非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形
一、复习各种时态的被动语态
★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done
（以the book , publish 为例）
一般现在/过去时：
The book is/ was published.
一般/过去将来时:
The book will/would be published.
The book is/was going to be published.
现在/过去进行时：
The book is/was being published.
现在/过去完成时:
The book has/had been published.
情态动词：
The book can/could/may/might…be published.
1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done
2）完成式：（not/ never）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）
三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:
They say that Mike is sick in bed.
=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.
=Mike is said to be sick in bed.
据说麦克卧床不起.
People believe that he was killed.
=It is believed that he was killed.
=He is believed to have been killed.
大家相信他被杀了.
四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done).
语法功能：
1．作主语：
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
2．作宾语：
She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.
3．构成复合宾语：
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.
4．构成复合谓语：
The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.
5．作定语：
Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?
6．作状语：
She was too young to be assigned such work.
五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式to have been done（表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作），在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：
It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）
She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）
He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）
The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）
She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）
六、不定式的主动形式表示被动
1．There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。(多用主动形式)
例如：There is a lot of work to do / to be done.
There is no time to lose /to be lost.
译：没有什么可担心的。
________________________________
There is nothing to worry about.
注意以下两点：
(1)如果不定式结构加了"for sb."表示的逻辑主语时
There are still many questions for us to discuss. (us与discuss 主谓关系，用主动to discuss)
There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published.
(the book与publish是动宾关系，用被动to be published)
(2)某些动词(do, see)的不定式特殊用法时，两种形式所表示的意思不同。比较：
There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do now.)
There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.)
There is nothing to see. (Nothing is worth seeing.)
There is nothing to be seen. (Nothing is there at all.)
2．在“主语+ be+ adj+ to do”句型中：常见的adj有hard，amusing，interesting， cheap，difficult，dangerous，easy，nice，important，pleasant.etc.
That question is difficult to answer.
He is an impossible person to work with．
但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被动式：
The handwriting is difficult to be read.
★注意：
如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。
John is difficult to deal with.
分析：_________(动)----________(宾)）
译：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。
___________________________________
这题目很难算出来。
______________________________________
The armchair is comfortable to sit in
The question is difficult to work out
3. 当上述第2题中形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式：
I found him easy to get along with.
They don’t think the game interesting to play.
I find the lecture difficult to understand.
4.在“too—to do; enough…to…”结构中。如：
The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)．
The house is big enough to live in.（不及物动词要补出相应的介词）
但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用被动式：
This box is too heavy to be lifted.
5．在“with+n+to do”结构中。（和逻辑主语是主动关系）
例如：With nothing to do，he lay in bed．
With so many exercises to do，I can‘t go to the cinema．
6．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。
例如：I have a meeting to attend.。(to attend与I有主谓关系，即I 是逻辑主语)
Give him some books to read. (to read与him有主谓关系，即him 是逻辑主语)
如果不属于上述情况，则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。试比较下面两句：
1. Have you anything to do this afternoon?
2. Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else) ?
（to take 与you没有主谓关系, 即you不是逻辑主语）
练习：填写括号中动词的适当形式
1. I have a meeting ______ (attend) today.
2. He gave me some books _______(read).
3. I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything __________(take) to your parents?
7．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。
常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，hire，blame等。
例如：The house is to rent. Nobody was to blame for the accident.
但是，具有对比意义时，仍用被动形式。例如：
The room is to be rented, not to be sold.。She is to be praised, not to be blamed.
Exercise
1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains____ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only____ that the meeting had been put off.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears____ everything.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. to be telling
D. to have been told
4. Little Tom should love____ to the theater this evening.
A. to be taken
B. to take
C. being taken
D. taking
5. With a lot of problems____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
6. He___ and was made to repeat it.
A. didn’t understand
B. didn’t be understood
C. wasn’t understand
D. wasn’t understood
7. The pupils here____ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.
A. kept busy doing
B. keep on doing
C. have kept busy doing
D. have been kept busy doing
语法检测
一．根据括号内的动词填入正确形式。
1. It will take several weeks for your computer to ____________ (repair).
2. I knew him ___________________ (catch) by the police.
3. A vote is required ______________(take) in our company at once.
4. When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed______________ (steal) it.
7. I hope _______________(admit) to Zhongshan University.
8.The book is said to ____________________(translate) into several languages.
9.I feel greatly honored _________________(welcome) into their society .
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d51825913.html,e on! It is an easy sentence ______________ (translate).
11.When I came in, he pretended to _____________.(read)
13.Mrs Smith warned her daughter ______________(not drive) after drinking.
14.I don’t know whether you happen ______________(hear), but I’m going to study in the U.S.A this September.
15.He seems ____________________（punish) by his teacher yesterday.
16.The school ordered all the classroom_________________( clean ).
17.My grandmother seems to have a lot ____________ (worry) about.
18.I am going to the post office.
Do you have any letter ______________(post)?
19.You are lucky enough ____________________(not catch) in the rain.
20. I’ll go to New York. Have you anything ____________(take) to your wife there?
21. Have you any clothes ____________(wash), sir?”asked the maid.
22. I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes___________(wash)
二、翻译练习
1.据说这会议已经被取消了.
______________________________________________________________
2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。
______________________________________________________________
3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
______________________________________________________________
4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。
______________________________________________________________
5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸.
______________________________________________________________
6.她假装没有听懂我说的话.
______________________________________________________________
7.我希望被中山大学录取。
______________________________________________________________
8.抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。
______________________________________________________________
8. Visitors____ not to touch the exhibits.
A. will request
B. request
C. are requesting
D. are requested
10. In some parts of the world, tea ____ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving
B. is served
C. serves
D. served
11.【2010卷】There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.
A. to discover
B. to be discovered
C. discovered
D. being discovered
12.【2007卷】When asked why he went there, he sais he was sent there ___ for a spaceflight
A. training
B. being trained
C. to have trained
D. to be trained
13.【2006卷】It took a long time for the connection between the body temperature and illness__
A. to make
B. to be made
C. making
D. being made
Book7 unit2动词不定式被动语态形 一、复习各种时态的被动语态 ★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done （以the book , publish 为例） 一般现在/过去时： The book is/ was published. 一般/过去将来时: The book will/would be published. The book is/was going to be published. 现在/过去进行时： The book is/was being published. 现在/过去完成时: The book has/had been published. 情态动词： The book can/could/may/might…be published. 1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done 2）完成式：（not/ never）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前） 三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如: They say that Mike is sick in bed. =It is said that Mike is sick in bed. =Mike is said to be sick in bed. 据说麦克卧床不起. People believe that he was killed. =It is believed that he was killed. =He is believed to have been killed. 大家相信他被杀了. 四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done). 语法功能： 1．作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 2．作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang. 3．构成复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.
非谓语动词用法归纳 一、表格的用法 1. doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid 避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自 认admit 承认advocate 提倡/ 主张consider 考虑can't help 不禁can't stand 受不了contemplate 细想complete 完成confess 坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve 值得delay 延迟deny 否认dread 可怕defer 拖延detest 嫌恶enjoy 享有/喜爱envy 嫉妒endure 忍受excuse 借口escape 逃跑/ 逃避finish 完成forgive 原谅fancy 幻想/ 爱好favor 造成/ 偏爱figure 描绘/ 计算hate 讨厌imagine 设想involve 卷入/ 包含keep 保持miss 错过mention 说到/ 讲到mind 介意pardon 原谅/ 饶恕permit 允许postpone 推迟practice 实行/实践prevent 阻止quit 放弃停止risk 冒险recall 回想resist 抵抗/ 阻止resume 恢复repent 悔悟resent 怨恨stand 坚持/ 忍受suggest 建议save 营救/ 储蓄tolerate 忍受
worth 值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6）概括性, 一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting.
翻译练习2 非谓语动词 1.It is necessary_____________________________________(我们赶上) the world’s advanced levels. 2.His remarks left me ___________________________________________(想知道 他的真实目的) 3._____________________________________________________(在高速公路上 抛锚), his car was carried away by the police. 4.She felt nervous with ___________________________________________________. (众多的目光聚集在她身上) 5.When I __________________________________________,(发现他骗我) I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. 6.He raised his voice in order to _________________________________________________. (为了让观众能听到) 7._______________________________________________(在市区超速) violates traffic regulations. https://www.doczj.com/doc/d51825913.html,st week, Tom and his friends celebrated his twentieth birthday, _________________________________________________.(尽情地唱歌跳舞) 9.It’s no good _____________________________________________________. (试图说服他不干那件事情) 10. ____________________________________________(一切准备就绪)，they began to make a new experiment.
非谓语动词之动词不定式（to do）的用法 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要形式有：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 1.“to do”动词不定式的变形 2.动词不定式的用法 （1）充当主语（一般会用it 当形式主语） To swim here is dangerous. = It is dangerous to swim here. To pass this English exam is unlikely. = （2）充当表语（多数情况下，可以转换成动词不定式做主语） My job is to help with your English learning. To help with your English learning is my job. （3）充当宾语（只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语；有时用“it”做形式宾语） I decided to attend this meeting last night. I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 注意：当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时，只能跟不定式作宾语。 decide, determine, learn, wish, hope agree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, fail prepare, try, manage, help, promise offer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed
（4）充当宾语补足语 I persuaded him to make a speech in public. 注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”） I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了 他们争论的整个过程） 但，感官动词后面也可接Ving形式，表示正在进行。 I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. （我看到他们正在 争论谁该扫地，并不一定看到了整个过程） （5）充当状语（目的，原因，结果状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致） I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. （目的状语） I’m sorry to bother you.（原因状语） He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out. （结果状语，only + to find/realize/discover表示出乎意料的结果）（6）充当定语（不定式作定语，要放在所修饰的词的后面） I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say? There are 3 questions to answer. （7）一些固定句型中不定式省略“to” had better would rather do… than do… why not do “except/but” 有“do” 无“to”，有”to”无“do” have nothing to do but do… do everything but/except have no choice but to want nothing but/except to （8）当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列（and/or/than）时，通常只保留第一个不定式的“to”. He told me to stay there and wait for him. It’s easier to persuade people than force them. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. （否定式中“to”不能省略）
非谓语动词练习100题 1. Zhou Lan doesn't have to be made ________. She always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. le arned 2. ________ for several times, we decided not to do it again. A. Having scolded B. Having been scolded C. She has been scolded D. Since she was scolded 3. Hearing the bad news, _______. A. tears came down her face B. she can't help crying C. everything seemed to be in bad order D. the young lady was upset 4. The boy was caught ______ things from a shop last night. A. steal B. to steal C. stole D. stealing 5. The ______ look on his face suggested that he was ______. A. surprised; surprised B. surprising; surprising C. surprised; surprising D. surprising; surprised 6. This novel is said __________ last year. A. to have been published B. to be published C. to have published D. having been published 7. I have never thought of _______ abroad with us. A. you to go B. you will go C. for you to go D. you going 8. It was very clever ______ in the young lady's room. A. for Holmes to stay B. Holmes' staying C. of Holmes to stay D. of Holmes' staying 9. They spent the night ______ in the room. A. having locked B. locking C. to be locked D. locked
非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形 一、复习各种时态的被动语态 ★ 被动语态的基本结构：be+ done （以the book , publish 为例） 一般现在/过去时： The book is/ was p ublished 一般/过去将来时： The book will/would be p ublished The book is/was going to be p ublished 现在/过去进行时： The book is/was being p ublished 现在/过去完成时： The book has/had bee n p ublished 情态动词： The book can/could/may/might …be p ublished 二、不定式的被动式的基础知识： 1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done 2）完成式：（not/ never ）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前） 三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如： They say that Mike is sick in bed. =lt is said that Mike is sick in bed. =Mike is said to be sick in bed. 据说麦克卧床不起. People believe that he was killed. =It is believed that he was killed. =He is believed to have been killed. 大家相信他被杀了. 四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done). 语法功能： 1.作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 2.作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.
1.These model cars _____in China in 2013. A.are made B.were made C.make D.made 2. Over $30000_______for a children’s hospital by a British girl several moths ago. A.is raised B.was raised C.will be raised D.has been raised 3.Martin was so busy _____the old that he gave up his part –time job. A.helping B.helped C.to help D.help 4.The novel ____by many people today. A.is read B.are read C.reads D.were read 5.My parents didn’t allow me ____to the party. A.go B.to go C.goes D.went 6.I will try my best to stop my son from ______the same mistake. A.make B.made C.makes D.making 7.-How clean your car is! -Thank you.It ____very often. A. is washed B.washes C.was washed D.washed 8.Pukou Railway Station ______in 1911 and it has become a filming location for films and TV plays in recent years. A.build B.is built C.built D.was built 9/-What’s wrong with Simon? He isn’t at school today. -His legs hurt. He was____by a motorcycle this morning. A.treated B.hit C.operated D.cured 10.Sarah,you’d better drink more water after____for such a long time. A.run B.runs C.to run D.running 11.Many houses ____by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless. A.damaged B.were damaged C.were damaging D.are damaged 12.My time in the middle school was one of____periods of my life. A.exciting B.more exciting C.the more exciting D.the most exciting 13.Chengdu is a greener city now because more and more trees ____every spring. A.were planted B.are planted C.will be planted 14.It’s necessary for us ____to our parents when we have problems. A.to talk B.talking C.talk 15.-Don’t smoke here,Dad.Smoking_____in public places. -Oh,sorry. I’ll stop right now. A.isn’t allowed B.aren’t allowed C.doesn’t allow 16.So far,the AIIB(亚投行)_____57 countries to be the founding members. A.attracted B.has attracted C.will attract 17.When you_____a difficult task,try to continue with it and finish it. A.give B.are giving C.gave D.are given 18.Doing eye excercises ___one of the useful ways to protect our eyes. A.is B.are C.were 19.I wonder when Subway Ⅱin Harbin____.When the day comes,I’ll spend less time going to school every day. A.is finish B.will be finished C.was finished
用非谓语动词翻译下列句子（Spring编辑） (A) 1、我钱不够，不能买这房子。 Being short of money/Not having enough money, I can't buy the house. 2、我比你强，我会跑得比你快。 Being stronger than you,I can run faster than you. 3、发现屋里没人，他便留了一张纸条。 Finding no one in the room, he left a note. 4、经理设法用蹩脚的英语让别人明白了他的意思。 The manager managed to make himself understood with his broken English. 5、你觉得不舒服就别去游泳了。 Not feeling well, you'd better not go to swim. 6、吃太多的肉，你会变胖的。 Having too much meat, you'll get fatter. 7、我们这儿禁止抽烟。谁让你抽烟来着？ We forbid smoking here. Who has permitted you to smoke here 8、看见我穿得破烂，那售货员拿出最便宜的衣服给我。 Seeing me dressed in rags, the assistant showed me the cheapest suit. 9、浇太多的水花会死的。 Watered too much, the flower will die. { 10、我昨天挨雨淋了，感冒了。 Caught in the rain,I got a bad cold now. 11、他们说说笑笑地向我们走来。 They went to us ,talking and laughing. 12、身在异国他乡，一个人会很快改变旧习惯。 Being in a foreign country, one may soon change his old habits. 13、在那跳舞的那个女孩也很会唱歌。 The girl dancing there sings well. 14、在警察包围之下，绑架者无路可走只得放弃。 Surrounded by the police, the kidnappers had nothing to do but give up. 15、今天他病了，没来学校。 Being ill,he doesn't come to school today. (B) ￥ 1、双手在身后紧握(clasp)着，父亲在房间里来回踱了十分钟。(with) My fahter walked up and down the room for ten minutes, with his hands clasped behind him. 2、因为在又大有拥挤的超市里迷了路，可怜的Jack突然大哭起来了。 Lost in a big and crowded supermarket, poor Jack burst out crying. 3、两个战犯进入了那间废弃的屋子，后面有两个手里拿枪的士兵紧跟着。 The two prosoners of war came into the abandoned house, followed by two soldiers, gun in hand.
动词不定式专题练习 1. He seems ___ the old lady. A. knowing B. to be knowing C. to know D. to be known 2. Tom ___ when they spoke ill of him. A. happened to be passed B. happened to be passing by C. happened passing by D. happened to passed 3. We all hope ____ scientists. A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became 4. The boy refused ____ for climbing the tall tree. A. to pay B. to be paid C. being paid D. paying 5. I happened ____ the article when he asked me about it. A. having read B. to have read C. to be read D. reading 6. ______ with him is a great pleasure. A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking 7. It is nice _____ your voice. A. to hear B. hear C. heard D. to be hearing 8. _____ is to struggle. A. Living B. Live C. To live D. To be lived 9. Her wish is ____ a doctor. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come 10. I was just about ____ the office when the phone rang. A. leaving B. leave C. to leave D. to leaving 11. I didn’t ____ it until you had explained how. A. manage to do B. managed to do C. manage to have done D. manage doing 12. He found it important ___ the situation all over the world. A. study B. to study C. studies D. to be studied 13. At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but ___ their guns. A. to lay down B. lie down C. laying down D. lay down 14. Yesterday I did nothing but ___ TV. A. watch B. watched C. to watch D. watching 15. It had no effect except ___ him angry. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 16. Bob did nothing except ____ tennis. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 17. I’m considering ___ his letter. A. to answer B. how answering C. to be answering D. how to answer 18. Tell us _____ next. A. how to do B. what to do C. how do D. what do 19. We want to know ___ to help him when he is in trouble. A. what will do B. what we should do C. how to do D. what will we do 20. Don’t stop trying. You’ll be sure ___ . A. succeed B . succeeding C. of succeeding D. to succeed 21. The government calls on us ____ our production. A. increased B. increasing C. increase D. to increase 22. With his teacher ____ he wanted to try it a second time. A. helping B. to help C. help D. helped 23. The lady was watched ____ her room in silence. A. had left B. left C. leave D. to leave 24. I’m hungry . Get me something ____. A. eating B. to eat C. to be eaten D. eaten 25. His wish ,____ a doctor ,came true. A. coming B. come C. to come D. came 26. He loves praise. He is always the first ____ and the last _____. A. of coming ; of leaving B. comes; leaves C. to come; to leave D. coming; leaving 27. At last they found a house _____ . A. to leave his things with B. to leave his things in C. leaving his things in 28. There is nothing ______ . A. to worry B. to worry about C. worry D. worry
2020-2021年非谓语动词(完整版) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. A．writing B．to write C．written D．being written 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书写得既清楚又意味深长，该书激励了那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生的自信心。根据write与the book是被动的关系，所以要用过去分词作状语。故选C。 2．I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired. A．take B．taking C．to take D．taken 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：我停下车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表目的，故选C。 【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 3．______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. A．Seeing B．To see C．See D．Seen 【答案】A 【解析】 考查非谓语动词的用法。本句的主语是 I，I 与 See 的意义的逻辑关系是主动，也就是Seeing 才能表示主语与非谓语的“主动”的逻辑关系。 4．（北京）_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A．Travel B．Traveling C．Having traveled D．Traveled 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。 点睛：动名词是动词-ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 5．Today there are more airplanes____ more people than ever before in the skies. A．carry B．carrying C．carried D．to be carrying
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。
宾语： 1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： …… manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) , refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ……practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing can’t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do（打算）/ doing（意味）be used to do / doing ( get used to doing)(used to do) 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动 定语： 不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Developing countries/ developed countries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, cause等。 Think, consider, believe, suppose, feel等后常用“to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People considered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等。 ◆“吾看三室两厅一感觉”---5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）3使（make,
非谓语动词翻译练习： I. Complete the sentences. 1) Success means ___________________________________________(非常努力地工作). 2) John meant ____________________________________(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障). 3) I heard him ______________________________________________(在跟他的母亲谈话). 4) I heard him ______________________________________________(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时). 5) He jumped into the pool to save the child ______________________________________ (结果却摔断了自己的腿). 6) He jumped from the burning house, __________________________________(摔断了双腿). 7) He was happy _____________________________________________________(看到父母很健康). 8) _______________________________________(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief. 9) ________________________(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda. 10) The pop, _______________________________(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans. II. Translate the Chinese into English. (请在句子划线部分使用非谓语动词或者独立主格结构) 1、我钱不够，不能买这房子。 2、我比你强，我会跑得比你快。 3、发现屋里没人，他便留了一张纸条。 4、经理设法用蹩脚的英语让别人明白了他的意思。
课后任务 动词非谓语，被动语态 Ⅰ. 单项选择 ( )1.The weatherman says a rain shower this afternoon in the south. A. expects B. expected C. is expected ( )2.Mr. Green to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. A. was invited B. invited C. is invited ( )3.When the baby dog, it was very hungry. So we gave it some food. A. is found B. was found C. will be found ( )4. Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information in a short time. A. can be learned B. has been learned C. can learn ( )5.The task in an hour. Then we can go home and have a good rest. A.was finished B. will be finished C. can't be finished ( )6. Would you please tell me after I finished doing my homework? A. how do B. what to do C. what do I do ( )7. The girl wasn’t to lift that bookcase. A.too strong B. enough strong C. strong enough ( )8. ----What about ________ a rest? We have kept working for three hours ----OK! Let's go for a walk. A.to have B．had C．having ( )9.Bruce practices ________ basketball every day so that he can achieve his dream of being a professional basketball player.. A.play B. to play C. playing ( )10.It took me two weeks ________ reading the novels written by Guo Jingming. A．finish B．to finish C．finishes