大学英语语法知识集团公司文件内部编码：（TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-
第一章基本句型
1．句子成分
1）主语：表示句子所说为何人或何物，可由名词（词组）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动词-ing 形式（短语）和名词从句等充当。
A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. The farmer plowed his field.
He enjoys camping in the mountains. To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.
Living in that island country for three months was an unforgettable experience for me. T wo will be enough.
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. That they failed
in their attempt is entirely understandable.
2) 谓语：说明主语做什么或是什么，由动词充当，须与主语保持人称和数的一致。动词的性质决定其是否必须跟主语补语、宾语、宾语补语以及状语等后续成分。People’s standards of living are going up steadily.I may be wrong.
He watched horrified by the terrible accident. I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant.
She left the room angry and frustrated. She looked sad and discouraged.
We have long been hoping to visit your country. We have to do something for them.
It was proposed that he cultural relations between the two countries be expanded.
For many years he remained single. He is called
Little Tiger.
3) 表语：说明主语是什么或怎么样，可由名词（词组）、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式（短语）、副词、介词短语、词组、从句等充当。
He still remained a hero in people’s min ds. What nationality is he?
That’s something we have always to keep in mind. Seventy-four! You don’t look it.
She was the first to learn about it. His hair has gone white.
Her first job had been selling computers. Time is pressing. Let’s hurry up.
The thing for her to have done was to have run away from her home, but she never did.
All I could do was send him a telegram. We must be off now. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. She felt at ease and confident in the future.
They are twice the size of chickens. That would be a great weight off my mind.
4) 宾语：表示动作行为的对象，由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或其他东西、动名词（短语），不定式（短语）、复合结构、从句等充当。
Show your passports, please! They didn’t promise him anything definite.
-- How many do you need? -- We need two. They carried the seriously wounded.
I enjoyed working with you. Hope to see you again.
You will find the pain easing up in a few hours. I’ll get it stamped.
See that everything is ready by half past ten. Did you write down what she said?
◆介词宾语：介词不能在句中独立充当一个成分，而需和一个名词或与之相当的东西构成介词短语，来在句中充当一个成分。和介词构成短语的那个部分称为介词宾语。能充当介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词（短语）、由连接代（副）词引起的从句或不定式短语。
It’s going to be windy tomorrow acc ording to the weather forecast.
How much luggage can I take with me? She is fond of skating.
I’m thinking of how we can fulfil the task ahead of time.He gave a lesson on how to improve soil.
5) 宾语补语：用来补充说明宾语，可由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语、动词-ing形式以及动词-ed形式等充当。
6) 定语：用来修饰名词或代词，由形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、分词（短语）、不定式（短语）、介词短语、副词、从句等充当。
Our government tries in every way to satisfy our need. He gave a vivid description of the battle.
Our two hundred thousand auto workers are out on strike. We belong to the third world.
They are to send a government trade delegation to China. His words moved everyone present.
