Sentence Patterns
I. 研究概述常用句型
1. Previous research has shown that …
2. In most studies of … attention has been given to …
3. The previous work on … has indicated that it is …
4. … models have been proven useful in …
5. There have been a few studies highlighting …
6. Great concern have arisen … due to the increasing number of …
7. Most … conduct … testing on … to monitor … performance.
8. However, the problems exist in …
9. However, there appears to have …
10. Because of …, … is impossible.
II. 研究范围常用句型
1. With the aim of …
2. This paper is intended to …
3. This paper aims at providing …
4. The primary goal of this research is …
5. The overall objective of his study is …
6. The author(s) made this study in order to find …
7. The objective of his investigation is/was to …
8. The intention of this paper is to survey …
9. This paper deals with …
10. This report concentrates on …
11. This paper begins with the discussion of …
12. The paper addresses the problem of …
13. The greatest emphasis has been on …
14. This paper reviews / summarizes the theory from … viewpoint, discusses … and presents …
15. Based on …, … is described / discussed / presented / analyzed / dealt with this paper.
16. The influence of … on … is investigated.
17. In this paper, … is discussed / explored / analyzed.
18. This paper analyzes some important characteristics of …
19. The paper / article / report / study / investigation / author / writer describes …
20. The importance of … is discussed and the solution to … is addressed in this paper.
III. 研究方法常用句型
1. This is a working theory based on the idea that …
2. One of the great advantage of this method is …
3. The test is demonstrated by using …
4. A new method for solving this problem is presented …
5. The experiments on … have been carried out using …
6. The tests were carried out on …
7. The analysis was made with …
8. The technique applied is referred to as …
9. The experiment consisted of …
10. The theory is characterized by …
11. This formula is verified by …
12. The mechanism of … is examined.
13. The dependence of … was established.
14. The method used in the study is known as …
15. The research has recorded valuable data using the newly-developed method.
IV. 研究结果介绍常用句型
1. The results obtained are …
2. Studies have shown that …
3. Results show that …
4. The experimental results are summarized as follows.
5. It was found / observed between / in …
6. It has proved that …
7. New evidence indicates that …
8. The research work has brought about a discovery of …
9. A new model was found that …
10. We have found that …
V. 研究结论常用句型
1. It is concluded that …
2. The paper concludes that …
3. The findings of the research have led to the conclusion that …
4. Such a statistical method has been applied to …
5. Recommendations are made regarding …
6. The author proposes an approach to …
7. The fruitful work gives the explanation of …
8. The research conducted suggests that …
9. Suggestions were made for further study of …
10. It is suggested that …
江苏大学XXXX级研究生期末考试卷样卷 课程：英语学术论文写作时间：XXXX 1. What are the general linguistic features of English academic writing?(10%） A1: There are eight main features that are often discussed to represent the style of academic writing: complex, formal, objective, explicit, accurate, hedged, responsible and making reference to other writers’ work. 2. Compare the stylistic features of the following two passages . (15%) (1) With the maid holding the umbrella over her, she walked along the gravel path until she was under their window. The table was there, washed bright green in the rain, but the cat was gone. She was suddenly disappointed. The maid looked up at her. “Ha perduto qualque cosa, Signora? [Have you lost something, Madam?]” “There was a cat,” said the? American girl. “A cat?” “Si, il gatto. [Yes, a cat.]” “A cat?” the maid laughed. “A cat in the rain?” “Yes,” she said, “under the table.” Then: “Oh. I wanted it so much. I wanted a kitty.” When she spoke English the maid’s face tightened. “Come, Signora,” she said. “We must get back inside. You will be wet.” “I suppose so,” said the American girl. They went back along the gravel path and passed in the door. The maid stayed outside to close the umbrella. As the American girl passed the office, the padrone bowed from his desk. Something felt very small and tight inside the girl. The padrone made her feel very small and at the same time
Ⅰ. Gone up → increased set up → established Put up with → tolerate looking into → investigating Figure out → determine put into practice → implement Come up with → developed make up → constitute Get rid of → eliminate keep up → maintain Gone down → decrease thinking → considering Ⅱ. Structure of Data Commentary Data commentaries usually has these elements in the following order. 1.location elements and/or summary statements 2.highlighting statements 3.discussions of implications,problems,exceptions,recommendations,or other interesting aspects of the data 可能涉及到排序题，有例如下： ①A computer virus is a program that is specifically and maliciously designed to attack a computer system,destroying data.②As business have become inceasingly dependent on computers,e-mail,and the Internet,concern over the potential destructiveness of such viruses has also grown.③Table X shows the most common sources of infection for U.S. businesses.④As can be seen, in a great majority of cases,the entry point of the virus infection can be detected,with e-mail attachments being responsible for nearly 9 out of 10 viruses.⑤This very high percentage is increasingly alarming,especially since with a certain amount of caution such infections are largely preventable.⑥In consequence,e-mail users should be wary of all attachments,even thoes from a trusted colleague or a known sender.⑦In addition,all computers used for e-mail need to have a current version of a good antivirus progarm whose virus definitions are updated regularly.⑧While it may be possible to lessen the likelihood of downloading an infected file,businesses are still vulnerable to computer virus problems because of human error and the threat of new,quickly spreading viruses that cannot be identified by antivvirus software. ①②→Theory and common beliefs. ③→The start ④⑤⑥⑦⑧→Implications Ⅲ.信息性摘要 An informative abstract,as its name implies,summarizes the key points in the RP.It is an overview that briefly state the purpose,methods,results and conclutions with quantitative information. 信息性摘要主要报道论文的研究目的、研究方法、研究结果与结论。它是论文全文的高度浓缩，相当于论文的简介或概要，但它又不是简单对原文篇幅进行按比例的缩减，而是要进行深入加工。 比较流行的信息性摘要架构有： ①Objective→Methodology→Results→Conclusions ②Background→Purpose and aim→Methods→Results→Conclusions ③Background+purpose→Methodology→Result→Conclusion
《英语学术论文写作》课程标准 课程名称：英语学术论文写作 课程类别：专业必修课 教学学时：32（理论） 课程学分：2 先行课程：基础英语，英语写作等 适用专业：英语专业 参考教材：1、《英语专业学术论文写作手册》，外语教育与研究出版社，2006年2月（主编：周开鑫） 2、《英语学术论文写作实用教程》，苏州大学出版社，2012年10月（主编：陈新仁） 3、《实用英语学术论文写作》，对外经贸大学出版社，2014年9月（主编：刘宇红） 4、《英语学术论文写作教程》，西南交通大学出版社，2014年12月（主编：李向武） 一、课程性质 《英语学术论文写作》是英语专业课程中的一门必修课。该课程着眼于培养学生发现问题，分析问题和解决问题的能力，通过指导学生选题可以培养学生的发现问题能力；通过指导学生搜集、整理资料可以培养学生分析问题的能力；通过撰写，修改论文可以培养学生解决问题的能力。本课程按照学术论文写作一般顺序：选题，搜集、整理资料，撰写大纲，撰写论文，修改论文，答辩等环节，系统讲授学术论文写作的基本方法和规范。学生通过对该课程的系统学习，不仅可以掌握学术论文写作的基本技巧和方法，而且可以为毕业论文的写作做好准备，为将来从事科研工作打好基础。 二、课程目标 开设该课程的目标是为了系统地对高校外语专业学生进行科学研究方面基本知识的传授和基本技能的训练，以提高高校外语专业学生的科研素质，锻炼他们运用所学专业知识观察、分析、解决实际问题的能力，以及撰写学术论文、表达学术见解、推进学科发展等其他能力，并为即将开始的毕业论文写作做好充分的知识准备。 三、教学内容及学时分配 课程内容包括论文的选题，资料搜集，毕业论文提纲的拟定，毕业论文的撰写、修改与答辩等。 该课程安排在第六学期，每周2个学时，总学时为32学时。教学具体安排如下：
英语学术论文写作实践作业 作者 系（院）外国语学院 专业英语 年级2xxx级 学号 写作意向 旅游的快速发展以及随着中国融入全球化经济，中国与世界各国的交流不断增多，例如，加入WTO、2008年北京成功举办奥运会及上海世博会等，这些显示了中国在国际舞台上扮演越来越重要的角色。近些年来，越来越多的国家希望了解中国，许多外国朋友纷至沓来。特别是中国旅游风景名胜区，每年接待的外国游客越来越多。为了方便外国友人，我国旅游景区就必须提供英语景点导游词。旅游景点导游词主要指的是旅游景区公开和面对旅游者的告示、指示、提示、警示、标示等文字及图形信息，涉及到食、宿、行、游、娱、购等日常生活的方方面面。在旅游景区内，游客最为集中，与旅游宣传册、地图、宣传单等相比，景点导游词更加引人注目集中，更加直截了当地发挥其信息指示功能。由于旅游景点导游词需要及时满足的是社会公众和旅游者的直接社会、行为和心理需求，也反映了生活在这个社会群体的整体文化素质、道德修养和精神面貌，是一个国家对外交流水平和人文环境的具体体现。因此其翻译质量将会响到游客的旅游线路、兴致、感受及印象，进而间接影响我国旅游业的发展。因此，对旅游景点导游词的特点、翻译策略进行探讨具有一定的现实意义。 资料的初步整理 对于英语景点导游词，许多中外学者都做出自己的研究，提出自己的观点。以下是中外学术界的众多研究和观点。 蔡媛媛（2007）《英语景点导游词的语言特点》一文中指出，英语景点导游词具有相应的功能特点。（1）指示性。指示性景点导游词主要是提供给公众一些信息服务，没有任何限制或强制在内，同时也不强制要求公众采取任何行动，其功能只是指示服务内容。因此，指示性景点导游词也被称为指导性或引导性景点导游词。这也是景点导游词最基本、最主要的功能。例如：One Way （单行线）、Tickets （售票处）、Department Store （百货商场）。（2）提示性。提示性景点导游词提示性景点导游词提醒公众注意某些事情，同时提示性景点导游词也并不针对特殊或个别人群。这类景点导游词应用非常广泛，通过提示性景点导游词可以了解什么该做什么不该做，但是这种提示性景点导游词并不具有强制性，公众可根据实际情况来选择执行或不执行。例如：Caution！Radiation（当心射线）、Watch Your Hand（当心夹手）、Don’t Touch（请勿手扶）。（3）限制性。限制性景点导游词对有关公众提出限制或约束的要求，希望有关公众为了大众的利益遵守一定的规则。多数情况下限制性景点导游词语气较为直接，一目了然，但不会让人感到强硬、粗暴或无理。例如：Athletes Only （运动员专用通道）、Large Vehicles Keep Right （大型车靠右）。（4）强制性。强制性景点导游词对有关公众有较大约束力，要求有关公众必须或不得采取任何行动或严格遵守规则。这类景点导游词的语言直接、强制，没有任何商量的余地。例如：No Parking （禁止停车）。 上面是学者对景点导游词特点的研究，对于翻译，颜莉（2008）《英语景点导游词的文体特点及汉英翻译》一文中说到，在进行景点导游词的汉英翻译前，应先了解英语景点导游词的文体特点，这样才能更加准确地将汉语景点导游词译为地道的英语表达方式。代博君（2010）在《景点导游词的语言特征及翻译策略》一文中指出，景点导游词的翻译应属于实用翻译，也称语用翻译。法国翻译理论家Jean Delisle 将语用翻译界定为：运用语用学知识对语用文
《研究生英语学术论文写作基础》教师参考 作者：杨炳钧 复旦大学出版社，2009年 第一部分学术论文基本构件及其写法 课前准备 【提示】该环节可以让学生充分表达自己的看法，对错可以先不判定，本章学完之后再回过头加以分析。 1) The Methods of Improve your Oral English in Native Chinese-speaking School 【解答】首先，这个标题有语法错误和大小写错误，应当修改为The Methods of Improving Your Oral English in Native Chinese-speaking School；其次，其中的代词your用得不合适，因为它是一种对话口吻，一般不适宜于学术论文；另外，标题中一般尽可能不用功能词，即介词、冠词、连词等。如果要改进这个标题，可以表达为Methods of Improving College Students’ Oral English in China等。 2) The study of Chinese Teaching in Thailand Overseas School 【解答】该标题修饰关系不清，大小写有误，study等多余。可以改进为Teaching Chinese in Schools in Thailand等。 3) A New Opportunity to the moral development of rural left-behind children
【解答】该标题大小写有误；new的用法值得考虑，因为除非已经有所谓的opportunity，否则就没有什么new；修饰关系也有问题，尤其是to用得不对。可以改进为Opportunity for the Moral Development of Left-behind Children in Rural Regions等。 4) The H2O2-biosensor based on PVP and Nano-Au 【解答】这个标题相对较好，但大小写还有问题，冠词多余，限定不够明确。可以修改为Developing H2O2-biosensor Based on PVP and Nano-Au等。 5) The identification of PCV2 Gene 【解答】该标题主要毛病是冠词多余，限定不够。如果是研究如何辨别，那么可以修改为How to identify PCV2 Gene?或Identifying PCV2 Gene等。 6) advantages and challenges of electroplating on Magnesium alloys 【解答】这个标题的问题是大小写不规范。应当修改为Advantages and Challenges of Electroplating on Magnesium Alloys等。 7) The impact of threatening information on pain recover time 【解答】按照英式大小写，该标题大小写是规范的，但recover的修饰关系不明确；另外，冠词the可以省略。修改为Impact of threatening information on pain recovery time或Impact of Threatening Information on Pain Recovery Time等。 8) The Issues of Copyright in Cyber-space 【解答】这个标题相对较好，没太大问题。可以把the省略。 9) Research on student’s achievement assessment in mathematics.
学术论文写作课程总结 科研的进步在于科研工作之间交流，讨论，阅读。在第一节课，老师就告诉我们，面对全球众多的科研工作者来说，本领域学者之间的交流多以文字的形式进行。英语作为世界各国人们交流的一种流通语言，让那些非英语为母语和以英语为母语国家的科研人员不会对我们投稿的英语学术论文所要表达的内容产生歧义，才能达到学术交流与进步的目的。 在本次的英语学术论文写作课程学习中，我们组经历了第一次的细致分工，到以后的分工与合作相结合的进步。由于我的研究方向为InSAR监测矿区，在本次论文写作中主要负责我们‘空天地一体化矿区环境灾害监测’中D-InSAR监测矿区部分的实验以及数据分析的工作。同时，在小组汇报的过程中共同进行了第一部分Introduction 部分的汇报，完成了Authors and Keywords部分PPT的制作与汇报工作。从选择汇报PPT模板、搜集资料、总结资料，再到最后制作修改完成终稿，最后是台下的汇报演练，每个步骤的实践经历都给了我弥足珍贵的经验。 回首这学期本门课程的学习，我发现自己在慢慢地积累中有了很多的收获。首先，作为一个学制只有2年的工程硕士，在本学期已经完成了自己学位论文的开题工作，在下一个学期就要着手于自己学位论文的撰写工作。无论是发表期刊论文，还是撰写自己的学位论文，插入、添加参考文献都曾经是写作的一大难题。本次课程老师给我们介绍了几款文献管理器（Noteexpress，Endnote）。通过对文献管理器软件的学习与使用，让我熟悉了文献管理器，在本学期的其他专业课程中的论文写作中已经可以熟练使用，极大的方便了论文写作。其次，语料库的检索分析，制定自己论文写作方向，都对我的论文写作有着十分重要的作用。 接着就是自己关于学术论文写作方面的收获。从第一节课开始，老师给我们写学术论文的正确态度，给初入学术写作的我论文写作方面奠定了很好的基础。原来对英语论文的态度就是从中文的论文通过翻译软件直接进行翻译。在本次课程中，我们在老师的带领下，通过小组合作的形式，对introduction，methodology,results,conclusion等几个论文的主体部分，以及title，authors,abstract，keywords进行了细致的学习，理解了每个部分在论文中所起到的作用，以及写作这些部分的英文论文的时候所需要注意的时态语法主语人称等方面的问题。也让我明白，英语学术论文的写作，不应该是简单的中译英，而更重要的是自己的学术内容与思想能够清晰而又高效的传达出来，进而实现学术交流与提高的作用。
英文学术报告怎么写？ 学术报告尤其是英文学术报告的写作对于中国学生来说是一个薄弱环节，反之，国外的教育对此则相当重视。去国外学习，各种课程都可能要求你写报告，特别是商业、科学或技术类学科。依据内容及导师要求的不同，报告的形式可能有所差别，但是写作的过程却是相似的。美联英语学习网向您介绍英文学术报告怎么写？ 学术报告（academic report or paper）的写作包括阅读，思考，针对一个学术课题进行案例分析及写作，总体来说就是为了让你的读者以新的眼光来看待该课题。大学的学术报告与你之前所做过的其他类型的报告（如高中时期为完成老师布置的作业而写的报告）的不同之处在于，它既陈述了研究事实，又提出了你自己的推论。 写作过程指导： 1. 研究及总结（Research and Summarize） 研究所选的课题，找出针对课题的“who（谁），what（什么），when（何时），why（为什么）及how（如何）”的答案。总结收集到的信息，清楚自己所掌握的，评估自己所不知道的，以便专注于进一步的研究方向。列出一个参考书目来引用并避免抄袭。 阅读原始文献及补充信息并考虑关于课题的历史或流行观点。思考每篇文章的要点同时注意它们的共性。缩小你的课题范围这样你就可以准备写一篇充满智慧的报告了。 2．定义结构（Define the Structure） 定义报告的结构并将你的论点串联成一个连贯的推理。依据报告的主题制定一个大纲。以这种方式组织你的观点可以帮助你看到各个观点之间的关系。
大纲中的所标题结构要统一。例如如果你的第一个标题以一个行为动词（action verb）开头，那么所有其他标题都应该以行为动词开头。副标题（Sub-heading）应该包含支撑大标题的细节。重组你的大纲直到它能清晰的反映一个思想逻辑流程。 3. 写正文（Write your paper） 学术报告通常包含五个部分:标题页，引言（包含论文主题），背景信息，关于论点及结论的细节，陈述支持或反对某个特点观点的争论。 用辅助段落来讲述一个故事，提供一个观察的视角，描述一个过程，定义意义，对思想进行分类，比较和对比观点，类推或解释为什么这种现象会发生。提供证据，陈述假设并适当添加个人观点使论文连贯、清晰易懂。确保每段都有足够的结束语及过渡句。在学术报告中尽量减少使用个人代词如“我”。 4. 校对（Proofread） 打印并大声朗读报告来检查错误。保证报告没有语法及格式错误。 至此一篇英文学术报告就完成了，当然在做报告之前还要加强学术英语的学习，背诵一些相关专业的词汇和术语，并尽量多阅读一些英文的专业文献，做好基本功。
《学术论文写作》教学大纲 一、课程说明 1. 课程代码：1 2. 课程中文名称：学术论文写作 3. 课程英文名称：Academic Thesis Writing 4. 课程总学时数：16 5. 课程学分数：1 6. 授课对象：英语专业四年级学生 7. 本课程的性质、地位和作用 本课程是《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》中规定的必修课，也是我院针对英语专业四年级学生开设的一门专业选修课，在学科体系中居重要地位。本课程有利于培养学生进行科学研究的能力，并帮助、指导学生顺利完成毕业论文写作。毕业论文写作是大学英语专业教学计划中一个不可缺少的部分和实践环节，是考查学生综合能力、评估学业成绩的一个重要方式，是高校英语专业教学质量评估的重要内容。毕业论文写作的优劣决定学生毕业时可否被授予学士学位。本课程可以培养学生的科研创新意识、严谨工作态度，良好学术道德，锻炼学生的思维组织能力，训练学生的语言运用能力，激活学生的知识输出与输入。通过教学，使学生了解毕业论文的写作要求和撰写规范，知道，并掌握写作论文的方法。 二、教学基本要求 1. 本课程的目的、任务 本课程的教学目的在于培养学生撰写毕业论文的能力，要求学生对文献材料有一定的综合分析能力、并能用自己的语言表达个人观点和意见，同时还要求学生学会正确地引用他人的观点，避免有意或无意的抄袭现象。本课程的任务是使学生了解从选题、文献调研、资料分析、列提纲、起草、修改到编辑的写作基本方法和基本技能，了解毕业论文开题报告、文献综述、摘要、引言、正文、结语的写作方法及文献引用方法等，为学生毕业论文写作提供指导和帮助，对学生进行基本的科研能力训练，培养学生的创新意识及独立思维、科学探索的能力。
外国语学院英语系 英语学术论文写作课程论文 题目:The Correlation between English Majors’ English Learning Motivation and Their Learning Strategies 姓名: 学号： 班级：2011级6班 日期: 2013年12月 评 语
成绩 教师签名：
Contents Abstract (i) 摘要 (ii) 1.Introduction (1) 1.1 Background of the Study (1) 1.2 Significance of the Study (2) 1.3 Purpose of the Study (2) 1.4 Overview of the Thesis (2) 2.Literature Review (3) 2.1Research on English Learning Motivation (3) 2.1.1 Definition of ELM (3) 2.1.2 Classification of ELM (4) 2.1.2.1 Integrative Motivation and Instrumental Motivation (4) 2.1.2.2 Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation (5) 2.1.2.3 The Relationship between the Two Motivational Dichotomies.6 2.2 Research on English Learning Strategies (6) 2.2.1 Definition of ELS (7) 2.2.2 Classification of ELS (7) 2.3 Research on the Relationship of English Learning Motivation and English Learning strategies (10) 3. Methodology (11) 3.1Question.... . (11) 3.2 Subjects (12) 3.3 Instruments (12) 3.4 Data Collection (13) 3.5 Data Analysis (13) 4.Results and Discussion (13) 4.1 Results from ELM Questionnaire (13) 4.2 Results from ELS Questionnaire (16)
研究生英语学术论文写 作考试大概 集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
Ⅰ. Gone up → increased set up →established Put up with → tolerate looking into →investigating Figure out → determine put into practice → implement Come up with → developed make up →constitute Get rid of → eliminate keep up →maintain Gone down → decrease thinking →considering Ⅱ. Structure of Data Commentary Data commentaries usually has these elements in the following order. 1.location elements and/or summary statements 2.highlighting statements 3.discussions of implications,problems,exceptions,recommendations,or other interesting aspects of the data
可能涉及到排序题，有例如下： ①A computer virus is a program that is specifically and maliciously designed to attack a computer system,destroying data.②As business have become inceasingly dependent on computers,e-mail,and the Internet,concern over the potential destructiveness of such viruses has also grown.③Table X shows the most common sources of infection for U.S. businesses.④As can be seen, in a great majority of cases,the entry point of the virus infection can be detected,with e-mail attachments being responsible for nearly 9 out of 10 viruses.⑤This very high percentage is increasingly alarming,especially since with a certain amount of caution such infections are largely preventable.⑥In consequence,e-mail users should be wary of all attachments,even thoes from a trusted colleague or a known sender.⑦In addition,all computers used for e-mail need to have a current version of a good antivirus progarm whose virus definitions are updated regularly.⑧While it may be possible to lessen the likelihood of downloading an infected file,businesses are still vulnerable to computer virus problems because of human error and the threat of new,quickly spreading viruses that cannot be identified by antivvirus software.
第一章测试 1 【判断题】(5分) Peopledoresearchinordertohaveabetterunderstandingofourworld. A. 对 B. 错 2 【判断题】(5分) Wedon’tneedtobecreativeinresearchasanyresearchisbasedonevidences. A. 错 B. 对 3 【判断题】(5分)
Goodresearchquestionsareimportantinresearch. A. 错 B. 对 4 【判断题】(5分) Literaturereviewisneededinsomeresearchpapers. A. 对 B. 错 5 【判断题】(5分) Agoodresearchpaperneedscarefulrevisingandproofreading. A. 错
B. 对 6 【判断题】(5分) Unintentionalplagiarismcanbeexcusedasitisnotcommitteddeliberately. A. 对 B. 错 7 【判断题】(5分) Academicfalsificationisonecommontypeofacademicdishonesty. A. 对 B. 错
8 【多选题】(5分) Whatroledoesaliteraturereviewplayinaresearchpaper? A. Itenhancesthecredibilityofyourpaper. B. Itprovestheexistenceofaresearchgap. C. Itsynthesizestheexistingstudiesinyourarea. D. Itprovidesevidencesforyourargument. 9 【单选题】(5分) WhichofthefollowingisNOTanessentialstepinaresearchpaperwriting? A. Choosingatopic
英文学术论文写作技巧（常用句型） 用英语写学术论文的目的主要有两个，一是参加国际学术会议，在会议上宣讲，促进学术交流；二是在国际学术刊物上发表，使国外同行了解自己的研究成果，同样也是出于学术交流的目的。不同的学科或领域、不同的刊物对论文的格式有不同的要求，但各个领域的研究论文在文体和语言特点上都有许多共性。了解了这些语言共性，便会起到触类旁通的作用。 对我国青年学者或学生来说，用英语写作的难点不是没有写作材料，不是不熟悉专业词汇，也不是没有打下良好的英语基础。用英语写论文难，是因为不太了解学术英语的语言特点。关于学术英语写作的语言技巧，我们已在第一部分作了较详细的介绍。此部分讨论学术论文写作的方法，包括学术论文写作中常用的句型结构，我们都在此作较详细介绍，以便读者模仿练习，将写作工作化难为易。 一般来说，一篇完整规范的学术论文由以下各部分构成： Title(标题) Abstract(摘要) Keywords(关键词) Table of contents(目录) Nomenclature(术语表) Introduction(引言) Method(方法) Results(结果) Discussion(讨论) Conclusion(结论) Acknowledgement(致谢) Reference(参考文献) Appendix(附录) 其中Title，Abstract，Introduction，Method，Result，Discussion，
Conclusion，Reference等八项内容是必不可少的(其他内容根据具体需要而定)。在这八项内容中，读者最多的是Title，Abstract和Introduction部分，读者会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。也就是说，一篇研究论文赢得读者的多少，在很大程度上取决于Title，Abstract和Introduction写得好坏。因此这三项内容将各分章详细加以讲述。 学术论文的正文一般包括Method，Result，Discussion三个部分。这三部分主要描述研究课题的具体内容、方法，研究过程中所使用的设备、仪器、条件，并如实公布有关数据和研究结果等。Conclusion是对全文内容或有关研究课题进行的总体性讨论。它具有严密的科学性和客观性，反映一个研究课题的价值，同时提出以后的研究方向。 标题的写法 论文标题是全文内容的缩影。读者通过标题便能够预测论文的主要内容和作者的意图，从而决定是否阅读全文。因此，为了使文章赢得有关领域里众多的读者，论文的标题必须用最精炼的语言恰如其分地体现全文的主题和核心。本章主要探讨英语学术论文标题的语言特点及写法。 6.1 标题的长度 标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等 1) Fire Resistant Steels for Construction: Design, Properties and Microchemistry 9 6 1 2 2) Damping Capacity of Shape Memory Alloy 6 5 1 0 3) Microelectronic Assembly and Packaging Technology: Barriers and Needs 8 5 0 3 14) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: A Survey 6 4 0 2 5) Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials 7 4 1 2 6) Computer Simulation and Experimental Study on Cold Shut During Mold Filling 11 5 2 4 英语科技论文中，标题不宜过长，大多为8—12个单词左右。表6.1和表6.2 列出了一些学术论文的标题的字数及词性统计资料。 表6.1 学术论文标题中字数及词性统计(一) 标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等
班级：英语2班学号：2010103060 姓名：曹慧娟 Title: （10points) An Analysis of Jane Eyre’s Love Value Literature Review: (20points) Jane Eyre ranks as one of the greatest and most perennially popular works of English fiction. Xie xiulong thought that In his eyes.the love value of Jane is freedom,equality,dignity and true love.Although the poor but plucky heroine is outwardly of plain appearance, she possesses an indomitable spirit, a sharp wit and great courage. She is forced to battle against the exigencies of a cruel guardian, a harsh employer and a rigid social order.Besides,in the view of Jiang hua modern woman must be strengthen,brave and gentle owing to Jane Eyre .However,all of which circumscribe her life and position when she becomes governess to the daughter of the mysterious, sardonic and attractive Mr Rochester. there is great kindness and warmth in this epic love story, which is set against the magnificent backdrop of the Yorkshire moors.,the opinion of Zhao yuhua,Henan Jiaozuo University professor.Denglan thought that this novel has expressed a kind of religious love value,namely,penetration in the secular Christian ideas and ethical color with Christ. Different people from diverse backgrounds have different views about the love value of Jane Eyre,in my opinion,this novel has expressed the female consciousness ,rebellion,and the growth of woman.This incredible lady in her beloved story has carried on through the centuries to inspire all its readers. Abstract: (20points) Nineteenth Century England was characterized by unique moral, political, and social beliefs. In turn, such beliefs shaped how individuals viewed such things as marriage and class divisions. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre can be seen as a snapshot in history, a social commentary which subtly reveals a distaste for traditional Victorian beliefs. .Jane Eyre is the main character in the novel named Jane by Charlotte Bronte.She is but a fictional character,and in our hearts she will stay.This incredible lady in her beloved story has carried on through the centuries to inspire all its readers.The novel follows the life of Jane Eyre from childhood through adolescence and adulthood. She is portrayed as a female heroine who oversteps the gender and class barriers of her time to pursue and secure her own happiness. Outline: (30points) Introduction: The thesis discusses the love value of Jane Eyre. Jane Eyre is Charlotte’s best literary production.In writing it, the author drew a great deal from her own life-experience. The novel show us a new woman on 19th century in England. The purpose of the thesis: This thesis aims at Jane Eyre’s sense of love. Under her rebellion and self-respect, she literally has got a fiery heart for her love.Jane Eyre is the main character in the novel named Jane by Charlotte Bronte.She is but a fictional character,and in our hearts she will stay.The thesis discusses from the character of female,the formation of this novel and the meaning of the value. Chapter 1 .Jane Eyre’s Love Value A. Her Rebellion and Love Value B. Her Attitude Towards Men C. Her Female Consciousness Chapter 2 The formation of Jane Eyre’s Love Value A. The Background of the Society