：It is important ____ us ________ English well. A. for；to learn B. of；to learn C. for；learn D. of；learn ▲“It is+形容词+of sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等。 例2：—Let me help you carry the box，Granny. —Thank you，Li Lei. It’s very nice________ you ____________me. A. of；to help B. for；to help C. of；helping D. for；helping 小结：It’s +clever,wise, kind, good, right, nice (of + sb.) + to do . sth.wrong, bad, cruel silly, stupid, foolish careful, careless It’s +difficult, hard, easy,+ ( for + sb. ) + to do sth. possible, impossibl ,important,` 3. “It’s a/one’s+n.（task/duty/job）...+to do sth.”意为“做某事是……的任务/职责/工作”。如： It’s my duty to save patients.治病救人是我的职责。 例3：—It’s our duty __________our city clean and beautiful. —Yes.We should do something for it. A. to keep B. keep C. keeping 4.It takes sb time to do sth . 汉译英：每天步行上学花费我十分钟。 _________________________________________________________ 二、动词不定式做表语 动词不定式做表语，一般用于be动词或seem等系表动词后面。主语通常是wish，idea，works，task，job，aim等词。如： My work is ___________ the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。 He seemed ____________ nothing.他似乎什么也没有听到。 三、动词不定式做宾语 动词不定式做宾语是中考常考考点之一，具体用法分为两种情况： 1. 一些动词必须接动词不定式做宾语，这类动词有want（想要），decide（决定），ask（问、寻求），learn（学习），tell（告诉），teach（教、讲授），hope（希望），plan（计划），refuse（拒绝），expect（期待、期望），afford（负担得起），warn（警告），invite（邀请）等。 例4：They decided _____________a bridge over the river. A. build B. to build C. building 例5：— Some children can’t afford ________________ dictionaries. —Let’s donate our pocket money to them. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. be bought 2.think，find，feel，make，believe等动词可用于“动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”结构。在此句型中，it做形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。 例6：I found _________ necessary _______him.. A. that；talk B. it；to talk C. that；to talk You helped _______________________________________________________ (使我拥有幸运成为可能) (make ) 4．有些动词接动词不定式与接动名词有区别 mean to do sth 打算干某事 mean doing sth 意味着干某事 forget/remember to do sth 忘记/记得要做某事 forget/remember doing sth 忘记/记得已做过某事 stop to do sth 终止一件事，去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth尝试做某事 四、动词不定式做宾语补足语 The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.
动词不定式的用法总结 动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛，一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。接下来为大家提供了以下：动词不定式的用法总结一 动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形，但to有时要省去。 而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to，取决于谓语动词的用法。 现就以下几方面介绍如下。 一、不定式结构 1. 带to的不定式结构 能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。 如： I want to go to the movies with you. 我想跟你一起去看电影。 Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave. 在你离开之前别忘了关灯。 注意：动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。
如： Dave told me not to wake up Kate. 大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。 2. 不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式： (1)在固定词组had better之后。 注意：had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。 如： You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。 It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out. 外面很冷，你最好不要出去。 (2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如： I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn’t see you come in. 我没看见你进来。 (3)在引导疑问句的why not之后。 Why not+不带to的不定式是Why don’t you do的省
动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1．作主语 可以直接作主语。如：To see is to believe． 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy． 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj．（形容词）＋to do sth．或It is ＋n．（名词）＋to do sth．句型中，it仅作形式主语。 2．作宾语 a．want，decide ，agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如： We agreed to start early． She wants to be a doctor． b．love，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。 提示板：like doing指经常性动作，而like to do指一次性的动作。如： I like swimming，but I don't like to swim now．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。 c．stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 提示板： 1）stop to do sth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sth．：停止正在做的事。 例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk．当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。 2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？ d．在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如： The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep． I feel it easy to recite the text． 点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop例句。 3．作宾语补足语 a．tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如： I tell him not to go there by bus ． Edison's mother taught him to read and write． b．let，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch，notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如： The boss makes them work 16 hours a day．I heard her sing in the next room． 提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。如： They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss． She was heard to sing in the next room． 4．作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面 例句：I have a lot of work to do． The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy． 点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。如： I have a small bedroom to live in． Have you got some pens to write with？ 5．表语：放在连系动词be后面 例句：His wish is to become a scientist． The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives． 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。 6．作状语