2020年英语四级考试仔细阅读模拟题1

2020大学英语四级考试模拟试题一、单选题（一共10题，共20分）1._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD.Debatably正确答案：B您的答案：本题解析：暂无解析2.She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A.countlessB.countableC.numericalD.numeral正确答案：A您的答案：本题解析：暂无解析3.The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A.finalB.furtherC.supplementaryD.extra正确答案：D您的答案：本题解析：暂无解析4.The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce. ”A.recommendationB.recordingC.recollectionD.recognition正确答案：C您的答案：本题解析：暂无解析5.My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A.a hypothesisB.a suggestionC.a contradictionD.a surprise正确答案：A您的答案：本题解析：暂无解析6.Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A.debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck正确答案：D您的答案：本题解析：暂无解析7.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed.The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn ” is used ____.A.to express an intended purposeB.to indicate a high degree of possibilityC.to reveal an undesirable consequenceD.to dramatize a stated fact正确答案：C您的答案：本题解析：暂无解析8.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming___.A.warB.are warC.of warD.are of war正确答案：D您的答案：本题解析：暂无解析9.She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _______mountains behind the apple orchard.A.blue hazy VirginiaB.hazy blue VirginiaC.Virginia hazy blueD.Virginia blue hazy正确答案：B您的答案：本题解析：暂无解析10.U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A.maintainsB.is maintainingC.maintainedD.has been maintaining正确答案：D您的答案：本题解析：暂无解析二、问答题（一共10题，共100分）11.Part IV TranslationCulture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. (Passage Four)正确答案：文化震撼是由于社会交往过程中失去了所有本来熟悉的标记和符号引起焦虑而产生的。

Sample TestQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). Christmas- time attacks made by Somali rebelsB). An explosion at a bus station in central NairobiC). The killing of mire than 70 Ugandans in KampalaD). Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda's capital2. A). On Christmas EveB). Just before midnightC). During a security checkD). In the small hours of the morningQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). It is likely to close many of its storesB). It is known for the quality of its goodsC). It remains competitive in the recessionD). It will expand its online retail business4. A).expand its business beyond groceriesB). Fire 25 000 of its current employeesC). Cut its DVD publishing businessD). Sell the business for one poundQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). All taxis began to use metersB). All taxis got air conditioningC). Advertisements were allowed on taxisD). Old taxis were replaced with new cabs6. A). A low interest loan schemeB). Environmentalists’ protestsC). taxi passengers complaintsD). Permission for car advertising7. A). There are no more irregular practicesB). All new cabs provide air-conditioningC). New cabs are all equipped with metersD). New legislation protects consumer rightsModel Test OneQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1.A). The law of weapon purchasing in Illinois State.B). The relationship between crime and mental illness.C). The graduate student of Northern Illinois UniversityD). The shooting happened in Northern Illinois University2.A). The gunman has mental diseaseB). The gunman is dissatisfied with the universityC). The gunman is dissatisfied with the lectureD). It is not clearQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3.A). It has been influenced b warB). It is devalued by its governmentC). It is ore competitive than beforeD).it has turned into a global currency4.A). Most experts support the four countries’ currency changeB). The meeting on Friday is useless for global recoveryC). Currency wars threaten global economic recoveryD). Policymakers should cooperate with central bankers Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5.A). The preservation f coastal resortsB). The closure of political disputesC). The gap between the rich and the poorD). The commitments to reduce carbon emissions6.A). promisingB). hopefulC). disappointingD). satisfying7.A). 18B). 80C). 94D). 194Model Test TwoQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). They made more efforts to find more new casesB). They tried to prevent the disease out of the capitalC). They held a public movement on hygiene informationD). They boosted the accuracy and promptness of their report2. A). It’s the first time that ingestion disease has broken out in HaitiB). The death rate of ingestion disease is too highC). Death number will keep increasing for a long timeD).ingestion disease could join other local diseases in HaitiQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). The children of the international diplomatic corpsB). The program of International Baccalaureate schoolsC). The school district in the suburb of Detroit,MichiganD).“Mother Earth”class in IB elementary schools4. A). Subject areas are separatedB). Classes are held in the open airC). “Mother Earth ” class covers mathD).Teachers prepare classes togetherQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). White ashB). High temperature waterC). Poison gasD). hurricane6. A). Less than 10B). About 20C). About 120D). More than 7507. A). They have found too many dead bodiesB). They want to persuade people to move awayC). They don’t know hat might happen nextD). They need space to carry out the researchModel Test ThreeQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1.A). The woman ‘s marathon at the historic Brandenburg GateB). The final day of the championships competitionC). Nick Symmonds’ win of the 800 meter semifinal heatD). The final of the men’s four-by-400-meter relay2 A). 3B).4C).7D).8Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). It might hinder people from going shoppingB). It could cause serious traffic accidentC). It might be harmful to some peoples healthD). It could add more holiday atmosphere4. A). In the middle of winterB). Just before ChristmasC). During ChristmasD). After Christmas holidayQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5 A). japanB). South KoreaC). The United StatesD). Australia6. A). Trade imbalancesB). Unstable currency valuesC). Regional disputesD). New members’ applications7. A). 9B).19C).20D).21Model Test FourQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). Offering services to help people stop smokingB). Raising taxesC). Warning people about the dangers of tobaccoD). Enforcing bans on tobacco advertising2. A). More than 5 millionB).More than 8 millionC).More than 1 billionD).More than 10 billionQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). The discovery of voice recordingB). The development of guitar and popular musicC). Les Paul’s musical experience and deathD). Les Paul’s own radio show in Chicago4. A). When he was 10 years oldB). When he was 13 years oldC).When he was a host in ChicagoD).When he was at a local restaurantQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). sleepingB). Holding meetingC). Indulging themselvesD). quarreling6. A). soldiersB). teachersC). lawyersD).businessmen7. A). fireB). Mobile phone signalC). Body bombD). lightModel Test FiveQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). More than 5 millionB). More than 10 millionC). More than 25 millionD). More than 30 million2. A). To help identify where infectious diseases are developingB). To help small and medium size businesses growC). To help improve public servicesD). To help two climate change programsQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). About4.12million units were soldB). They declined to their lowest levelC). There was a decline of 10% than that in JulyD). They indicated a start of rise in August4. A). They are much stronger than their expectationsB). They might reach to 4.25 million unites per yearC). They will be out of control on next month’s reportD).they indicate the housing industry has recovered Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). Britain has decided to restrict bankers’ bonusesB).Britain has decided to raise bankers’ salaryC).Britain has decided to curb bankers’ salaryD).Britain has decided to raise bankers’ bonuses6. A). Those employees whose payments was over $4 000B).Those employees whose payments was $40 000C).Those employees whose payments was over $40 000D).Those employees whose payments was $4 0007. A). Most of it would be paid in moneyB). Most of it would be paid in sharesC). Some of it would be paid in sharesD). Some of it would be paid in moneyModel Test SixQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). The fire erupted in southern AustraliaB). There may be more victimsC). The entire towns have been lostD). The temperatures have reached 57 degrees Celsius2. A). 108B). 47C). Up to 400D). dozensQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). It is set to expire on December 31B). It raised the unemployment rateC). It created 120 000 jobsD). It made middle class families benefited4. A). When unemployment rate droppedB). Before congress went home for the holidaysC). When he made his weekly addressD). Before private sectors created more jobsQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). Top industrial countries met in the US for world financeB). Developing economies met in the US for a summit on financeC). G20 leaders met in the US for a summit on future wold cultureD). Developing and top industrial economies met tn the US for a summit on finance6. A). 5 billionB).50 billionC). 500 billionD). 5000billion7. A). When to avoid a repeat of the financial crisisB). When to inject money without harming a recoveryC). How to withdraw that support without harming a recoveryD). How to inject money without harming a recoveryModel Test SevenQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). The election in KenyaB). The economy and democracyC). The diplomatic relations with other countryD). The peace in the country2. A). About 30B). More than 300C). Around 3 000D). More than 5 000Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). positiveB). reluctantC). optimisticD). careless4. A). 400million dollars and 100 military expertsB). 140 million dollars and 100 military expertsC). 140 million dollars and 500 soldiersD). 400 million dollars and 500 soldiersQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). Negotiations between developing and industrialized countriesB). A struggle to reach a new global agreement on climate changeC). The deadlock of United Nations climatic talksD). A list of demands by developing nations6. A). It’s a global agreement on climate changeB). It expired at the end of last monthC). It fell into deadlock and continued into the second roundD). The United Nations climate talks have made a replacement for it7. A). Crafting replacement for the Kyoto ProtocolB). Reducing emissions of greenhouse gasesC). Stopping industrial emissions of greenhouse gasesD). Coping with the effects of climate change respectivelyModel Test EightQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). The Angeles National ForestB). The fire fighting in Los AngelesC). The tools used in fire fightingD). The protection of Mount Wilson2. A). Tractors and hand toolsB). Helicopters and airplanesC). The slightly higher humidityD). The 20-kilometer fire linesQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A).it is the new health care lawB). It is the short term spending lawC). It is the new federal budget lawD). It is the federal operation law4. A). It will increase the government’s economic burdenB). It will lead to a partial shutdown of the US governmentC). It will give rise to a clash between the two major political partiesD). Ti will oblige people to buy insurance policies unwillingly Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). The country’s big labor unionB). The country’s big governmentC). The country’s big businessD). The county’s big police6. A). They blocked the trafficB). The occupied New YorkC). They clashed with community groupsD). They controlled too much wealth7. A). It has now spread to other Asian citiesB). The protesters have camped in New York’s cultural districtC). Members of labor unions joined the movement on WednesdayD). The protesters represent the wealthiest 99% Of AmericansModel Test NineQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A).it did not reach analysts ‘ expectationsB). It was a favorable news for the automakerC). It hinted a decline of Ford’s net incomeD). It spurred a rise for Ford’s share price2. A). There are small losses in North AmericaB). Prices should be raised in European marketC). Another product line should be set up in EuropeD). Earnings continued to be good in North AmericaQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). The development of French engineering firmsB). Working and living condition in the city of DijonC). The environmentally-friendly building in FranceD). A tour of the landmark buildings in France4. A). Metal skirtB). Solar panelC). Sun shieldD). sandwichQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A) . The international Space StationB). The Siberia VesselC). The Baikonur CosmodromeD).the Progress 456. A). On SundayB). On MondayC). On TuesdayD). On Wednesday7. A). At 4;02 p.mB). At 4; 11 p.mC). At 4;20 p.mD). At 6.11 p.mModel Test Ten Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). South Africa’s multiracial historyB). Musical New Year’s tradition in South AfricaC).southeast Asia slaves in Cape TownD). Cape Town’s mixed race or “colored” residents2. A). The dockworkersB). European minstrelsC).the Dutch colonistsD). Cape Town’s residentsQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). Monitoring all banks in the countryB). Ensuring a safe economic policyC). Providing advice to the PresidentD).offering enough money to the government4.A). She once taught at Berkeley UniversityB).she got tenure at Harvard UniversityC). She has a Nobel Prize in Economic TheoryD). She had been working the Federal Reserve for over 10 yearsQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). To deal with labor unrest in the countryB). To worsen the relationship between police and protestersC). To suppress the legal protestsD). To protect the garment factory workers6. A). In two industrial complexesB). In the southern BangladeshC). In the garment factories of ChittagongD). In the capital Dhaka7. A). It will worsen the relationship between workers and security forcesB).It will worsen the relationship between workers and factory ownersC).It will worsen the relationship between union leaders and legitimate protestersD).It will worsen the relationship between government and protestersModel Test ElevenQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). 18 000B).80 000C).60 000D).16 0002. A). Meet the miners’ original demandB).offer more benefits to poor black minersC). Improve the miners’ working conditionsD). Offer a 10% pay riseQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). Chances of guessing the correct lotto numbersB). Ross’s dreams about winning the lottoC). People’s madness for lotto games in ItalyD). Foreigners’ visit to Italy for the lotto drawings4. A). A huge amount of moneyB). Free flights to ItalyC). A free tour in EuropeD). Tickets for the lotto gamesQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). Stopping renewing an agreementB). Blocking an agreementC). Renewing an agreementD). Blocking the renewal of a contract6. A). It provided sufficient privacy safeguardsB). It cannot protect privacy sufficientlyC). It provided insufficient safeguardsD). It failed to safeguard people’s interests7. A).the Swift Money Transfer SystemB). The Brussels TreatyC). The Lisbon TreatyD). The Swift SystemModel Test Twelve Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). Energy and power shortage in KenyaB). Emergency measures for the livestock in KenyaC). Rockefeller foundations’ assistance in KenyaD). Kenya emergency plan food and water shortage2. A). local communitiesB). The armyC).the civil societyD).the power companyQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). When he was skating in the French AlpsB).when he was skating in the German AlpsC). When he was skiing in the French AlpsD). When he was skiing in the German Alps4. A). He is now in a hospital in MoutiersB). He is having a psychological test nowC). He has an English friend who is a trauma specialistD). He was taken to a local hospital by helicopter Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). They were between Christians and MuslimsB). They were between local people and MuslimsC). They were between local people and ChristiansD). They were between local army and Muslims6. A). It is a large commercial area to the northB). It was under military controlC). It was burnt to the groundD). There wee no debris and smoldering fires7. A). At least 100B). 100C). At least 1 000D). 1000Model Test Thirteen Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). On the first Monday in NovemberB). On the first Tuesday in NovemberC). On the first Monday in DecemberD). On the first Tuesday in December2. A). Farns BaleniB). Ken CuccinelliC). Terry McAuliffeD). Chris ChristieQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). The general US economic activityB). Consumer spending in US economyC). The lower savings rate in AmericaD). The government’s effort on economy4. A). The lower savings rate in four yearsB). The spending boost by AmericansC). Special payments by the governmentD). PNC Financial Services Group’s supportQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). Labor department officialsB). civiliansC). lawmakersD). The army6. A). 0.3%B). 3%C). 9.7%D). 10%7. A). negativeB). positiveC). hopelessD). enlighteningModel Test Fourteen Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A).Saturday classes about language and cultureB). Private high schools in San FranciscoC). The help of American high school students in SenagalD). The repair to the French colonial schoolhouse2. A). Fixing up the clinic inhabited by ducks and chickensB). Repairing and modernizing the village schoolhouseC). Installing solar panels and lights in a French colonial houseD). Learning the geography, language and culture of SenagalQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). Some passengers were injured o the planeB). There was something wrong with the planeC). There were criminals on the jet planeD). It had been thought that the jet had been hi-jacked4. A). The jet was intercepted by US air forceB). The plane’s transponder mistakenly transmitted codeC). The pilots repeatedly told controllers they were hi-jackedD). The armed police arrested several criminals in the jet. Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). The falling trees and high temperaturesB). High temperatures and more powerful windsC). The burning in key areas that was out of controlD). The steep terrain and more powerful wind6. A). Over seven days agoB). Over three days agoC). On WednesdayD).on Monday7. A).about 60 fires are burning in New South WalesB). 17 fires in New South Wales are under controlC). The fires have burned almost 10 000 hectares so farD). Over 200 firefighters have been busy getting the fires in control。

（2020年7月整理）最新英语四级考试模拟题.doc Sample Test Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items. 1. A). Christmas- time attacks made by Somali rebels B). An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi C). The killing of mire than 70 Ugandans in Kampala D). Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda's capital 2. A). On Christmas Eve B). Just before midnight C). During a security check D). In the small hours of the morning Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items. 3. A). It is likely to close many of its stores B). It is known for the quality of its goods C). It remains competitive in the recession D). It will expand its online retail business 4. A).expand its business beyond groceries B). Fire 25 000 of its current employees C). Cut its DVD publishing business D). Sell the business for one pound Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items. 5. A). All taxis began to use meters B). All taxis got air conditioning C). Advertisements were allowed on taxis D). Old taxis were replaced with new cabs 6. A). A low interest loan scheme B). Environmentalists’ protests C). taxi passengers complaints D). Permission for car advertising 7. A). There are no more irregular practices B). All new cabs provide air-conditioning C). New cabs are all equipped with meters D). New legislation protects consumer rights Model Test One Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items. 1.A). The law of weapon purchasing in Illinois State. B). The relationship between crime and mental illness. C). The graduate student of Northern Illinois University D). The shooting happened in Northern Illinois University 2.A). The gunman has mental disease B). The gunman is dissatisfied with the university C). The gunman is dissatisfied with the lecture D). It is not clear Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items. 3.A). It has been influenced b war B). It is devalued by its government C). It is ore competitive than before D).it has turned into a global currency 4.A). Most experts support the four countries’ currency change B). The meeting on Friday is useless for global recovery C). Currency wars threaten global economic recovery D). Policymakers should cooperate with central bankers Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items. 5.A). The preservation f coastal resorts B). The closure of political disputes C). The gap between the rich and the poor D). The commitments to reduce carbon emissions 6.A). promising B). hopeful C). disappointing D). satisfying 7.A). 18 B). 80 C). 94 D). 194 Model Test Two Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items. 1. A). They made more efforts to find more new cases B). They tried to prevent the disease out of the capital C). They held a public movement on hygiene information D). They boosted the accuracy and promptness of their report 2. A). It’s the first time that ingestion disease has broken out in Haiti B). The death rate of ingestion disease is too high C). Death number will keep increasing for a long time D).ingestion disease could join other local diseases in Haiti Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items. 3. A). The children of the international diplomatic corps B). The program of International Baccalaureate schools C). The school district in the suburb of Detroit,Michigan D).“Mother Earth”class in IB elementary schools 4. A). Subject areas are separated B). Classes are held in the open air C). “Mother Earth ” class covers math D).Teachers prepare classes together Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items. 5. A). White ash B). High temperature water C). Poison gas D). hurricane 6. A). Less than 10 B). About 20 C). About 120 D). More than 750 7. A). They have found too many dead bodies B). They want to persuade people to move away C). They don’t know hat might happen next D). They need space to carry out the research Model Test Three Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items. 1.A). The woman ‘s marathon at the historic Brandenburg Gate B). The final day of the championships competition C). Nick Symmonds’ win of the 800 meter semifinal heat D). The final of the men’s four-by-400-meter relay 2 A). 3 B).4 C).7 D).8 Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items. 3. A). It might hinder people from going shopping B). It could cause serious traffic accident C). It might be harmful to some peoples health D). It could add more holiday atmosphere 4. A). In the middle of winter B). Just before Christmas C). During Christmas

2020年9月英语四级模拟题及答案解析（二）2020年9月四级考试在即，松鼠哥今天为大家整理了2020年9月英语四级阅读理解和写作的模拟题及答案解析。

同学们在做完试题后，一定要认真对答案并找出自己做错的原因。

大家加油呀，冲冲冲！祝大家都能高分通过考试！Part ⅢReading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Some radio singals were heard in 1967.They were coming from a point in the sky where there was unknown star.They were coming very regularly,too:about once a second,if they were controlled by clock.The scientists who heard the signals did not tell anybody else.They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people.The signals were coming from a very small body—no bigger,perhaps than the earth.Wasthat why no light could be seen from it?Or were the signals coming from a planet that belonged to some other star? There was no end to the questions,but the scientists kept the news secret.“Perhaps there are intelligent beings out there.”they thought,“who are trying to send messages to other planets,or to us?So the news was not given to the newspaper.Instead,the scientists studied the signals and searched for others like them...Well,all that happened in 1967 and 1968.Since then scientists have learnt more about those strange,regular,radio signals.And they have told the story,of course.The signals do not come from a planet;they come from a new kind of star called a “pulsar””.About a hundred other pulsars have now been found,and most of them are very like the first one.Pulsars are strong radio stars.They are the smallest but the heaviest stars we know at present.A handful of pulsar would weigh a few thousand tons.Their light—if they give much light—is too small for us to see.But we can be sure of this,no intelligent beings are living on them.21. The radio signals discussed in this passage____.A.were regularB.were controlled by a clockC.were heard in 1967 onlyD.were secret messages22. The radio singals were sent by____.A.a satelliteB.a planetC.a sky body which was unknown at that timeD.intelligent beings who were unknown at that time23. The scientists did not tell people about the signals because____.A.the singals stood for secret messagesB.people would ask them too many questionsC.they did not want to frighten peopleD.they stood for unimportant messages24. A pulsar is____.A. a small heavy star which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenB. a small heavy planet which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenC. a small heavy satellite which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenD. a small intelligent being who sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seen25. Which of the following is true?A.One of the pulsars found by scientists sends radio signals.B.Pulsar began to send radio singals in 1967.C.Scientists have searched for pulsars for many years but found none.D.Scientists have found many pulsars since 1967. rn life and ancient life.27. “one out of seven”refers to____.A.more than a third of the lands' earthB.the percentage of the earth's land that is desert-likeC.the number of people who live in dry regionsD.a day of a week28. In paragraph 2,“they are taken to the greener lands in the south.”They refers to____.A.the Sahel farm landB.the farmersC.the cattlesD.the trees29. How many ideas for saving the land are described?A.Five.B.Two.C.Four.D.Three.30. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?A.The earth's desert are slowly spreading.B.One out of 10 people lives in dry regions.C.Their life in the desert is threatened now by traditional problems.D.New water wells can solve the problem in Africa's desert.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in another country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set.News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast.How has this speed of communication changed the world? To many people,the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago,communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the ocean. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach America.This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle, orfight, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed.They would not have died if news had come in time.In the past,communication took much time than it does now.There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today.31. News spreads fast because of____.A.modern transportationB.new technologyC.the change of the worldD.a peace agreement32. According to this passage,____is very important to people in a disaster area.A.fast communicationB.modern technologytest newsD.new ideas33. Which of the following statements is true?A.The world now seems smaller because of faster communication.B.The world is actually smaller today.C.The world is changing its size.D. The distance between England and America has changed since the War of 181234. Two hundred years ago,news between the continents was carried____.A.by telephone and telegraphB.by landC.by airD.by sea35. The New Orleans Battle could have been avoided if the peace agreement had been signed____.A.by both sidesB.in timeC.in AmericaD.in EnglandQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge.We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.[ZZ)]The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health.If we so desire,we can smoke,drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts,eatwhatever foods we want,and live a completely sedentary life-style without any excuse.The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society,although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned.Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.As one example,a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A multitude of factors,both inherited and environmental,influence the development of health related behaviors,and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.However,the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choices.There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices.In discussing the moral of personal choice,Fries and Crapo drew a comparison.[ZZ(Z]They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.[ZZ)]Thus,for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life,personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.36. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because____.A.personal health choices help cure most illnessesB.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC.it is essential to personal freedom in American societyD.wrong decisions could head to poor health37. To “live a completely sedentary life style”(Para. 1) in the passage means____.”A.to live an inactive lifeB.to live a decent lifeC.to live a life with complete freedomD.to live a life of vice38. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because____.A.current medical knowledge is still insufficientB.there are many factors influencing our decisionsC.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for longevityD.people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends39. To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to____.A.improving the quality of one's lifeB.limiting one's personal health choiceC.deliberately ending one's lifeD.breaking the rules of social behavior40. According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on____.A.personal decisionsws of societyC.statistical evidenceD.opinions of friendsPart ⅤWriting (30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition with the title ON Friendship.Your composition should be no less than 120 words.Remember to write your composition neatly.You should also base your composition on the outline below.1.The need for friends2.True friendship3.My principle in making friends答案1短文大意1967年人类收到了一些太空信号。

According to an independent air pollution monitor, reports the guardian and sound levels dropped by 50% in the city center.Q3: What will happen on World-Car-Free-Day in Paris?C. About half of its city center will be closed to cars.Q4: What motivated the mayor of Paris to promote the first World-Car-Free Day in her city?D. The rising air pollution in Paris.News Report 3(5) A Philippine fisherman was feeling down on his luck when a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations. Then, a good luck charm that he kept under his bed changed his life. The unidentified man fished out a giant pearl from the ocean when his anchor got stuck on the rock while sailing off a coastal island in the Philippines 10 years ago. (6) When he was forced to sell it, (7) the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Francesca told him that the £77 giant pearl that he had kept hidden in his run-down wooden house was the biggest pile in the world, which was valued at £76 million. The pearl of Allah, which is currently on display in a New York Museum, only weighs 14 pounds. That is 5 times smaller than the pearl that the fisherman just handed in. The monstrous pearl, measured at 1 foot wide and 2.2 feet long, is going to be verified by local experts and international authorities before hopefully going on display to attract more tourists in the little town.Question 5. What happened to the Philippine fisherman one day?A.His house was burnt down in a fire.Question 6. What was the fisherman forced to do?C. Sell the pearl he had kept for years.Question 7. What did the fisherman learn from the tourist agent?B. His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.Conversation 1W: Mr. Smith, it's a pleasure meeting you.M: Nice to meet you,too. What can I do for you?W: Well, I'm here to show you what our firm can do for you. Astro Consultant has branches in over 50 countries, offering different business services. (8) We area global company with 75 years of history and our clients include some of theworld's largest companies.M: Thank you, Mrs. Houston. I know Astro Consultant is a famous company, but you said you would show me what you could do for me. Well, what exactly can your firm do for my company?W: We advise businesses on all matters—from market analysis to legal issues.Anything of business like yours could need, our firm offers expert advice. CouldI ask you, Mr. Smith, to tell me a little about your company and the challengesyou face? That way, I could better respond as to how we can help you.M: OK, sure. (9) This is a family business started by my grandfather in 1950. We employed just over 100 people. We manufacture an export stone for buildings and other constructions. Our clients usually want a special kind of stone cut in a special design. That's what we do in our factory. (10) Our main challenge is that our national currency is rising and we're losing competitive advantage to stone producers in India.W: I see. that's very interesting. (11) I would suggest that you let us first conducta financial analysis of your company, together with an analysis of yourcompetitors in India. That way we could offer the best advice on different ways forward for you.Q8. What do we learn about the woman's company?A. It boasts a fairly long history.Q9. What does the man say about his own company?D. It is a family business.Q10. What is the main problem with the man's company?B. Losing the competitive edge.Q11. What does the woman suggest doing to help the man’s company?D. Conducting a financial analysis for it.Conversation 2W: (12) Wow, Congratulations, Simon. The place looks absolutely amazing.M: Really? You think so?W: Of course, I love it! It looks like you had a professional interior designer.But you didn't, did you?M: No. I did it all by myself—with a little help from my brother Greg. He's actually in the construction business, which was really helpful.W: Well, honestly, I'm impressed. I knew I could probably repaint the walls in my house over a weekend or something, but not a full renovation. Where did you get your ideas? I wouldn't know where to start.M: (13) Well, for a while now, I've been regularly buying home design magazines every now and then, and say the picture I liked. Believe it or not, I had a full notebook of magazine pages. Since my overall style was quite minimal, I thought and hoped the whole renovation wouldn't be too difficult. And sure enough, with Greg's help,it was very achievable.W: Was it very expensive? I imagine a project like this could be.M: (14) Actually, it was surprisingly affordable. I managed to sell a lot of my old furniture, and put that extra money towards the new material. Greg was also able to get some discount of materials from a recent project he was working on as well. W: Great. If you don't mind, I'd like to pick your brain a bit more. Jonathan andI are thinking of renovating our sitting room, not the whole house—not yet anyway.(15) And we'd love to get some inspiration from your experience. Are you freeto come over for a coffee early next week?Question 12. What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?B. She is really impressed by the man’s house.Question 13. Where did the man get his ideas for the project?C. From home design magazines.Question 14. What did the man say about the project he recently completed?A. The cost was affordable.Question 15. Why does the woman invite the man to her house next week?D. She wants him to share his renovation experience with her.Passage 1(16) Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs England almost￡3 million a year, a study suggests. Children were responsible for the vast majority of cases. 95% of objects removed from noses, and 85% from ears. Every year, an average of 1,218 nose，and 2,479 ear removals took place between 2010 and 2016. (17) According to England's hospital episodes statistics, children aged 1 to 4 were the most likely to need help from doctors for a foreign object in their nose. 5 to 9 -year-olds come to the hospital with something in their ears the most.Jewelry items accounted for up to 40% of cases in both the ears and noses of children. Paper and plastic toys for the items removed next most from noses. Cotton buds, and pencils were also found in years.(18) According to the study, the occurrence of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to curiosity. Children have an impulse to explore their noses and ears. This results in the accidental entry of foreign objects. Any ear, nose and throat surgeon has many weird stories about wonderful objects found in the noses and ears of children and adults. Batteries can pose a particular danger. In all cases, prevention is better than cure. This is why many toys contain warnings about small parts. Recognizing problems early and seeking medical attention is important.Question16 What does England spend an annual￡3 million on?C. Removing objects from patients’ noses and ears.Question17 What do we learn from England's hospital episodes statistics?B. Five-to nine-year-olds are the most likely to put things in their ears. Question18 What is generally believed to account for children putting things in theirears or noses?D. They are curious about these body parts.Passage 2(21) Good morning. Today, I would like to talk to you about my charity Re-bicycle.But before that, let me introduce someone. This is Layla Rahimi. She was so scared when she first moved to new Zealand. Does she struggled to leave the house? I would spend days working up the courage to walk to the supermarket for basic supplies.(19) After a few months of being quite down and unhappy, she was invited to joina local bike club. At this time, Re-bicycle got involved and gave Layla a second-hand bicycle. Within weeks, her depression had begun to ease as she cycled. The bicycle totally changed her life, giving her hope and a true feeling of freedom. (20) To date, Re-bicycle has donated more than 200 bikes to those in need and is now expanding bike-riding lessons as a demand source. With a bike, new comers here can travel farther but for almost no cost. The 3 hours a day they used to spend walking to and from English language lessons has been reduced to just 1hour.(21) Our bike riding lessons are so successful that we are urgently looking for more volunteers, learning to ride a bike is almost always more difficult for an adult. And this can take days and weeks rather than hours. So if any of you have some free time during the weekend, please come join us at Re-bicycle and make a difference in someone’s life.Question 19. What did Re-bicycle do to help Layla Rahimi?A. It gave her a used bicycle.Question 20. What is Re-bicycle doing to help those in need?A. Expanding bike-riding lessons.Question 21. What do we learn from the passage about Re-bicycle?D. It is a charity organization.Passage 3Thanks to the international space station, (22) we know quite a bit about the effects of low gravity on the human body, but NASA scientists want to learn more.To that end, they have been studying how other species deal with low gravity, specifically focusing on mice. The results are both interesting and humorous. The scientists first sent some mice and especially designed cage to the international space station.The cage allowed them to study the behavior of the mice remotely from earth, via video.As you’ll notice in the video, (23) the mice definitely seem uncomfortable at the beginning of the experiment.They move around clumsily, drifting within the small confines of the cage and do their best to figure out which way is up, but without success. However, it’s not long before the m ice begin to catch on.They adapt remarkably well to their new environment, and even use the lack of gravity to their advantage as they push themselves around the cage. That’s when things really get wild. (24) The 11th day of the experiment shows the mice are not just dealing with the gravity change, but actually seem to be enjoying it. Several of the mice are observed running around the cage walls. The scientists wanted to see whether the mice would continue doing the same kinds of activities they were observed doing on earth.(25) The study showed that the mice kept much of the routines intact, including cleaning themselves and eating when hungry.Question 22 : What do NASA scientists want to learn about?A. How animals deal with lack of gravity.Question 23: What does the passage say about the mice at the beginning of the experiment?C. They were not used to the low-gravity environment.Question 24: What was observed about the mice on the 11th day of the experiment?B. They already felt at home in the new environment.Question 25: What did the scientists find about the mice from the experiment? B.They behaved as if they were on Earth.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.B) Invasive species are driving away certain native species.C) The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.D) Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.2. A) It could add to greenhouse emissions.B) It could disrupt the food chains there.C) It could pose a threat to other marine species.D) It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Cars will not be allowed to enter the city.B) About half of its city center will be closed to cars.C) Buses will be the only vehicles allowed on its streets.D) Pedestrians will have free access to the city.4. A) The rising air pollution in Paris.B) The worsening global warming.C) The ever-growing cost of petrol.D) The unbearable traffic noise.Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Many of his possessions were stolen.B) His house was burnt down in a fire.C) His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock.D) His good luck charm sank into the sea.6. A) Change his fishing locations.B) Find a job in a travel agency.C) Spend a few nights on a small island.D) Sell the pearl he had kept for years.7. A) A New York museum...B) The largest pearl in the world...C) His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.D) His pearl could be displayed in a museum.Questions 8 and 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It boast a fairly long history.B) It produces construction materials.C) It has 75 offices around the world.D) It has over 50 business partners.9. A) It has about 50 employees.B) It was started by his father.C) It has a family business.D) It is over 100 years old.10. A) Shortage of raw material supply.B) Legal disputes in many countries.C) Outdated product design.D) Loss of competitive edge.11. A) Conducting a financial analysis for it.B) Providing training for its staff members.C) Seeking new ways to increase its exports.D) Introducing innovative marketing strategies.Questions 12 and 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) She is a real expert at house decorations.B) She is well informed about the design business.C) She is attracted by the color of the sitting room.D) She is really impressed by the man’s house.13. A) From his younger brother Greg.B) From home design magazines.C) From a construction businessman.D) From a professional interior designer.14. A) The effort was worthwhile.B) The style was fashionable.C) The cost was affordable.D) The effect was unexpected.15. A) She’d like him to talk with Jonathan about a new project.B) She wants him to share his renovation experience with her.C) She wants to discuss the house decoration budget with him.D) She’d like to show him around her newly-renovated house.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Providing routine care for small childrenB) Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.C) Doing research on ear, nose and throat diseases.D) Removing objects from patients’noses and ears.17. A) Many children like to smell things they find or play with.B) Many children like to put foreign objects in their mouth.C) Five-to nine-year-olds are the most likely to put things in their ears.D) Children aged one to four are often more curious than older children.18. A) They tend to act out of impulse.B) They want to attract attentions.C) They are unaware of the potential risks.D) They are curious about these body parts.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It paid for her English lessons.B) It gave her a used bicycle.C) It delivered her daily necessities.D) It provided her with physical therapy.20. A) Expanding bike-riding lessons.B) Asking local people for donations.C) Providing free public transport.D) Offering walking tours to visitors.21. A) It is a language school.B) It is a charity organization.C) It is a counseling center.D) It is a sports club.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) How mice imitate human behavior in space.B) How low gravity affects the human body.C) How mice interact in a new environment.D) How animals deal with lack of gravity.23. A) They were not used to the low-gravity environment.B) They found it difficult to figure out where they were.C)They found the space in the cage too small to stay in.D) They were not sensitive to the changed environment.24.A) They tried everything possible to escape from the cage.B) They continued to behave as they did in the beginning.C) They already felt at home in the new environment.D) They had found a lot more activities to engage in.25.A) They repeated their activities every day.B) They behaved as if they were on Earth.C) They begin to eat less after some time.D) They changed their routines in space.听力第一套1. D. A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.2. B. It could pose a threat to other marine species.3. C. About half of its city center will be closed to cars.4. D. The rising air pollution in Paris.5. A. His house was burnt down in a fire.6. C. Sell the pearl he had kept for years.7. B. His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.8. A. It boasts a fairly long history.9. D. It is a family business.10. B. Loss the competitive edge.11. D. Conducting a financial analysis for it.12. B. She is really impressed by the man’s house.13. C. From home design magazines.14. A. The cost was affordable.15. D. She wants him to share his renovation experience with her.16. C. Removing objects from patients’noses and ears.17. B. Five-to nine-year-olds are the most likely to put things in their ears.18. D. They are curious about these body parts.19. A. It gave her a used bicycle.20. A. Expanding bike-riding lessons.21. D. It is a charity organization.22. A. How animals deal with lack of gravity.23. C. They were not used to the low-gravity environment.24. B. They already felt at home in the new environment.25. C. They behaved as if they were on Earth.听力第二套1. D) He did an unusual good deed.2. C) Give some money to the waiter.3. A) Whether or not to move to the state’s mainland.4. B) It costs too much money.5. A) To investigate whether people are grateful for help.6. C) They held doors open for people at various places.7. B) Most people express gratitude for help.8. C) To enquire about solar panel installations.9. D) He has a large family.10. B) The cost of a solar panel installation.11. D) About five year.12. A) At a travel agency.13. D) She wanted to spend more time with her family.14. D) Two weeks.15. A) Choosing some activities herself.16. D) Pay a green tax upon arrival.17. A) It has not been doing a good job in recycling.18. B) To ban single-use plastic bags and straws on Bali island.19. D) Its population is now showing signs of increase.20. C) Commercial hunting.21. D) To seek breeding grounds.22. C) They consume less milk these days.23. A) It is not as healthy as once thought.24. C) They lack the necessary proteins to digest it.25. B) It provides some necessary nutrients.翻译【翻译第一套】鱼是春节前夕餐桌上不可或缺的一道菜，因为汉语中“鱼”字的发音与“余”字的发音相同。

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2020年大学英语四级考试试题及答案解析（一）1. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A. regardB. is regardedC. are regardedD. regards【答案】B解析：句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。

根据动词短语regard...as...把...看作...和句意确定应该用被动语态排除A和D，再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with连接的三个动名词做主语，应该谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。

2. Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you've made.A. assignmentB. associationC. acquisitionD. assumption【答案】D解析：考察名词词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。

A 分配B交往C 获得D 假设，故选择D 【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。

本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening实际发生和instead of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。

3. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.A. conditionB. incomeC. creditD. status【答案】C试题分析：句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。

condition 条件; income 收入; credit 学分，信用(卡);根据句意故选C.4. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.A. effectB. senseC. changeD. chance【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。

Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Oulnges in the Way of Education. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Listening Comprehension Section A ( 25 minutes). .Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heanl.1.A) Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.B)The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.C)Invasive species are driving away certain native species.D)A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.2.A) It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.B)It could pose a threat to other marine species.C)It could disrupt the food chains there.D)It could add to greenhouse emissions.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heanl.3.A) Cars will not be allowed to enter the city.B)Pedestrians will have free access to the city.C)About half of its city center will be closed to cars.D)Buses will be the only vehicles allowed on its streets.4.A) The unbearable traffic noise.C)The ever-growing cost of petrol.B)The worsening global warming.D)The rising air pollution in Paris.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard5.A) His house was burnt down in a fire.C)His good luck charm sank into the sea.B)Many of his possessions were stolen.D)His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock.6.A) Change his fishing locations.C)Sell the pearl he had kept for years.B)Find a job in a travel agency.D)Spend a few nights on a small island.7.A) His pearl could be displayed in a museum.B)His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.C)The largest pearl in the world weighs 14 pounds.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question , you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) It boasts a fairly long history.C)It has 75 offices around the world.B)It has over 50 business partners.D)It produces construction materials.9.A) It was started by his father.C)It is over 100 years old.B)It has about 50 employees.D)It is a family business.10.A) Outdated product design.C)Shortage of raw material supply.B)Loss of competitive edge.D)Legal disputes in many countries.11.A) Introducing innovative marketing strategies.B)Seeking new ways .t o increase its exports.C)Providing training for its staff members.D)Conducting a financial analysis for it.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) She is a real expert at house decorations.B)She is really impressed by the man's house.C)She is well informed about the design business.D)She is attracted by the color of the sitting room.13.A) From a construction businessman.C)From home design magazines.B)From his younger brother Greg.D)From a prof�ional interior designer.14.A) The cost was affordable.C)The effort was worthwhile.B)The style was fashionable.D)The effect was unexpected.15.A) She'd like him to talk with Jonathan about a new project.B)She'd like to show him around her newly-renovated house.C)She wants to discuss the house decoration budget with him.D)She wants him to share his renovation experience with her.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question , you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ) , B ) , C ) and D ) . Then mark the co"esponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.B)Doing research on ear, nose and throat diseases.C)Removing objects from patients' noses and ears.D)Providing routine care for small children.17.A) Children aged one to four are often more curious than older children.B)Five-to nine-year-olds are the most likely to put things in their ears.C)Many children like to put foreign objects in their mouths.18.A) They want to attract attention.C) They are unaware of the potential risks.B)They tend to act out of impulse.D)They are curious about these body parts. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heanl.19.A) It gave her a used bicycle.C)It delivered her daily necessities.B)It paid for her English lessons.D)It provided her with physical therapy.20.A) Expanding bike-riding lessons.C) Offering walking tours to visitors.B)Providing free public transport.21.A) It is a sports club.D)Asking local people for donations.C) It is a counseling center.B)It is a language school.D) It is a charity organizadon. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the � you have just heanl.22.A) How animals deal with lack of gravity.B)How mice interact in a new environment.C)How low gravity affects the human body.D)How mice imitate human behavior in space.23.A) They found the space in the cage too small to stay in.B)They found it difficult to figure out where they were.C)They were not used to the low-gravity environment.D)They were not sensitive to the changed environment.24.A) They continued to behave as they did in the beginning.B)They already felt at home in the new environment.C)They had found a lot more activities to engage in.D)They tried everything possible to escape from the cage.25.A) They changed their routines in space.C)They behaved as if they were on Earth.B)They began to eat less after some time.Part I Section A Reading ComprehensionD)They repeated their activities every day.( 40 minutes)Directions: Jn this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the co"esponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once .Trust is fundamental to life. If you can't trust anything, life becomes intolerable. You can't have relationships without trust, let alone good ones.In the workplace, too, trust is 26 . An organization without trust will be full of fear and27 . If you work for a boss who doesn't trust their employees to do things right, you'll have a -28-time. They'll be checking up on you all the time, correcting "mistakes" and-29-reminding you to do this or that. Colleagues who don't trust one another will need to spend more time30 their backs than doing any useful work.Organizations are always trying to cut costs. Think of all the additional tasks caused by lack of trust. Audit ('fit) departments only exist because of it. Companies keep large volumes of-31- because they don't trust their suppliers, their contractors or their customers. Probably more than half of alladministrative work is only there because of an ever-existing sense that "you can't trust anyone these days. " If even a small part of such valueless work could be 32 , the savings would run into millions of dollars.All this is extra work we 33 onto ourselves because we don't trust peopl�the checking, following through, doing things ourselves because we don't believe others will do them 34 -or at all. If we took all that away, how much extra time would we suddenly find in our life? How much of otir work 35 would disappear?A)constantlyB)credibleC)essentialD)exploringE)gather Section B F)load K)removedG) miserable L)stacksH) p ressure M) suspicionI)properly N)tracked J)records0)watchingDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs_.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph .more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 _�The Place Where the Poor Once ThrivedA)This is the land of opportunity. If that weren't already implied by the landscape-:---rolling green hills,palm trees, sun-kissed flowers-then it's evident in the many stories of people who grew up poor in these sleepy neighborhoods and rose to enormous success. People like Tri Tran, who fled Vietnam on a boat in 1986, showed up in San Jose with nothing, made it to MIT,.and then founded the food-delivery start-up Munchery, which is valued at $ 300 million.B)Indeed, data suggests that this is one of the best places to grow up poor-in America. A child born in theearly 1980s into a low-income family in San Jose had a 12. 9 percent chance of becoming a high earner as an adult, according to a landmark study released in 2014 by the economist Raj Chetty and his colleagues from Harvard and Berkeley. That number-12. 9 percent-may not seem remarkable, but it was: Kids in San Jose whose families fell in the bottom quintile (1i.�,fi4t,) of income nationally had the best shot in the country at reaching the top quintile.C)By contrast, just 4. 4 percent of poor kids in Charlotte moved up to the top; in Detroit the figure was5.5 percent. San Jose had social mobility comparable to Denmark's and Canada's and higher thanother progressive cities such as Boston and Minneapolis.D)The reasons kids in San_ Jose performed so well might seem obvious. Some of the world's mostinnovative companies are located here, providing opportunities such as the one seized by a 12-year-old Mountain View resident named Steve Jobs when he called William Hewlett to ask for spare parts and subsequently received a summer job. This is a city of immigrants�38 percent of the city's population today is foreign-born-and immigrants and their children have historically experienced significant upward mobility in America. The city has long had a large foreign-born population (26. 5 percent in 1990), leading to broader diversity, which, the Harvard .and Berkeley economists say, is a good predictor of mobility.E)Indeed, the streets of San Jose seem, in some ways, to embody the best of America. It's possible todrive in a matter of minutes from sleek ( �i1t: � ) office towers near the airport where people pitch ideas to investors, to· single-family homes with orange trees in their yards, or to a Vietnamese mall.The libraries here offer programs in 17 languages, and there are areas filled with small businesses owned by Vietnamese immigrants, Me,lican immigrants, Korean immigrants, and Filipino immigrants, to name a few.F)But researchers aren't sure exactly why poor kids in San Jose did so well. The city has a low prevalenceof children growing up in single-parent families, and a low level of concentrated poverty, both factors that usually mean a city allows for good intergenerational mobility. But San Jose also performs poorly on some of the measures correlated with good mobility. It is one of the·most unequal places out of the 741 that the researchers measured, and it has high degrees of racial and economic segregation ( 1\1").Its schools underperform based on how much money there is in the area, said Ben Scuderi, a predoctoral fellow at the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard, which uses big data to study how to improve economic opportunities for low-income children. "There's a lot going on here which we don't totally understand," he said. "It's interesting, because it kind of defies our expectations." G)The Chetty data shows that neighborhoods and places mattered for children born in the San Jose areaof the 1980s. Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids today, though, is up for debate. Some of the indicators such as income inequality; measured by the Equality of Opportunity Project for the year 2000, have only worsened in the past 16 years.H)Some San Jose residents say that as inequality has grown in recent years, upward mobility has becomemuch more difficult to achieve. As Silicon Valley has become home to more successful companies, the flood of people to the area has caused housing prices to skyrocket. By most measures, San Jose is no longer a place where low-income, or even middle-income families, can afford to live. Rents in San Jose grew 42. 6 percent between 2006 and 2014, which was the largest increase in the country during that time period. The city has a growing homelessness problem, which it tried. to address by shutting down "The Jungle," one of the largest homeless encampments ( 1� a-J",{tJt) in the nation, in 2014. Inequality is extreme. The Human Development Index-a measure of life expectancy, education and per capita, (A.��) income-gives East San Jose a score of 4. 85 out of 10, while nearby Cupertino, where Apple's headquarters sits, receives a 9. 26. San Jose used to have _a happy mix of factors-cheap housing, closeness to a rapidly developing industry, tightly-knit immigrant communities-that together opened up the possibility of prosperity for even its poorest residents. But in recent years, housing prices have skyrocketed, the region's rich and poor have segregated, and middle-class jobs have disappeared. Given this, the future for the region's poor doesn't look nearly as bright as it once did.I)Leaders in San Jose are determined to make sure that the city regains its status as a place where evenpoor kids can access the resources to succeed. With Silicon Valley in its backyard, it certainly has the chance to do so. "I think there is a broad consciousness in the Valley that we can do better than to leave thousands of our neighbors behind through a period of extraordinary success," San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo said.J)But in today's America-a land of rising inequality, increasing segregation, and stagnating (�JI*�) middle-class wages-can the San Jose region really once again become a place of opportunity?。

2020年12月英语四级第一套真题及答案2020年12月英语四级第一套真题及答案一、四级听力部分：1 . D)A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters2. B)lt could pose a threat to other marine species3. C)About half of its city center will be closed to cars4. D)The rising air pollution in Paris5. A)His house was burnt down in a fire6. C)Sell the pearl he had kept for years7. B) His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.8. A)lt boasts a fairly long history.9. D)lt is a family business.1 0. B) Loss the competitive edge1 1 . D)Conducting a financial analysis for it.1 2. B)She is really impressed by the mans house1 3. C)From home design magazines1 4. A)The cost was affordable1 5. D)She wants him to share his renovation experience with her1 6. C)Removing objects from patients noses and ears.1 7. B)Five*to nineyearolds are the most likely to put things in their ears1 8. D)They are curious about these body parts1 9. A)lt gave her a used bicycle.20. AjExpanding bikeriding lessons21 . D)lt is a charity organization.22. A)How animals deal with lack of gravity.23. C)They were not used to the lowgravity environment.24. B)They already felt at home in the new environment.25. C)They behaved as if they were on Earth.二、四级选词填空部分：The things people make, and the way they make them...26. K. matters27. G. flexible28. M. promised29. C. enormously30.O. spared31 .F. feature32. H. inevitably33. A. automation34. D. fantastic35. N. shape三、四级信息匹配部分：Poverty is a story about us,not them36. [E] That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson,"was meant to shame"37. [H] But the fact that 4 in 1 0 Americans cant come up with$400 in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason： economic instability strerches across race,gen? der,and geography.38. [M]According to the General Social Survey, 71 percent of respondents believe the country is spending too Little on "assistance to the poor."39. [J] The Frame Works Institute^ research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studied what sustains stereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom40. [D] If these are the central characters of our story about poverty,what layers of perceptions,myths,and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?41 .[F] How many of us are poor in the U.S.?42. [N] "Poverty has been interchangeable with people of colorspecifically black women and” black mothers, "says Atkinson of Mothering Justice.43. [I] Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it.44. [E] That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson,"was meant to shame"45. [L] Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying lowwage work or structural discrimination based on race,gender,or ability 四、四级仔细阅读部分：P146. C They did not become popular until the emergence of improved batteries.47. B The falling prices of ebike batteries,48. D It will make a difference in people* s daily lives49. A Retailersrefusal to deal in ebikes.50 D The younger generation’ s pursuit of comfortable ridingP251 A To sway public opinion of the impact of human activities on Earth52 C it covers more phenomena53 D Deliberate choice of words54 B For greater precision55 C Human activities have serious effects on Earth五、四级作文部分：WritingDirections： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Education. You should write at least 1 20 words but no more than 1 80 words.范文：Changes in the way of education As the internet is developing so rapidly, the way of education keeps changing and new forms of education emerge surprisingly. Especially during the pandemic of corona virus, online education has become one of the most important ways of education throughout the world.The changes in the way of education can be listed as follows.First of all, compared with traditional offline teaching activities, online education gives students the opportunity to study wherever they want, at home or in the park.Moreover, the cost of attending online courses is normally lower than that of offline ones. Besides, students can choose the perfect time when they are available to attend classes,instead of stubbornly fixing the time required without the possibility of doing any other important thing.From my perspective, the changes in the way of education mainly lie in the good respects. As one of the fortunate students who live in the age of internet and can get access to online courses, I can’ t help exclaiming: it is the best of times.六、四级翻译部分：生活在中国不同地区的人们饮食多种多样。

大学英语考试大学英语四级CET4模拟题2020年(100)(总分710, 做题时间125分钟)Part Ⅰ Writing1. Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an ad to recruit new members for the students' union of your university. The requirements of the potential member should be included. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.SSS_TEXT_QUSTIPar t Ⅱ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report yon have just beard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.•** men.•**.•**.**.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.•** parked passenger bus.•** armed men on motorcycles.•** central government.** Islamic rebels.B BC CD D. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just beard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL3.• A.$14 billion.• B.$40 billion.• C.$2.5 billion.• D.$25 billion.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.•** of knowledge of climate change.•** enough examples to follow.•** of agricultural experts.** financing mechanisms.A AB BC CD D. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.•** will rise.•** will be stable.•** will be lowered down.** will change from time to time.A AC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL6.•** boom up real-estate market.•** lower unemployment rate.•** finance car industry.** offer food to more people.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL7.•** with bank loan.•** buyers with bank loan.•** income workers.** with savings accounts.A AB BC CD DSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.•** and customer.•** friends.•** and wife.**.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.•** man does her a favor.•** man recommends her many good foods.•** man is very patient to her question.** man decides to treat her to a meal.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.•** were not many Chinese restaurants before.•** people emigrated out of his country.•** is famous for the different recipes.** prevents foreign languages from getting in.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.•** cannot understand why she always speaks nonsense.•** does not think the woman knows how to enjoy herself.•** believes the woman is capable of being promoted soon. ** hates to choose between Chinese cuisine and French cuisine.A AC CD D. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.•** steak & beer.•** chicken steak & Sprite.•** chicken & salad.** beef & rice.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL6.•**.•**.•**.**.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL7.•** its salad.•** its pies.•** its cheese.** its fries.A AB BC CSSS_SINGLE_SEL8.•** baker was hurt at work and can't prepare them.•** oven is broken and hasn't been repaired.•** are served only on Sundays.** pies have been sold out.A AB BC CD DSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.•** want to attract attention.•** is fashionable to wear such clothes.•** appear respectable in such clothes.** a motorcycle makes one dirty.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.•** is efficient.•** is exciting.•** is convenient.** is dangerous.B BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.•** he always wears protective clothing.•** he can see everything around him clearly.•** he is very careful.** he has a lot of defenders.A AB BC CD D. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL4.•** noises.•** own system of language.•** of different sounds.** group of sentences upon our own creations.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.•** does good to communication between people.•** encourages people to speak out their thoughts.•** enlarges the vocabulary of a particular language.** **munication among individuals.A AB BC CSSS_SINGLE_SEL6.•**.•** of voice.•** structures.**.A AB BC CD D. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL7.•** Smart.•**. Dodd.•** Lyndon Johnson.** Nixon.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL8.•** 1910.•** 1906.•** 1966.** 1972.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL9.•** Sunday in June.•** Sunday in June.•** Sunday in June.** by each President.A AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL10.•** honor only your father.•** honor all fathers around you.•** honor father-like figures.** honor Mrs. Dodd's father.A AB BC CD DPart Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. .Poor people have I.Q.'s significantly lower than those of rich people, and the awkward conventional wisdom has been that this is in large part a 1 of genetics. After all, a series of studies seemed to indicate that I.Q. is largely inherited. Identical twins raised apart, for example, have I.Q.'s that areremarkably 2 .If intelligence were deeply connected with our genes, that would lead to the depressing conclusion that neither schooling nor antipoverty programs can 3 much. Yet while this view ofI.Q. has been widely held, new evidence shows that itis 4 wrong. Richard Nisbett, a professor of psychology atthe University of Michigan, has just proved it completely wrong in a new book, Intelligence and How to Get It.Professor Nisbett strongly advocates intensive early childhood education because of its proven ability to 5 I.Q. The Milwaukee Project, for example, took African-American children considered at risk for mental retardation (迟钝) and assignedthem 6 either to a control group that received no help or to a group that enjoyed intensive day care and education from 6 months of age until first grade. By age 5, the children in the program 7 an I.Q. of 110, compared with 83 for children in the control group. Another proven 8 is to tell junior-high-school students that I.Q. is expandable, and that their intelligence is something they can help shape. Students exposed to that idea work 9 and get better grades.The implication of this new research on intelligence is that if we were to 10 early childhood education and support schooling, we might be able to raise America's collective I.Q. significantly.A. previouslyB. interventionC. harderD. similarE. raiseF. factorG. averagedH. interfereI. randomlyJ. profoundlyK. pushL. analyzedM. functionN. diligentO accomplishSSS_FILL1.SSS_FILL2.SSS_FILL3.SSS_FILL4.SSS_FILL5.SSS_FILL6.SSS_FILL7.SSS_FILL8.SSS_FILL9.SSS_FILL10.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2..It Ain't Easy Being GreenGreen stories of hotelsA. Over the summer, I stayed at four hotels in the United States. They were all owned by **panies, but they had one thing incommon: A little card on the bathroom counter telling me that the establishment was very concerned about the environment, and appealing to me to do my part to help them save the earth by hanging up my wet towels and using them again the next day. Two of the hotels also placed a card next to the bed informing me that housekeeping would not change the sheets unless I left the card on the pillow.B. It is true that keeping all those towels clean requires an enormous amount of electricity and water and soap, and that cutting down on the number of loads of laundry would be more eco-friendly than my insisting on a new towel each day. But am I a heartless cynic for doubting that a collective environmental anxiety has seized the hotel industry?C. Here is an alternative explanation: All that water, soap, and electricity costs a lot of money and eats into the hotel's profits. A little card on the counter telling customers that they won't get new towels because the hotel doesn't want to pay for laundry wouldn't go over very well. But by couching it as a green campaign, the hotels actually get credit for providing less service to their customers, while pocketing the difference.D. Industry groups that advise hotels on becoming more environmentally friendly tend to stress the money they'll save just as much as the benefits to the planet. "Why should hotels be green?" asks the Green Hotels Association's Web site. "Haven't you heard? Being green goes directly to your bottom line." The site explainsthat by getting guests to recycle towels and sheets, hotels can save 5 percent on utility bills. "Some days, housekeeping workers, who usually clean 15 rooms a day, don't change a single bed," said one satisfied hotel owner, who estimates that "70 percent of people staying more than one night participate in the program." Another member reports that far fewer guests ask for new towels.E. So let's review: We give up a nice luxury to save the hotel money; the hotel congratulates itself on being green for peer pressuring us into giving up the luxury under the excuse of environmental consciousness; the hotel keeps the money. Nice work.F. Am I making too much of this? After all, even if profit is the motive, the net result is a reduction in the hotel's "carbon footprint". But here's what gets me: the hotels I stayed in this summer didn't seem all that interested in being green when it came to other things. The lobby of the big resort was air conditioned to meat locker temperatures. All day long, that frosty air rushed out the vast double doors, which were left open in the July heat. The resort also had a fleet of big, gas guzzling (耗油) vans idling at the curb to transport guests around the grounds.Green stories of companiesG. Hotels are not the only offenders in this kind of green fakery. **panies have embraced conservation for real. They build headquarters with solar panels and rainwater collection systems; they think of the environmental impact of every aspect of their businesses and actually change the way they do things to reduce waste. But this is labor intensive, often expensive, and **mitment. Faced with that, many corporations take a different approach: They don't do much of anything to change the way they do business, but make a big show of their contribution to Mother Earth.H. It's usually easy to spot **panies: They make their customers do the work, and then take the credit. In the name of saving the planet, my cable TV operator keeps asking for permission to stop sending paper statements in the mail each month. Instead, I'm supposed to check my statement online. The real reason, of course, is that doing so would save them paper, printing and postage. This is a perfectly reasonable reason for them to want me to switch. But when they pretend that it's all about the environment, it just makes me hate my **pany even more than I already do.Green stories of ad campaignsI. Sometimes a good ad campaign does a better job of enhancinga company's green reputation than going through the expense and difficulty of adopting actual environmentally sound practices. Billboards in Washington appeal to me to join the cause. "I will unplug stuff more," reads one. Another says, "I will at least consider buying a hybrid (合成物)." These ads are the work of Chevron, the giant **pany, whose "Will You Join Us?" ads try to convince people that saving the planet is at the top of their list. You might think that if Chevron was really worried about problemslike global warming, they would spend some of those dollars lobbying Congress to adopt stricter gas mileage (英里数) requirements for automobiles. They do not do this. Instead, I'm apparently supposed to praise them as environmental heroes because they tell me to unplug my toaster and think about getting a Toyota Prius.J. Yet ad campaigns like these work. Chevron lands at No. 371 out of 500 companies on Newsweek's green rankings. But it claims the No. 62 spot when it comes to green reputation thanks in part to those pretty, polished ads, Green marketing has also helped Wal-Mart appear kinder and gentler in recent years. To be fair, the retailing giant has done more than redesign its logo. **pany, which ranks 59th on Newsweek's list, has embraced a series of in-house green initiatives and is demanding its suppliers do the same. The result: Wal-Mart scores first place in our reputation survey.K. Given the power of positive marketing, it's easy to see why those little towel cards are so popular—enough so that there are nowa lot of companies that market them to hotels, along with all manner of products intended to make customers feel good about themselves while helping the hotels feel good about their bank balances.L. I suppose it is time that I step up and do my part. On behalf of the planet I will dutifully sleep on day-old sheets. But please, for the love of all that is good and right, keep the **ing.SSS_FILL1. Industry groups tend to emphasize the money hotels can save along with the benefits to the environment when they persuade hotels into being eco-friendly.SSS_FILLSSS_FILL3. Cutting down the number of loads of laundry can save a large amount of electricity and water for the hotels.SSS_FILLSSS_FILLSSS_FILL6. In America, it is common for hotels to appeal to customers to recycle towels.SSS_FILL7. It is estimated that seventy percent of the hotel guests are willing to participate in the green program launched by the hotels.SSS_FILL8. As for enhancing a company's green reputation, it is more effective to set up an ad campaign with eco-friendly slogans than to take up actual green programs.SSS_FILL9. The hotels' purpose of not changing the towel is to get credit for providing less service to their customers.SSS_FILL10. Hotels shows indifference to be green in some aspects like air conditioning in the hotel lobby.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One. U.S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan appealed Friday for a new generation of extraordinary teachers, calling education the civil rights cause of our time. Duncan told about 100 prospective (未来的) teachers at the University of Virginia that veterans, retirees and professionals seeking a second career must pay attention to the call to teach. He said the need is especially acute for black men in the nation's classrooms.The Virginia address is the first of several Duncan will makein October to press for bright candidates to enter teaching. He'll host a virtual town meeting with teachers from around the nation on Oct. 20, then deliver a major address on teacher preparation two days later in New York City.Duncan stressed the importance of teaching as the U.S. competes with an increasingly educated global work force, saying strong education is needed to reduce dropout rates among African-American, Latino and low-income students. "I believe that education is thecivil rights issue of our generation," Duncan said. "If you care about promoting opportunity and reducing inequality and social injustice, the classroom is the place to start."Duncan noted that the next four years alone could see one-third of the nation's teachers and administrators leave. The departure of veteran educators will create huge demand for new teachers—200,000 annually in good economic times, he said.Duncan stressed that the demand for teachers is greatest among "high-poverty, high-needs" and rural schools, as well as in subjects such as math and science. "It is especially troubling," he added, "that less than 2 percent of our nation's teachers are African-American males."Duncan said the way to bring more young black men into the teaching profession is to make sure that they continue their studies and don't drop out at the high rates they do now. "Our African male dropout rate is too high. If you're dropping out of high school you can't be a teacher," he said.Duncan said the nation cannot rely alone on schools of education to produce the next generation of teachers. He called for expanding alternatives such as Teach for America, which recruits recent college graduates to teach in schools in **munities for at least two years.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1. Duncan made the Virginia address so as to highlight ______.•** nation's need for excellent teachers•** nation's need for black people in classrooms•** need of those who seek a second career** need of those who are prepared to be teachersA AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL2. The dropout rates among African-American and Latino students must be reduced so that ______.•** country can get rid of poverty•** country can be **petitive** bias can be eliminated in the country** injustice can be avoidedA AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL3. New teachers will be in great need in the next four years most probably because ______.•** economy is expected to flourish•** number of students is increasing•** senior teachers will retire** will be highly valuedA AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL4. According to the passage, only few African-American males______.•** teachers•** teachers•** determined to be teachers** qualified to be teachersA AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL5. In order to meet the demand for teachers, Duncan suggests that ______.•** college graduates can be teacher candidates•** teachers should be in longer service•** of education should enroll more students** schools of education should be establishedA AB BC CD DPassage Two. Most of us are neither pilots nor astronauts. We are not trained to steer large hulks of steel and gasoline while manipulating**puters. So there's something blindingly obvious about the risks of texting while driving. Yet research is beginning to show that driving while simply talking on a cell phone—including using hands-free technology—can prove dangerous, even deadly.In late July, the Center for Auto Safety released hundreds of pages of a study that identified the cell phone as a serious safety hazard when used on the road. And though it's impossible to accurately calculate how many car accidents nationwide are cell phone related, David Strayer, a psychology professor at the University of Utah, estimates that only 2% of people are able to safely multitask while driving.Strayer, who for more than a decade has been studying the effects driving and cell-phone use have on the brain, says those 2% are probably the same people who would be really good fighter pilots. Rarities. Some of Strayer's other findings show that most drivers tend to stare straight ahead while using a cell phone and are less influenced by peripheral vision (周边视觉). In other words, "cell phones," he says, "make you blind to your own bad driving."And even though **mon assumption is that hands-free technology has reduced the more dangerous side effects of cell-phone use, a series of tests conducted by Strayer seems to indicate the opposite.A passenger acted as another set of eyes for the driver in the test and even stopped or started talking depending on the difficulty of conditions outside the car. Meanwhile, haft the drivers talking on a hands-free phone failed, bypassing (绕过) the rest area the test had called for them to stop at.Part of the problem may be that when people direct their attention to sound, the visual capacity of their brain decreases, says Steven Yantis, a professor of psychological and brain sciences at Johns Hopkins University. It can be as if a driver is seeing the image in her head of the person she is talking to, thereby decreasing her ability to see what's actually in front of her.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1. The passage is intended for emphasizing the safety issue on______.•** on computers•** in space•** a cell phone** a carA AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL2. According to David Strayer, a good fighter pilot must be good at ______.•** fast cars safely•** many tasks at the same time•** huge machines** risks of the surroundingsA AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL3. As it is mentioned in the passage, the drivers talking on the cell phone tend to ______.•** blind to the things straight ahead•** aware of their bad driving habits•** the items on both sides** influenced by peripheral visionA AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL4. In Strayer's tests, the drivers were required to ______.•** at a certain rest area•** a certain rest area•** aware of the dangerous side effects of cell-phone use** talking to the passenger under difficult conditionsA AB BC CD DSSS_SINGLE_SEL5. Steven Yantis is most likely to agree that ______.•** can weaken people's eye sight•** can distract people from vision•** is necessary for the formation of visual image** is incompatible with visual ability of the brainA AB BC CD DPart Ⅳ TranslationDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.1. 与全国大多数其他城市的人相比，广州人的平均收入很高，小康之家越来越多。

霆A)。

短文开头提到，在心理学家最近进行的一项关千智能手机破坏性影响的研究中，两组大学生被要求做字谜游戏。

因此答案为A)。

23.关千第二组的许多受试学生在电话铃响后的表现，我们了解到什么？A)铃声结束后他们才能继续（字谜游戏）。

C)他们立刻拿起手机，回拨电话。

B)他们无法继续专注地完成任务。

D)他们要求实验人员挂断电话。

也登Ni)B)。

短文中提到，在第二组学生解字谜的过程中，实验人员拨打了一位学生的手机，让它响了一会才挂断。

之后，第二组的许多学生无法集中注意力，他们变得焦虑，表现得比第一组更差。

因此答案为B)。

24.根据短文内容，使用智能手机最大的影响是什么？A)悄感间题增多。

C)睡眠减少。

B)体育运动减少。

D)学习成绩退步。

＠西枙C)。

短文提到，智能手机会带来各种负面影响，如人际交往和学业问题，但最大的影响是睡眠时长的缩短，这会导致健康状况不佳和肥胖问题。

因此答案为C)。

25.讲话者建议人们做什么？A)保护年轻一代的视力。

C)认识到科技的破坏作用。

B)采取有效措施提高生产力。

D)确保每天有充足的睡眠。

百解C)。

短文最后提到，科技是个伟大的工具，但认识到它的负面作用是很重要的，睡眠的减少、生产力的降低、肥胖等问题仅仅是冰山一角。

如果我们不注意这些小问题，对后代的影响将会更大。

由此可知，讲话者建议人们要认识到技术的破坏性影响。

因此答案为C )。

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2020年9月英语四级真题+答案公布注：2020年9月份大学英语四级考试作文和翻译有三套题，阅读有两套题，听力有一套题。

一、四级写作部分作文（第一套）PART I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on online dictionaries. You can start your essay with the sentence “Online dictionaries are becoming increasingly popular”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.范文：Online dictionaries are becoming increasingly popular. We can see lots of students consulting different online dictionaries in their computers or other portable digital devices instead of taking out a very cumbersome book and looking up a certain word in millions of vocabularies. What a fantastic age it is!The reasons why we enjoy online dictionaries lie in the following three respects. To begin with, looking up a word in an online dictionary cansave us plenty of time. Furthermore, consulting online dictionaries is so convenient for us that we can effortlessly and rapidly find the exact vocabulary we need through just several taps at the keyboard. Besides, online dictionaries can normally be updated timely.ll in all, online dictionaries are one of the greatest inventions in the modern world. We can not only enhance our efficiency of acquiring knowledge of words but also promote the widespread use of a language. 作文（第二套）PART I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the use of PowerPoint (PPT) in class. You can start your essay with the sentence “The use of PowerPoint is becoming increasingly popular in class”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.范文：The use of PowerPoint is becoming increasingly popular in class. We can see many teachers presenting to their students necessary teaching materials with the help of PowerPoint, which has become the most common subsidiary teaching method throughout the globe.The reasons why teachers enjoy using PowerPoint while teaching instead of writing on those traditional and old-fashioned blackboards lie in the following three respects. To begin with, using PowerPoint to present knowledge can save both teachers and students plenty of time in class. Furthermore, teaching through PowerPoint is so convenient for lecturers that they can effortlessly and rapidly show the knowledge that needs learning through just several taps at the remote-controller. Besides, PowerPoint generally has more storage of information because, theoretically, there is almost no limit of digital space for this slide show presentation program on computers.All in all, PowerPoint is one of the greatest inventions in such a digital world. With it, teachers can not only enhance their efficiency of imparting knowledge in class but also promote the enjoyment of modern classes through presenting more vivid materials.作文（第三套）Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on online libraries. You can start your essay with the sentence “Online libraries are becoming increasingly popular”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.范文：Online libraries are becoming increasingly popular. We can see many passengers reading online books in tubes merely with a cellphone and lots of students scrolling down their computers’ screens to search for information necessary for their essays. What a fantastic age it is!The reasons why we enjoy online libraries for reading instead of traditional offline libraries lie in the following three respects. To begin with, reading online can save us plenty of time. Furthermore, reading through online libraries is so convenient for us that we can effortlessly and rapidly find the books we need through just several taps at the keyboard. Besides, online libraries generally have more collection of books because there is no limit of space on the Internet.All in all, online libraries are one of the greatest inventions in the modern world. We can not only enhance our efficiency of acquiring knowledge and information but also promote the spreading of fresh ideas and innovative thoughts without being burdened by the limit of time and space.二、四级听力部分◆【News report one】A NASA satellite orbiting over Portugal took photographs that reveal the effects of pollution from ships. One of the photos shows a thin film of clouds above the brilliant blue of the north Atlantic, cut by white lines ofthicker clouds that look like scars. (1) NASA officials explained those thicker clouds are signs of ship traffic below when ships power their way through the ocean, they pump exhaust into the atmosphere. Just as cars do.And those massive amounts of particles can cause clouds to form, get enough of those particles in one place as from the exhaust of a ship. And they can lead to the creation of new clouds easily visible from space. These clouds can be huge. Some of them stretch hundreds of kilometers from end to end. (2) NASA officials said it's likely that these sorts of clouds are having some effect on the global climate, according to NASA officials.But scientists aren't yet sure what effect it has. questions one and two are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 1 What has caused the thick clouds in the photos taken by a NASA satellite?Question 2 What do NASA officials think about the thick clouds?◆【解析】第一题出题句较长，一般会出现部分词的同义替换，大部分关键词会原词重现，用视听一致方法即可选出正确答案第二题抓住信号词“...said”和“according to”定位出题句，该句中“global climate”是专有名词，一般不会替换，用视听一致方法即可选出正确答案◆【News report two】Staff at a suburban supermarket in Melbourne say they feel unsafe at work after security guards were removed. This came after a series of physical attacks and verbal abuse by customers. (3) More than 50 workers at the store have signed a letter calling for a permanent security guard following a series of incidents, including a customer threatening to attack a supervisor with a knife. A security worker had guard at the storm each night from seven pm until 12 am.But that had stopped suddenly on Monday, employees said. One worker said an angry customer had thrown a chicken at his head after complaining about how long she had waited to be served. Another worker said the lack of protection at the storm made her feel uncomfortable at work. (4) However, the spokesman of the supermarket said the store had taken strong action in response to incidents. We have found very few instances of bad customer behavior at our store in the past year. In the rare cases, we have seen bad behavior. We have taken strong action in response, including banning a customer from the store.Question 3 For what purpose did this staff at a supermarket in Melbourne sign a letter?Question 4 What did the spokesman of the supermarkets say regarding the employees demand?◆【解析】第一题考察形容词+名词词组，这类选项注意形容词的同义替换，名词一般不替换。

2020年12月份英语四级考试试题含答案听力原文：1. C) Herclaim has been completely disregarded.2. A)The ground floor of their cottage was flooded.3. D) Thewoman’s failure to pay her house insurance in time.4. A) Filea lawsuit against the insurance company.5. B) Theydisagree about the future of AI technology.6. C) Lesstime-consuming and focusing on creation.7. B) Digitallife could be replace human civilization.8. D) Itwill be smarter than human beings.9. B) Saveone fifth of their net monthly income.10. A)Start by doing something small.11. C) Aproper mindset.12. B) Shefound her outfit inappropriate.13. A) Tosave the trouble of choosing a unique outfit every day.14. C) Itmatters a lot in jobs involving interaction with others.15 D) Dowhatever is possible to look smart.16. A) Theirobsession with consumption.17. B) Thingsthat cost less money.18. A) They serve multiple purposes.19. C) Over 10% of the respondents lied about the distancethey drove.20. C) Theywanted to protect their reputation.21.B) They seem intuitive.22. D)Older people's aversion to new music.23 A)They no longer listen to new music.24.D) The more you experience sth, the better you'll appreciate it.25.D) Teenagers are much more sentimental.Conversation11. C) Herclaim has been completely disregarded.听力原文：I'm getting a little fed up with my calls about my claim beingcompletely disregarded.考点：视听一致2. A) Theground floor of their cottage was flooded.听力原文：The entire ground floor of our cottage was submerged in water.考点：视听一致3. D) Thewoman’s failure to pay her house insurance in time.听力原文：the bizarre technical detail that you mentioned refers to the fact thatyou hadn't paid house insurance the month before the incident考点：视听一致+同义替换4. A) Filea lawsuit against the insurance company.听力原文：and that your company has a lawsuit on its hand. You will be hearing frommy lawyer 考点：视听一致M: Goodmorning, safe house insurance. My name is Paul. How can I help you today?W: Morning? I wouldn't say that it's a good from where I am standing.This is Ms. Wilson, and this is the third time I've called this week sincereceiving your letter about our insurance claim. (1) I'm getting a littlefed up with my calls about my claim being completely disregarded.M: Ms. Wilson, thank you for calling back. Can I take some details tohelp me look at your claim? W: It's Ms. May Wilson of 15 South sea road in Cornwall. And the detailsare that our village was extensively flooded two months ago. (2) The entireground floor of our cottage was submerged in water. And five of us havebeen living in a caravan ever since. Youpeople are still with holding the money we are entitled to over a bizarretechnical detail and it's not acceptable, Paul.M: Ms. Wilson, according to the notes on your account, (2) the bizarretechnical detail that you mentioned refers to the fact that you hadn't paidhouse insurance the month before the incident. W: That money left our account. And now that you should be paying out,you are suddenly saying that you didn't receive it on time. I'm reallyskeptical about this claim.M: Thecontract does say that any missed payment in a year will affect the terms andconditions of the insurance contract and may affect claims. Of course, I canpause you onto my manager to talk to you more about this.W: I've already spoken to him and you can tell him I'm furious now,andthat your company has a lawsuit on it hand. You will be hearing from my lawyer.Goodbye.1. What is the womancomplaining about?2. What is theproblem the woman's family encountered?3. What has caused theso-called bizarre technical detail according to the man?4. What's woman say she willdo at the end of the conversation?Conversation25. B) Theydisagree about the future of AI technology.听力原文：W: How doyou feel about the future of the artificial intelligence.Personally, I feelquite optimistic about it.M: AI, I'm not so optimistic actually.考点：同义替换6. C) Lesstime-consuming and focusing on creation.听力原文：which would require less of our time and allow us to be centered oncreative tasks考点：视听一致+同义替换7. B) Digitallife could be replace human civilization.听力原文：There's a risk that human civilization could be replaced by a superiortype of digital life 考点：视听一致8. D) Itwill be smarter than human beings.Once it'sfully developed, AI will become tired of trying to communicate with humans aswe would be much slower thinkers in comparison考点：同义替换W: How doyou feel about the future of the artificial intelligence. (5)Personally, Ifeel quite optimistic about it.M: AI, I'm not so optimistic actually. In fact, it's something weshould be concerned about.W: Well, it will help us humans understand ourselves better. And when wehave a better understanding of ourselves, we can improve world.M: Well,one thing is for sure, technology is evolving faster than our ability tounderstand it. And in the future AI will make jobs kind of pointless.W: I think artificial intelligence will actually help create new kinds ofjobs, (6) which would require less of our time and allow us to be centeredon creative tasks.M: I doubt that very much. Probably the last job that will remain will bewriting AI software. And then eventually AI will just write its own software.W: At that time we are going to have a lot of jobs, which nobody willwant to do. So we will need artificial intelligence for the robots to take careof the old guys like us.M: I don't know. (7) There's a risk that human civilization could be replacedby a superior type of digital life. AI will be able to completely simulatea person in every way possible. In fact, some people think we're in asimulation right now.W: That's impossible. Humans can't even make a mosquito. Computers only have chips. People have brains.And that's where the wisdom comes from.M: (8) Once it's fully developed, AI will become tired of trying tocommunicate with humans as we would be much slower thinkers in comparison.W: Well, I'm not so sure. A computer is a computer and a computer is justa toy.M: Computers can easily communicate incredibly fast. So the computer willjust get impatient talking to humans. It'll be barely getting any informationout.W: Well, I believe there's a benevolent future with AI. I also think youwatch too many science-fiction films.Q5: What did we learn about the speakers from the conversation?Q6: Whatwill new kinds of jobs be like according to the woman?Q7: What is the risk the mananticipates?Q8: What is the man's concernabout AI technology?PASSAGE 1To achieve financial security, how much yousave is always more important than the amount you earn or how shrewdly youinvest. If you're under 30 years old, (9) your goal should be to save 20% ofyour monthly income after tax deductions. This is irrespective of how muchyou earnapproximately 50% should be reserved for essentials like food andaccommodation.The remaining 30% is for recreation andentertainment, but for many young people, it will be difficult to designatesuch a large proportion of the income for savings. If you find it hard to saveany money at all, (10) start by cutting all unnecessary spending, allocatethe tiny amount of one or 2% for savings and gradually increase that amount.Always keep that 20% goal in mind, preventyourself from becoming complacent. It can be challenging to stick to such astrict plan, but if you adopt the right mindset, you should be able tomake it work for you. So what should you be doing with the money that you aresaving? Some must be (11) kept easily accessible in case you need some cashin an emergency.The lodge has proportion should be investedin retirement plans. Either through your employer or privately, and you can keepsome money for high risk, but potentially lucrative investments. Dividends canbe reinvested or use to purchase something you like. Byfollowing this plan, you should hopefully be able to enjoy your life nowand still be financially secure in the future.Q9: What are people under 30 advise to do, toachieve financial security?Q10: What should people do if they find itdifficult to follow the speaker's advice on their financial plan?Q11: What does the speaker think is importantfor achieving financial security?PASSAGE 2I work in advertising and I like to keep upwith current trends mainly because I'm aware that we live in an image obsessedworld. However, when I first started my job, occasionally I'd catch a glimpseof obniol in the lifts and find youdao myself thinking (12) that I looked atotal mess. Was I being held back by my choice of clothing?Theshort answer is yes, especially when clients are quick to judge you on yourstyle rather than your work. (13) But no one can be unique with their outfitevery day. I mean, that's why uniforms were invented. So here's what I did.I created my own uniform. To do this, I chose an appropriate outfit. Then Ibought multiple items of the same style in different shades.NowI never worry about what I'm wearing in the morning, even if I do get a bittired of just wearing the same classic pieces. Overall, when it comes to work,you have to ask yourself: (14) Will looking smarter enhance my ability to domy job? For some, this question may not be an issue at all. Especially ifyou work remotely and rarely see your colleagues or clients face to face, butif your job involves interacting with other people, the answer to thisis often yes.Sorather than fighting the system, I think we should just (15) do whateverhelps us to achieve our goals at work. If that means playing it safe withyour image, then let's face it. It's probably worth it.Q12: What do we learn about the speaker whenshe first started her job?Q13:Why were uniforms invented according to the speaker?Q14: Whatdoes the Loinbo say about looking smarter?Q15: Whatdoes the speaker advise people to do in an image obsessed world?LECTURE 116.A) Their obsession with consumption.听力原文：This phenomenon has resulted in significant credit carddebt, enormous environmental footprints. And perhaps notcoincidentally or happiness levels have failed to increase over the same halfcentury.考点：同义替换17. B) Thingsthat cost less money.听力原文：I propose the less staff and less space can not only helpyou economize, but also simplify your life. I immediately saved $200,000. Smallerspace leads to reduced utility bills and also asmaller carbon footprint.考点：同义替换18. A) They serve multiple purposes.听力原文：Finally, we need multi-functional spaces in housewares.考点：视听一致+同义替换Did you knowthat Americans were approximately three times the amount of space we had 50years ago. Therefore, you'd think would have sufficient room for all of ourpossessions on the country. The postal storage business is now a growingindustry. We've got triple the space, but we've become such enthusiasticconsumers that we require even more. (16) This phenomenon has resulted insignificant credit card debt, enormous environmental footprints. And perhapsnot coincidentally or happiness levels have failed to increase over the samehalf century. I'm here to suggest an alternative that having less mightactually be a preferable decision. Many of us have experienced at some stage,the pleasure of possessing less. (17) I propose the less staff and lessspace can not only help you economize, but also simplify your life. Irecently started an innovative project to discover some creative solutions thatoffered me everything I required, by purchasing an apartment that was 40 squaremeters instead of 60. (17) I immediately saved $200,000. Smaller space leadsto reduced utility bills and also a smaller carbon footprint, because it'sdesigned around an edited collection and possessions limited to my favoritestuff. I'm really excited to live there. How can we live more basically?Firstly, we must ruthlessly cut the unnecessary objects out of our lives. ToSTEM consumption, we should think before we buy and ask ourselves, will ittruly make me happier? Obviously, we should possess some great stuff, but wewant belongings that we're going to love for years.Secondly, we requirespace efficiency. We want appliances that are designed for use most of thetime, not for occasional use. Why own a six-burner stove when you rarely useeven three burners?(19) Finally, we need multi-functional spaces in housewares. I combined amovable wall with transforming furniture to get more out of my limited space,consider my coffee table. It increases in size to accommodate 10. My office istucked away, easily hidden. My bed simply pops out of the wall. For guests, Ican relocate the movable wall and utilize the foldable guest beds I installed.I'm not saying we should all live in tiny apartments, but consider the benefitsof an edited life.When you returnhome and walk through your front door, take a moment to ask yourselves. Could Ido with a little live editing? Would that give me more freedom and more time?16. What hasprevented American's happiness levels from increasing?17. What thingsshould we possess according to the speaker?18. What do welearn about the items in the speaker's home?LECTURE 2Now believe itor not, people sometimes lie in order to maintain a good, honest reputation,even if it hurts them to do so. At least this is what a team of scientists issuggesting with evidence to prove it. Picture this scenario. You often drivefor work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month.Most people at your company drive about 300 miles eachmonth. But this month you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think you'dclaim in your expense report? The scientists asked this exact question as partof the study, we're discussing today with surprising results. Q19 (19) Theyfound that 12% of respondents reported the distance.They drove as less than the actual figure, giving anaverage answer of 384 miles. (19) In other words, they lied about the numberof miles, even though they would forfeit money they were owed. Theresearchers believe this was to seem honest with the assumption being thatothers would be suspicious of a high expense claim, but why would peoplefabricate numbers to their own detriment?The researchers explained that (20) many people care agreat deal about their reputation and how they'll be judged by others. Ifthey care enough, they're concerned about appearing, honest and not losing therespect of others, maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest. Theresearchers assert that the findings suggest that when people obtain veryfavorable outcomes, they anticipate other people's suspicious reactions andprefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth loinbo and appearing asselfish liars.So why is this research important? Well, experts generallyagree there are two main types of lie, selfish lies, and lies that are meant tobenefit others. The first, as you may predict is for selfish gain such assubmitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company while the second involveslying to help others or not offend others.For example, telling a friend whose outfit you don't likethat they look great. But the researchersare suggesting a third type of line:line to maintain a good reputation. Now, this hypothesis is new and someskeptics argue that this isn't a whole new category of lie, (21) but thefindings seem intuitive to me. After all, one of the main motivations forlying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others. So it seemshighly likely that people will lie to seem honest.Q19: What did the team of scientists find in this study?Q20: Why would people fabricate numbers to their owndetriment according to the Loinbos？Q21: What does the speaker think of other researcher'sfindings?LECTURE 3Why do old people dislike new music? As I've grown older, Ioften hear people my age say things like they just don't make good music likethey used to. Why does this happen? Luckily, psychology can give us someinsights into this puzzle. Musical tastes begin to crystallize as early as age13 or 14.By the time we're in our early twenties, these tastes getlocked into place pretty firmly. In fact, studies have found that by the timewe turn 33, (23) most of us have stopped listening to new music.Meanwhile, popular songs released when you're in your early teens are likely toremain quite popular among your age group, the rest of your life. That could bea biological explanation for this.As there's evidence that the brain's ability to make subtledistinctions between different chords, rhythms, and melodies deteriorates withage. So to older people, newer, less familiar songs might all sound the same,but there may be some simpler reasons for older people's aversion to new music.One of the most researched laws of social psychology is something called (24) themere exposure effect, which in essence.It means that the more we're exposed to something, the morewe tend to like it, this happens with people. We know the advertisements wesee, and the songs we listen to when you're in your early teens, you probablyspend a fair amount of time listening to music or watching music videos, yourfavorite songs and artists become familiar, comforting parts of your routine.For many people over 30 job and family obligationsincreases. So there's less time to spend discovering new music instead manualsimply listened to old familiar favorites from that period of their lives whenthey had more free time. Of course, those teen years weren't necessarilycarefree. They're famously confusing, which is why so many TV shows and moviesrevolve around high school turmoil.Psychology research has shown that (25) the emotionsthat we experience as teens seem more intense than those that come later.And we also know that intense emotions are associated with stronger memoriesand preferences. Both of these might explain why the songs we listenedtoduring this period become so memorable and beloved.So there's nothing wrong with your parents because theydon't like your music. Rather. It's old part of the natural order of things.Q22: What does the speaker mainly discuss in this talk?Q23: What have studies found about most people by the timethey turn 33?Q24: What do we learn from one of the most researched lawsof social psychology?Q25: What might explain the fact that songs people listento in their teen years are memorable and beloved.作文Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Transportation.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.范文：Changes in the way of transportationAs the internet is developing so rapidly, the way of transportation keeps changing surprisingly. New applications on transportation emerge abundantly, contributing to the fact that people* s lifestyle has been changed as well.The changes in the way of transportation can be listed as follows. First of all, with the development of technology, the price of transportation is much cheaper than before. Moreover, compared with traditional ways of buying tickets, transportation applications and websites give passengers the opportunity to book tickets online without going outside to particular ticket offices. Besides, highspeed railways gradually replace the oldfashioned green trains, which can tremendously improve travelers’ comfort during the journey and shorten the time spent on the way.From my perspective, the changes in the way of transportation mainly lie in the good respects. As one of the fortunate passengers who live in the age of internet and can get access to online service of transportation, I can* t help exclaiming: it is the best of times.选词填空Section A（第2套）The things people make, and the way they make them, determine how cities grow and decline,and influence how empires rise and fall. So, any disruption to the world' s factories 26 . And that disruption is surely coming. Factories are being digitised, filled with new sensors and new computers to make them quicker, more 27 , and more efficient.Robots are breaking free from the cages that surround them, learning new sill,, and new ways of working. And 3D printers have long 28 a world where you can make anything, any-where, from a computerized design. That vision is 29 closer to reality. These forces will lead to cleaner factories, producing better goods at lower prices, personalized to our individual needs and desires. Humans will be 30 many of the dirty, repetitive, and dangerous jobs that have long been a 31 of factory life.Greater efficiency 32 means fewer people can do the same work. Yet factory bosses in manydeveloped countries are worried about a lack of skilled human workers -and see 33 and robots as a solution.But economist Helena Leurent says this period of rapid change in manufacturing is a 34 opportunity to make the world a better place. “Manufacturing is the one system where you have got the biggest source of innovation,the biggest source of economic growth, and the biggest source of great jobs in the past.”You can see it changing. That’s an opportunity to 35 that system differently and if we can,it will have enormous significance.”26. K) matters27. G) flexible28. M) promised29. L) moving30. O) spared31. F) feature32. H) inevitably33. A) automation34. D) fantastic35. N) shape信息匹配The History of the Lunch Box36. [F] City kids,on the other hand,went home for lunch and came back.37. [j] The company sold 600, 000 units the first year.38. [〇] The introduction of backpacks changed the lunch box scene a bit^he adds.39. [C] Lunch boxes have been connecting kids to cartoons and TV shows and super-heroes for decades.40. [H] And then everything changed in the year of 1950.41 .[L] The new trend was also a great example of planned obsolescence,that is,to design a product so that it will soon become unfashionable or impossible to use and will need replacing.42. [D] Let's start back at the beginning of the 20th century-the beginning of the lunch box story,really.43. [A] It was made of shiny,bright pink plastic with a Little Mermaid sticker on the front,andI carried it with me nearly every single day.44. [M] The metal lunch box craze Lasted until the mid-1980s,when plastic took over.45. [I] But these containers were really sting years on end.仔细阅读P146 A When they don* t have the chance to do what they want47 D Harmful conduct48 B Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure boredom49 C It may promote creative thinking.50 D Allow oneself some time to be bored.P251 .B Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.52. C Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.53. A The government’s advocacy54. C Their capability of improving air quality55. D Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite directions翻译春节前夕吃团圆饭是中国人的传统。

2020年12月大学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案2020年12月大学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案2020年12月大学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.French fries, washed down with a pint of soda, are a favorite part of fast-food lunches and dinners for millionsof American youngsters. But 47 a cue from health experts, a group of 19 restaurant companies are pledging to offer more-healthful menu options for children at a time when 48 is growing over the role of fast food in childhood obesity(肥胖症).Burger King, the nation’s second-largest fast food chain, for instance, will 49 automatically including French friesand soda in its kids’ meals starting th is month, althoughthey will still be 50. Instead, the company said Tuesday, its employees will ask parents whether they 51 such options as milk or sliced apples before assembling the meals.“We’re asking the customers to 52 what they want,” said Craig Prus her, the chain’s vice president of government rel ations. Other participating chains, with a 53 of menu options, including Denny’s, Chili’s, Friendly’s and Chevy’s.As part of the Kids Live Well campaign-expected to be announced 54 Wednesday—participating restaurants must promise to offer at least one chi ldren’s meal that has fewer than 600 calories(卡路里), no soft drinks and at least two 55 from the following food groups： fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins or low-fat dairy. Among otherrequirements, they must offer a side dish that meets similar 56, with fewer than 200 calories and less than 35%of its caloriesfrom sugar.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2020 年 6 月英语四级阅读真题及答案2020 年6 月英语四级阅读真题及答案Section ADirections： In this section, there is a passage with tenblanks. You are required to select oneword from a list of choices given in a word bank passage. Read the passage throughcarefully for each blank following the before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by aletter.Please Answer Sheet 2 not use anyof mark the corresponding letter for each item on with a single line through the centre. You may the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you doit best exercise for regular equipment, everyone knows risk of injury. Thehuman vigorously enough, is theoverall physical activity. It requires no how to do it and it carries the 47 body is designed to walk. Youcanwalk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physicalactivity. Its purpose is tobuild both of which shrink with age. In do strength training two orthree and 50 bone and muscle mass, general, you will want to days a week, 51 recoverydays between sessions.Finally, importantas flexibility and balance training are 52the body ages. Aches and pains are high on thelist of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscletension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑 ). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple： whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position.A) allowing F) helping K) preventB) avoidable G) increasingly L) principleC) briefly H) lowest M) provokeD) component I) maintain N) seriouslyE) determined J) maximum O) topic参考答案47. H. lowest48. J. maximum49. D. component50. I. maintain51. A. allowing52. G. increasingly53. B. avoidable54. K. prevent55. L. principle56. C. brieflySectionBDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at theRand Corporation： Why not policies and apply them to displayed? take a lesson from alcohol control where food is sold and how it’s“Many policy measures to control obesity(肥胖症)assumethat people consciously and rationally choose what and howmuch they eat and therefore focus on providing and more access to healthier foods,” note the researchers. information two“In contrast,” the researchers continue,“many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people’s behavi or with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions,and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them：Density restrictions： licensesto handed out unplanned to all comers but 配)basedonthenumberofplacesinan sell alcohol aren’t are allotted(分area that already sellalcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell foodrich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display prohibiting and sales restrictions： California has a rule alcohol displays near the cash registers in gasstations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets,food have their wares in places where they’re could remove junk food to the back ofthe companies pay to easily seen. One store and ban themfrom the shelvesat include restricting special pricedeals checkout lines. The other measures portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting for junk foods, and placing warninglabels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.参考答案57.C 58.C 59.D 60.D 61.CSection C Passage OneQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy(破产)protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s do wnfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths towhich itself. Decades ago, Kodak photography would overtake invented the firstdigital thecompanyanticipatedfilm —andwent to reinventthat digitalin fact, Kodakcamera in 1975 — but in a fatefuldecision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to thefuture, Rebecca Henderson, a professor at HarvardBusiness said School, tobut rather that confront it. By was too late. it failedtothe timetheexecute on a strategycompany realized its mistake, itKodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to doso, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is ato put existing assets into the new businesses.temptationAlthough Kodak anticipated the inevitablerise photography,itscorporate(企业的) culturewastoo the successes of the past for it to make the clean necessary to fully embrace the future. They werea of digitalrooted inbreakcompany stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades wasdramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90%of for photographic film and 85% of the market for the 1980s brought new competition fromJapanese the market cameras. But film companyFuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower pricesfor the was film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji,which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do markets? large companies have difficulty switching tonewA) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.参考答案62. B.63. A.64. D.65. A.66. C.。

大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题【阅读】Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

大学英语四级阅读选词填空模拟题及答案解析（20200513211329）第一篇Climate change has claimed its latest victim：Limacina helicina，a planktonic，predatory(捕食的)sea snail that’s a member of the taxonomic groupmore(36)__________ known as sea butterflies．(The name is(37)__________ from the wing-like lobes(叶瓣)the tiny creatures use to get around．)In a study(38)__________ published in joumal Proceedings of the Royal Society B，a group of scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)and Oregon StateUniversity have fo und that the Pacific Ocean’s dec reasing pH—its acidifying(酸化)，in other words-is dissolving L．helicina’s thin shells．The researchers collected sea butterfly(39)__________ from 13 sites along the Pacific coast(between Washington and southern California，going over each with a scanning electron microscope．More than half of the shells(53％)from onshore individuals(40)__________ signs of “severe dissolution damage，”while 24％of(41) __________ individuals suffered dissolution damage．The study’s(42)__________ investigator, Dr. Nina Bednarsek of NOAA，described the affected L．helicina shells as having a texture not unlike “cauliflower” or “sandpaper．”According to the paper，there was a “strong positive(43)__________ ”between the proportion of sea butterflies with severe shell dissolution damage and “the percentage of undersaturated(未达到饱和的)water ”near the ocean’ssurface．The researchers conclude “shell dissolution owing to(human．causedocean(44)_________has doubled in near shore habitats since pre．industrial conditions across this region and is on track to triple by 2050，”atruly(45)__________ prediction．Moreover, the broader implications for ecosystem are unclear, as damaged shells make it harder for L．helicina to fight infections，stay buoyant，and protect themselves from predators．A. showedB. recentlyC. protectedD. commonlyE. derivedF. samplesG. offshoreH. principal I. noticedJ. correlation K. encouraging? L. seawardM. acidification N. grimO. pollution词性归类答案解析第二篇The social network will let users“mute”messages from other users on their timelines without the muted person’s knowledge，thereby avoiding the(36)__________ process of having to unfollow(取消关注)，or put up with，your(37)__________talkativeIRL friends．Twitter rolled out new(38)__________to let users better manage thedeluge(泛滥)of tweets they receive．Users can now“mute”people they follow, removing those people’s tweets and retweets from their own timelines．The muted person w on’t know that he or she has been(39)__________．It’s a stealthy way to read less content from certain userswithout having to unfollow them．A person can easily be muted or(40)__________atany time，Twitter said in a blog post．“Mute gives you even more(41)__________over the content you see on Twitterby letting you remove a user’s content from key parts of your Twitter experience，”the company said．Though Twitter had been experimenting with the feature in recent weeks，it announced that muting will be(42)__________to all users of the company’s iOS and Android apps，as well as the Twitter．com website．Some other Twitter applications，like TweetDeck，already allowed muting．The feature is part of Twitter’s(43)__________strategy to make its servicemore accessible to a wider range of people．Following a successful initial publicofferin9，Twitter’s stock has tumbled in recent months as investors worry aboutthe social network’s(44)__________to attract new users．CEO Dick Costolo(45)__________that Twitter would make changes to its interface this yearto make it easier to understand and manage．The company overhauled(彻底检修)user profile pages in April as part of this effort．A. silencedB. awkwardC. unmvtedD. featureE. embarrassmentF. unfollowedG.. controlH. extremely I. overallJ. vowed K. generally L. ability M. accepted N. available O. characters词性归类答案解析第三篇The poll of 2,000 adults in England was(36)__________out as part of thegovernment’s drive to curb people’s drinking habits．The campaign also stresses that a heavy drinking session is often(37)__________by an unhealthy breakfast，which again helps to pile on the pounds．The Know Your Limits campaign has in the past focused on other(38)__________0f drinking，such as disease risk．But to(39)__________with the focus on weight，the Depa Ihiient of Health carriedout research showing a regular beer drinker, who downed(喝)five pints a week or250 over the(40)__________of a year, packed away the same number of calories assomeone eating 22 1 doughnuts over the space of 12 months．It also revealed the average wine drinker consumed 2,000calories eachmonth．over the course of a year, that is the(41)__________of eating all extra 38roast beef dinners．Health minister Phil Hope said，“Regularly drinking more thanour(42)__________daily limits can have a knock-on effect on our health，including an expanding waistline．“It’s not only the calories in the drinks themselves that can help to pileon the pounds，we’re also more(43)__________to eat fatty foods when we’ve had one too many．”Heather Caswell，of the British Nutrition Foundation，added，“Most people would baulk(犹豫)at consuming a full glass of single cream，but wouldn’tmind(44)__________about a couple of pints．”“But the calorie content is similar and，over time，excess alcohol intake is likely to lead to weight gain．”And a spokesman for the Drink aware Trust added：“It’s(45)__________we are in the know when it comes to what we are drinking．”A. consequencesB. carriedC. communicate．D. followedE. equivalentF. heldG. twiceH. likely I. coincideJ. necessityK. course?L. relatedM. imperative N. over?0. recommended词性归类答案解析第四篇Judges at last weekend’s Pizza World Championship held in Parma，Italy,(36)__________the world’s top marghefita pizza title to Australian chefJohnny Di Francesco，owner of the 400 Gradi restaurant in Brunswick，a Melbourne suburb．Di Francesco，36，beat more than 600 competitors from 35 countries to take ,home the Specialita Traditionale Garantita pizza prize in the(37)__________competition．The win and subsequent publicity has made the small restaurant he owns in hishometown all(38)__________sensation(知名人物)．“It’s been all amazing reaction，”Di Francesco tells CNN．“Honestly,I just went to Naples to do what I love．I didn’t think it was going to make sucha(39)__________．”“A lot of people think it is easy to(40)__________a margherita but it is oneof the hardest(pizzas)to make，”Di Francesco told Australian website Good Food．“With a lot of other pizzas it’s easy to mask the(41)__________with toppings(配料)so you don’t really get the flavor out of the dough．With a margherita there is no hiding anything that isn’t right．”Competition rules are(42)__________0n what ingredients cantop the dough(面团)on the margherita：only peeled tomatoes，certain types of mozzarella，garlic，olive oil，salt and fresh basil leaves are used．Di Francesco，who says he’s been making pizza(43)__________1 2 years old and studied pizza-making at the highly regarded Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana in Naples，Italy, calls himself a(44)__________when it comes to making pizza．“It’s an honor to be part of what(Verace Pizza Napoletanaldoes，strivingto(45)__________a traditional way of making pizza the way they’ve done it in Naples for hundreds of years．”A. produceB. flavorC. rewardedD. preserveE. traditionalistF. since?G. casualH. awarded I. overnightJ. annualK. messL. after?M. conservative N. strictO. stir词性归类答案解析第五篇“THINKING i s hard，”(36)__________Daniel Dennet，a professor of philosophy at TuftsUniversity．“Thinking about some probl ems is so hard thatit can make your headache just thinking about thinking about them．”He has spent a century ponderingsome of the knottiest problems around：the nature of meaning，the(37)__________of minds and whether freewill is possible．His latest book，Intuition Pumps(直觉泵)and Other Tools for Thinking，is a precis of those 50 years，distilled into 77(38)__________ and mostly bite-sized chapters．“Intuiuon pumps”are what Mr Dennet calls thought experiments that aim to get atthe rub of concepts．But the aim of this book is not(39)__________to show how thepumps work, but to(40)__________them to help readers think through some of the most profound conundrums．This pump which Mr Dennet calls a“cascade of homunculi(级联侏儒)”，was(41)__________by the field of artificial Intelligence, An programmer begins by taking a problem a computer is meant to solve and breaking it down into smaller tasks，to be dealt with by particular(42)__________．These，in turn，are(43)__________ of sub．subsystems，and so on．In this way,we are in depth of thinking profound problems．Of course，Mr Dennet’s book is not a(44)__________solution to such mind-benders；it is philosophy in action．Like all good philosophy,it works by getting the reader to examine deeply held but(45)__________ beliefs about some of our most fundamental concems，like personal autonomy．It is really not all easy read．A. consistB. actuallyC. natureD. concedesE. inspiredF. definableG. composedH. readable I. substance J. merelyK. unspoken L. applyM. suppose N. subsystem O. definitive 词性归类答案解析。