人教版高中英语选修7U n i t1新学案
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M7U1 Living well
Words and expressions
●学习目标：
熟练运用以下词汇、短语和句型；能用恰当的英语表达被要求表达的内容。 ●学习指导：
课前阅读本单元教材内容，回顾重点词汇、短语、句型的具体运用；课堂上小组讨论并由教师指导、确认知识的准确性并适当举一反三。 1. 重点单词
1．___________ n ．伤残；无力；无能→___________ adj.伤残的 2．___________ n ．雄心；野心 →___________ adj. 有雄心的；有野心的 3．___________adj.适合的；适宜的→___________ v ．适合；使适宜 4．___________adj.有益的；受益的→___________ v. & n ．利益 5．__________ vt.使适应；改编→__________ n ．适应；改编 →__________ adj.能适应的;可改编的→__________ n.适应;改编本 →__________ n.适应者;改编者
6． __________ n ．缺席；不在某处→__________ adj.缺席的；不在的 7． __________vt.使……不悦；惹恼→__________ adj.颇为生气的 →__________ n ．烦恼
8． __________n ．鼓励；奖励→__________ v ．鼓励→__________ (n) 勇气 →__________adj 令人鼓舞的→ __________adj 受鼓舞的 9． __________ vt.祝贺；庆祝→__________ n ．祝贺 10. __________n ．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性 →__________ adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
11. __________n .行为;品行 vt .指挥;管理→__________ n . 管理人;指挥;售票员
12. __________ n. 帮助→__________ v. 帮助→__________n.助手
13. →__________呼吸;气息 →__________ vt.呼吸→__________ adj.屏息的 II. 词汇拓展（请查字典完成）
1. be ambitious for sth/to do sth 对(做)某事怀有雄心/热切的希望
2. A benefit B 有益于….
3. B benefits from/by A 受益于
4. be of benefit to… 对…有益
5. for the benefit of 为了… 的利益
6. be beneficial to… 对…有益
7. in other words =that is to say 换句话说
in a / one word beyond words
break one’s word
eat one’s word have a word with have words with
8. be clumsy with sth / at/in doing sth 在…方面不灵巧
9. adapt sth from 根据…改编某物
adapt (oneself) to 使(自己)适应
adapt sth for 使某物适应;使某物适合;改编某物 10. cut out 切下、停止省略 剪下 cut off 切断、隔绝 cut down 砍倒、削减、减少 cut in 插话
out of breath 上气不接下气
11. hold one’s breath 不出声;屏息 lose one’s breath 喘不过气来;呼吸困难 take a deep breath 作一次深呼吸
take sb ’s breath away 使某人大吃一惊
12.absence of mind 心不在焉;神不守舍 be absent from 缺席;不在
in/during my absence
13.annoy sb with sth / by doing sth
因…使某人生气
be annoyed with sb. for/at (doing)sth.
对(某人)为(某事)而生气
be annoyed at / about / by sth 因…而生气 14. all in all 总而言之 above all 首先;最重要的是 after all 毕竟;终究
first of all 首先
not at all 根本不;别客气
for all 虽然;尽管
in all 总共;总之 15. make fun of make fools of sb.
laugh at sb. play a joke on sb.
tease sb about sth.
16.resign from 从……辞职: resign oneself to 使(自己)听任,顺从 17.congratulate sb on sth/doing sth 祝贺某人…
18.access to 进入/到达……的通路/方法; 拥有……的机会 have /gain (no) access to sth
give sb access to sth. 让人得到；进入
have access to sth.= be accessible to sb.
M7U1 Living Well Langue points
1.Glance at the title and picture, then discuss with a partner what kind of thing you think people would write about and why disabled people find the website beneficial.
翻译：_______________________________________________________________. beneficial adj _______________ benefit n. ________ v. _______ __________
A benefit
B = B benefits from/by A________________
for the benefit of 为了……的利益
阳光对植物有益 Sunshine ________________ plants.
Sunshine ________________ plants.
Sunshine ________ plants.
Plants _____________ sunshine.
2.Unfortunately, the doctors don’t know how to make me better, but I’m very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.
翻译：_______________________________________________________________
a. We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.
b. Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
c. Some animals can adapt themselves to the change of climate quickly.
d. The play is adapted from a short story.
e. (2017·江苏)Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.
f. (2015·浙江)Instead, we are diu rnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light.
翻译：_______________________________________________________________. adapt vt.&vi. ____________________________________
adapt (oneself) to... ________________________……(其中to是介词)
adapt...to... _______________ adapt sth.for sth. ______________
adapt...from... ______________
adapt 与 adopt 仅有一个字母之差，要注意它们含义的区别：
3. Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others. 翻译：_______________________________________________________________
a.(2017·全国)In the absence of gray wolves, the deer population grew quickly.
b. (2017·全国)Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent.
归纳拓展: absence of mind _______________ be absent from_______________ in/during my absence_______________.
4. My life is a lot easier at high school because my fellow students have accepted me. The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed.
翻译：_______________________________________________________________. annoy vt ___________________________________________.
a. It really annoys me when you don't listen to what I'm saying.
b. I was annoyed with myself for giving in so easily.
c. Everyone is annoyed by the amount of traffic in the city.
d.(2016·天津)It was really annoying; I couldn’t get access to the data bank you had recommended.
e. (2017·天津)It is without doubt the most annoying of all.
归纳拓展: (1) It annoys sb.that/when/how etc.
(2)annoy常用于被动语态be annoyed
??
?
??
at/about...
that
to do sth.
某事使某人恼怒
be annoyed _______ sb _______sth.对某人生气
(3)____________ n．恼怒，烦恼，烦扰，不高兴；烦恼的事情
_______________ adj.使人不高兴的，恼人的，使烦恼的
_______________ adj.恼怒的；烦恼的
同类辨析: annoy，bother，disturb
a. I'm annoyed that he didn't show up when he said he would come.
b. Pardon me for bothering you with such a small matter.
c. The problem has been bothering me for weeks.
d. If you get up early，try not to disturb someone els
e.
5. Why has his fellow students’ conduct change towards Marty?
a. Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do.
b. The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city.
c. He conducted himself far better than expecte
d.
d. The government conducted a research into the river pollution.
e. His conduct disagrees with his words.
conduct vt. __________________________ n．[U] ______________________________
归纳拓展 :
conduct an experiment/an inquiry/a survey_________________________________ conduct a concert________________ conduct sb.in/out________________
conduct oneself________________ under the conduct of________________
6. Adequate access for wheelchairs. 翻译：____________________________________
a. The only access to the town is across the bridge.
b.20% of the people on earth do not have access to clean drinking water.
c. A manager should be accessible to his staff.
d. The documents are not accessible to the public.
e. (2017·北京)This magazine makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children.
f. (2016·四川)Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.
归纳拓展
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(1)give access to ________________
have/gain/get/obtain access to... ________________
the access to... ________________
(2)accessible adj. ________________ be accessible to... ________________
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. (2017·江苏)When it comes to ________(adapt), it is important to understand that climate change is a process.
2. People are ________(annoy)by what the driver did to the little girl.
3. I hope we can get your technical ________(assist)in the project soon.
4. On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting ________(company)．
5. (2015·湖北)His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ________(ambition)and serious than his earlier book.
6. (2015·陕西)The production of coffee beans is a huge, ________(profit)business.
7. We all ________(congratulate)Tom on being elected chairman of the committee.
8. (2015·陕西)Parental involvement is not so ________(benefit)as expected.
9. The remote desert area is ________(access)only by helicopter.
10. People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the ________(approve) of others.
11. She lay in bed, ________(stare)at the last leaf on the tree.
12. Although he was well aware of the danger to his own health, he found ________ difficult to quit smoking.
13. So far we ________(conduct)a variety of activities on English learning.
14. The library in the city is ________(access)to people at weekends.
15. Please accept my sincere ________(congratulate)on your marriage.
II．考题对接
1.单句语法填空。
①It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt ________ the new environment abroad.
②The film is said ________(adapt) from a very famous novel.
③(2017·江苏)More ordinary forms of ________(adapt)are happening everywhere.
2.单句语法填空或完成句子。
①If you are ________ ________ ________ ________(在缺乏……情况下)social skills, it
can lead to many problems.
②这个士兵没有请假就离开营地三天。
The soldier _____ ______ ________ his camp for three days without asking for leave.
③His ________(absent)from the conference made the situation even worse.
3. 用annoy的适当形式填空。
①Brown said he was by no means ________； on the contrary, he was glad to be able to
make himself clearly understood.
②The way he speaks to us is really ________．
③To her ________， the stranger did not go away.
④It ________ me that I didn’t have time to do more reading.
4.用conduct的适当形式填空。
①The guide ________ Tom and Mary around the places of interest.
②It’s really a great honor that the band will be ________ by the great conductor.
③A long－term study ________ by the medical school shows that babies of smoking
mothers will be less healthy than those of nonsmoking mothers.
④A lot of research is ________ in this area now.
5. (access)单句语法填空。
①Every student has free access ________ the library.
②All the public transport will be ________(access)to both ordinary people and the disabled
6.( congratulate/celebrate)完成句子。
①周围的人们都祝贺莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖。
People all around ________ Mo Yan ________ winning the Noble Prize in Literature.
②请接受我对你们婚礼的诚挚祝贺。
Please accept my sincere ________ ________ your marriage.
③Let’s hold a party to ________your birthday and at the same time ________you on your passing the examination.
7. 与cut 相关短语填空
①It is impolite to cut ________ when other people are talking.
②He wanted to cut ________ the story in the newspaper, for he liked it very much.
③After his wife’s death, he almost cut himself ________ from the rest of the world.
④He cut ________ on coffee and cigarettes, and ate a balanced diet.
⑤(2016·浙江)When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut ____ from the world. 当孩子们远离他们生活的时候，这些老人觉得与世隔绝了。
8. 与breath 相关短语完成句子。
①汤姆没敲门就进来了，上气不接下气地坐在了椅子上。
Tom entered without knocking and，very ________ _________ _________ , sank into a chair.
②你能屏住呼吸多久？How long can you ________ ________ ________ for?
③When he gets upset, he ________ ________ ________(深呼吸)to calm himself down.
9. 用于as well 相关结构完成句子
①她弹得好，唱得也好。 She sings ________ ________ ________ she plays.
②著名的音乐家及其学生受邀在2012年台北花博会开幕式上表演。
The famous musician, ________ ________ ________ his students, was invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
③既然我们还没走远，不妨回去取地图。
Since we haven’t gone very far, we ________ ________ ________ ________ turn around
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to get the map.
Ⅱ.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
adapt to; as well as; cut out; in a word; used to; out of breath;
be beneficial to; after all
1. The old man can ______________ beautiful flowers with paper and stick them onto the wall.
2. I can never stop the love for reading because books are like wise teachers ______________ good friends in my life.
3. The good thing about children is that they ________ very easily ______________ new environments.
4. To be honest, I was ______________ after running for the bus.
5. I ______________ be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed.
6. As we all know, sunshine ______________ plants.
7. ______________，with the help of my computer brain which never forgets anything, intelligence is what I’m all about.
8. ______________，it was through hard work and innovation that Lei Jun became successful in his field.
M7U1 Summary
根据所给汉语填空
1.cut_______ 切掉
2.It is difficult to know what the future _______. 难以断定未来的样子
3.________ breath 上气不接下气
4.My education _________. 我的教育受到影响。
5.my _____ students 我的同学
6.all _____ all 总之
7.work for a ________ 为一家公司工作
8.________ computer softwear 开发电脑软件
9.with no time _____________ 没有时间闲坐着
10.find______ worthwhile 发现很值得
11.make _____________ 取笑
12.They each _______ a disability. 他们每个人都有残疾。
13._______ a record 打破记录
14.be _____ for 适合
15._______ earth 究竟16.be supposed ________ 被认为做过…
17.get _______ work 开始工作
18.______ from government 从政府辞职
19.read_______ the newspaper 在报纸上得到
20._______ particular 特别
21.______ sets of earphone 安装成套的耳机
22.overcome these ___________ 克服这些困难
23.an ______ on a website 网站上的一个词条
24.______ young people _________ disability 有残疾的普通的年轻人
25.one____ million 百万分之一
26.in other _______ 换句话说
27._____ into 撞到
28.at______ time 每次
29._____ my country 代表我的国家
30.meet with your ________ 得到你的许可
31.make _________ 获得利润
英语复习课学案选修7 Unit 1 Living well
●学习目标：
熟练运用以下词汇、短语和句型；能用恰当的英语表达被要求表达的内容。
●学习指导：
课前阅读本单元教材内容，回顾重点词汇、短语、句型的具体运用；课堂上小组讨论并由教师指导、确认知识的准确性并适当举一反三。
●课本回归
根据所给汉语完成句子并回答相应的问题：
1. Do you know anyone with a mental or physical disability? What have they done
to____________________________________ (克服这些困难)?
2. Look at the pictures and read what these people have achieved
____________________________________（即使每个人都有残疾）.
3. She is proud_________________________（参加过比赛） and to have
_____________________________（打破记录）by running two laps this year.
4. Sally____________________________________ （过着忙碌的生活）. When she’s free, she goes to the movies. She thinks__________________________（适合她的情况）.
5. Last year, he__________________（扮演主角）in the school play. After school he
______________________________（上声乐和舞蹈课）after school.
6. I guess you could say that I am “__________________________（万分之一）”.
__________________________（换句话说） There are not many people like me.
学
案
装
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_______________________（此外）, sometimes I’m very clumsy and drop thing s or
_______________________（撞到家具）.
7. I am very outgoing and have learned to_______________________（适应） my disability. My motto is:. _______________________ (活好每一天)
8. Until I was ten years old I was _______________________（和其他别的人一样）. I used to dream about _______________________（和专业的足球队比赛） and possibly _______________________（代表我的国家） in the World Cup.
9. I had_______________________（至少） a billion tests, _______________________（包括一次） in which they _______________________（切掉） a piece of muscle from my leg a nd…
10.Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to
know_______________________（未来会是什么样子）.
11. Some children would laugh, when I（上气不接下气） after running a short way
or_______________________（在上楼梯的时候中途休息）.
12. I was too weak to go to school so_______________________（我的学业收到损失）.
13. _______________________（每次）I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because
I_______________________（落在别人的后面）.
14. My life is a lot easier at high school because _______________________（我的同学们） have accepted me. _______________________（总的来说） I have a good life. 15. My ambition is to work for a firm that_______________________（开发电脑软件）when I grow up.
16. I have a busy life ______________________________________________（没有时间
闲坐着顾影自怜）.
17. _______________________（除了去看电影外） and football matches with my friends,
I spend a lot of time with my pets. To look after my pets _______________________（花费许多时间） but I _______________________（发现很值得这样做）.
18. In many ways my disability has helped me _______________________（变的更独立）.
I have to work hard to_______________________（过正常的生活） but it has been worth it.
19. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children ,it would be this; Don’t feel sorry
for the disabled or_______________________ (嘲笑他们).
______________________________________________（就以现在的样子接受他们）and give them encouragement to _______________________（过上丰富的生活）as you do.
20. --- I _______________________（本应该）have finished all my shopping
_______________________（到目前为止）but…
---Never mind. Nobody is said to ha ve finished till there’s no more left to buy.
Let’s_______________________ (开始工作吧)then.
21.He was a very kind man, who didn’t like to see people_______________________（挨
饿或陷于痛苦之中）. 22. Africans were taken from their homes and _______________________（在市场上出
售）. A master was able to _______________________（安置自己的意愿对待他的仆人）—even _______________________（累死他们） if he wanted to.
23. Wilberforce then_______________________ (从政府辞职)in 1825 and died in 1833.
24. I hope you will not _______________________（介意我写信问） if you have thought
about the needs of disabled. _______________________（我尤其想知道） you have considered the following things:
25. It would help to _______________________（安装） sets of earphones to all seats.
26. For disabled customers it would be more convenient to place the toilets
near_______________________（电影院的入口处）.
27. I hope my suggestions will_______________________（获得你的许可）.
28. Disabled people should _____________________________________________（和身
体健全的人具有同样的机会）to enjoy the cinema and to _______________________（有尊严的这样做）.
29. It will also make the cinema owners happy if more people go
_________________________________________（因为他们将获得更多的效益）.
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M7U1 Living well
Words and expressions
●学习目标：
熟练运用以下词汇、短语和句型；能用恰当的英语表达被要求表达的内容。
●学习指导：
课前阅读本单元教材内容，回顾重点词汇、短语、句型的具体运用；课堂上小组讨论并由教师指导、确认知识的准确性并适当举一反三。
1. 重点单词
1．disability n．伤残；无力；无能→disabled adj.伤残的
2．ambition n．雄心；野心→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的
3．suitable adj.适合的；适宜的→suit v．适合；使适宜
4．beneficial adj.有益的；受益的→benefit v. & n．利益
5．adapt vt.使适应；改编→adaptation n．适应；改编adaptable adj.能适应的;可改编的adaptation n.适应;改编本 adapter/adaptor n.适应者;改编者6．absence n．缺席；不在某处→absent adj.缺席的；不在的
7．annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼→annoyed adj.颇为生气的→annoyance n．烦恼8．encouragement n．鼓励；奖励→encourage v．鼓励courage (n) 勇气
(v 鼓励) （n 鼓励）
(adj 令人鼓舞的)
（adj 受鼓舞的）
9．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆祝→congratulation n．祝贺
10. access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性→accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
11. conduct n.行为;品行vt.指挥;管理conductor n.管理人;指挥;售票员
15.assistance (n) (v) (n助手)
16.breath n.呼吸;气息breathe vt.呼吸 breathless adj.屏息的
II. 词汇拓展
II. 词汇拓展（请查字典完成）
12.be ambitious for sth/to do sth对(做)某事怀有雄心/热切的希望
13.A benefit B 有益于….
14.B benefits from/by A 受益于
15.be of benefit to… 对…有益
16.for the benefit of 为了… 的利益
17.be beneficial to… 对…有益
18.in other words=that is to say 换句话说
in a / one word beyond words break one’s word
eat one’s word have a word with have words with
19.be clumsy with sth / at/in doing sth在…方面不灵巧
20.adapt sth from根据…改编某物adapt (oneself) to使(自己)适应
adapt sth for使某物适应;使某物适合;改编某物
21.cut out切下、停止省略剪下cut off 切断、隔绝
cut down 砍倒、削减、减少cut in 插话
out of breath上气不接下气
22.ho ld one’s breath不出声;屏息
lose one’s breath喘不过气来;呼吸困难
take a deep breath作一次深呼吸
take sb’s breath away使某人大吃一惊
12.absence of mind 心不在焉;神不守舍
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be absent from 缺席;不在
in/during my absence
13.annoy sb with sth / by doing sth 因…使某人生气
be annoyed with sb. for/at (doing)sth. 对(某人)为(某事)而生气
be annoyed at / about / by sth 因…而生气
17.all in all总而言之above all首先;最重要的是
after all毕竟;终究 first of all首先
not at all根本不;别客气 for all虽然;尽管
in all总共;总之
15. make fun of make fools of sb.
laugh at sb. play a joke on sb.
tease sb about sth.
16.resign from 从……辞职: resign oneself to 使(自己)听任,顺从
17.congratulate sb on sth/doing sth祝贺某人…
18.access to 进入/到达……的通路/方法; 拥有……的机会
have /gain (no) access to sth
give sb access to sth. 让人得到；进入
have access to sth.= be accessible to sb.
M7U1 Living Well
Langue points
1.Glance at the title and picture, then discuss with a partner what kind of thing you think people would write about and why disabled people find the website beneficial.
2.Unfortunately, the doctors don’t know how to make me better, but I’m very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. 翻译：_______________________________________________________________
adapt vt.&vi.(使)适应，(使)适合；改编；改造，改装
归纳拓展
(1)adapt (oneself) to...使自己适应或习惯于……(其中to是介词)
adapt...to...使某物适应、适合
adapt sth.for sth.把……改编成……
adapt...from...根据……改编……
归纳拓展
(2)adaptable adj.适应性强的；可修改的
adaption n．改编；适应，改写本
(3)adapted adj.适合的；改编的
be adapted from根据……改编，改写
be adapted for...为……改编/写；被改编成
诱导展望
adapt 与 adopt 仅有一个字母之差，要注意它们含义的区别：
adapt vt. 使适应；改编
adopt vt. 采用，采纳；收养；正式通过
We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.
我们不得不很快适应新制度。Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled
people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
Some animals can adapt themselves to the change of climate quickly.有些动物可以很快适应气候的变化。
The play is adapted from a short story.
该剧由一篇短篇故事改编而来。
①(2017·江苏)Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.
人类将继续以普通和惊人的方式去适应变化的气候。
②(2015·浙江)Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light.
相反，我们是昼行性生物，眼睛适应在太阳光下的生活。
2. Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others.
①(2017·全国)In the absence of gray wolves, the deer population grew quickly.
没有了灰狼，鹿的数量迅速增长。
②(2017·全国)Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent.
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目前所需要的是父母，但是他们不在
。
3. My life is a lot easier at high school because my fellow students have accepted me. The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed.
3．annoy vt.惹恼；使恼怒，使生气；打扰，打搅
归纳拓展
(1)annoy sb.使某人生气或烦躁 It annoys sb.that/when/how etc. (2)annoy 常用于被动语态 be annoyed ????
?
at/about...that
to do sth.
某事使某人恼怒
be annoyed with sb.对某人生气 be annoyed by...被……惹恼
(3)annoyance n ．恼怒，烦恼，烦扰，不高兴；烦恼的事情
annoying adj .使人不高兴的，恼人的，使烦恼的 annoyed adj .恼怒的；烦恼的
It really annoys me when you don't listen to what I'm saying.你不听我说话真的让我很生气。
I was annoyed with myself for giving in so easily. 我气我自己那么轻易就让步了。
Everyone is annoyed by the amount of traffic in the city. 大家都为城市拥挤的交通感到烦恼。同类辨析 annoy ，bother ，disturb 与trouble
(1)annoy 指由于干扰、不顺利或受不了某种外界情况等而“烦恼，懊恼”，多指一时的打扰或恼怒。
(2)bother 指不停地“扰乱，麻烦”，使人不能安宁而产生烦恼的心理。
(3)disturb 较正式用语，多用于被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。
I'm annoyed that he didn't show up when he said he would come.他说好要来却没来，这令我很生气。
Pardon me for bothering you with such a small matter. 请原谅我为这点小事麻烦你。
If you get up early ，try not to disturb someone else. 你如果起得早，尽量不要打扰别人。 The problem has been bothering me for weeks. 那个问题已经困扰了我好几个星期。
4. Why has his fellow students ’ conduct change towards Marty? conduct vt.引导，指导，指挥，实施，管理，传导 n ．[U]行为，品行；指导，经营 归纳拓展
(1)conduct an experiment/an inquiry/a survey 进行实验/询问/调查
conduct a concert 指挥音乐会
conduct sb.in/out 领某人进来/出去 conduct oneself 举止，表现自己
(2)under the conduct of 在……指导/管理下
Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do. 铜的导电性能优于其他材料。
The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city.导游引领我们游览了古城废墟。
He conducted himself far better than expected. 他表现得比预料的要好得多。
The government conducted a research into the river pollution.政府对河流污染进行了一次调查。
His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一。
2. Adequate access for wheelchairs. 归纳拓展
(1)give access to 接近，准许进入
have/gain/get/obtain access to... 接见，会见，有权进入……，拥有……的机会 the access to...进入……的通道
(2)accessible adj . 可接近的；可使用的，可进入的 be accessible to...能接近……；可使用…… The only access to the town is across the bridge. 到镇上唯一的通道是经过这座桥。
20% of the people on earth do not have access to clean drinking water. 地球上20%的人喝不到干净的饮用水。
A manager should be accessible to his staff.
经理应该让职工感到平易近人。
The documents are not accessible to the public.
公众无法看到这些文件。
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参评学科：高中英语 高中英语选修课程的建设 摘要 选修课程是高中英语课程建设中的一项重要方式。当前，我国很多高中没有构建相应的平台去开发，实施和管理选修课程，由于英语教师没有开设选修课程的能力，很多学生根本没有真正选择课程的机会。如今英语选修课程都有必修化、应试化、活动化和重负化的特征。为了互补必修课程和选修课程的优势，老师们应该积极地探索选修课程开发本土化、内容优质化和教学多元化，从而充分发挥选修课的潜在功能。 关键词：高中英语；选修课程；建设
一、高中英语选修课程建设中存在的弊端 （一）选修课程的必修趋势 在现代的英语教育中，必修课程和选修课程要相互结合。而普通高中的选修课程大致分为“选修I”（重要选修课程）和“选修II”（随意选修课程）两种。重要选修课程是当地政府为发展学生除书本之外的知识而设立的，而随意选修课程是学校设立的[1]。开设选修课程的最初目标是使潜力和兴趣各不相同的学生都能够实现自身能力的发展。然而，很多学校的选修课程，特别是随意选修课程都必修课占据了时间。就重要选修课来说，各种各样的教材供应商为学校提供了现成的教材，学校和教师可以省心省力地让学生学习这些选秀课程。因为社会依然把“升学率”当成评价高中教学质量的主要依据，所以学校在选取教材的时候，依然会让学生选修与必修课类似的课程。就随意选修来说，很多学校由于教学管理、师资力量、教室资源等因素不能为学生提供大量的选修课程，这在客观上导致“大部分的学校和教师仅仅只将精力放在必修课和高考中一定会涉及的重要选修课程上”[2]。 （二）选修课程的应试趋势 面对高考升学率的压力，很多高中仍然拼命地实施“填鸭式”教学和“题海”战术，所以英语选修课程仅仅是单纯地列在课程表上以应付教育局的检查。学校领导对选修课程不够重视，教师经常占据选修课的时间，大部分的学生对选修课也是心不在焉，极度缺乏主动性和积极性，因此在学生和老师眼中，选修课被通常是可有可无。有些老师竟然将重要选修课当成应试教育的复习课或补习课；绝大多数的老师在随意选修课程上强化学生当天所学的知识或者是组织他们做练习题。[3]；更有甚者开设了“高考改错专题”、“作文例析”等选修课，让人啼笑皆非。很多学校从高一的时候就通过“月考”和“周练”等办法来提高学生的外语竞争力；有些学校在高二的时候增加听说读写等语言知识与技能类的选修课程，其实只是还是为了提高学生的考试能力，学生的实践能力，例如对英美文化的了解和口语能力并没有得到提高。这种设计选修课的方式仅仅只是停留在应试教育的模式中，既脱离了语言学习与社会接轨的原则，也没有激发学生的兴趣，是高中英语选修课程建设中的一大败笔[4]。（三）选修课程随意化 选修课程是一种特殊的教学模式，但又不同于必修的课堂教学。然而，很多学校没有区分选修课程与传统教学活动。例如，有的学校将选修课程定义为在全校范围内定期或不定期举办“English corner（英语角）”、drama play（话剧）、speech competition(演讲）、英语歌曲比赛（The Singing Contest）；有的学校甚至认为在各大年级开展英语诗朗诵、阅读竞赛、英语书写、英语板报就是开设选修课；更有学校在选修课上将学生的“错题集”进行展示。这
选修六 Unit 1 1.adj. 现实主义的；逼真的；现实的 2.adj. 抽象的；深奥的n. 摘要 3.n. 雕塑 4.n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 5.n. 美术陈列室；画廊 6.n. 信任；信心；信念 7.adv. 忠实地 8.adv. 所以；因而 9.n. 目标；目的vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 10.adj. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 11.adj. 典型的；有代表性的 12.adj. 明显的；明白的 13.n. 新生；复兴；复活 14.vt. 采用；采纳；收养 15.adj. 人道主义的 16.vt. 拥有；具有；支配 17.n. （尤作复数）所有；财产 18.adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的 19.n. 透视画法；透视图；观点 20.n. 技术；方法；技能 21.n. 巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合 22.巧合地 23.n. 杰作；名著 24.n. 印象主义；印象派 25.adj. 印象派的 n.印象派艺术家 26.adj. 后印象派的n. 后印象派艺术家 27.大量28.n. 阴影；影子 29.adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 30.adj. 争论的；争议的 31.n. 努力；尝试；企图vt. 尝试；企图 32.（可是）另一方面 33.vt. 预言；预告；预测 34.n. 风景；景色 35.adj. 确切的；特定的 36.n. 画像；身材；数字 37.n. 黏土 38.n. 评论家；批评者 39.n. 青铜；青铜色；青铜制艺术品 40.n. 大理石 41.vt. 雕刻；刻记 42.adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 43.n. 帆布；画布 44.n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 45.adj. 过敏性的；对……过敏的 46.adv. 有效地 47.n. 展览；陈列；展览会 48.adj.敢做敢为的;侵略的；好斗的 49.n. 学者 50.n. 肉；肌肉；肉体 51.活着的；本人 52.n. 几何学 53.n. 束；串 54.n. 林荫道；道路；大街 55.n. 喜爱；偏爱
选修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values graduallv replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess t heir own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
人教版高中英语选修十单词表 unit1 1. venture['vent??]n.（有风险的）商业、企业 2. web[web]n．（蜘蛛等的）网查看详细 3. Scottish['sk?ti?]adj.苏格兰的；苏格兰人的； 4. suffering['s?f?ri?]n．苦楚；受难 5. gall-bladder[ɡ?:l'bl?d?]n. 胆囊 6. strengthen['stre?θn]vt.加强；巩固 7. endurance[in'dju?r?ns]n.忍耐；持久；耐（性）
8. hut[h?t]n.小屋；棚屋 9. stove[st?uv]n.炉子 10. unbearable[,?n'bε?r?bl]n.无法忍受的；承受不住的 11. cosy['k?uzi]adj.舒适的；安逸的 12. block out[bl?k aut]封闭 13. breathless['breθlis]adj.喘不过气来的 14. rotten['r?tn]adj.腐烂的；变质的 15. blacken['bl?k?n]vt.使变黑 16. circumstance['s?:k?mst?ns]n.环境；详情；境况
17. blast[bl?st]n.一阵（风）；一股（气流） 18. hoarse[h?:s]adj.嘶哑的 19. bless[bles]vt.祝福；保佑 20. selfish['selfi?]adj.自私的 21. hook[h?k]n.钩；吊钩vt.钩住；入迷 22. aboard[??b?:d]adv.＆perp.在船（飞机） 23. seasickness['si:siknis]n. 晕船 24. anyhow['enihau]adv.无论如何 25. steward[stju?d]n.（轮船、飞机等）乘务员；膳
第一单元 路永在前方 阿什利塔·福曼是一位热衷挑战并总想争创吉尼斯纪录的运动员。在过去25年中，他大约(approximately)已经打破了93项吉尼斯世界纪录，至今，他仍然是其中20多项纪录的保持者，还包括拥有最多的吉尼斯纪录这一项。但是这些记录并不是像游泳或足球等一般运动项目那样创建的，而是阿什利塔试图在非常有趣的地点，在富有想像力的运动项目中打破的。 最近，阿什利塔完成了他的梦想:在所有七大洲破一项纪录，其中包括在澳洲玩呼啦圈，在南美洲的水下做弹簧单高跷游戏，在北美洲的热气球中做膝部深弯曲运动。 虽然这些活动看起来孩子气且令人发笑而不是让人肃然起敬，但实际上(in reality),完成这些活动需要强大的力量,健康的体格和坚定的决心。 想想吧,你一边走路,一边还要把一瓶牛奶顶在头上，你的脖子需要的多好的适应力。你可以停下来休息或吃东西，但瓶子必须呆在头上。 当阿什利塔站在75厘米高的瑞士球上时，看起来虽然很轻松容易，其实不然。呆在球上得一直全神贯注，还需要有极强的注意力和极好的平衡感。特别是在双腿开始抖动的时候，你还得使劲呆在球上。 然而沿着12英里的马路翻筋斗,情况又是怎样的呢？翻筋斗是一项艰苦的运动,因为你必须克服头晕、极度疲劳和痛苦。每翻滚一个小时,只允许休息5分钟,不过也可以短暂地停下来呕吐(vomit)。 做标准的体操(gymnastically)弓箭步动作向前，以最快的节奏走完1英里的路程是阿什利塔又一个出色的项目。弓箭步冲刺对你的双腿是一个极端艰苦的考验。开始时呈站立姿势，然后右脚向前迈一步，同时左膝触地，然后再站起来，左脚向前迈出一步，同时右膝触地。想想吧，这个动作要反复做1英里远！ 然而，这位有才能的运动员并不是天生的。小时候，他很不健康(unfit)，而且对运动毫无兴趣。但他却对《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》非常着迷(fascinated)。 阿什利塔究竟是怎样成为一位运动员的呢？这是一个有趣的故事。少年时,他就开始探究人生的深层的意义。他研究过东方宗教，16岁时，他发现了一位名叫斯里琴摩的印度静坐功(mediation)导师，住在纽约市他家附近。自从20世纪70年代初，阿什利塔就一直是斯里琴摩的学生。斯里琴摩指出，人们发展他们的体魂与发展他们的头脑、心灵和精神上的(spiritual)自我具有同等的重要性，并且他相信人的体能是没有局限的。 当阿什利塔1978年在纽约市中央公园进行的24小时自行车马拉松(marathon)比赛中获得第三名时，他就知道总有一天他将进入《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》。尽管从没有训练过，他还是受到他的精神领袖的敦促参加了马拉松比赛。因此,当他取得第三名的时候，他开始有了这样的认识：他的身躯只不过是他的精神的工具，而且他似乎能够利用他的精神力量去完成任何事。从那时起，阿什利塔就拒绝接受任何身体极限的说法。 由于有了这种新的信心, 阿什利塔于1979年第一次打破吉尼斯纪录——跳爆竹27000次。不断努力打破纪录的动机源来自他对斯里琴摩思想的虔诚。每次试图破纪录的时候，阿什里塔都会达到一个体力不可逾越的极限点。这个时候，他就会进入自己的内心深处，与他的灵魂(soul)和他的老师相沟通。 在创纪录的努力中，阿什利塔总是要感谢他的老师。事实上，他常穿着一件T恤衫，后背上有斯里琴摩的名言： “完美的道路只有一条,它就在你前方,永远在你前方。” 集中精力于……
西方绘画艺术简史 艺术是受一个民族的风俗和信仰影响。西方艺术风格经历了多次变革。因为西方艺术多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本书只谈及从公元六世纪开始以来最重要的几种艺术风格。 中世纪(5到15世纪) 在中世纪时期,画家的主要目的是把宗教主题表现出来。这一时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这时的典型绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴和敬重。但是，13世纪时绘画观念在改变是显而易见的，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种更现实的方式来画宗教场景。 文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪） 在文艺复兴时期,新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品，这样就可以装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家不仅让他们画他们的活动和成就，还要他们画自己的肖像、房子和所有物。 在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事务。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。 印象派(19世纪后期到20世纪初期) 19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会转变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。 印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，很多人不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。 现代艺术(20世纪到今天) 在印象派作品的创建初期，他们是存在着争议的，但是如今已经被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么真实，看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画风格？
人教版《英语选修10》(普通高中课程标准实验教科书)单元词汇、音标、词义。Unit 1 venture/'vent??/n.(有风险的)商业、企业vi.vt.冒险；敢于去web/web/n.(蜘蛛)网 Scottish adj.苏格兰(人)的；苏格兰英语的 suffering/'s?f?ri?/n.苦楚；受难 gall-bladder n.胆囊 strengthen/'stre?θ?n/vt.加强；巩固 Perce Blackborow珀斯.布莱克鲍罗 Sir Ernest Shackleton欧内斯特.沙克尔顿爵士 endurance/in'dju?r?ns/n.忍耐；持久；耐(性) hut/h?t/n.小屋；棚屋 stove/st?uv/n.炉子 unbearable/?n'b??r?bl/adj.无法忍受的；承受不住的 cosy/'kouzi/adj.舒适的，安逸的 block out封闭 breathless/'breθlis/adj.喘不过气来的 rotten/'r?tn/adj.腐烂的；变质的 blacken/'bl?k?n/vt.使变黑 circumstance/'s?:k?mst?ns/n.环境；详情；境况 blast/blɑ:st/n.一阵(风)；一股(气流) hoarse/h?:s/adj.嘶哑的 bless/bles/vt.祝福；保佑 selfish/'selfi?/adj.自私的 Tom Orde-Lees汤姆.奥德.利兹 hook/huk/n.钩；吊钩vt.钩住；迷上 aboard/?'b?:d/adv.在船(飞机、车等)上；上船(飞机、车等) seasickness n.晕船 anyhow/'enihau/adv.无论如何 steward/stju?d/n.乘务员；膳务员 crush/kr??/vt.碾碎；粉碎；(使)变形 mourn/m?:n/vi.哀悼；忧伤 urgent/'?:d??nt/adj.急迫的；紧急的 bedding/'bedi?/n.被褥；草垫 Hussey赫西 banjo/'b?nd??u/n.班卓琴；五弦琴 vital/'vaitl/adj.生死攸关的；重要的
Unit 1 Living well 知识目标 1．Get students to learn the useful words and expressions in this unit. eyesight，ambition，disabled，beneficial，in other words，clumsy，adapt，microscope，out of breath，absence，stupid，fellow，annoyed，all in all，industry，tank，make fun of，encouragement，adapt to 2．Help students to learn about disabilities and life of the disabled. 能力目标 1．Let students read the passage Marty's Story to develop their reading ability. 2．Enable students to know that people with disabilities can also live well. 情感目标 1．By talking about disabilities and life of the disabled，make sure students can learn some positive stories of the disabled. 2．Help them understand more about how challenging life can be for the disabled. 3．Develop students' sense of cooperative learning.
高中英语选修6 Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art(29th century to today) At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call "modern art". This is because the
高中英语学习材料 ***鼎尚图文理制作*** 第九周交通通讯与旅游 周一 1. A 解析:词义推测题。根据下句文字信息The nearest town, Garissa, is hundreds of kilometers away from these villages. 可知。 2. B 解析:推理判断题。A、C、D属于错误推断, 肯尼亚北部道路条件恶劣, 骆驼是较有效的运输图书的工具。 3. C 解析:与传统图书馆不同的地方在于驼背上的流动图书馆用骆驼把书带给人们。B、D 为错误陈述, A是与传统图书馆的相同之处。 周二 1. D 解析:推理判断题。根据全文内容, 尤其是文章最后一句The museum is a good way to learn about the interesting life of him. 2. C 解析:推理判断题。根据第二句He also loved words and writing. B根据这一段的第一句可知为错误判断。D的叙述没有错误, 但对于此段的写作目的而言角度太小。 3. C 解析:细节认定题。根据第四段中Porter was accused of financial wrongdoing at the bank and lost his job. Fearing a trial, he fled the country. 可知。 4. A 解析:排列顺序题。根据文章中时间顺序可知。 5. B 解析:推理判断题。A、D可以根据文章的最后一段排除。根据第一段欧·亨利出生时间和Beginning in 1893, he lived here. 以及第二段信息可知C为错误推理。 周三 1. D 解析:信件可以被欣赏, 被读, 被“重新读”。前三项都与本句内容不符。 2. C 解析:根据前一个分句中的内容可知几乎不费力气就可以用信件保持“友谊”。 3. A 解析:上文叙述的是信件的益处, 本段则用作者与哥哥重归于好的例子进行证明, 由此可知是“例证”。 4. C 解析:本段中间部分提到两人之间存在误解, 由此可知两个人在几年前相处得不好。get along相处融洽。 5. B 解析:根据本句后半部分中的内容可知两个人在小的时候关系非常密切, 只是随着年龄
英语选修课 王芳
Film review process： 1.Background information 2.Character analysis 3.Plot analysis 4.Theme discussion 5.Learn new words and phrases
"Crazy animal city" by Disney pictures produced the 3D animation, the film tells the story of a peaceful coexistence in all animal animal City, Judi rabbit through their efforts to complete their childhood dreams, become the animal police story. A modern city animal, every animal has their own homes here, there is the Sahara desert climate, perennial cold glaciers in the town square and so on, it is like a big pot, animal here Peaceful Coexistence -- whether it is an elephant or a little mouse, as long as you work hard, can make a go. Judi had a dream to become a rabbit animal city police, although all around like rabbit impossible when the police, but she was through their own efforts, to all among the big animal city police station, became the first rabbit officer. In order to prove himself, she
艺术是受一个民族的风俗和信仰影响。西方艺术风格经历了多次变革。因为西方艺术多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本书只谈及从公元六世纪开始以来最重要的几种艺术风格。 中世纪(5到15世纪) 在中世纪时期,画家的主要目的是把宗教主题表现出来。这一时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这时的典型绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴和敬重。但是，13世纪时绘画观念在改变是显而易见的，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种更现实的方式来画宗教场景。 文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪） 在文艺复兴时期,新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品，这样就可以装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家不仅让他们画他们的活动和成就，还要他们画自己的肖像、房子和所有物。 在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事务。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。 印象派(19世纪后期到20世纪初期) 19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会转变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。 印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，很多人不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。 现代艺术(20世纪到今天) 在印象派作品的创建初期，他们是存在着争议的，但是如今已经被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么真实，看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画风格？
人教版选修10课文译文 一次成功的失败经历 如果起初不成功，就要一次又一次地尝试。——W·C·菲尔兹 1914 年 8 月，珀斯·布莱克鲍罗参加了欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“持久号”轮船南极探险。沙克尔顿是他那个时代最负盛名的探险家，加入他的探险活动被认为是一种巨大的荣耀。现在请看读帕斯所讲故事的第一部分。 1916 年 8 月 29 日慢慢地，我把头探出睡袋，向四周看了看。一切都是灰色的：小屋里面看上去是灰色的，晨曦看上去是灰色的，燃油炉上噗噗作响的罐子也是灰色的。同往常一样，气味中混合着汗液、海豹油脂和脏内衣的味道，几乎让人难以忍受。我尝试着想一些快乐的事情：温暖和干爽的衣服、舒适的卧室、阳光灿烂的日子、妈妈的脸庞，以及返家后得到的庆贺，因为我是试图横穿南极大陆的一次失败探险活动的成员之一，这种事以前还没有人做过。正想到这儿，一条黑毛毯掉下来把我盖住，几乎把美好时光的记忆封闭住了。 一想到由于冻伤变黑而必须截去的腐烂的脚趾头，我就感到喘不过气来。我们的境况让人绝望，谁也不清楚会不会活着回去。也许好些年后，我们的尸体会被其他探险队所辨认并搜集起来。 正当我快要变得自我怜惜起来时，我们营棚的门开了，一股冷空气穿过营棚。“把门关上!”我用一种自己都快辨认不出来的沙哑的嗓音嚷嚷道。“坚持下去，珀斯。不要变成另一个汤姆。”一个声音在应答。“我们又逮住了一只企鹅，今晚有企鹅汤喝了!”保佑弗兰克一吓尔德，他可是我们的头儿欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之外最好的人啦。我怎么能像汤姆·奥德·利兹那样自私自利和脾气暴躁呢!我挣扎着下床，新的一天开始了。 当初宣布探险活动时，我才 20 岁，老梦想着要去冒险。所以在 1914 年 7 月的一个早晨，我是怀着无比激动的心情读以下这则广告的： 为危险之旅招募人手：工资低廉、寒冷无比、数月不见天日、无法确保安全返回。如果成功，荣耀和报酬将会接踵而至。欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士。 同伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士去南极探险——我被深深地迷住了!我是探险的门外汉，但我年轻，身体健康而且精力充沛。我偷偷地上了“持久号”轮船，藏在一个小橱里。直到轮船已开始航行了，我才被人发现，而且晕船晕得很厉害。不管怎么说，沙克尔顿似乎对我傻乎乎的行为感兴趣，并且接受了这种局面。他让我当一名伙计，协助做 28 个人一天三顿的饭菜。 1915 年 1 月 18 日，正当我们接近南极时，“持久号”被海上的浮冰(有的坚固无比，有的破裂成若干巨大的冰块浮在水上)卡住了。周围的冰都冻结了，我们千真万确地被困住了!轮船在我们的眼前慢慢地被挤坏。我相信沙克尔顿肯定会对这次探险意想不到的结局而痛心，但他并没有把时间浪费在遗憾和悔恨中。他镇静地把大家召集在一起，然后紧急宣布我们必须在船沉下去之前，只抢出基本给养，尤其是小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、卧具和衣服。为了显示自己的决心，沙克尔顿把一些金币和他的金表扔到冰上。然而，让我感到惊讶的是，他竟鼓励赫西带上班卓琴。他把班卓琴描述成让我们保持精神振奋的关键。 他的顽强精神赢得了我们对他的完全信赖。他对我们也总是坦诚相待(就像广告中那样)，他从不灰心丧气，从不放弃，甚至当轮船沉下去时也是如此。1916 年 4 月 9 日，我们搬到了大象岛上现在的宿营地。不久沙克尔顿给我们这里的生活列出了规矩：取消级别和社会地位上的差异，每个人都得忙起来；公平分配食物和卧具；关心每一个人。这种团队精神鼓舞了船员们的士气，并挽救了我们的生命。 我们在大象岛上一安顿好，沙克尔顿就马上向大家解释了他的营救计划：22 人留在这里，他挑选其他五个人去南乔治亚求援。由于谁也不知道我们身处何地，所以不能指望任何外部救援。我永远也不会忘记眼看着小船从哗哗作响的波浪中消失在波涛汹涌的大洋里的情景。留在大象岛上的人发誓要按他所主张的那样做：在他返回来救我们之前要保持乐观、恢复健康。
山东理工大学教案
Lesson 12 Persuasive speeches II Sample Speech with Commentary The following persuasive speech was presented in a public speaking class at the university of Wisconsin. It deals with a question of policy and is a good example of how students can utilize the methods of persuasion discussed in this chapter. Self-Defense on Campus Rebecca Hanson You’re tired; you’re hungry. You’re just spent a long day at College Library and you can’t wait to gel back to your room. Glancing outside, you remember how quickly it becomes dark. You don’t think much of it, though, as you bundle up and head out into the gusty wind. Not until you spy the shadows on the sidewalk or hear the leaves rustling beside you do you wish you weren’t alone. You walk quickly, trying to stop your imagination from thinking of murderers and rapists. Only when you are safely inside your room do you relax and try to stop your heart from pounding out of your chest. The speaker begins with an extended hypothetical example. Vivid and richly textured, it gains attention and relates the topic directly to the audience .It also contains a strong element of emotional appeal—especially for female students who have experienced the feelings described by the speaker. Can you remember a time when you felt this way? I would be surprised if you never have. The FBI reported last year that there were three murders, approximately 430 aggravated assaults, 1,400 burglaries, and 80rapes here in Madison alone. And while these statistics are quite alarming, they don’t even compare to the numbers of larger metropolitan areas. When you begin a speech with a hypothetical example, it’s a good idea to follow up with statistics showing that the example is not farfetched. The statistics in this paragraph are especially effective because they come from the city in which the speech was given.