用介词短语来代替状语从句
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第三讲状语及状语从句[思维导图]Ⅰ.状语1.概念:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。
2.功能:一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、条件、让步、方式、程度等意义。
3.充当状语的词:状语可由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、状语从句等充当。
4.位置:(1)通常在句子基本结构后,强调时放在句首;(2)修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰词之前;(3)表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般放在时间状语之前;(4)一些表示频度的副词(如often,almost等)作状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后、实义动词之前。
He did his homework carefully.(副词作状语)他认真地做了作业。
She goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语作状语)她星期天出去购物。
Feeling tired,he went to bed without supper.(非谓语动词作状语)他感到很累,没吃晚饭就上床睡觉了。
Ⅱ.状语从句一、时间状语从句1.when,while与as引导的时间状语从句Metals expand when they are heated.金属受热时膨胀。
While /When I was reading,he came in.我正在看书时,他进来了。
The students sang as they walked.学生们边走边唱。
2.before与since引导的时间状语从句(1)before与since的常用句式It will be half a year before I come back.我半年之后才回来。
It won’t be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面。
It was three days before he came back.三天后他才回来。
天津高中英语从句语法归纳总结总结一从句的基础概念由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子叫做复合句。
所谓主句,就是在复合句中起统领作用的句子,它是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;而从句则是复合句的一个句子成分,不能独立存在。
如:You’ll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。
主句是You’ll feel better,从句是after you take the pills,由after 引导,在整个复合句中用作状语,表示时间。
注意,英语的复合句不是简单句的反面,不要将它误解为“复杂句”。
事实上,英语的简单句有时也可以比较“复杂”,而复合句也可以比较“简单”。
如:He stopped because he was tired. 他停下来是因为他累了。
这个句子比较“简单”,却是一个典型的复合句,其中的he stopped 是主句,because he was tired是从句,在复合句中用作状语,表示原因。
从句的分类一般说来,一个从句在复合句充当什么成分我们就叫它为什么从句——从句在复合句用作主语,我们就叫它为主语从句;从句在复合句用作宾语,我们就叫它为宾语从句等。
如:He answered that he knew nothing about it. 他回答说他不知情。
that 引导的从句在复合句中用作动词answered的宾语,因此为宾语从句。
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。
be动词后做表语从句He was rather pleased when he won that prize. 他获奖后相当高兴。
用状语表时间,也叫时间状语从句。
名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的充当的成分和其名称相同,分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
比较状语从句的引导词及句式转换比较状语从句是英语中常用的引导词和句式转换形式之一。
它用于比较两个或多个事物、情况或观点之间的差异或相似之处。
本文将介绍比较状语从句的引导词及句式转换,并分析不同引导词的用法。
一、比较状语从句的引导词1. 比较级 + than(比…更…)比较级 + than 结构常用于对同一类事物或人的比较。
比较级是比较状语从句中最常用的形式。
例如:- She is taller than her sister.(她比她妹妹高。
)- This book is more interesting than that one.(这本书比那本书更有趣。
)2. as + adj./adv. + as(像…一样…)as + adj./adv. + as 结构表示两个事物在某种程度上是相同的。
当程度相同时,常用该句式。
例如:- He is as tall as his father.(他和他父亲一样高。
)- She runs as fast as her brother.(她跑得和她兄弟一样快。
)3. not as/so + adj./adv. + as(不如…那样…)not as/so + adj./adv. + as 结构表示两个事物在某种程度上是不同的,前者程度较低。
当程度不同时,常用该句式。
例如:- My car is not as expensive as yours.(我的车不如你的车贵。
)- She doesn't sing as well as her sister.(她唱得不如她姐姐好。
)4. the + 比较级, the + 比较级(越来越…)the + 比较级, the + 比较级结构表示随着某种变化,两个事物的关系也在变化。
常用于描述趋势或变化过程。
例如:- The older he gets, the wiser he becomes.(他越老越聪明。
)- The harder you work, the better results you will achieve.(你工作越努力,取得的成果越好。
状语从句一、时间状语从句1、引导词:when, while, as(1)when的用法①既可以引导一个延续性动作,也可以引导短暂性动作可用于主从句动作同时发生,也可用于从句动作先于主句动作②可做并列连词,意为“那时,这时,突然”,相当于at this/that timeI was reading a novel when someone knocked at the door.还可以表示原因,意为“既然”;表条件,相当于ifHow can you hope to get mercy when you don’t show mercy on others?(when=if)③be doing when + did突然,意想不到的结果be about to do...when...我刚准备干...突然...had just done...when...我刚刚做完...突然...(2)while的用法①while引导必须是持续性的,侧重主从句动作同时发生Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.②可做并列连词,意为“而,却”,表对比While Tom was studing, Ted was playing computer games.③引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”,相当于though, althoughWhile I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.(3)as的用法as引导延续性动作,主从句主语是相同的,多表示主从句动作同时发生意为“一边......一边......;随着”Jane sings as she works.2、引导词:as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, the moment, the minute, once, no sooner... than..., hardly/scarecely...when...都意为“一......就......”,从句中用一般现在时代替将来时Once you remember it, you will never forget it.注意:no sooner......than......hardly............when......scarecely........when......↓↓用过去完成时一般过去时I had hardly got home when it began to rain.若把no sooner, hardly, scarecely放在句首,其后的句子要倒装No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.3、引导词:till, until, not...until...(1)肯定句:意为“某动作一直持续到某时间点才停止”“一直到......”Please wait until I come back.(2)否定句:意为“某动作一直到时间某点才开始”“直到......才......”He won’t go to bed till/until she returns.(3)till不可用于句首,而until可以Until you told me I had no idea of it.(4)not...until...句式的强调与倒装用法强调句:It be + not until + that + 主语+ 动词过去式It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.4、引导词:before, since(1)若表达“还未......就......”“不到......就”“......才......”“趁......还没来得及”要用before We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.(2)It will be + 一段时间+ before sb. do sth. “多久之后才......”It will be half a year before I come back. It was (not)...before...“不久......就......”(3)since引导从句的谓语动词一般过去时,主句现在完成时/现在完成进行时She has been working in this factory since she left school.(4)在It is + 一段时间+ since 从句的句型中,时间计算一律从since从句的动作完成或结束状态时算It is three years since she was in our class.It was 3 years since he had lived there.他不住这儿已经3年了。
考研英语十二大基础语法体系学地道的英语的两个重要方法:parallel writing, and reverse translation,即平行写作和逆翻译。
所谓平行写作,就是模仿英语的句子写类似的句子。
而逆翻译就是先把英语译成汉语,或根据汉语的译文,再把汉语翻译成英语,再把英语译文同原文比较,分析差异。
这两种方法能避免汉语式英语。
二、被动语态在英语中,语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语的关系。
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态(active voice) 表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态(passive voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。
如:More and more people use computers now.(主动语态)Computers are more and more widely used now.(被动语态)English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态)(二)英汉两种语言在表达被动方式上的差异汉语表达被动语态非常简单明了,用“被”“遭”“受”等词来表示,如“被捕”、“被杀”、“受到凌辱”等。
而英语表达被动的方式也不复杂,用“助动词be+动词的过去分词”表示。
其中助动词be有人称、数量和时态的变化,而这正是英语被动语态的难点。
(三)被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
这里要强调一定是及物动词的过去分词,因为不及物动词不能带宾语,也就不可能有被动语态。
英语主动语态有16个时态;被动语态(四)被动语态的用法1、不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。
换个说法,有一件事情不知道是谁干的或者不想说出是谁干的,这时就用被动语态。
例如:I felt a littlie nervous when I was being interviewed. 我接受面试的时候,有点紧张。
These fighters are imported from Russia. 这些战斗机是从俄国进口的。
条件状语从句的不同形式与用法解析条件状语从句是英语中常见且重要的从句之一,它用来表达某种条件下会发生的情况。
条件状语从句有多种形式和用法,下面将对其进行详细解析。
1. 基本形式:如果/假如/倘若/要是/如果…的话条件状语从句的基本形式是由"If"或者"unless"引导的一个完整的句子,如:"If it rains, we will stay at home."(如果下雨,我们会呆在家里。
)或者:"Unless she studies hard, she won't pass the exam."(如果她不努力学习,她就不能通过考试。
)2. 省略形式:并列连词、条件副词或否定词引导有些条件状语从句可以省略"If",直接用并列连词、条件副词或否定词引导,如:"Should you have any questions, feel free to ask."(如果你有任何问题,随时问。
)或者:"Whether you come or not, I will still go to the party."(无论你来不来,我都会去参加派对。
)另外,当主句和条件状语从句的主语和谓语相同时,常常可以省略条件状语从句的主语和谓语,如:"Had I known earlier, I would have helped."(要是我早知道,我本来会帮忙的。
)3. 强调形式:Only if/On condition that强调形式的条件状语从句使用"only if"或"on condition that"来表达特定的条件,如:"Only if you promise to be careful can you go out alone."(只有在你保证小心的情况下,你才能独自出去。
句子成分之——-状语的具体讲解(二)时间状语具体用法:时间状语导读:一、能做状语的成分1。
名词做状语2。
介词短语做状语(介绍了很多搭配时间的介词)3。
时间状语从句(分别介绍了不同引导词用法)(1)表示“当…时候" while,when,as(2)由before和after引导的时间状语从句(3)until 和till表示“直到"(4)since表示“自从”或者“自从这件事结束"(5)由as soon as, 表示“一…就…”(6)by the time each time,every time二、常用时态中的标志性时间状语一、能做状语的成分1。
名词作状语常做状语的名词有:today,yesterday, tomorrow,this 或that + morning/afternoon/evening/night/day/week/month/year…名词做主语放在句首句尾都可以:Yesterday,I got my new book published。
=I got my new book published yesterday。
昨天我出版了我的新书。
2。
介词短语做时间状语表示在某时间.常用介词at,on,in等。
用 at 来表示在某一段时刻:at dawn/daybreak:在黎明at six :在6点钟at midnight :在午夜用 at 来表示在……岁时at sixteen/at the age of sixteen :16岁的时候用 on 来表示在星期几/某日on Monday :在星期一on January fifth:在1月5日on Christmas Day :在圣诞节那一天也可用at Christmason New Year’s Day:在新年那天用in来表示一天中的早中晚,月份,季节或年份in the morning/afternoon/evening在早晨,下午,晚上in January/ February在一月,二月in Spring在春天in 2014在2014年表示期间常用介词during,for,over,within,throughout,from和to等。
2019年高考英语语法必考考点(12):状语从句含解析李仕才【考点解读】在复合句中,修饰主句或主句谓语的句子叫作状语从句。
状语从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。
状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、比较和目的等九大类。
一、状语从句引导词列表从句类型从属连词时间状语从句as, after, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, as soon as地点状语从句where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere原因状语从句because, since, as, now (that), seeing that, considering that, in that 结果状语从句that, so that, so/such ...that ...目的状语从句so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, for the purpose that条件状语从句if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, in case, provided that 比较状语从句than, as ...as, not so/as ...as方式状语从句as, as if/though, how让步状语从句though, although, even if/though, however, whatever, as, while【点睛】(1)上述有些连词除了能引导状语从句外,还可引导定语从句和名词性从句。
在使用的时候,要根据句子结构和句意来判别和区分不同的从句,正确使用引导词。
以where为例,试比较下列多种从句的区别。
You are to find it where you left it. (地点状语从句)Tell me the address where he lives. (定语从句,先行词为the address)I don’t know where he came from. (宾语从句)Where he has gone is not known yet. (主语从句)This place is where they once hid. (表语从句)(2)在两个分句间要有一个且只有一个连词,千万不能按汉语习惯。
1)不定代词有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。
2)不定代词的功能与用法a. 除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词,也可用作形容词。
every和no在句中只能作定语。
I have no idea about it.b. all 都,指三者以上。
all 的主谓一致:all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。
All goes well. 一切进展得很好。
all 通常不与可数名词单数连用,如:不说all the book,而说the whole book。
但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用,如all day,all night,all the year;但习惯上不说all hour,all century。
all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用,如all China,all the city,all my life,all the way3)both 都,指两者。
a. both 与复数动词连用,但both…and…可与单数名词连用。
b. both, all 都可作同位语,其位置在行为动词前,be 动词之后。
如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省去,则位于助动词或情态动词之前。
Who can speak Japanese? We both (all) can.4)neither 两者都不a. neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
b. 作定语与单数名词连用,但neither…nor 用作并列连词,可与复数名词连用。
用介词短语来代替状语从句
While it is being compacted, considerable lateral横(向)的pressure is exerted by
concrete.
If pressure is constant, gases will expand when heated.
If values of W are small, the impedance of the capacitor is large relative to R.
When temperatures are greater than 60℃,this equation does not apply.
While it is being compacted, considerable lateral pressure is exerted by concrete.
During compacting/compactification, (a) considerable lateral pressure is exerted by
the concrete.
At/For/With constant pressure, gases will expand when heated.
For/With small values of ω, the impedance of the capacitor is large relative to R.
At/With temperatures greater than 60oC, this equation does not apply.
名词短语代替状语从句
If the diode is analyzed physically, it can be shown that
In this case electrons will possess more energy, so that the brightness of the spot can
be increased.
A physical analysis of the diode shows that
In this case electrons will possess more energy, thus increasing the brightness of the
spot.
water which has been distilled some distilled water
bridge which has been incorrectly designed an incorrectly designed bridge
substances which are not known the unknown substances
problem which has still not been solved an unsolved problem
which are made by man man-made satellites
which are modulated in amplitude振幅amplitude-modulated signals
which is plated with chromium铬chromium-plated steel
which are driven by wind wind-driven pumps
instruments which are used the instruments used
number of mistakes which have been found the number of mistakes found
new cars which a used for racing the new racing cars
which is used for drawing drawing paper
which fall freely freely falling bodies
country which produces oil an oil-producing country
point at which it boils the boiling point
is tested in this way material so/thus tested
which has blue lines blue-lined paper
saw which has wide teeth a wide-toothed saw
triangle which has acute angles an acute-angled triangle
将下面句子翻译虚拟语气
若没有半导体(semiconductor),卫星通讯(satellite communications)就不可能了。
②我们本来也可以用定理(theorem)(6)来导出(derive)式(5)
③一旦出现什么情况,尽快让我们知道。
④数字(digital)设计人员(designer)很好地了解布尔代数(Boolean algebra)是十分必
要的。
⑤有人建议在太空制造药物(drug).
⑥这来自于输出要稳定(stable)这一需要(necessity)。
⑦其条件是(x-a)为一个根(root)。
⑧这根传输线(transmission line)的作用好像它是开路(open-circuit)似的。
⑨我们周围的一切东西,无论是空气、水还是木头(wood),都是物质
1 Without semiconductors, satellite communications would be impossible.
2 We could also have used Theorem (6) to derive Eq. (5).
3 Should anything happen, let us know as soon as possible.
4 It is quite essential that digital designers (should) have a good knowledge of
Boolean algebra.
5 It is suggested that drugs be made in space.
6 This comes from the necessity that the output be stable.
7 Its condition is that (x – a) be a root.
8 This transmission line acts as if it were open-circuit.
9 Everything around us, be it air, water or wood, is matter.
名词化结构主语
If the thickness of the lagging(绝热材料)is increased, it will reduce the heat losses.
If machines are tested by this method, there will be some loss of power.
If the temperature rises by 50℃, it would result in a in Zener voltage of %.
If these listings are studied , it will greatly help the programmer in finding any
errors made in writing the program.
If the diode(二极管)is physically analyzed, it will be shown that the current and
voltage are related by the following equation
An increase in the thickness of the lagging will reduce the heat losses.
The testing of machines by this method will entail/result in some loss of power.
A temperature rise of 50oC [OR: A rise in/of temperature by 50oC] would result in a
change in Zener voltage of %.
A study of these listings will greatly help the programmer in finding any errors made
in writing the program.
A physical analysis of the diode shows that the current and voltage are related by
the following equation.