高中名词性从句讲解及练习

名词性从句

主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。这四种从句与主句间不用逗号。

一．名词性从句连接词的选用可分为三类：

1.that在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不充当成分，也没有实际意义。

That he will come is certain.

I think that he’ll be all right in a few days.

The fact is that I have never been there.

The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us.

2.whether/if 在名词性从句中有“是否”之意，但不充当成分。附

Whether/if区分：在宾语从句中可互换，但介词和discuss后的宾语从

句用whether; 其它名词性从句用whether；可以说whether to do 但不

能说if to do ;可说whether / if……or not, whether or not ，不能说if or

not.

Whether she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

:

I wonder whether/ if it is true.

The question is whether it is worth doing.

They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.

I don’t know whether or not they will come.(不能用if or not)

I don’t’ know if / whether they will come or not.

另外别忘了if可引导条件状语从句。试比较：

Please let me know if you want to go.

Please let me know whether you want to go.

3.其它连接词的选用遵循：“缺什么，补什么”的原则。缺状语，补连接

副词where, when, why, how; 缺主语，宾语，表语，定语，补连接代词：

who, whom, what, which, whose.

Where she has gone is not known yet.

\

Why he did it wasn’t quite clear.

How he became a great scientist is known to us all.

I don’t know where we are going to have the meeting.

Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.

This is why he is late.

I have no idea when he will come back.

I really don’t know what he is doing.

Which side will win is not clear.

That is what he is worried about.

Do you know who/whom they are waiting for.

;

He asked whose dictionary it was.

二．名词性从句应该注意的。

1.名词性从句用陈述语序。注意what is the matter with…….被看作陈述语

序。如：Do you know what is the matter with him 不能用Do you know

what the matter is with him

2.同位语从句和定语从句的区分：同位语从句对其前边的名词起解释补

充说明,可译为“既;那就是”;定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,译为“┉的”;that 引导的定语从句在从句中要充当成分,作宾语,表语可省略;

而that引导的同位语从句只起引导作用,不充当成分,不能省略.

The suggestion (that )our teacher gave us sounds OK.

The suggestion that we should arrange our time scientifically sounds OK. The news (that) you heard is not true.

The news that Lincoln was murdered at a theatre is true.

The fact that you pointed out made me interested .

The fact that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all.

3.（

4.名词性从句中的what 可改为定语从句the thing(s)/ person(s) that;

whatever可改为anything that, whoever 可改为anyone who

They are careful about what they eat.=They are careful about the things that they eat.

He is not what he used to be .=He is not the one that he used to be.

He would believe whatever I said.= He would believe anything that I said. Whoever leaves the room last should turn off the light.= Anyone who leaves the room last should turn off the light.

5.wh-ever 和no matter wh- 区分：引导让步状语从句，wh-ever可换为

no matter wh-, 引导名词性从句则不能。如：

Whatever I said , he wouldn’t listen to me.= No matter what I said , he wouldn’t listen to me.

6.名词性从句中that 的省略：宾语从句中的that 可以省略，但并列的

宾语从句只有第一个从句的that可以省略，第二个从句和第二个以后的that不能省；it作形式宾语的宾语从句that不能省;介词后的宾语从句的that不能省；表语从句中的that和it作形式主语的主语从句的that 在口语中偶有省略。同位语从句中的that不能省略。

7.reason或cause作主语以及why引导的主语从句作主语，其后的表语

从句连接词不用because，常用that，而且since和as不能引导表语从句。

—

Why farmland here is being lost is that farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years.

The reason for his being absence from the conference was that he was delayed by the accident.

8.宾语从句：

be+ sure / certain /glad / pleased / satisfied / surprised等也可接宾语从句。

I’m not sure what I should do.

I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.

宾语从句否定的转移：主句的主语是一人称，谓语是think、believe、suppose、expect、imagine等，对从句的否定习惯上要转移到主句上，