abilities as income inequality factor收入不平等因素
ability-to-pay theory of taxation税收偿付能力理论
absolute advantage绝对优势
absolute measure of poverty绝对意义上的贫困
ACH(Automated Clearing House Network)payments自动清算网络支付administered price操纵价格
ad valorem tariff从价税
advantage types compared比较优势
aggregate demand(AD)总需求
aggregate demand(AD)curve总需求曲线
aggregate expenditure(AE) 总支出
aggregate expenditure(AE) curve总支出曲线
aggregate supply(AS) 总供给
aggregate supply(AS) curve总供给曲线
agricultural employment农业就业
agricultural theories of business cycles农业理论的商业周期
airline deregulation航空管制
allocative efficiency配置效率
alternate minimum tax替代最低税
alternative energy替代能源
alternative uses of productive resources选择使用的生产性资源
American International Group(AIG) 美国国际集团
antitrust laws反垄断法
appreciation升值
appreciation of dollar美元升值
Argentina阿根廷
assumption假设
AT&T(American Telephone and Telegraph Company)美国电话电报公司automatic stabilizers自动稳定器
automatic transfer service(ATS)accounts自动转账的服务账户
average cost平均成本
average cost curve平均成本曲线
average cost pricing of natural monopoly regulation平均成本定价的自然垄断调控average fixed cost(AFC) 平均固定成本
average product(AP) 平均产出
average revenue(AR) 平均收入
average total cost(ATC) 平均总成本
average variable cost平均变动成本
balanced budget平衡预算
Balanced Budget Act平衡预算法案
balance of payments收支平衡
balance of trade贸易平衡
bankruptcy破产
banks and banking银行业务
Bear Stearns贝尔斯登
behavioral economics行为经济学
benefit-received theory of taxation利益收到税收理论
bilateral monopoly双边垄断
Bolivia玻利维亚
borrowing借贷
branch banking支行
break-even point保本点
Bretton Woods system布雷顿森林体系
budgetary policy预算政策
budgets预算
bundling捆绑
Bureau of Economic Analysis(BEA) 经济分析局
Bureau of Labor Statistics(BLS) 劳工统计局
Bureau of the Census人口统计局
Bush.George H.W. 布什·乔治
business cycle商业周期
business organization商业组织
Canada加拿大
capital资本
capital consumption allowance资本消费津贴
capital goods资本货物
cartels 卡特尔
Celler-Kefauver Anti-Merger Act Celler-Kefauver反合并法案Census Bureau人口普查局
chain weighted Consumption Price Index(CPI) 链加权消费价格指数checkable deposits支票存款
child care照顾孩子
China中国
choice选择
cigarette tax香烟税
circular flow of income循环流动的收入
Civil Aeronautics Board民用航空局
civilian labor force平民劳动力
classical analysis古典分析
Clayton Act克莱顿法案
Clinton克林顿
coincident indicators同步指标
command economy命令经济
commercial loan rates商业贷款利率
Common Market共同市场
communism共产主义
comparative advantage比较优势
competition竞争
competitive tactics竞争策略
complements补充
composite aggregate supply复合总供给
computer technology计算机技术
concentration ratio集中度
constant dollar GDP不变美元GDP
consumer goods消费品
Consumer Price Index(CPI) 消费者价格指数consumer protection消费者保护
consumers消费者
consumer surplus消费者剩余
consumption消费
consumption function消费函数
consumption tax消费税
contracting economy经济萎缩
contraction收缩
contractionary policies紧缩政策
contracts合同
cooperatives合作社
core inflation核心通货膨胀
corporations公司
cost curve成本曲线
cost-of-living adjustment生活费调整
cost-of-service theory服务成本理论
cost-push inflation成本推动型通货膨胀
costs成本
credit信贷
credit restraints信贷限制
crowding out排挤
currency货币
current account经常账户
current dollar GDP当前美元GDP
cyclical fluctuations周期性波动
cyclical unemployment周期性失业
Dartmouth College case达特茅斯学院案例
debit借方
debt ceiling债务上限
Debt Collection Improvement Act债务收集改进法案debt financing债务融资
defense industries国防工业
deferred payment延期付款
deficit budget赤字预算
deficits赤字
deflation通货紧缩
demand需求
demand curve需求曲线
demand-pull inflation通货膨胀
demand schedule需求计划
denationalization非国有化
deportation驱逐出境
Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act存款机构放松管制和货币控制法案
depreciation折旧
depreciation of dollar贬值的美元
depression抑郁
deregulation放松管制
derived demand派生需求
devaluation贬值
devaluation of dollar贬值的美元
developing nations发展中国家
direct deposit payment直接存款支付
direct tax直接税
dirty float肮脏浮动
discounting rate贴现利率
discouraged workers气馁工人
discrimination歧视
diseconomies of scale规模不经济
disinflation通货紧缩
disposable personal income个人可支配收入
distribution分布
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act多德-弗兰克华尔街改革法案
dollar美元
double coincidence of wants双巧合的希望
double-dip recession双底衰退
dumping倾销
duopoly双头垄断
EBT光大通信
economic efficiency经济效率
economic goods经济货物
economic growth经济增长
economic liberalism经济自由主义
Economic Opportunity Act经济机会法案
economic policy经济政策
economic profit经济利润
economics经济学
economic stabilization经济稳定
economic stabilizers经济稳定剂
economic systems经济系统
economic theory经济理论
economic welfare经济福利
economies of scale规模经济
economizing节约
education as income inequality factor教育是收入不平等因素efficiency效率
elasticity of demand需求弹性
elasticity of supply供给弹性
electronic banking电子银行
electronic payments电子支付
embargoes禁运
employed people雇用人
employment就业
enterprise企业
entrepreneur企业家
entrepreneurial skill创业技能
equal distribution of income平等的收入分配
equality-of-sacrifice doctrine牺牲的平等主义
equilibrium平衡
equilibrium output平衡输出
equilibrium price均衡价格
equitable distribution of income公平的收入分配
escape clause例外条款
euro currency欧元货币
Eurodollars欧洲美元
European Coal and Steel Company欧洲煤钢公司European Common Market欧洲共同市场
European Community(EC) 欧洲共同体
European economic integration欧洲经济一体化
European Monetary Union(EMU) 欧洲货币联盟European Union欧盟
exchange交换
exchange controls外汇管制
exchange rate汇率
excise taxes消费税
exclusive dealing独家经营
expanding economy扩大经济
expansion扩张
expansionary policies扩张性政策
explicit costs明显成本
Export-Import Bank进出口银行
exports出口
export subsidies出口补贴
external costs of production外部生产成本
external forces外部力量
Fair Labor Standards Act公平劳动标准法案
Fallacy of composition合成谬误
Family家庭
Fannie Mae房利美
Fascism法西斯主义
Federal Advisory Council联邦顾问委员会
federal excise taxes联邦消费税
federal funds market联邦基金市场
Federal Open Market Committee(FOMC) 联邦公开市场委员会Federal Reserve Act联邦储备法案
Federal Reserve Board美国联邦储备委员会
Federal Reserve member banks美国联邦储备委员会会员银行Federal Reserve System:联邦储备系统
Federal Spending联邦政府开支
Federal Taxs联邦税
Federal Trade Commission联邦贸易委员会
Female Workers女职工
Fiat Money不能兑换的纸币
Final Sales最终销售
Financial Account金融账户
Financial capital金融资本
Financial institution bailouts金融机构救助
Financial Services Modernization金融服务现代化法案Financing融资
First degree price discrimination一级价格歧视
Fiscal drag财政拖累
Fiscal policy财政政策
Fiscal stimulus财政刺激
Fixed Costs 固定成本
Flat tax单一税
Foreign exchange外汇
Four-sector economy四部门经济
Freddie Mac房地美
Free goods免税品
Free trade自由贸易
Fictional unemployment摩擦性失业
FTC联邦贸易委员会
Full employment充分就业
Full-time employment全日制工作
Functional distribution of income功能性所得分配Functional distribution of resource功能分配的资源
G
Game Theory:博弈论
GDP implicit price deflator GDP隐式价格平减指数
Gender性别
General agreement on tariff and trade关税及贸易总协定
General theory of employment,interest and money就业、利息、货币通论Germany德国
Gini Coefficient:基尼指数
Gini index基尼系数
Glass-steagall act格拉斯-斯蒂格尔法案
Global economy全球经济
Goal outflow目标流出
Gold standard黄金标准
Goods货物
Google谷歌
Government政府
Government budget政府预算
Government intervention政府干预
Government-regulated markets管制市场
Government role in U.S economy政府在经济中的角色
Government surplus政府盈余
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act格拉姆?拉德曼?霍林斯法
Great Britain英国
Great depression大萧条
Great recession大衰退
GDP国内生产总值
GNP国民生产总值
Group of five五国集团
Group of seven七国集团
H
Herfindahl Index:赫芬达尔指数
Home banking家庭银行服务业务
Hong kong香港
Households家户
Housing bust楼市泡沫
Human capital人力资本
Hurricane kattina卡特琳娜飓风
Hyperinflation恶性通货膨胀
I
Immigration移民
Imperfect product competition不完全产品竞争
Implicit Costs:隐性成本
Imports进口
Income收入
Income distribution收入分配
Income-expenditure analysis收入支出分析
Income inequality收入不平等
Income mobility收入流动性
India印度
Indirect tax间接税
Individual demand个人需求
Individual supply个人供给
Industry行业
Inelastic无弹性的
Infant industries幼稚产业
Inflation通货膨胀
Information technology信息技术
Injections into circular flow of income注入循环流动的收入Innovation theory of business cycles创新理论的商业周期Input examples输入示例
Interest payment on national debt在国家债务的利息支付Interest rate利率
Interlocking directories联锁目录
Internal force内力
International monetary fund国际货币基金组织International trade国际贸易
Interstate banking州际银行
Investment投资
Invisible hand of competition看不见的手的竞争
J
Japan日本
J.P. Morgan JP摩根
K
Kellogg Company凯洛格公司
Keynes analysis凯恩斯分析
Kinked demand curve弯折的需求曲线
Kuwaiti oil crisis科威特石油危机
L
Labor劳动
Labor force劳动力
Labor laws劳动法
Labor market discrimination劳动市场歧视
Labor supply劳动供给
Lagging indicators滞后指标
Laissez-faire不干涉主义
Land土地
Latin American拉丁美洲
Law of demand需求定律
Law of diminishing marginal productivity边际生产率递减规律Law of increasing cost成本递增规律
Law of supply供给定律
Leading indicators领先指标
Leakages泄漏
Lehman brothers雷曼兄弟
Leisure闲暇
Licensing许可
Liquidity流动性
Liquidity trap流动性陷阱
Lorenz curve洛伦茨曲线
Losses损失
M
M1:(通常指包括流通货币和活期存款的)货币供应量
M2:商业银行的定期存款加上M1
Macroeconomics:宏观经济学
Mail delivery邮递
Maquiladoras边境加工厂
Marginal analysis边际分析
Marginal cost边际成本
Marginal cost curve边际成本曲线
Marginal opportunity cost边际机会成本
Marginal product边际产品
Marginal productivity边际产出
Marginal productivity curve边际生产力曲线
Marginal propensity to save边际储蓄倾向
Marginal revenue边际收益
Marginal revenue product边际收益产品
Market demand市场需求
Market economy市场经济
Market mechanism市场机制
Market price市场价格
Market structure市场结构
Market supply市场供应
Marshall马歇尔
Mastricht agreement垂克条约
Mathematics数学
Merchandise trade商品贸易
Medical care医疗保健
Member banks联邦储备银行之会员银行
Mergers合并
Metallic money金属货币
Mexico墨西哥
Microsoft微软
Minimum wage最低工资
Mixed economy混合经济
Monetarists货币主义者
Monetarist school货币学派
Monetary control act货币控制法案
Monetary policy货币政策
Monetary theories of business cycles货币理论的商业周期Money货币
Money market funds货币市场基金
Money multiplier货币乘数
Money stock货币存量
Money supply货币供应
Monopolistic competition垄断性竞争
Monopoly垄断
Monopoly price垄断价格
Monopsony买方垄断
Moral hazard道德风险
Moral suasion道义劝告
Mortgage role in housing bust抵押贷款在房地产泡沫破裂的角色Most-favored nation clause最惠国条款
Multiplier乘数
Multiplier effect乘数效应
N
National Bureau of economic research国民经济调查局
National debt国家债务
National income国民收入
National income account国民收入帐户
National sales taxs全国销售税
Natural catastrophes自然灾害
Natural gas industry天然气行业
Natural monopolies自然垄断
Natural resources自然资源
Net exports净出口
Net national product国民生产净值
New classical school新古典学派
New deal新政(美国总统罗斯福的国内政策和政府)
Nominal GDP名义GDP
Noncash payments非现金支付
Nonmonetary transactions非货币交易
Nonpersonal time accounts无人时间账户
Nontariff barriers to trade非关税贸易壁垒
Normal profit正常利润
Normative economics规范经济学
North American Free Trade Agreement北美自由贸易协议
Not in the labor force不属于劳动力
NOW account可转让存单帐户
O
Obama奥巴马
Occupational segregation职业隔离
Offshore outsourcing离岸外包
Oil石油
Older workers年长工人
Oligopolist’s dilemma寡头困境
Oligopoly寡头垄断
Oligopsony寡头买主垄断
OPEC石油输出国家组织
Open-market operations公开市场操作
“Open Skies Agreement” 开放天空协议
Opportunity cost机会成本
Optimal scale of operation最佳经营规模
Organized labor劳工组织
Organized workers 劳工团体
Output产出
P
Paper money纸币
Paradox of thrift节俭悖论
Partnerships伙伴关系
Part-time employment非全日制就业
Patents专利
Peak顶峰
Per capita gross domestic product人均国内生产总值
Per capita output人均产出
Perfect competition完全竞争
Perfect discrimination完全价格歧视
Perfectly competitive product and labor markets完全竞争产品和劳动力市场
Perfect monopoly完全垄断
Personal income个人收入
Personal income tax个人所得税
Phillips curve菲利普斯曲线
Physical causes of business cycle物理原因的商业周期
Planned investment计划投资
Planned saving计划储蓄
Playing field 运动场
Population size change人口规模变化
Positive economics实证经济学
Poverty贫困
Preauthorized electronic bill payment预先授权电子账单付款Predatory pricing掠夺性价格
Price价格
Price Ceiling:价格上限
Price controls: 价格管制
Price Discrimination:价格歧视
Price Elasticity of Demand:需求的价格弹性
Price Elasticity of Supply:供给的价格弹性
Price Floor:价格下限
Price Index:价格指数
Price Level changes:价格水平变化
Prime rate: 最低货款利率
Principle of diminishing marginal productivity:边际产品递减规律Principle of diminishing marginal returns:边际收益递减规律Prisoner’s dilemma: 囚徒困境
Privatization:私有化
Producer price index:生产者价格指数
Producer surplus:生产者剩余
Product curve:产品线
Product differentiation:产品差异化
Production:产量
Production function:生产函数
Production possibilities curve:生产可能性曲线
Production possibilities model:生产可能性模型
Productive resources:生产资源
Productivity:生产力
Profit:利润
Progressive tax rate:累进税率
Proportional standard of taxation:比例课税标准
Proportional tax rate:比例税率
Protectionism:贸易保护制度
Psychological theory of business cycles:心理的经济周期理论Public assistance:公共援助
Public good:公共物品
Public utilities:公用事业
Public works:公共工程
Pump priming expenditures:
Q
Quantitative easing:量化宽松
Quantity:数量
Quantity demanded:需求数量
Quantity supplied:供给数量
Quantity theory of money:货币数量论
R
Race:竞争
Random fluctuations:随机波动
Rational behavior:理性行为
Rational expectations theory of business cycles:理性预期的经济周期理论Raw materials:原材料
Real business cycles:实际经济周期
Real causes of business cycles:经济周期的真实原因
Real GDP:实际国内生产总值
Real income:实际收入
Real output:实际产量
Real per capita disposable income:人均实际可支配收入
Recession:经济衰退
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act:互惠贸易协定法
Regressive tax rate:累退税率
Relative measure of poverty:贫困的应对措施
Representative money:纸币
Reservation price:保留价格
Reservation wage:保留工资
Reserve Banks:储蓄银行
Resource costs:资源成本
Resource income:资源收益
Revaluation:升值
Revenue:收益
Revenue curve:收益曲线
Revenue Reconciliation Act: 税收协调法案
Revenue schedule:关税表
Riegle-Neal Act:里格尔法案
Robinson-Patman Act:鲁滨逊-帕特曼法案
Roughly coincident indicators:大体同步指标
S
Sales revenue:规模收益
Saving:储蓄
Saving function:储蓄函数
Savings deposits:储蓄存款
Say’s law: 萨伊定律
SBC Communications:SBC通信
Scarcity:稀缺
Science:科学
Seasonal variations:季节性波动
Second degree price discrimination:二级价格歧视Securities:有价证劵
Self-employed:个体经营
Self-interest as economic motivating force:
Service-oriented jobs:
Services:服务
Settlement account:结算账户
Sherman Antitrust Act: 谢尔曼反托拉斯法
Short run:短期
Simple monopoly:
Skilled workers: 技术工人
Smart cards:智能卡
Smith 斯密
Social cost of production:产品社会成本
Social Insurance taxes:社会保险税Socialism:社会主义
Social science:社会科学
Social Security:社会保障
Social Security Act:社会保障法
Social Security system:社会保障体系
Social Security taxes:社会保险税
Sole proprietorships:独资经营
Special drawing rights:特别提款权Specialization:专业化
Specific tariff:从量税
Spending 支出
Spending causes of business cycle:
Stagflation:滞胀
Standard of living:生活标准
Standard Oil Company case: 美孚石油公司情况Statistical discrepancy:统计误差
Stimulus tax refund:
Stored value cards:储值卡
Structural unemployment:结构性失业Substitutes:替代
Substitution effect:替代效应
Supply:供给
Supply curve:供给曲线
Supply schedule:供给表
Supply-side economics:供给经济学
Surplus:过剩
Surplus budget:预算过剩
T
Tariff quota:关税配额
Tariffs:关税制度
Taste and preferences:消费者偏好
Tax:税
Taxation:税收
Tax base:税基
Tax burden:税负
Tax rate:税率
Tax reduction: 减税
Tax shifting:税负转嫁
Technical barriers to free trade:技术性自由贸易壁垒Technology:技术
Telecommunications:电信学Telecommunications advances:电信发展
Term Auction Facility:定期拍卖安排
Third degree price discrimination:三级价格歧视Time deposits:定期存款
Total cost:总成本
Total economy:经济总量
Total economy:经济总量
Total income:总收入
Total labor force:劳动力总数
Total output:总产量
Total product:总产品
Total revenue:总收益
Total revenue method:总收入法
Total spending:总支出
Trade:贸易
Traditional economy:传统经济
Transaction accounts:交易帐户存款Transactions approach:交易方式
Transfer payments:转移支付
Treasury Department:财政部
Treatise on Political Economy:政治经济学论文Trend:趋势
Trough:低谷
Trucking:货车运输业
Two-sector economy:两部门经济
U
Underconsumption theories:消费需求不足理论Underground economy:地下经济Underinvestment theory:投资理论Unemployed labour force:失业劳动力Unemployed people:失业人员Unemployment: 失业
Unemployment rate: 失业率
Unions:工会
United States:美国
Unit elastic demand:单位弹性需求
Unskilled labor:非熟练劳动力
Unskilled workers:非熟练工人
U.S. Department of Justice: 美国司法部
U.S. jobs: 美国工作
U.S. Postal Service: 美国邮政服务
U.S. Supreme Court: 美国最高法院
U.S. wages: 美国工资
V
Value: 价值
Value added: 附加值
Value-added tax: 增值税
Variable costs: 可变成本
W
Wage control: 工资管制
Wages: 工资
Walmart: 沃尔玛
War: 战争
War on poverty program: 扶贫计划
Wartime inflation: 战时通货膨胀
Wealth: 财富
Welfare-to-work: 以工代赈
Wildcat banking pericd:
World Bank: 世界银行
World Trade Organization: 世贸组织
Z
Zimbabwe: 津巴布韦
EUROPEAN COMMISSION 欧盟委员会 HEALTH AND CONSUMERS DIRECTORATE-GENERAL 卫生与消费者协会 Public Health and Risk Assessment 公共卫生与风险评估 Pharmaceuticals 药品 Brussels, SANCO/C8/AM/sl/ares(2010)1064599 EudraLex The Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Union 欧盟药品生产规范 Volume 4 卷4 Good Manufacturing Practice Medicinal Products for Human and Veterinary Use 人用与兽用药品良好生产管理规范 Annex 11: Computerised Systems 附件11:计算机系统 Legal basis for publishing the detailed guidelines: Article 47 of Directive 2001/83/EC on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use and Article 51 of Directive 2001/82/EC on the Community code relating to veterinary medicinal products. This document provides guidance for the interpretation of the principles and guidelines of good manufacturing practice (GMP) for medicinal products as laid down in Directive 2003/94/EC for medicinal products for human use and Directive 91/412/EEC for veterinary use. 依法发布的具体指导方针:2001/83/EC第47条人用药品规范和2001/82/EC第51条兽用药品规范。此文件为2003/94/EC人用药品和91/412/EEC兽用药品GMP法规、指导方针的解释提供了指导。 Status of the document: revision 1 文件版本:修订本1 Reasons for changes: the Annex has been revised in response to the increased use of computerised systems and the increased complexity of these systems. Consequential amendments are also proposed for Chapter 4 of the GMP Guide. 修订原因:为增强计算机系统的功能和复杂性而修订此附件。相应修正案也已被提议作为GMP指南的第4章。 Deadline for coming into operation: 30 June 2011 生效时间:2011年6月30日
附录1 常用基本词汇表 英文名词中文名词解释 A(Adenine)腺嘌呤作为碱基的两种嘌呤中的一种。 active site活化位点蛋白质三维表面催化作用发生的区域。 alignment比对为了确定两个同源核酸或蛋白质序列的累计差 异而进行的配对称为比对。 alignment of alignments比对的比对即比对的对象不是简单的序列,而是序列的比 对。 alleles等位基因一个基因的不同版本。 alpha carbonα碳在氨基酸中与侧链(R-基团)相连的中心碳原子。 alternative splicing可变剪接从一个单独的hnRNA生成两个或多个mRNA 分子的过程。 amino terminus (N-terminal)氨基端(N端)在一个多肽中,具有自由氨基的分子端,对应 于基因的5’-端。 anti-parallel反向平行表示相反的方向;在双链DNA中,这意味着如果 一条链是5' 到3'的,则其互补链方向是3' 到 5'的。 backbone (of an amino acid) (氨基酸的)骨架包含一个氨基,一个α碳和一个羧酸或羧基。base pair 碱基对(1)在双链DNA中嘌呤和嘧啶之间的相互作用 (特别指A和T之间,G和C之间);(2)双链 DNA序列长度的基本单位。 beta turnsβ转角在反向平行的β折叠片中,当β链反转方向的时 候蛋白质内部形成的U型结构。 Bioinformatics 生物信息学应用信息科学的理论、方法和技术,管理、分析 和利用生物分子数据。 Biocomputing生物计算本书中特指用计算机技术分析和处理生物分子 数据。
家用电器英语Home appliances 1:电视机: LCD TV/liquid crystal display television液晶电视 Wall hung Plasma TV 壁挂式等离子电视 ACTV- advanced compatible television 与普通电视兼容的高清晰度电视系统 数字电视按照清晰度分为4档:高清晰度HDTV(High-definition television)、增强清晰度EDTV(Enhanced-definition television)、标准清晰度SDTV(Standard-definition television)、普通清晰度PDTV(pure digital television). 等离子电视:PDP(Plasma Display Panel TV) 液晶电视: LCD( Liquid Crystal Display TV) 数字电视(Digital TV,简称DTV) 机顶盒:set-top box 液晶电视Plasma TV 背投电视Projection TV 平板电视Flat Panel TV CRT电视:CRT:Cathode Ray Tube纯平显示器 黑白电视机monochrome television/black-and-white TV 彩色电视Color TV: 双声道stereo: 2:关于冰箱的词汇: 电冰箱对开门样式free standing side by side/French Door 电冰箱的双开门样式top freezer 3:关于洗衣机的词汇: 波轮式全自动洗衣机automatic impeller washing machine 前开式滚筒洗衣机front loader washing machine 顶装式洗衣机 top loaded washing machine 4:其它家电: Vertical Disinfection Cabinetffice 消毒碗柜 Household Gas Stove 煤气炉 Smoke Exhauster 抽油烟机 Range hood 抽油烟机 stove 炉子 toaster 烤面包机 air exhauster抽气机 Soya-bean milk Grinder 豆浆机 Food Blender 搅拌机 Juice extractor 榨汁机 Filter Purifier 净水器 Water Dispenser 饮水机 DVD: Digital Versatile Disc fluorescent lamp 日光灯 flashlight 手电筒
常用的前缀和后缀,部分国家(或地区)、语言、国民及国籍表,洲名及常见缩写词 一、常用的前缀和后缀 1、常用前缀 aero-:concerning the air of aircraft plane-aeroplane 飞机 space-aerospace 航空空间 anti-:against;opposite of nuclear-antinuclear 反对核武器的 matter-antimatter反物质 war-antiwar反战的 auto-:of or by oneself biography传记–autobiography自传 criticism批评-autocriticism自我反省 be-:to treat as the stated thing friend-befriend以朋友的方式对待;照顾 little-belittle使显得微小,轻视、贬低 bi-:two;twice;double lingual-bilingual 双语的;人 cycle-bicycle bio-:concerning living things chemistry-biochemistry生化 sphere-biosphere 生物圈 by-,bye-:less important produce-by-produce way-byway偏僻小路;学科的次要领域,冷门 centi-:hundredth part grade-centigrade ?摄氏meter-centimeter 厘米 co-:together,with author-coauthor合著者,合著 exist-coexist 同时共存、和平共处 col-:( used before l ) together,with location-collocation排列,配置,词的搭配 com-:( used before b,m,p ) together,with passion-compassion 怜悯、同情 con-:together,with centric-concentric同一中心的、同轴 federation-confederation结盟同盟,联邦 contra-:opposite diction-contradiction 矛盾、否定反驳 natural-contranatural违背自然的 cor-:( used before r ) together,with relate-correlate 有相关性 respond-correspond 相符合相一致,相当类似通信counter-:opposite act-counteract 对抗、抵消 attack-counterattack 反攻、反击 cross-:across;going between the stated things and joining them country-crosscountry越野的 breed-crossbreed杂种,使杂交de-:showing an opposite;to remove;to reduce code-decode 译码、解码、分析电子信号 value-devalue 贬值,贬低 dis-:not;the opposite of advantage-disadvantage 不利、劣势、短处 agree-disagree不同意、不一致、不适合 honest-dishonest 不诚实、不老实 em-:( used before b,m,p ) to cause to become body-embody 表现、象征;包括、包含 power-empower 授权、准许 en-:to cause to become;to make danger-endanger 危及、使遭受危险 large-enlarge 扩大、扩充放大 ex-:former ( and still living ) minister-ex-minister v辅助; 服侍,部长 wife-ex-wife 前妻 extra-:outside;beyond curricular-extracurricular 学校课程以外的 ordinary-extraordinary 奇怪;特别;额外,临时fore-:in advance,before;in or at the front arm-forearm前臂,预先武装 warn-forewarn 预先警告;事先告知 il-:( used before l ) not legal-illegal 非法literate-illiterate 目不识丁、文盲的im-:( used before b,m,p ) not moral-immoral 不道德、邪恶;放荡的 possible-impossible 不可能、办不到的;很难接受 in-:not direct-indirect 间接地,婉转的 sensitive-insensitive 感觉迟钝,不友好的;麻木infra-:below in a range;beyond red-infrared 红外线的 structure—infrastructure 基础设施,基础结构 inter-:between;among change—interchange 互换、互易;交替变换national—international 国际的 intra-:inside,within;into city—intracity市内的 department--intra-department ir-:(used before r)not regular—irregular 不对称、不规则的;不定期的responsible—irresponsible 不负责 kilo-:thousand gram—kilogram千克meter--kilometer千米macro-:large,esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of economics—macroeconomics 宏观经济学structure—macrostructure宏观结构 mal-:bad or badly function—malfunction 故障,障碍 treat—maltreat 虐待、滥用
Annex 1 : Manufacture of Sterile Products无菌药品的生产 Document map 目录 8 Production and Specific Technologies生产与具体技术 (2) Terminally sterilized products 最终灭菌产品 (2) Aseptic preparation and processing 无菌准备和处理 (2) Finishing of sterile products无菌产品的最终处理 (6) Sterilization 灭菌 (8) Sterilization by heat 热力灭菌 (10) Moist heat sterilization 湿热灭菌 (11) Dry heat sterilization 干热灭菌 (13) Sterilization by radiation 辐射灭菌 (15) Sterilization with ethylene oxide环氧乙烷灭菌 (15) Filter sterilization of products which cannot be sterilized in their final container非最终灭菌药品的无菌过滤 (16) Form-Fill-Seal 成型-灌-封 (20) Blow-Fill-Seal 吹-灌-封 (20) Lyophilization 冻干 (22) Closed systems 密封系统 (23) Single use systems (SUS) 一次性使用系统 (24) 9 Viable and non-viable environmental & process monitoring 活性和非活性环境和工艺监测 (26) General 综述 (26) Environmental monitoring 环境检测 (26) Environmental monitoring- non-viable particles 非活性粒子的环境检测 (27) Environmental and personnel monitoring-viable particles 环境和人员的监测—活粒子 (29) Aseptic process simulation (APS) (also known as media fill) 无菌模拟灌装 (31) 10 Quality Control (QC) 质量控制 (38) Glossary 术语 (40)
2014年英语口语必备2000词汇表 亲爱的各位同学,你只需要熟练背诵以下2000个英语分类词汇,即可轻松确保获得雅思口语单项6分以上的分数。你也可以轻松实现与老外的自由交谈。 目录 1、姓名与个人介绍 2、教育背景 3、家庭 4、天气 5、职业 6、环境污染 7、语言 8、科技 9、地点与城市 10、公园 11、广告 12、交通运输 13、移民与留学 14、音乐 15、图书馆 16、住宅 17、体育与健身 18、旅游 19、业余时间 20、食品与烹饪 21、宠物 22、婚礼庆典 23、朋友 24、年龄代沟 25、电影电视 26、购物 27、社会问题
姓名与个人介绍 确认confirm 市city 全名full name 直辖市municipality 姓surname/last/family name 县county 名first name 住宅电话home phone 身份证明identification/ID 专区prefecture 出生地birth place 自治区autonomous region 笔名pen name 民族;国籍nationality 别名alias 目前住址current address 姓名name 国籍citizenship 英寸inch (in.) 籍贯native place 英尺feet (ft.) 邮政编码postal code 厘米centimeter 双重国籍duel citizenship 街street 健康状况health condition 路road
健康状况health 区district (身体)极佳excellent 门牌house number 近视short-sighted 胡同,巷lane 远视far-sighted 年龄age 身份证ID card 身高height 会长president 血型bloodtype 副会长vice-president 体重weight 理事director 地址address 常务理事standing director 生于(地点/时间)born in/at 社团society 永久住址permanent address 协会association 生日birthday 秘书长secretary-general 出生日期birthdate 研究会research society 省province 坦率的frank 温柔体贴的gentle and understanding 好学的hardworking
1.有能力的adj. ______________ 能力n. ______________ 使能够v. ______________ 2.行动v. ______________ 男演员n. ______________ 女演员n. ______________ 积极的adj. ______________ 活动n. ______________ 3.增加加v. ______________ 增加n. ______________ 4.优势n. ______________ 缺点n. ______________ 5.活着的adj.______________ 生活v.______________ 生命n. ______________ 6.娱乐n. ______________ 引起乐趣的adj. ______________ 7.美国n. ______________ 美国人,美国的n./adj. ______________ 10. 生气的adj. ______________ 生气地a dv. ______________ 11. 出现v. ______________ 消失v. ______________ 12. 艺术v.______________ 艺术家n. ______________ 13. 吸引v. ______________ 有吸引力的adj. ______________ 景点n. ______________ 14. 澳大利亚n. ______________ 澳大利亚人;澳大利亚的n./adj. _____ 18. 开始v.______________ 开端n. ______________ 19. 好的;好地adj./adv. ______________ 更好adj. ______________ 最好adj. ______________22. 英国n. ______________ 英国人;英国的n./adj. ______________ 23. 建造v. ______________ 大楼n. ______________ 重建v. ______________ 24. 忙碌的a. ______________ 生意n. ______________ 商人n______________ 女商人n.. ______________ 25. 加拿大n. ______________ 加拿大人;加拿大的n./adj. __________ 26. 关心;照料n./v. ______________ 小心的;仔细的adj. ______________ 小心地;仔细地adv. ______________ 27. 变化;改变n./v. ______________ 多变的adj. ______________ 交换v. ______________ 28. 化学物质n./adj. ______________ 化学的n. ______________ 29. 孩子n. ______________ 童年n. ______________ 30. 中国n.______________ 中国人;汉语;中国的n./adj. _______ 31. 选择n. ______________ 选择v. ______________ 32. 城市n. ______________ 公民n. ______________ 35. 云n.______________ 多云的adj. ______________ 36. 收集v. ______________ 收集n. ______________ 37. 完成;完全的v./adj______________ 完全地;完整地adv. ______________ 39. 穿过v. ______________ 穿过prep. ______________ 40. 危险n.______________ 危险地adj. ______________
(附录Ⅰ制剂通则) Appendix ⅠGeneral Requirements for Prearations (丸剂)Ⅰ A Pills 丸剂系指药材细粉或药材提取物加适宜的黏合剂或其他辅料制成的珠形或类球形制剂,分为蜜丸、水蜜九、水丸、糊丸、蜡丸和浓缩丸等类型。 Pills are spherical or spherical-like solid dosage forms made of finely powdered crude drugs or crude drug extracts, proper binders or other excipients. They are classified into honeyed pills, water-honeyed pills, watered pills, pasted pills, concentrated pills waxed pills and concentrated pills etc. 蜜丸系指药材细粉以蜂蜜为黏合剂制成的丸剂。其中每丸重量在 0.5g( 含 0.5g)以上的称大蜜丸,每丸重量在0.5以下的称小蜜丸。 Honeyed pills are made of fine powder of crude drugs, using honey as binder. Among them, pills weighing more than 0.5g (including 0.5g) per pill are big honeyed pills, pills weighing less than 0.5g per pill are small honeyed pills. 水蜜丸系指药材细粉以蜂蜜和水为黏合剂制成的丸剂。 Water-honeyed pills are made of fine powder of crude drugs, using honey and water as binders. 水丸系指药材细粉以水(或根据制法用黄酒、醋、稀药汁、糖液等)为黏合剂制成的丸剂。 Watered pills are made of fine powder of crude drugs, using water (or yellow rice wine, vinegar, dilute medicinal juice, dilute syrup) as binder. 糊丸系指药材细粉以米粉、米糊或面糊等为黏合资剂制成的丸剂。 Pasted pills are made of fine powder of crude drugs, using rice powder rice-paste or flour-paste as binder. 蜡丸系指药材细粉以蜂蜡为黏合剂制成的丸剂。 Waxed pills are made of fine powder of crude drugs, using beeswax as binder. 浓缩丸系指药材或部分药材提取浓缩后,与适宜的辅料或其余药材细粉,以水、蜂蜜或蜂蜜和水为黏合剂制成的丸剂。根据所用黏合剂的不间,分为浓缩水丸、浓缩蜜丸和浓缩水蜜丸。 Concentrated pills are made of condensed extract of crude drugs or partial crude drugs, mixing with appropriate excipient or fine powder of other crude drugs, using water, honey or honey and water as binders. They may be classified into concentrated watered pills,
二、软件类(Software) ANSI美国国家标准协会 able 能 active file 活动文件 add watch 添加监视点 all files 所有文件 allrightsreserved 所有的权力保留altdirlst 切换目录格式andotherinFORMation 以及其它的信息archivefileattribute 归档文件属性assignto 指定到 autoanswer 自动应答 autodetect 自动检测 autoindent 自动缩进 autosave 自动存储 available on volume 该盘剩余空间 bad command 命令错 bad command or filename 命令或文件名错batch parameters 批处理参数 binary file 二进制文件 binary files 二进制文件 Borland international borland国际公司
bottommargin 页下空白 bydate 按日期 byextension 按扩展名 byname 按名称 bytesfree 字节空闲 callstack 调用栈 casesensitive 区分大小写 centralpointsoftwareinc central point 软件股份公司changedirectory 更换目录 changedrive 改变驱动器 changename 更改名称 characterset 字符集 checkingfor 正在检查 chgdrivepath 改变盘/路径 chooseoneofthefollowing 从下列中选一项 clearall 全部清除 clearallbreakpoints 清除所有断点 clearsanattribute 清除属性 clearscommandhistory 清除命令历史 clearscreen 清除屏幕 closeall 关闭所有文件 codegeneration 代码生成
英汉对照 工程常用词汇 AN USUAL ENGLISH-CHINESE VOCABULLARY IN ENGINEERING DESIGN (全册) 信息产业电子第十一设计研究院有限公司 技术质量部 二00三年七月
编制说明 《本英汉对照工程设计常用词汇》原编于1996年12月,收集了我院有关工程设计方面的常用词汇﹑词组和句子。现在原版的基础上重新进行了统编,为配合院办发[2003]96号《关于提高我院职工英语口语水平的强制性规定》,方便设计人员查阅,并在提高英语口语的同时,也不断提高阅读﹑翻译工程设计文件的能力和水平,以便更好地在工程设计中和外方顾客就技术问题进行有效地沟通与交流。该“词汇”虽然多达190页,但还需要不断补充和完善。技术质量部翻译组的同志将在以后继续做好这项工作。 技术质量部 2003年7月30日
目录 1.图面常用词汇 3 2.土建部分 21 3.给排水部分 61 4.气动部分 86 5.电气部分 96 6.暖通部分 72-85 126
工程设计图面常用词汇 CONCLISE ENGLISH OF DRAWING PACKAGE 总论GENERAL 图纸目录Drawing list 标准图目录Standard drawing list 典型图目录Typical drawing list 标准、规范目录Standard and regulation list 统一详图目录Uniform detail list 标准图集Standard drawing collection 设备清单Equipment list 材料表Material list 建筑物、构筑物一览表List of buildings and structures 施工进度表Schedule of construction 建筑构件表List of architectural members 管道及管件汇总表Summary of pipes and pipe fittings 楼面、屋面构造表Construction chart of floor and roof 各种管道数量表Bill of piping quantity 预埋件明细表Schedule of embedded elements 比例Scale 无比例、不按比例Not to scale 项目名称Project, item 标题栏Caption of drawing, drawing heading 图号Drawing no.(DWG NO.) 张号Page 序号No. 编号Code 型号Type 规格Specification 单位Unit 图例Legend
附录A EuroPean Tunnelling Review Quality,Environment and Safety Focus Bill Weburn (Vinci Construction Grands ProjetsF一92851,France) Abstract This paper provides an overview Of tunnelling projects with some of the themes covered by the Chengdu Tunnelling Conference. (a)Environmental issues and tunnels under high groundwater pressure((Hallandsas Rail Tunnel,Sweden) (b)Fire-fighting and tunnel safety on long highway tunnels(Socatop Tunnel,West Paris) (c)Mechanised tunnelling below the world’s largest airport (HeathrowTS)of a quality that avoids disruption to its operation. Each of these overviews show an enhanced performance in regard to projects specific events or objectives. Particularly,in tunnelling,project owners expect more than just a facility delivered on time for Iheir money: they expect an all roundperformance respecting deadlines,budget,environmental protection,safety,qualily and community harmony. Funding agencies do not always have the same agenda as project owners,acknowledging peripheral selection criteria but often demanding that the lowest bidder be awarded work. All round Performance requires all round project selection criteria. Hallandsas Rail Tunnel,Sweden The Hallandsas Rail Tunnel is located between Malmo and Gothenburg and is part of the Swedish high speed rail link between the Oresund crossing to Denmark and Oslo. Vinci Construction Grands Projets and Skanska are currently working in a joint venture to complete this tunnel,on which work had stopped during the 1905s, after damage to the environment had been sustained.
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《汉语》基本词汇表说明 词汇中最主要的部分是基本词汇,它和语法一起构成语言的基础。基本词汇是基本词的总和,它包含的词比较少,但很重要。它使用率高,生命力强。具有稳固性、能产性、全民常用性等特点。稳固性是指有的词汇在中华文化产生的较早时期即已开始使用,经历不同社会时代与文化,现在仍在使用并将继续使用的特性。如山、水、上、下、左、右等,有的随时代发展变成了多音节合成词,但词汇的基本构成要素是没变的,而且沿着基本词汇扩展,也是汉语词汇的基本发展规律之一。能产性是指以基本词作为语素创造出来的新词,最便于人们理解和接受,千百年流传下来的基本词,常常成为构成新词的基础,具有创生新词的能力。当然基本词汇中也有构词能力非常弱乃至没有构词能力的,如“你、我、姓、什么”等。全民常用性是指词汇的流行地域广、使用频率高,容易为全民族共同理解。这三个特点是针对基本词汇的整体来说的,并不是所有的基本词都具备这些特点。基本词汇可分为很多类型,下面作一个简单的分类提示。 有关自然界事物的:天、地、风、云、水、火等; 有关生产生活资料的:米、灯、菜、布、刀、笔、车、船等; 有关人体各部分的:心、头、手、脚、牙、血、嘴等; 有关亲属关系的:爷爷、奶奶、爸爸、妈妈、哥哥、弟弟、姐姐、妹妹等; 有关人或事物的行为、变化的:走、想、写、喜欢、发展等; 有关人或事物的性质、状态的:大、小、好、坏、美丽、快乐等; 有关指称和代替的:我、你、他、她、这、那、谁、什么、怎样等; 有关数量的:一、二……十、百、千、万、斤、两、尺、寸、元、角等; 有关程度、范围、关联、语气的:就、很、最、都、全、把、和、因为、所以、吗、了等。 除基本词汇之外,还有大量一般词汇,如学校里常用的课堂、自习、辅导、讲授、作业、考试等,它们不是基本词,但在特定的范围里却是交际的重要词汇。因此在选择词汇时类似的词语也会选入词汇表,而有的虽为基本词汇,但因为与现代生活联系相对弱一些,则从词表中删除了。同时,因个人的能力、眼界所限,难免有失误之处,敬请斟酌使用并谅解,更欢迎有老师提供建议。 此词表词汇来源为国侨办《汉语》教材第一版。节选出来的生词,学生应作为常用词强化记忆。黑体字词汇为教师须重点训练、讲解部分,其余生词由教师酌情处理。