北京大学2013年网络学历教育大学英语模拟题1
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绿色学习,快乐考试/
英 语
考试形式及试卷结构
试卷总分:100分
考试时间:90分钟
考试方式:闭卷,笔试
具体的考查内容和要求如下:
第一部分:语音
共10小题,每小题1分,共10分。要求考生从所给的四个单词的划线部分中选出一个与其他三个语音不同的选项。
第二部分:词汇与语法结构
共20小题,每小题1分,共20分。每小题留有空白处,要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案填人空白,使句子意思完整。
第三部分:完型填空
共10小题,每小题1.5分,共30分。这部分是一篇短文,短文中有10处空白,每个空白为1小题。每小题有四个选项,要求考生在阅读理解文章内容的基础上,选择一个最佳答案,使短文的意思和结构合理、完整。
第四部分:阅读理解
共20小题,每小题2分,共40分。这部分由5篇文章组成。每篇文章后有5个问题,要求考生在理解全文的基础上,从题后给出的四个选项中选出一个最符合题意的答案。
语法要点讲解
(一) 动词的时态
主要的动词时态包括:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时、过去将来时、将来完成时等
其中较重要的时态有:
过去进行时:What were you doing at eight P.M. yesterday?
We were studying at Peking University from 1991 to 1995.
现在完成时:The professor has arrived.
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
过去完成时:When we got there, the plane had already left.
By the time we arrived there, they had finished super.
将来完成时:We will have finished five exams by next Friday.
(二) 情态动词 绿色学习,快乐考试/
一.情态动词表示推测用法
1. 情态动词+动词原形,表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 我不知道她在哪儿,可能在武汉。
The man over there must be Mr. Wang. 那边那人一定是王先生。
2. 情态动词+动词现在进行时,表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时,想必我们老师正在批改试卷。
-What can they be talking about? 他们可能在谈论什么?
-They may/must be talking about the news we heard this morning.
他们也许/肯定在谈论我们今天早上听到的新闻。
3. 情态动词+动词完成时,表示对过去情况的推测。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
Mr. Zhang isn’t here yet. He must have forgotten about the meeting.
张先生还没来。他肯定忘了这次会议了。
4. 情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时,表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5. 推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示,不用mustn’t
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
二.情态动词表虚拟
1.“should/ ought to + have +过去分词”表示过去应该做,而没有做,意为“原本应该”,含有责备之意。
You should have got up earlier. 你本来应该早些起的。(但没早起)
2. “might +have+过去分词”表示“本来可以”。
You might have made greater progress. 你本来可以取得更大的进步。(但你没取得)
3. “needn’t + have +过去分词”表示过去不必做而做了,意为“原本不必”,有责备之意。
There was enough time. He needn’t have hurried. 有足够的时间,他本来不必这么慌忙。(慌忙了)
4. “could + have +过去分词”意为“原本能够”
You could have been more careful. 你本来能更仔细些的。(但没有更仔细)
(三) 非谓语动词
动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。这几种形式在句子中可以担当主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语等多种功能,
一.动词不定式和动名词的区别
动词不定式和动名词的差别主要体现在两者作为动词宾语时。动词不定式和动名词都可以做动词的宾语,有的动词只能接不定式做宾语,有的动词只能接动名词做宾语,而有的动词二者皆可。常见的只能跟不定式做宾语的动词有以下这些:
afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, care, claim, consent, dare, decide, demand,
deserve, determine, expect, force, hesitate, hope, learn, manage, offer, prepare, pretend,
promise, prove, refuse, wait, wish, etc.
常见的只能跟动名词做宾语的动词有以下这些:
admit, advise, avoid, delay, deny, escape, fancy, finish, imagine, involve, mind, practise, recall,
resist, suggest, etc.
有些成语动词后也只能跟动名词做宾语,例如:
burst out, give up, put off, carry on, end up, keep on, be worth doing, have trouble doing, be 绿色学习,快乐考试/
used to, be accustomed to, etc.
二.分词作状语
1.分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语保持一致。如果两者为逻辑上的主谓关系,分词用现在分词;如果两者为逻辑上的被动关系,则用过去分词。例如:
Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. (城市是被看,用过去分词。)
Seeing from the hill, we found the city beautiful.( 我们是主动看,用现在分词。)
They went out of the hall, talking and laughing. (主句的主语they是主动发出talk 和laugh动作的,用现在分词。)
2.分词完成式作状语表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前。例如:
Having visited the library, they went to the computer room.(visit发生在go之前)
Having been shown around the school, they were led to see the lab. (be shown around the
school发生在be led to see the lab 之前。)
三.分词作补语
分词作补足语应分析其与所补足的词之间的关系,如果两者为逻辑上的主谓关系,分词用现在分词;如果两者为逻辑上的动宾关系或被动关系,则用过去分词。
I heard him singing the song when I passed his room. (he 是sing的主语,用现在分词。)
I must get my bike repaired today. (bike是被repair,用过去分词。)
The two cheats had the fire burning all night long. (fire是burn的主语,用现在分词。)
四.独立主格
分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时,分词短语带有自己的主语(它们之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系)。这个逻辑上的主语一般由名词担任,在分词短语之前,我们称这种“名词 + 分词”的结构为独立主格。
(错) Being Sunday, you needn’t go to school. (分词being的逻辑主语不是句子的主语you,所以错。)
(对) It being Sunday, you needn’t go to school.(分词being前有了自己的逻辑主语it)
Weather permitting, we’ll go to the park. (分词permitting前有自己的逻辑主语weather)
All the work done, you can have a rest. (分词done前有自己的逻辑主语all the work)
分词作独立主格时,有时前面可以加with或without.
He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raised. 他举手着站在那儿。
(四) 强调句
句型结构:It is /was + 被强调的成分 + that/who/whom + 其它成分。
这个句型几乎可以强调除谓语动词外的一切句子成分。
I am right. 我是对的。--- It is I who (that) am right.(强调主语)
They will have a meeting tomorrow. 他们明天开会。
-It is they who/that will have a meeting tomorrow. (强调主语)
-It is a meeting that they will have tomorrow. (强调宾语)
-It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting. (强调时间状语)
(五)名词性从句
名词性从句就是起到名词作用的句子,包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
一.名词性从句的重点是由what引导的名词性从句
what = the thing(s) which/that,即“先行词 + 定语从句的引导词通常翻译成“所„”。“„的东西、事情”
what I did … 我所做的„;what people care about… 人们所关心的„
What he said at the meeting is important. = The thing that he said at the meeting is important.他