Chapter 28
Unemployment
TRUE/FALSE
1. Most people rely on income other than their labor earnings to maintain their standard of living.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Income | Standard of living MSC: Definitional
2. The amount of unemployment that a country typically experiences is a determinant of that country's standard
of living.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Unemployment | Standard of living MSC: Definitional
3. Some degree of unemployment is inevitable in a complex economy.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
4. The amount of unemployment varies little over time and across countries.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
5. When a country keeps its workers as fully employed as possible, it achieves a higher level of GDP than it
would if it left many of its workers standing idle.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Employment | GDP MSC: Definitional
6. An economy’s natural rate of unemployment refers to the amount of unemployment that the econ omy
normally experiences.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
7. Cyclical unemployment refers to the year-to-year fluctuations in unemployment around its natural rate. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Cyclical unemployment
MSC: Definitional
8. The natural rate of unemployment is closely associated with the short-run ups and downs of economic activity. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
9. The natural rate of unemployment is the desirable rate of unemployment for an economy.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
10. The natural rate of unemployment is constant over time.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
Chapter 28/Unemployment 1873 11. The natural rate of unemployment is impervious to economic policy.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
12. Government policy can do nothing about the natural rate of unemployment.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Interpretive
13. The natural rate of unemployment is a type of unemployment that does not go away on its own even in the
long run.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
14. Long-run unemployment arises from a single problem that has a single solution.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
15. There is no easy way for policymakers to reduce the economy’s natural rate of unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-0
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
16. Measuring unemployment is the job of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Definitional
17. Measuring unemployment is the job of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which is part of the U.S. Department of
Commerce.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Definitional
18. Every week, the Bureau of Labor Statistics produces data on unemployment.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Definitional
19. The Bureau of Labor Statistics produces data on unemployment, types of employment, length of the average
workweek, and the duration of unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Definitional
20. The Bureau of Labor Statistics produces data on unemployment and other aspects of the labor market from a
regular survey of about 600 households, called the Current Population Survey.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Definitional
21. The Bureau of Labor Statistics produces data on unemployment and other aspects of the labor market from a
regular survey of about 60,000 households, called the Current Population Survey.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Definitional
1874 Chapter 28/Unemployment
22. The Bureau of Labor Statistics produces data on unemployment and other aspects of the labor market from a
regular survey of about 60,000 households, called the Census.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Definitional
23. The Bureau of Labor Statistics places each adult (aged 16 and older) of each surveyed household into one of
three categories: employed, unemployed, and not in the labor force.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Definitional
24. The Bureau of Labor Statistics places each adult (aged 16 and older) of each surveyed household into one of
four categories: employed, underemployed, unemployed, and not in the labor force.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Definitional
25. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ “employed” category includes those who worked as paid employees, worked
in the ir own business, or worked as unpaid workers in a family member’s business.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Employment MSC: Definitional
26. Only paid workers are included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ “employed” category.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Employment MSC: Interpretive
27. Both full-time and part-time workers are included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ “employed” category. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Employment MSC: Definitional
28. Some adult s who were not working are included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ “employed” category. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Employment MSC: Interpretive
29. Adults who were not working but who had jobs from which they were temporarily absent are included in the
Bureau of Labor Statistics’ “employed” category.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Employment MSC: Definitional
30. Adults who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off are included in the Bureau
of Labor Statistics’ “employed” category.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Employment MSC: Interpretive
31. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ “unemployed” category includes those who were not employed, were
available for work, and had tried to find employment during the previous 4 weeks.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Unemployment MSC: Definitional
Chapter 28/Unemployment 1875 32. Every adult who was not employed during the previous 4 weeks is included i n the Bureau of Labor Statistics’
“unemployed” category.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Unemployment MSC: Interpretive
33. Someone who is without work but is not looking for work is included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’
“unemployed” category.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Unemployment MSC: Interpretive
34. Full-time students and homemakers are included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ “unemployed” category. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Unemployment MSC: Interpretive
35. Stay-at-home fathers are included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ “unemployed” category.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Unemployment MSC: Interpretive
36. Adults who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off are included in the Bureau
of Labor Statistics’ “unemployed” category.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Unemployment MSC: Definitional
37. Retirees are included in the Bureau of Lab or Statistics’ “not in the labor force” category.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Labor force MSC: Definitional
38. The adult population must equal the sum of the employed, the unemployed, and those not in the labor force. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Adult population MSC: Interpretive
39. The adult population must equal the sum of the employed and the unemployed.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Adult population MSC: Interpretive
40. The Bureau of Labor Statistics defines the labor force as the sum of the employed and the unemployed. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Labor force MSC: Definitional
41. The labor force minus the number of employed equals the number of unemployed.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Interpretive
42. The Bureau of Labor Statistics defines the unemployment rate as the percentage of the adult population that is
unemployed.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Unemployment rate MSC: Definitional
1876 Chapter 28/Unemployment
43. The Bureau of Labor Statistics defines the unemployment rate as the percentage of the labor force that is
unemployed.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Unemployment rate MSC: Definitional
44. The Bureau of Labor Statistics computes unemployment rates for the entire adult population and for more
narrowly defined groups.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Unemployment rate MSC: Definitional
45. The Bureau of Labor Statistics defines the labor-force participation rate as the percentage of the labor force
that is employed.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
46. The Bureau of Labor Statistics defines the labor-force participation rate as the percentage of the total adult
population that is in the labor force.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
47. The labor-force participation rate is the percentage of the adult population that is either employed or
unemployed.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Interpretive
48. The labor-force participation rate tells us the fraction of the population that is able to participate in the labor
market.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
49. The labor-force participation rate tells us the fraction of the population that has chosen to participate in the
labor market.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
50. The Bureau of Labor Statistics computes labor-force participation rates for the entire adult population and for
more narrowly defined groups.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
Table 28-5
2010 Labor Data for Wrexington
51. Refer to Table 28-5. The total adult population of Wrexington in 2010 is 30,000.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Adult population MSC: Applicative
Chapter 28/Unemployment 1877 52. Refer to Table 28-5. The total adult population of Wrexington in 2010 is 12,250.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Adult population MSC: Applicative
53. Refer to Table 28-5. The labor force of Wrexington in 2010 is 12,250.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor force MSC: Applicative
54. Refer to Table 28-5. The labor force of Wrexington in 2010 is 10,000.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor force MSC: Applicative
55. Refer to Table 28-5. The unemployment rate of Wrexington in 2010 is about 18.4 percent.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Applicative
56. Refer to Table 28-5. The unemployment rate of Wrexington in 2010 is about 7.5 percent.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Applicative
57. Refer to Table 28-5. The labor-force participation rate of Wrexington in 2010 is about 40.8 percent.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Applicative
58. Refer to Table 28-5. The labor-force participation rate of Wrexington in 2010 is about 33.3 percent.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Applicative
59. Within the U.S. population, women ages 20 and older have lower rates of labor-force participation than men. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
60. Within the U.S. population, women ages 20 and older have similar rates of labor-force participation as men. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
61. Within the U.S. population, men and women have similar rates of unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Definitional
62. Within the U.S. population, women have higher rates of unemployment than men.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Definitional
63. Within the U.S. population, blacks ages 20 and older have similar rates of labor-force participation as whites. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
1878 Chapter 28/Unemployment
64. Within the U.S. population, blacks ages 20 and older have lower rates of labor-force participation than whites. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
65. Within the U.S. population, blacks have higher rates of unemployment than whites.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Definitional
66. Within the U.S. population, blacks and whites have similar rates of unemployment.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Definitional
67. Within the U.S. population, teenagers have lower rates of labor-force participation than older workers.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
68. Within the U.S. population, teenagers have similar rates of labor-force participation as older workers.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
69. Within the U.S. population, teenagers have higher rates of unemployment than older workers.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Definitional
70. Within the U.S. population, teenagers have similar rates of unemployment as older workers.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Definitional
71. Data on the unemployment rate in the U.S. since 1960 show that the economy always has some unemployment
and that the amount changes from year to year.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Definitional
72. Data on the unemployment rate in the U.S. since 1960 show that the unemployment rate sometimes is zero. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Interpretive
73. The normal rate of unemployment around which the unemployment rate fluctuates is called the natural rate of
unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
74. The normal rate of unemployment around which the unemployment rate fluctuates is called cyclical
unemployment.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
Chapter 28/Unemployment 1879 75. The deviation of unemployment from its natural rate is called cyclical unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Cyclical unemployment
MSC: Definitional
76. Economists at the Congressional Budget Office estimated that for 2007, the U.S. natural rate of unemployment
was 4.8 percent.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
77. In 2007, the U.S. natural rate of unemployment was estimated to be 4.8 percent, which was close to the actual
rate of unemployment of 4.6 percent.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
78. Causes of the changing role of women in American society over the past several decades include new
technologies that have reduced the amount of time required to complete routine household tasks, improved birth control, and changing political and social attitudes.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Role of women MSC: Interpretive
79. Over the past several decades, the difference between the labor-force participation rates of men and women in
the U.S. has gradually decreased.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
80. Over the past several decades, the difference between the labor-force participation rates of men and women in
the U.S. has gradually increased.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
81. Over the past several decades in the United States, the labor-force participation rate of women has increased
and the labor-force participation rate of men had decreased.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
82. Over the past several decades in the United States, the labor-force participation rate of women has increased
and the labor-force participation rate of men had remained steady.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Definitional
83. Causes of th e decline in the U.S. men’s labor-force participation rate over the past several decades include
young men now staying in school longer than their fathers and grandfathers did, older men now retiring earlier and living longer, and more fathers now staying at home to raise their children.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Labor-force participation rate MSC: Interpretive
84. Even though the difference in labor-force participation rates of U.S. males and females has narrowed, the
labor-force participation rate of males remains higher than that of females.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
1880 Chapter 28/Unemployment
85. Measuring the amount of unemployment in the economy is a straightforward task.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
86. More than one-third of the unemployed are recent entrants into the labor force.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
87. More than three-fourths of the unemployed are recent entrants into the labor force.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
88. Not all unemployment ends with the job seeker finding a job.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
89. Almost half of all spells of unemployment end when the unemployed person leaves the labor force.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
90. Almost nine-tenths of all spells of unemployment end when the unemployed person leaves the labor force. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
91. Because people move into and out of the labor force so often, statistics on unemployment are difficult to
interpret.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
92. People who report being unemployed but who, in fact, are not trying hard to find a job are really not in the
labor force and therefore cause the reported unemployment rate to be higher than it would otherwise be. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Interpretive
93. Rupert is collecting unemployment insurance benefits. To continue to receive his benefits, he must be
looking for work. Because he’d like to continue collecting benefits rather than take a job, he applies at places that are unlikely to hire him. People like Rupert make the reported unemployment rate less than it would otherwise be.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Interpretive
94. People who report being unemployed but who, in fact, are working for “under the table” pay to avoid taxes on
their earnings are really employed and therefore cause the reported unemployment rate to be higher than it would otherwise be.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 28/Unemployment 1881 95. People who report being not in the labor force but who, in fact, want to work but have given up trying to find a
job after an unsuccessful search are really unemployed and therefore cause the reported unemployment rate to be lower than it would otherwise be.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Interpretive
96. Discouraged workers are people who want to work but have given up trying to find a job after an unsuccessful
search.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Discouraged workers
MSC: Definitional
97. It is best to view the official unemployment rate as a useful but imperfect measure of joblessness.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Definitional
98. The unemployment rate reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics clearly understates the true unemployment
rate.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Interpretive
99. The Bureau of Labor Statistics defines marginally attached workers as persons who currently are neither
working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Marginally attached workers MSC: Definitional
100. The Bureau of Labor Statistics defines discouraged workers as marginally attached workers who have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Discouraged workers MSC: Definitional
101. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ U-1 measure of joblessness is smaller than its U-6 measure of joblessness. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | U-1 | U-6 MSC: Interpretive
102. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ U-1 measure of joblessness is larger than its U-6 measure of joblessness. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | U-1 | U-6 MSC: Interpretive
103. The Bureau of Labor Sta tistics’ U-1 measure of joblessness includes only very long-term unemployed. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | U-1 MSC: Interpretive
104. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ U-2 measure of joblessness includes job losers and job leavers.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | U-2 MSC: Interpretive
105. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ U-3 measure of joblessness is the official unemployment rate.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
1882 Chapter 28/Unemployment
106. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ U-4 measure of joblessness includes discouraged workers.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | U-4 MSC: Interpretive
107. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ U-5 measure of joblessness is the official unemployment rate.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | U-5 MSC: Interpretive
108. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ U-5 measure of joblessness includes marginally attached workers.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | U-5 MSC: Interpretive
109. Most spells of unemployment are short, and most unemployment observed at any given time is long-term. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
110. Most spells of unemployment are long, and most unemployment observed at any given time is short-term. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
111. Most spells of unemployment are short, and most unemployment observed at any given time is short-term. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
112. Most spells of unemployment are long, and most unemployment observed at any given time is long-term. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
113. Data on unemployment indicate that most people who become unemployed will soon find jobs.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Interpretive
114. In an ideal labor market, wages would adjust to balance the quantity of labor supplied and the quantity of labor demanded, ensuring that all workers are always fully employed.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Wages | Employment
MSC: Definitional
115. There are always some workers without jobs, even when the overall economy is doing well.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
116. The unemployment rate never falls to zero.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Definitional
117. The unemployment rate sometimes falls to zero.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment rate
MSC: Definitional
Chapter 28/Unemployment 1883 118. One explanation for long-run unemployment is that it takes time for workers to search for the jobs that are best suited for them.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment | Job search MSC: Definitional
119. The unemployment that results from the process of matching workers and jobs is called frictional unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Frictional unemployment
MSC: Definitional
120. The unemployment that results from the process of matching workers and jobs is called structural unemployment.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Frictional unemployment
MSC: Definitional
121. Frictional unemployment is often thought to explain relatively short spells of unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Frictional unemployment
MSC: Definitional
122. Frictional unemployment is often thought to explain relatively long spells of unemployment.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Frictional unemployment
MSC: Definitional
123. Some long-run unemployment may be explained by the fact that the number of jobs available in some labor markets may be insufficient to give a job to everyone who wants one.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
124. The unemployment that results from the quantity of labor supplied exceeding the quantity demanded is called structural unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Structural unemployment
MSC: Definitional
125. The unemployment that results from the quantity of labor supplied exceeding the quantity demanded is called frictional unemployment.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Structural unemployment
MSC: Definitional
126. Structural unemployment is often thought to explain relatively long spells of unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Structural unemployment
MSC: Definitional
127. Structural unemployment is often thought to explain relatively short spells of unemployment.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Structural unemployment
MSC: Definitional
128. Structural unemployment results when wages are, for some reason, set above the level that brings supply and demand into equilibrium.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Structural unemployment
1884 Chapter 28/Unemployment
129. Three possible reasons for an above-equilibrium wage are minimum-wage laws, unions, and efficiency wages. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Structural unemployment MSC: Definitional
130. Every month, the Bureau of Labor Statistics surveys 160,000 business establishments to help determine the number of jobs the economy has gained or lost.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Jobs number MSC: Interpretive
131. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ household survey and establishment survey both yield the same results about total employment.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Employment MSC: Interpretive
132. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ household survey and establishment survey both yield information about unemployment.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-1
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics | Employment MSC: Interpretive
133. One reason economies always experience some unemployment is job search.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment | Job search MSC: Definitional
134. Job search is the process of matching workers with appropriate jobs.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Job search
MSC: Definitional
135. If all workers and all jobs were the same such that all workers were equally well suited for all jobs, then job search would not be a problem.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Job search
MSC: Definitional
136. If all workers and all jobs were the same such that all workers were equally well suited for all jobs, then there would be no frictional unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Frictional unemployment MSC: Interpretive
137. Frictional unemployment is often the result of changes in the demand for labor among different firms. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Frictional unemployment MSC: Definitional
138. The demand for labor by a certain firm fluctuates as the demand for that firm’s product fluctuates.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor demand | Demand
MSC: Interpretive
139. The demand for labor by a certain firm is independent of the demand for that firm’s product.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Labor demand | Demand
MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 28/Unemployment 1885 140. Employment can rise in one region of the country while it falls in another.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Employment MSC: Definitional
141. Changes in the composition of demand among industries or regions are called sectoral shifts.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Sectoral shifts MSC: Definitional
142. Sectoral shifts temporarily cause unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Sectoral shifts | Unemployment MSC: Definitional
143. Sectoral shifts contribute to frictional unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Sectoral shifts | Frictional unemployment MSC: Interpretive
144. Frictional unemployment is inevitable because the economy is always changing.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Frictional unemployment
MSC: Definitional
145. A century ago, the four industries with the largest employment in the United States were cotton goods, woolen goods, men’s clothing, and lumber.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Employment MSC: Definitional
146. Today, the four industries with the largest employment in the United States are autos, aircraft, communications, and electrical components.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: The study of economics and definitions of economics
TOP: Employment MSC: Definitional
147. Data show that at least 10 percent of U.S. manufacturing jobs are destroyed every year.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
148. Data show that at least 20 percent of U.S. manufacturing jobs are destroyed every year.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
149. More than 3 percent of U.S. workers leave their jobs in a typical month.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
150. More than 30 percent of U.S. workers leave their jobs in a typical month.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
1886 Chapter 28/Unemployment
151. The destruction of manufacturing jobs and workers leaving their jobs to find better ones both contribute to frictional unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Frictional unemployment MSC: Interpretive
152. Public policy can reduce the economy’s natural rate of unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Public policy | Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
153. Public policy cannot reduce the economy’s natural rate of unemployment.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Public policy | Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
154. Public policy can reduce frictional unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Public policy | Frictional unemployment MSC: Interpretive
155. Policies that reduce the time it takes unemployed workers to find new jobs can reduce the economy’s natural rate of unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Public policy | Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional
156. Government-run employment agencies and public training programs both seek to reduce frictional unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Public policy | Frictional unemployment MSC: Interpretive
157. Advocates of government-run employment agencies and public training programs believe they make job search more efficient.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Public policy | Job search | Efficiency MSC: Interpretive
158. Critics of government-run employment agencies and public training programs argue that the private market is better at matching workers and jobs than the government is.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Public policy | Job search MSC: Interpretive
159. Most job search in the U.S. economy takes place without intervention by the government.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Job search
MSC: Definitional
160. Most job search in the U.S. economy takes place with the help of the government.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Job search
MSC: Definitional
161. Public policy, without intending to do so, can increase frictional unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Public policy | Frictional unemployment MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 28/Unemployment 1887 162. Unemployment insurance increases frictional unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Unemployment insurance | Frictional unemployment MSC: Definitional
163. Unemployment insurance reduces hardships of unemployment but also increases the amount of structural unemployment.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Unemployment insurance | Frictional unemployment MSC: Interpretive
164. Unemployment insurance is designed to offer workers partial protection against job loss.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment insurance
MSC: Definitional
165. The unemployed who quit their jobs, were fired for cause, or just entered the labor force are not eligible for unemployment insurance.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment insurance
MSC: Definitional
166. The unemployed who quit their jobs, were fired for cause, or just entered the labor force are eligible for unemployment insurance.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment insurance
MSC: Definitional
167. A typical American worker covered by unemployment insurance receives 50 percent of his former wages for
52 weeks.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment insurance
MSC: Definitional
168. Unemployment insurance reduces the incentive for the unemployed to find and take new jobs.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Unemployment insurance | Incentives MSC: Interpretive
169. Unemployment insurance causes workers to be less likely to seek guarantees of job security when they negotiate with employers over the terms of employment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment insurance
MSC: Definitional
170. Studies have shown that the design of the unemployment insurance system reduces the job search effort of the unemployed.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment insurance
MSC: Interpretive
171. Some economists have argued that unemployment insurance improves the ability of the economy to match each worker with the most appropriate job.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Economists | Unemployment insurance MSC: Definitional
172. The unemployment rate is an imperfect measure of a nation’s overall level of economic well-being.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
1888 Chapter 28/Unemployment
173. Most economists agree that eliminating unemployment insurance would increase the amount of unemployment in the economy.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Economists | Unemployment insurance MSC: Definitional
174. Most economists agree that eliminating unemployment insurance would i ncrease the nation’s overall level of well-being.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Economists | Unemployment insurance | Economic well-being
MSC: Definitional
175. Other things the same, countries that offer more generous and longer-lasting unemployment insurance benefits are likely to have higher unemployment rates.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-2
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Unemployment insurance MSC: Interpretive
176. Structural unemployment results when the number of jobs is insufficient for the number of workers.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Structural unemployment
MSC: Definitional
177. Minimum wages are the predominant reason for unemployment in the U.S. economy.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Minimum wage | Unemployment MSC: Definitional
178. When a minimum-wage law forces the wage to remain above the level that balances supply and demand, it raises the quantity of labor supplied and reduces the quantity of labor demanded compared to the equilibrium level.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Minimum wage
MSC: Definitional
179. When a minimum-wage law forces the wage to remain above the level that balances supply and demand, it reduces the quantity of labor supplied and raises the quantity of labor demanded compared to the equilibrium level.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Minimum wage
MSC: Definitional
180. When a minimum-wage law forces the wage to remain above the level that balances supply and demand, the result is a surplus of labor.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Minimum wage
MSC: Interpretive
181. When a minimum-wage law forces the wage to remain above the level that balances supply and demand, the result is a shortage of labor.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Minimum wage
MSC: Interpretive
182. When a minimum-wage law forces the wage to remain above the level that balances supply and demand, there are more workers willing to work than there are jobs, so some workers are unemployed.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
Chapter 28/Unemployment 1889 183. Minimum-wage laws are one reason there is always some unemployment in the U.S. economy.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Minimum wage | Unemployment MSC: Definitional
184. Minimum-wage laws affect all workers.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Minimum wage
MSC: Interpretive
185. Most U.S. workers have wages well above the legal minimum, so minimum-wage laws do not prevent the wage from adjusting to balance supply and demand.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Minimum wage
MSC: Definitional
186. Minimum-wage laws matter most for the least skilled and least experienced members of the labor force, such as teenagers.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Minimum wage
MSC: Definitional
187. It is only among the least skilled and least experienced members of the labor force that minimum-wage laws cause unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Minimum wage | Unemployment MSC: Interpretive
188. If the wage is kept above the equilibrium level for any reason, the result is unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Wages | Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
189. If the wage is kept above the equilibrium wage for any reason, the result is structural unemployment.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Wages | Structural unemployment MSC: Interpretive
190. If the wage is kept above the equilibrium level because of minimum-wage laws, then the result is unemployment; if the wage is kept above the equilibrium level for some other reason, the result need not be unemployment.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Wages | Unemployment
MSC: Interpretive
191. When job search is the explanation for unemployment, workers are searching for the jobs that best suit their tastes and skills, but when the wage is above the equilibrium level, the quantity of labor supplied exceeds the quantity of labor demanded, and workers are unemployed because they are waiting for jobs to open up. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation
TOP: Frictional unemployment | Structural unemployment MSC: Definitional
192. U.S. Department of Labor data show that minimum-wage workers tend to be young, less educated, more likely to be working part time, and concentrated in the leisure and hospitality industry.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-3
NAT: Analytic LOC: Unemployment and inflation TOP: Minimum wage
MSC: Definitional
1890 Chapter 28/Unemployment
193. A union is an employer association that bargains with workers over wages, benefits, and working conditions. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions
MSC: Definitional
194. In the 1940s and 1950s, about one-third of U.S. workers belonged to unions, but today, only about one-fifth of U.S. workers belong to unions.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions
MSC: Interpretive
195. Today, unions play a larger role in Europe than they do in the U.S.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions
MSC: Interpretive
196. When a union is present in a labor market, wages are not determined by the equilibrium of supply and demand.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions | Wages
MSC: Interpretive
197. A union is a type of cartel.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions
MSC: Definitional
198. Like any cartel, a union is a group of sellers acting together in the hope of exerting their joint market power. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions
MSC: Definitional
199. The process by which unions and firms agree on the terms of employment is called collective bargaining. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets
TOP: Unions | Collective bargaining MSC: Definitional
200. If a union and a firm cannot reach an agreement on the terms of employment, then the union can organize a withdrawal of labor from the firm, called a strike.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions | Strikes
MSC: Interpretive
201. Economists have found that union workers earn about 30 to 40 percent more than similar workers who do not belong to unions.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Economists | Unions | Wages MSC: Interpretive
202. When a union raises the wage above the equilibrium level, it reduces the quantity of labor supplied and raises the quantity of labor demanded, resulting in unemployment.
ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions | Unemployment
MSC: Definitional
203. The introduction of a union into a firm benefits all of that f irm’s workers.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions
MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 28/Unemployment 1891 204. Some of a firm’s workers are made worse off by the introduction of a union.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions
MSC: Interpretive
205. Unions are often thought to cause conflict between different groups of workers -- between the insiders who benefit from high union wages and the outsiders who do not get the union jobs.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions
MSC: Interpretive
206. When unions raise wages in one part of the economy, the supply of labor increases in other parts of the economy, which reduces wages in industries that are not unionized.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions | Wages
MSC: Interpretive
207. Workers in unions reap the benefit of collective bargaining, while workers not in unions bear some of the cost. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions
MSC: Definitional
208. Unions are exempt from U.S. antitrust laws.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions | Antitrust laws
MSC: Definitional
209. In the U.S., it is illegal for employers to interfere when workers try to organize unions.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions
MSC: Interpretive
210. In the U.S., the National Labor Relations Board is the government agency that enforces workers’ right to unionize.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets
TOP: Unions | National Labor Relations Board MSC: Definitional
211. Right-to-work laws give workers in a unionized firm the right to choose whether to join the union.
ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions | Right-to-work laws MSC: Definitional
212. Right-to-work laws allow striking union members to be permanently replaced.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Unions | Right-to-work laws MSC: Interpretive
213. Most economists believe unions are bad for the economy as a whole.
ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Economists | Unions
MSC: Interpretive
214. Critics of unions argue that unions cause the allocation of labor to be inefficient and inequitable.
ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 28-4
NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets
TOP: Unions | Efficiency | Equality MSC: Interpretive
全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试管理学原理试题 课程代码：00054 一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1.“管理是一种艺术”，这个命题强调的是（） A.管理的综合性 B.管理的实践性 C.管理的层次性 D.管理的具体性 2.“任何组织都必须以某种权力作为基础，才能实现目标，只有权力，才能变混乱为秩序。”反映这一观点的理论是（） A.泰勒的科学管理理论 B.巴纳德的社会合作理论 C.韦伯的行政组织理论 D.西蒙的决策理论 3.“人际关系学说”创建的基础是（） A.霍桑试验 B.技术分析 C.数学模型 D.权变学说 4.组织外部环境中，不确定性最高、对组织管理者挑战最大的环境是（） A.简单和稳定的环境 B.简单和动态的环境 C.复杂和动态的环境 D.复杂和稳定的环境 5.计划工作程序的第一步是（） A.确定目标 B.估量机会 C.编制预算 D.制订派生计划 6.某服装厂兼并一家纺织厂，此种战略形式属于（） A.水平一体化 B.前向一体化 C.后向一体化 D.水平多元化 7.传统的程序化决策制定中最普遍和最为盛行的技术是（） A.管理信息系统 B.组织结构 C.结构分析 D.惯例 8.汽车、家电的生产所采用的生产技术形式是（） A.单件或小批量生产技术 B.大批量或集中生产技术 C.连续流程性生产技术 D.非连续流程性生产技术 9.被称为“斯隆模型”的组织结构是（） A.直线型组织结构 B.职能型组织结构 C.事业部制组织结构 D.矩阵结构 10.下列不属于 ．．．分权制组织特点的是（） A.中下层有较多的决策权限 B.上级的控制较多 C.在统一规划下可独立经营 D.实行独立核算，有一定的财务支配权 11.管理者所能进行的组织变革领域是（） A.结构 B.结构、技术 C.结构、技术、人员 D.结构、技术、人员、环境 12.人员配备指的是（） A.设计和维持一种有助于有效的集体活动的组织结构的活动过程 B.对管理者进行恰当而有效地选拔、培训和考评，以保证组织活动的正常进行 C.将若干工作任务组合起来构成一项完整的职位 D.对组织内每个成员的行为进行引导和施加影响的活动过程 13.法约尔认为对小型工业企业的领导人来说，最重要的能力是（） A.管理能力 B.技术能力 C.商业能力 D.财务能力
政治学原理 一、简述题（每题10分，共50分） 1.说明政治哲学和政治科学的主要区别 答：1）政治哲学研究主要运用先验的哲学思辩的方法，论证某些政治价值是值得追求的，并以这些价值为标准，对显示政治作出评价，并试图探求理想的政治生活方案。它以人类追求的政治价值为研究对象，以揭示政治的价值基础和根本原则。 2）政治科学研究主要运用经验的，科学的和实证的方法，对政治生活进行量化分析。 2.什么是政治参与？列举现代政治参与的主要方式 答：政治参与是普通公民通过各种合法方式参加政治生活，并影响政治体系的构成、运行方式、运行规则和政策过程的行为。 政治参与常见的方式有：1、政治投票。2、政治选举。3、政治结社。4、政治表达。5、政治接触之。6、政治冷漠。 3.说明理想主义与现实主义政治观的差异 答：理想主义与现实主义是两种不同的政治思维模式。 1、对人性的看法 理想主义：人性本善，至少可以通过修养达到善 现实主义：人性本恶，人有权欲，本性难改 2、对国家关系的看法 理想主义：国家间的利益能够调和，主张在道义和民主基础上建立公正的国际关系 现实主义：强调世界的竞争性，各国利益不可调和，国际关系只能以权力与利益为轴心 3、对国际法和国际组织的作用的看法 理想主义：极为看重国际法和国际组织，视之为维护国际秩序的唯一有效工具 现实主义：离开权力均势，国际组织就名存实亡 4、对社会和世界的看法 理想主义：强调研究社会和世界“应该如何”，对世界报以盲目乐观态度 现实主义：信奉实证原则，强调人类应当面对争斗的现实，不可陷入和谐的空想 5、对未来的看法 理想主义：认为未来的目标是实现普遍裁军和建立民主的世界政府 现实主义：未来受到人的利己主义的支配，实现世界和平的目标路途坎坷 理想主义重要特点之一是从道德和价值判断的角度看待一切。反映在世界政治中，理想主义从道德价值和合法规则的角度出发，探讨国际政治的行为标准，在对世界事务做出道德评价的基础上，致力研究国际政治体系中各国应当如何行动的问题。它以人类必将走向大同，世界必将走向和平的信念为前提，强调全球利益和国际合作。由于它对世界政治的看法并非建立在现实经验的分析之上，所以，也将被现实主义视为空想主义理论。 现实主义是最古老的国际政治理论，强调全力政治和国家利益。它将其全部理论建立在这样的假设之上：国家是国际和世界舞台上的主角，是一个拥有主权的自治实体。而且，民族主义的兴起和现代国家的产生，更使国家变成了一个统一的政治共同体，享有至高无上的权威。 4.简要概括政治社会化的含义 政治社会化就是社会成员在政治实践活动中逐步获取政治知识和能力，形成整治意识和立场的过程。它是社会成员与政治体系之间相互联系、相互影响的互动过程，是社会意识继承与创新的统一，是一个持续不断的过程。 5.概括说明政党的主要功能 答： 1、凝聚阶级的利益要求和政治意识。2、集合和发展阶级政治力量。3、影响和领导社会政治生活。4、培养本阶级的政治骨干分子。 5、影响国际政治和国际事务。 6.什么是联邦制？说明联邦制的主要特点 答：联邦制国家又称为联盟国家，一般由两个以上的政治实体结合组成。联邦制国家的特点在于： （1）国家具有最高立法、行政和司法机关，行使国家最高政治权力。 （2）国家有统一的宪法和基本法律，但是，在国家统一宪法和基本法律范围内，各联邦组成单位又有自己的宪法和法律； （3）国民既有联邦国籍，又有组成联邦单位的国籍； （4）在对外关系方面，联邦是国际政治中的主权国家，中央政府拥有外交权。 7.简要说明政治文化对于政治体系的作用 答：政治文化对既有政治体系起着维护和延续的作用,同时,政治文化的变化最终又可能带来现实政治制度和政治生活的变迁。政治文化作为政治体系的“软件”部分，一般与政治制度性结构安排相匹配。跨国性比较研究和现代化研究显示，传统社会与现代社会的差异不仅体现在制度安排方面，而且也体现在政治文化方面；民主政治制度的良好运转，需要以民主的政治文化为条件。 8.什么是政党制度？举例说明目前世界上存在的主要政党制度类型 答：政党制度是指由国家法律规定或在实际政治生活中形成的关于政党的社会政治地位、作用，执掌政权或参与政治的方式、方法、程序的制度性规定。 类型：1、资本主义国家政党制度：（1）两党制。（2）多党制（3）一党制。 2、社会主义国家政党制度：（1）无产阶级政党领导制。（2）无产阶级政党领导的多党合作制。
. . . . 《管理学原理》总复习与综合复习 一、基本概念 1、管理 是在特定的环境下，对组织所拥有的资源进行有效的计划、组织、领导和控制，以便 达到既定的组织目标的过程。 2、决策 是管理的基本要素。计划、组织、领导和控制都是管理的职能，而每项职能都要求做 出迅速且明确的决定，这些都是决策问题。 广义定义：人们为了实现目标，根据客观条件，通过调查和研究，在掌握大 量有关信息和经验的基础上，借助一定的方法和手段，从众多方案中选择一个最满意或合 理的方案并付诸实施的过程。 狭义的决策：为达到某个目标，从众多方案中选定一个满意方案的行为，也就是通常 所说的“决定” 、“拍板”、或“决断”。 3、保健因素 是指工作环境或条件相关的因素，由于这类因素带有预防性，只起保持人的积极性、 维持工作现状的作用。 4、控制 对组织各方面的活动给以监控，使组织实际运行状况与组织计划要求保持动 态适应的工作过程。这项工作由管理人员来做，并作为一项管理职能开展，通常称之为“管理控制” 。 5、反馈控制 把组织系统运行的结果返送到组织系统的输入端，与组织预定的计划标准进行比较，然 后找出实际与计划之间的差异，并采取措施纠正这种差异的一种控制方法。 6、管理幅度 管理幅度也称为管理宽度，指一个管理者直接管理下级人员的数目。 二、基本原理 1、决策的程序 要使决策有效就要遵循科学的决策程序，一般来说，决策的程序可以分为一下几个步 骤： （1）识别机会或诊断问题：问题是决策的起点，任何管理组织的进步、发展都是从发现 问题开始，然后做出变革而实现的。这里的问题是指应有的状况和实际之间的差距。 （2）确定决策目标：决策要求有明确而具体的决策目标。 （3）拟定备选方案：决策的基本含义是抉择，这就要求至少有两个以上的可行方案。可行性方案要具备 3 个条件，能够保证决策目标的实现，组织外部环境和内部条件都有可行性，具有排他性。 （4）分析评选备选方案：鉴定所有方案执行后可能产生的后果。要明智地评价备选方案，必须设法预测该方案执行后可能产生的后果，应尽量把所有可能都估计到。 专注专业
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附件五 武汉理工大学高等教育自学考试学业综合评价课程综合测验 武汉理工大学高等教育自学考试学业综合评价课程综合测验试 卷（期中□期末□） 姓名_______ 准考证号_____________ 专业____________ 课程适用_____年___月考期测验时间____年___月____日(上午、下午、晚上)测验得分__________ 阅卷人：___________ 满分１００分，考试时间１５０分钟。 一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个选项中 只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1.下列原理中，属于人员配备工作原理的是( ) A.许诺原理 B.目标统一原理 C.责权利一致原理 D.命令一致原理 世纪初，提出图表系统法的人是( ) A.甘特 B.泰罗 C.维纳 D.穆登 3.管理控制工作的基本目的是( ) A.维持现状 B.打破现状 C.改变现状 D.实现创新 4.管理的主体是( ) A.企业家 B.全体员工 C.高层管理者 D.管理者 5.利用过去的资料来预测未来状态的方法是( ) A.因果法 B.外推法 C.德尔菲法 D.头脑风暴法 6.一般认为管理过程学派的创始人是( ) A.泰罗 B.法约尔 C.韦伯 D.德鲁克 7.下列哪种组织结构又称为“斯隆模型”( ) A.多维立体结构 B.矩阵结构 C.职能型 D.事业部制 8.双因素理论中的双因素指的是( ) A.人和物的因素 B.信息与环境的因素 C.保健因素与激励因素 D.自然因素和社会因素
管理学原理题库考试试题及答案
（*题库均为研究生院出,答案为历年学长提供,仅供学员参考*）
一、名词解释 A 类 MA1 差别化 在满足顾客全部需求过程中，确定在哪些环节形成与竞争对手的差别，形成竞争优势。 MA2 动机 是在需要基础上产生的，引起和维持着个人行为，并将其导向一定目标的心理机制。 MA3 多种经营战略 多种经营又叫多角化经营战略，就是指把新产品开发经营与市场开拓相结合的一种经营战略。 在经营战略中与市场渗透、市场开拓、产品开发同属产品----市场战略，即与企业从事经营 的产品领域的配合有关的经营战略。多种经营是新产品和新市场相配合，即增加新产品和增 加新市场两者同时并进的战略。多种经营的理论基础是范围经济和分散风险。 MA4 非正式组织 所谓非正式组织，是两个或两个以上个人的无意识地体系化了的多种心理因素的系统。 MA5 风险管理 风险管理是对风险的识别，适应和处置。风险管理的目的是避免风险或使损失减至最小。 MA6 风险识别 即在损失风险刚出现或出现之前，就予以识别，一准确把握各种风险信号及其产生原因。 MA7 负强化 负强化又称消极强化，即利用强化物抑制不良行为重复出现的可能性。包括批评、惩罚、降 职降薪等。 MA8 个人惯性 个人惯性是指个人在长期的组织生活中形成的固定观念、准则和思维方式、工作习惯等。 MA9 管理
管理是组织中维持集体协作行为延续发展的有意识的协调行为。管理行为是一种分解和综合、 协调其他行为的一般职能，是组织的一部分职能，是组织的特殊器官，离开组织或协作行为，
不存在管理。管理的实质是协调，围绕共同目标，解决矛盾、协调力量，形成一致。 MA10 管理制度 是对企业管理各基本方面规定活动框架，调节集体协作行为的制度。管理制度是比企业基本 制度层次略低的制度规范。它是用来约束集体性行为的成体系的活动和行为规范，主要针对 集体而非个人。 MA11 激励 所谓激励，是指人类活动的一种内心状态，它具有激发和加强动机，推动并引导行为使之朝 向预定目标的作用。一般认为，一切内心要争取的条件一欲求、需要、希望、动力等都构成 人的激励。激励与人的行为呈正相关关系。激励在企业管理中具有多方面的重要功能：有助 于激发和调动职工的工作积极性；有助于将职工的个人目标导向现实企业目的轨道；有助于 增强企业的凝聚力。 MA12 计划 计划是事先对未来应采取的行动所做的规范和安排。计划工作贯穿企业经营管理全过程 MA13 技术规范 技术规范是涉及某些技术标准、技术规程的规定。它反映生产和流通过程中客观事物的内在 技术要求、科学性和规律性，是经济活动中心须予以尊重的。P163
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政治参与的作用是什么？（1）政治参与有助于促进政治民主发展；（2）政治参与有助于经济发展，政治参与能够加强政府或执政党推进经济增长政策的力量；（3）政治参与有助于实现社会公平，政治参与是人民群众表达愿望的过程，它有助于使社会利益分配的政策向符合人民利益的方向发展，并还有助于推动社会福利事业。现代国家的选举原则是什么？（1）普遍选举原则；（2）平等选举原则；（3）直接选举和间接选举原则；（4）秘密投票原则。儒、法、道、墨政治学说的主要内容是什么？（1）儒家政治学说以“礼治”和“德治”为主要内容，其核心是“仁政”，主张为政以德，修己治人，即，以道德教化、修身养性来实行统治，反对以苛政、刑律治天下；（2）法家则反其道而行之，强调“法”、“术”、“势”为核心的政治观，主张以明令显法和统治术来驾驭人民。儒家和法家的主张分别形成了中国历史上 的“王道”和“霸道”。（3）道家的政治学说以“法自然”为思想核心，在统治手法上强调“无为而治”；（4）墨子的政治学说则以“兼爱”、“非攻”为中心，主张以缓和社会矛盾来维持统治。政党区别于一般社会组织和利益集团的特性是什么？（1）政党的目标是通过竞取政府职位而赢得政府权力；（2）政党是一个拥有正式会员的较为稳定的组织机构；（3）政党对政府政策的每一个问题都给以广泛的关注；（4）政党以一定程度的共同政治偏好和意识形态为基础。 马克思主义政治观的基本内容是什么？（1）政治是一种具有公共性的社会关系；（2）政治是经济的集中体现；（3）政治的根本问题是政治权力，也就是国家政权问题；（4）政治是有规律的社会现象，是科学，也是艺术。为什么现代化过程中容易出现政治不稳定？（1）现代化过程中的利益冲突加剧，导致政治不稳定。（2）新旧价值观念的冲突。（3）人们的社会期望以及参与意识的提高而导致政治不稳定。（4）政府的执行危机。 （5）此外，对于那些后期现代化国家来说，由于国际势力的影响也往往造成了很大的不稳定因素。 政治权力具有哪些特性？（1）权威性；（2）支配性，；（3）强制性；（4）扩张性；（5）排他性。 善治的精神是什么？（1）契约观念，契约观念的要素：第一，自愿；第二，一致同意；第三，责任性；第四，公开性或者说透明性。（2）效率精神，包括的内涵：第一，管理效率；第二，制度效率；第三，回应性。 经济发展如何促进政治民主化？1) 经济发展创造了一个庞大的中产阶级，这是民主的基础之一。2) 与中产阶级规模发展相伴随的是教育水平的提高。与上述两方面因素相联系，经济发展使人们逐步认识到自身利益并希望表达出来。公民自我意识和个人权力观念的形成，是要求制
管理学原理试题及答案1 第一部分选择题 一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1.下列原理中，属于人员配备工作原理的是( ) A.xx原理 B.目标统一原理 C.责权利一致原理 D.命令一致原理 2.20世纪初，提出图表系统法的人是( ) A.甘特 B.泰罗 C.维纳 D.穆登 3.管理控制工作的基本目的是( ) A.维持现状 B.打破现状 C.改变现状 D.实现创新 4.管理的主体是( ) A.企业家 B.全体员工 C.高层管理者 D.管理者 5.利用过去的资料来预测未来状态的方法是( ) A.因果xx B.外推xx C.德尔菲xx D.头脑风暴xx 6.大凡认为管理过程学派的创始人是( )
A.泰罗 B.xx C.xx D.xx 7.下列哪种组织结构又称为“斯隆模型“( ) A.多维立体结构 B.矩阵结构 C.职能型 D.事业部制 8.双因素理论中的双因素指的是( ) A.人和物的因素 B.信息与环境的因素 C.保健因素与激励因素 D.自然因素和社会因素 9.利克特的管理模式认为，极有成就的管理者大凡采用的管理方法是( )A.利用-命令B.温柔-命令 C.集体参与 D.商议式 10.管理的核心是( ) A.决策 B.领导 C.激励 D.处理好人际关系 11.泰罗的科学管理理论出现在( ) A. 19世纪末20世纪初 B. 20世纪30年代 C. 20世纪40年代 D. 20世纪60年代 12.头脑风暴法属于( ) A.外推法 B.直观法 C.因果xx D.德尔菲xx 13.xx提出的激励理论认为( )
管理学原理试卷及答案 篇一：管理学原理期末考试试题及答案 一、名词解释（本大题共7小题，每小题3分，共21分） 管理 目标管理 预测 决策 人员配备 激励 控制 二、单项选择题在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1．管理的性质不包括（） A.二重性 B.科学性 c.理论性D.艺术性 2．人们常说，身体是“三分治七分养”，对于这件事（） A．反馈控制比前馈控制更重要B．现场控制比反馈控制更重要c．反馈控制比现场控制更重要D．前馈控制比反馈控制更重要3．打电话请供应商来换一台同目前用坏的机器一样的设备，这是设备的简单替换问题，需要的管理技能主要是（）
A.概念技能和技术技能 B.人际技能和技术技能 c.技术技能D.人际技能和概念技能 4．差别计件工资制是（）的内容之一。 A．泰罗的科学管理理论B．法约尔的一般管理理论 c．韦伯的行政管理理论D．现代管理理论 5．没有一个固定的信息中心，成员之间总是互相传递信息的是（） A．园型沟通B．y型沟通 c．全通道型沟通D．轮型沟通 6.根据计划的明确性，可以将计划分为（） A．长期计划、中期计划和短期计划B．战略性计划和战术性计划 c．具体性计划和指导性计划D．程序性计划和非程序性计划 7．（）是指企业在计划期内反映有预计现金收支、经营成果和财务状况的预算。 A．经营预算B．投资预算 c．财务预算D．成本预算 8．目标的制定要有一定的高度和难度，这体现了目标的（） A.差异性B．层次性 c.时间性D．先进性 9．某企业制造并销售单一成品，固定成本总额为60万元，产品售价为每件30元，单位变动成本为10元，该企业的盈亏平衡时的产
《政治学原理》历届试题及答案 试卷代号:2209 中央广播电视大学2006-2007学年度第一学期“开放专科”期末考试行政管理专业 政治学原理试题（2007年1月） 一、填空(每空1分，共6分) 1、政治制度化包括政治参与的制度化、（）的制度化两个基本方面的容。 2、政党就是指人们为了通过（）或其他手段赢得政府权力而组织的政治团体。 3、政治（）主要指政治秩序或体系丧失其合法性的情况。 4、国家的三要素说，认为具有（）、土地、主权者即为国家。 5、古典观以（）为蓝本，把视为人民当家作主的权力，提倡人民参与国家事务的决策和管理。 6、柏拉图在《理想国》一书中明确指出，政治的本质在于（），一个“理想国”具有智慧、勇敢、节制和正义四种美德。 二、选择题(每题至少有一个答案，多选少选均不能得分。每题2分，共20分) 1、根据政治学的一般分析原理，非政府政治体系由()组成。 A.个体公民 B.社团 C.政党 D.市民社会 2、一般来讲，社会监督的途径和方式主要包括() A.舆论监督 B.公民监督 C.政党监督 D.社会团体监督 3、（）精辟地论述道:“一切有权力的人都容易滥用权力，这是万古不易的一条经验。有权力的人们使用权力一直遇有界限的地方才休止。……要防止滥用权力，就必须以权力约束权力。” A.密尔 C.卢梭 B.孟德斯鸠 D.托克维尔 4、（）是政府的灵魂。 A.权威性 B.有机组织性 C.阶级性 D.公共性 5、英国政府一直在()的轮流执掌之下。 A.保守党 B.党 C.党 D.工党 6、的限度包括()。 A.以不产生多数人对少数人的暴政为限度 B.以不干涉政党活动为限度 C.以不干涉社会自主为限度 D.以不侵人“私人领域”为限度 7、马克思主义认为()是奴隶制和封建制国家的典型政体形式。 A.专制君主制 B.立宪君主制 C.二元君主制 D.寡头制 8、()是得以保障和保存的基础性权利。 A.弹劾权 B.选举权 C.罢免权 D.质询权 9、概括而言，政党的功能和作用主要体现在()。 A.实现社会化和政治动员的途径 B.组织政府的手段 C.实现利益聚集和表达的途径 D.形成和培养政治精英的渠道
管理学原理第九章测试题 一、单项选择题 1.某项职位或某部门所拥有的包括作出决策、发布命令等的权力称为（） A.直线职权 B.参谋职权 C.职能职权 D.职能--参谋职权 2.在参谋的形式中，“智囊团”或“顾问班子”属于（） A.个人参谋 B.专业参谋 C.职权参谋 D.职务参谋 3.一般认为，限制职能职权的使用所得常常是（） A.小于所失 B.大于所失 C.与所失相抵 D.与所失无关 4.某公司财务经理授权会计科长管理应付款，会计科长由于太忙，不能亲自处理，便授权属下一位会计负责此事。会计科长对应付款的管理（） A.不再负有责任 B.责任与原来相同 C.责任减轻 D.不再负有主要责任 5.职权的组织中，是集中还是分散，不是职权的（） A.大小问题 B.高度问题 C.种类问题 D.控制问题 6.一般来说，集权或分权的程度，常常根据各管理层次拥有的（）的情况来确定。 A.领导权 B.决策权 C.计划权 D.组织权 7.以下几种做法中，哪一种最能说明该组织所采取的是较为分权的做法？（） A.采取了多种有利于提高员工个人能力的做法 B.努力使上层领导集中精力于高层管理 C.更多、较为重要的决定可由较低层次的管理人员做出 D.采取积极措施减轻上级领导的工作负担 8.下列不属于分权制组织特点的是（ ) A.中下层有较多的决策权限 B.上级的控制较多 C.在统一规划下可独立经营 D.实行独立核算，有一定的财务支配权 二、多项选择题 1.集权程度高的特征包括（） A.基层决策数目很少 B.低一级的管理层次做出决策时不需请示 C.下级做出的决策无关紧要 D.决策前，必须请示上级 E.决策后，必须呈报上级领导作出审批 2.分权制就是把管理权限适当分散在组织的中下层，其特点包括（） A.中下层有较多的决策权 B.上级的控制较少 C.在统一规划下可独立经营 D.实行独立核算，有一定的财务支配权 E.决策前后要经过上级审核 3.影响集权与分权的因素包括（） A.决策的重要性 B.组织的规模 C.组织的历史 D.最高主管的人生观 E.手段 4.个人管理的优点包括（） A.责任明确 B.行动迅速 C.集思广益 D.效率较高 E.职责分离 5.董事会的主要职能有（） A.挑选总经理 B.决定利润分配 C.制定预算 D.决定公司目标 E.批准预算 三、名词解释题 1.授权 2.活性化 3.委员会管理 四、简答题 1.组织内的直线职权、参谋职权、职能职权的区别。 2.简述进行有效地授权时，管理者应当遵循的要求。
管理学原理试题及参考答案 一、填空题(每空1分，共10分) 1.如果生产专用性高，企业既难以( )，也难以( )。 2.量本利计算的基本公式是( )。 3.经营计划的重点是以提高经济效益为中心，重点是( )，范围是( )。 4.组织机构设计是在管理分工的基础上，设计出( )和( )。 5.不论哪一个层次的领导都应具备四方面的能力，它们是人际关系技能、( )、( )和技术技能。 6.激励的“公平理论”中“贡献律”的公式是( )。 二、单项选择题(每小题1分，共20分) 1.中国古代管理思想“法治”中的“常法”是指 A.要保持法的稳定性 B.要制定统一的法律 C.法律面前人人平等 D.要使法律固定不变 2.美国学者肯尼迪和迪尔认为，企业文化除了价值观、英雄人物、文化网络因素外，还包括 A.组织结构 B.领导方式 C.礼仪和庆典 D.企业行为 3.在管理学中，定义为“影响力”的权力除“专长权”和“个人影响权”外，还包括 A.随机处置权 B.制度权 C.奖惩权 D.任免权 4.持续控制的方法包括有自我控制、集体控制和 A.管理信息系统 B.预算控制 C.政策程序控制 D.个人观察 5.群体的发展一般经历四个明显的阶段，它们是 A.初创、动荡、有序、衰亡 B.形成、动荡、规范、表现 C.形成、有序、规范、成熟 D.形成、动荡、规范、成熟 6.所谓的“火炉法则”包括以下步骤 A.预先警告、即时处理、违者必究、普适执行 B.预先警告、即时处理、相同后果、普适执行 C.预先警告、身为表率、即时处理、相同后果 D.预先警告、身为表率、即时处理、普适执行 7.环境研究对组织决策有着非常重要的影响，具体表现在可以提高组织决策的 A.有效性、及时性、稳定性 B.前瞻性、有效性、稳定性 C.正确性、及时性、稳定性 D.有效性、正确性、及时性 8.从组织外部招聘管理人员可以带来“外来优势”是指被聘干部 A.没有历史包袱 B.能为组织带来新鲜空气 C.可以迅速开展工作 D.具有广告效应 9.人员配备的工作包括
政治学原理试题12 一、单选题(在本题的每一小题的备选答案中，只有一个答案是正确的，请把你认为正确答案的题号，填入题干的括号内。 多选不给分。每题1分，共17分) 1、两次世界大战之间，西方政治学研究的主要问题是………………………………………………………………………（） ①国家②权力③政策④法律 2、集欧洲中世纪神权思想之大成的人是………………………………………………………………………………………（） ①奥古斯丁②斯宾诺莎③托马斯·阿奎那④格老秀斯 3、国家产生的最纯粹、最典型的形式是………………………………………………………………………………………（） ①雅典国家②罗马国家③德意志国家④印度国家 4、人类社会的基本矛盾在资本主义社会具体表现为的矛盾…………………………………………………………………（） ①无产阶级与资产阶级②经济基础与上层建筑③和产关系与生产力④生产的社会化与生产资料私人占有 5、社会主义民族问题的性质属于………………………………………………………………………………………………（） ①民族矛盾②敌我矛盾③阶级矛盾④人民内部矛盾 6、列宁在《国家与革命》中说的“半国家”是指……………………………………………………………………………（） ①资本主义国家②社会主义国家③帝国主义国家④福利国家 7、资产阶级民族主义的实质是来看待和处理民族问题。……………………………………………………………………（） ①民族大融合的观点②民族自决权原则③资产阶级利益为核心④民族同化的原则 8、从13世纪末起，欧洲大部分国家先后实行过等级君主制，其中以最为典型。…………………………………………（） ①德国②西班牙③法国④葡萄牙 9、在政治体系内部，处个机构、组织的活动都要围绕进行。………………………………………………………………（） ①国家机构②政党③领袖人物④利益集团 10、我国国家元首职权由国家主席和共同行使………………………………………………………………………………（） ①国务院②全国人大常委会③全国政协④中央政治局 11、美国参议院议员是由………………………………………………………………………………………………………（） ①总统任命②行政官员兼任③选民间接选举产生④选民直接选举产生 12、党的领导的核心是……………………………………………………………………………………………………
管理学原理期末考试A卷 一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸” 的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。 1．管理的主体是（） A．员工B．管理工作 C．组织D．管理者 2．在个人道德发展阶段中，个人已做出明确的努力，摆脱其所属团体或社会权威，确定自己的道德准则，这属于（） A．前惯例阶段B．惯例阶段 C．后惯例阶段D．原则阶段 3．陈述“企业是干什么的”和“应该干什么”是指企业的（） A．使命B．目标 C．政策D．程序 4．计划工作的真正起点是（） A．确定目标B．估量机会 C．确定前提条件D．确定可供选择的方案 5．企业利用过去的资料预测未来状态的方法是（） A．外推法B．内推法 C．因果法D．直观法 6．“l+1>2”体现了系统特性中的（） A．目的性B．整体性 C．开放性D．交换性 7．被后人尊称为“管理过程理论之父”的是（） A．法约尔B．韦伯 C．泰罗D．梅奥 8．通过分析、比较和研究各种各样成功和失败的管理经验，抽象出管理的一般性的结论或原理的是哪一个学派的观点（） A．社会合作学派B．经验或案例学派 C．决策学派D．权变学派 9．在决策或处理问题时，组织用来指导和沟通思想、行动的方针和明文规定是（）A．使命B．战略 C．政策D．程序 10．随着企业实力的增强，某家电生产企业将其经营业务扩展到医药、金融、餐饮等领域，这种做法属于（） A．集中多元化B．横向多元化 C．同心多元化D．混合多元化 11．“确立一种正式的、用来协调各种活动和任务的框架，以便明确人们在其中各自所扮演的角色和所起的作用。”这属于管理的哪项职能（） A．计划B．组织 C．领导D．控制 12．下列不属于 战略管理特点的是（） ．．． A．系统性B．长远预见性
2017管理学原理试题及答案 2017管理学原理试题及答案一、名词解释 1、管理 管理是一个过程，是让别人与自己一同去实现既定的目标，是一切有组织的集体活动所不可缺少的要素。 2、保健因素 赫茨伯格通过调查发现人们对诸如本组织的政策和管理、监督、工作条件、人际关系、薪金、地位、职业安定以及个人生活所需等等，如果得到则没有不满，得不到则产生不满，他把这类因素称为”保健因素”。 3、反馈控制： 这类控制主要是分析工作的执行结果，将它与控制标准相比较，发现已经发生或即将出现的偏差，分析其原因和对未来的可能影响，及时拟定纠正措施并予以实施，以防止偏差继续发生或防止其今后再度发生。 4、命令一致 原理命令一致原理，是指主管人员在实现目标过程中下达的各种命令越是一致，个人在执行命令中发生矛盾就越小，领导与被领导双方对最终成果的责任感也就越大。 5、商议式的管理方 法利克特的四种管理方法中的一种。主管人员在做决策时征求、接受和采用下属建议;试图去酌情利用下属的想法
与意见，运用奖赏并偶尔兼作处罚的办法让职工参与管理。 二、单项选择题 1、下列原理中，属于人员配备工作原理的是(c ) A、许诺原理 B、目标统一原理 C、责权利一致原理 D、命令一致原理 2、20世纪初，提出图表系统法的人是(A ) A、甘特 B、泰罗 C、维纳 D、穆登 3、管理控制工作的基本目的是(A ) A、维持现状 B、打破现状 C、改变现状 D、实现创新 4、管理的主体是(D ) A、企业家 B、全体员工 C、高层管理者 D、管理者 5、利用过去的资料来预测未来状态的方法是(B ) A、因果法 B、外推法 C、德尔菲法 D、头脑风暴法 6、一般认为管理过程学派的创始人是(D ) A、泰罗 B、法约尔 C、韦伯 D、德鲁克 7、下列哪种组织结构又称为”斯隆模型”( D) A、多维立体结构 B、矩阵结构
政治学原理试题 班级：学号：姓名： 一、选择题（每题．2分，共20分，每题至少有一个答案．多选少选均不能得分） 1．政治学名著《政治学》的作者是( )。 A．亚里士多德 B．柏拉图 C．苏哥拉底 D．’西塞罗 2．( )是多党制的典型国家。 A.法国 B．美国 c．日本 D．意大利 3．梁启超认为君主专制政体、君主立宪政体和民主宪政政体代表政体的进化方向，通过改良途径建立( )是中国未来政治的发展方向。 A．君主专制政体 B．君主立宪政体 C。民主宪政政体 D．共和政体 4．( )认为，在确立各种规则时，必须要征得参与者的同意，所谓“同意限定公正”。 A．布坎南 B．哈耶克 C．罗尔斯 D．诺齐克 5．一般来讲，( )只有在民主社会和宪政国家中才能存在和实现。 A．社会监督 B．政治监 C．以权力制约权力的监督 D．政府监督 6．政治学研究最常见、最传统的方法是( )。 A．制度研究途径 B．权力研究途径 C政策过程研究途径D．政治功能研究途径 7．( )方案是“法治”社会的政治设计思路。 A．科学主义 B．经验主 C．现实主义 D．理想主义 8．美国政治学家科恩提出民主政治需要具备的物质条件是( )。 A．地理条件 B．经济条件 C平等和福利 D．设施条件 9．意大利马克思主义政治理论家( )在分析西方资本主义国家特点的时候指 出，国家统治=暴力十文化领导权，其中，拥有文化领导权使其政治统治合理化。 A．哈贝马斯 B．伯恩斯坦 C马佐尼 D．葛兰西 10．精英民主理论所指的精英是指( )上最优秀的人物，他们是与普通大众相 对应的一个群体。 A．文化 B．经济 C政治 D．道德 二、填空（每空1分，共6分） 11．西方现代政治学的经济学研究方法把政治生活中的个人看作是_ 他们遵循着个人利益最大化原则进行政治活动。 12. 被认为是近代西方政治科学的奠基人。 13.民主的基础与前提是倡导和个人独立。 14.韩非指出，政治就是，“先王所期者利也，所用者力也”。
一、判断题（每题2分，不答不得分，答错倒扣2分，总分10分） 1、如果事先制定的计划非常详细周到，下属对计划的目的和要求很明确，那么有效的管理幅度会偏大。（√） 2、计划作为企业战略形成阶段的基本阶段，对此后企业战略实施的成败与战略控制的有效性至关重要。（√） 3、目标管理是“参与管理”的一种，它既强调工作成果，又重视人的作用，强调职工群众自主参与目标的制定、实施和评价。（√） 4、因为人们很难获得最优决策，只能接受满意决策，而满意决策完全取决于决策者的主观判断，所以结果往往是"走一步，看一步，摸着石头过河。（√） 5、经验决策主要根据决策者的经验、智慧、直觉等定性因数来作出。而科学决策不同于经验决策，它主要根据统计数据、数学模型、计算机模拟等定量因数来作出。因此，科学决策比经验决策更合理、更实用、更有效。（×） 二、单选题（每题3分，共30分） 1、各种方案所需的条件已知且知道每一方案各种后果发生概率的决策是（C）。 A、程序化决策 B、确定型决策 C、风险型决策 D、不确定型决策 2、对未来持悲观态度、比较谨慎的决策者在进行不确定型决策时，一般采取（ A）。 A、小中取大法 B、大中取大法 C、小中取小法 D、大中取小法 3、某企业集团拟资开发新产品，现有两个方案，假定其开发费用相同。开发甲产品，现有两个方案，假定其开发费用相同。开发甲产品，估计投产后，市场竞争不激烈时每年可获得150万元，市场竞争激烈时每年亏损50万元。开发乙产品，估计投产后无论市场竞争激烈与否，每年均可获利70万元。根据预测，这两种拟开发的产品投产后，出现市场竞争不激烈情况的概率为0.6，出现市场竞争激烈情况的概率为0.4。如果只能在这两个方案中选一个，你的评价是什么（ B ）。 A、开发甲产品比开发乙产品好 B、开发乙产品比开发甲产品好 C、开发甲产品与开发乙产品没什么差别 D、根据以上资料尚无法下结论
管理学原理试题库 《管理学原理》测试题（一） 一、名词解释 1.例外管理原则 2.需要层次理论 二、单项选择题 1.企业管理应随机而变，不存在普遍适用的最好的技术和方法是（）的观点。 A.社会系统学派 B.经验主义学派 C.权变学派 D.管理科学学派 2.某公司经理被批评“管理得太多，而领导得太少”。该经理在工作中的主要问题是（）。 A.未对人的因素给予足够的关心 B.未对任务的完成给予应有的重视 C.把太多的时间花在亲自处理各种事情上，没有做好对下级的授权工作 D.很可能同时存在A与C两方面的问题 3.一家用器械制造商以往从未向美国大型百货店提供过产品，最近却与希尔斯百货公司签订了一份三年期合同，将其洗衣机产品40%的生产量集中出售给希尔斯公司。这一行动使该制造商的经营环境发生了何种变化（） A.环境复杂性降低 B.环境复杂性升高 C.环境动态性降低 D.环境动态性升高 4.某君到一百货商店考察，随阅了其规章制度手册，有三条特别引起他的注意：（1）我们只售高贵时髦的衣服和各种高级用具。（2）货物售出超过30天，不再退还购货款。（3）在退
还顾客购货款前，营业员需注意检查退回的货物，然后取得楼层经理的批准。试问这三条规定各自是属于常用计划的哪一种形式（） A.都是规则 B. 都是政策 C.分别是政策、程序、规则 D.分别是政策、规则、程序 5.古人云：“运筹于帷幄之中，决胜于千里之外”。这里的“运筹帷幄”反映了管理的哪一个职能（） A.计划职能 B.组织职能 C.领导职能 D.控制职能 6.你正面临是否购买某种奖券的决策。你知道每张奖券的售价以及该期共发行奖券的总数、奖项和相应的奖金额。在这样的情况下，该决策的类型是什么 A.确定型决策 B.风险型决策 C.不确定型决策 D.冒险决策 7.人际、概念技能和技术技能是合格的管理者必备的三项基本技能，但在三者组合比例上，不同层次的管理者就各不相同。试根据下表中的数据，标明左栏中相应的管理层次是什么。( )
注：装订线内禁止答题，装订线外禁止有姓名和其他标记。 东北农业大学成人教育学院考试题签 管理学原理（A） 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1.“确立一种正式的、用来协调各种活动和任务的框架，以便明确人们在其中各自所扮演的角色和所起的作用。”这属于管理的哪项职能? （） A．计划 B．组织 C．领导 D．控制 2.下列不属于战略管理特点的是（） A．系统性 B．长远预见性 C．对外抗争性 D．不变性 3.随着市场的发展，电子产品、计算机软件的更新换代越来越快，这些行业所处环境的不确定性也越来越高，这说明该类型行业所处环境倾向于（） A．简单稳定 B．复杂稳定 C．简单动态 D．复杂动态 4.分清事物的主要矛盾与次要矛盾，强调抓主要矛盾，类同于计划工作中的（） A．限定因素原理 B．许诺原理 C．灵活性原理 D．改变航道原理 5.某公司一直将中原地区作为其重要的销售市场，今年计划继续增加广告投入，以提高现有产品在现有市场的占有率，这种做法属于（） A．市场开发 B．市场渗透 C．前向一体化 D．后向一体化 6.军队中连、排、班是最原始、简单的部门划分，其依据的是（） A．职能 B．时间 C．人数 D．地区 7.依照“安东尼结构”，制定组织目标和大政方针的层次是（） A．战略决策层 B．运行管理层 C．执行管理层 D．战术计划层 8.“集中政策，分散经营”是下列哪种组织结构的特征? （） A．直线制 B．职能制 C．事业部制 D．矩阵制 9.下列不属于董事会职能的是（） A．制定公司发展目标 B．挑选总经理 C．确定产品采购计划 D．决定利润分配 10.下列选项中对“百万机会缺陷数(DPMO)”表述错误的是（） A．它是一个衡量质量的通用指标 B．缺陷是指所有导致顾客不满的情况 C．它是一个比率 D．6西格玛的质量水平对应的DPMO为2.4 11．“倘若要所用的人没有短处，其结果至多只是一个平平凡凡的组织。”这句话强调的（） A．职务要求明确原理 B．用人之长原理
科目编号： 座号： 甘肃电大职业技术学院2011年6月期末考试 2010 级 行政管理 专业 《政治学原理》试卷A 核分人签名 一、单项选择（每题2分，计20分） 1．( )是使市民社会与国家政治相联系的基本途径. A 选举 B 监督 C 集会 D 游行 2 .理想主义途径认为民主的首要价值在于( ). A 权威 B 平等 C 自由 D 自治 3. 在当代,政治发展主要指政治的( )过程. A 现代化 B 开明化 C 清明化 D 法制化 4. 共产党组织被认为是( )政党的典型. A 核心会议型 B 支部型 C 单位化 D 代表性 5. ( )是一国国民长期形成的相对稳定的对于生活其中的政治体系和所承 担政治角色的认知,情感和态度,它与政府,政治组织等制度性结构相对应,成为政治体系的主观要素. A 民意 B 政治思想 C 公众舆论 D 政治文化 6. 一般来讲,( )只有在民主社会和宪政国家中才能存在和实现. A 社会监督 B 政治监督 C 以权力制约权力的监督 D 政府监督 7. 从广义上看,政治文明主要是指公共领域里的( ),它意味着人们之间 的普遍合作. A 政治稳定 B 政治一致 C 政治秩序 D 政治共识 8. 孙中山先生是( )政治观的代表人物. A 管理 B 神权 C 道德 D 权力 9. ( )是天生的民主派.他们崇尚自由,反对干涉;主张合作双赢,反对你 死我活;倾向中道温和,反对极端和突变等.他们希望改革权威主义政治,而
不是革命推翻这种政治. A 工人阶级 B 中产阶级 C 资产阶级 D 小资产阶级 10. ( )观念意味着政府在治理过程中不是一个权威的身份参与治理,而是 与其他团体,公民平等的身份去参与,与它们协商合作,共同治理. A 善治 B 服务 C 契约 D 平等 二、名词解释（每小题5分，计20分） 1.政治态度 2.治理 3.议会君主制 4.权力 三、填空题（每空2分，计14分） 1. 中华人民共和国的________ 制度是公民自由权利的体现. 2. 东方传统的政治学,以中国传统政治为代表,是一种_________的政治学. 3. 政治秩序最关键的核心是_________. 4. 实行一党制的国家有两种类型,一种是________ 国家,另一种是民族主义
一、名词解释（本大题共7小题，每小题3分，共21分） 管理 目标管理 预测 决策 人员配备 激励 控制 二、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1．管理的性质不包括（） A.二重性 B.科学性 C.理论性 D.艺术性 2．人们常说，身体是“三分治七分养”，对于这件事（） A．反馈控制比前馈控制更重要B．现场控制比反馈控制更重要 C．反馈控制比现场控制更重要D．前馈控制比反馈控制更重要 3．打电话请供应商来换一台同目前用坏的机器一样的设备，这是设备的简单替换问题，需要的管理技能主要是（） A. 概念技能和技术技能 B.人际技能和技术技能 C.技术技能 D.人际技能和概念技能 4．差别计件工资制是（）的内容之一。 A．泰罗的科学管理理论B．法约尔的一般管理理论 C．韦伯的行政管理理论D．现代管理理论 5．没有一个固定的信息中心，成员之间总是互相传递信息的是（） A．园型沟通B．Y型沟通 C．全通道型沟通D．轮型沟通 6. 根据计划的明确性，可以将计划分为（） A．长期计划、中期计划和短期计划B．战略性计划和战术性计划 C．具体性计划和指导性计划D．程序性计划和非程序性计划
7．（）是指企业在计划期内反映有预计现金收支、经营成果和财务状况的预算。 A．经营预算B．投资预算 C．财务预算D．成本预算 8．目标的制定要有一定的高度和难度，这体现了目标的（） A. 差异性B．层次性 C. 时间性D．先进性 9．某企业制造并销售单一成品，固定成本总额为60万元，产品售价为每件30元，单位变动成本为10元，该企业的盈亏平衡时的产量为（） A. 3000 B．2000 C. 30000 D．20000 10．按照决策的主体，可以将决策分为（） A. 长期决策和短期决策B．个体决策和群体决策 C. 程序化和非程序化决策D．确定型、风险型和不确定型决策 11．下列关于管理幅度与管理层次的描述正确的是（） A．管理幅度与管理层次共同决定组织规模 B. 为了保证管理效果，管理幅度越大越好 C．当组织规模一定时，管理幅度与管理规模成正比关系 D.管理幅度越窄，管理层次就越多，组织结构就呈扁平型 12．如何留住人才、减少人才的流失、发挥人才优势，这体现的是领导艺术中的（） A．授权艺术B．决策艺术 C．用人艺术D．创新艺术 13．对应试者进行全面的考核和考察，避免以偏概全，这是指人员招聘和选拔原则中的（） A．全面考核原则B．公开招聘原则 C．择优录取原则D．公平竞争原则 14．一个企业的精神文化是指（） A．厂容厂貌B．职工风貌 C．沉淀于企业职工心里的意识形态D．产品形象 15．领导生命周期理论是（）的典型代表 A．领导特质理论B．领导行为理论