Spot dictation
4B
After You Listen
1. was established in 1913
2. the colonial name of Mumbai
3. most are musicals
4. impressive structures
5. appeal to
6. a cultural connection with India
5A
After you listen
1.exposed to the dangers of deadly floods
2.ignore the problem of rising sea level
3.challenging circumstances
4.distributed
5.engineers
6.rarely widespread
7.certain sectors
8.perfectly pleasant to reside in
9.sink beneath the waves
6B
After You Listen
1. a feeling of horror
2. confusion about the true nature of sharks
3. quite inaccurate
4. bite humans
5. factual information
10A
After You Listen
1.slides down the side of a mountain
2. unstoppable, destroying houses and buildings
3. in its path
4. shifts may lead to a rise
5. Increased melting and freezing
6. more frightening consequences
7. a deep layer of snow
8. rescue dogs
9. excellent sense of smell
10. uncover the person
Cloze
Page 9
1. invaded
2. contrasting
3. assumption
4. immigration
5. Remarkably Page 12
1. identify
2. processed
3. civilization
4. evidence
5. remarkable
6. aggressive
7. assumed
Page 17
1. constantly
2. alarmed
3. harmed
4. awareness
5. unknown
Page 24
1. remarkable
2. obedient
3. Collapsed
4.interact
5. companion
6. Domestic Page 36
1. preserve
2. attached
3. analysis
4. deduced
5. sacrifice
6. worship Page 47
1. located
2. threatened
3. modernizing
4. sightseers
5. economic
Page 51
1. supposedly
2. permitted
3. cave
4. preservation
5. policies
Page 75
1. comprehend
2. arranged
3. hypothesize
4. gather
5. categorized
Page 77
1. hit and run
2. confused a human with a seal
3. understand them better
After You View
Page 105
1. translators
2. unpredictable
3. financed
4. consented
5. Wisdom
Reading
Page 19
Dogs in a Human World
The partnership between humans and dogs began perhaps 14,000 years ago. Our first interactions may have occurred when wild dogs were attracted to human garbage, or humans may have acquired the puppies of wild dogs and trained them to be obedient pets. By means of the careful selection of dog parents, humans have been able to create a wonderful variety of dogs with plenty of talents and many different looks. Here are three examples of "a dog's life" in the human world.
The working dog
Jacques is one of many beagles that work at airports for the U.S. government in a program known as the Beagle Brigade. Beagles were chosen for this work because of their powerful noses. Their job is to smell and alert officers to illegal fruits, vegetables, and other foods in luggage or in mail. They do the job far better than humans could alone.
Some of the beagles who work in the program are donated by private owners, but many are ownerless beagles rescued from animal shelters. Many beagles who were scheduled to be euthanized are now working to keep their country safe from disease. Treated like a queen
Tiffy, a beautiful eight-pound maltese is treated like a queen in New York City.
Her owner, Nancy Jane Loewy, carefully prepares her meals of lamb, steak, salmon, tuna, chicken, and a variety of fresh vegetables. Tiffy also gets low-fat yogurt and cookies after dinner. Why? Loewy replies, "I have a dog because the dog needs me."
Leowy, whose husband has a high-paying job and whose two sons are away at school, has the time and money to treat Tiffy extremely well, and she truly enjoys doing so. "I want to give her the healthiest, most wonderful life possible for as long as possible."The animal carer
Jessie is a whippet that visits children who are fighting deadly diseases. She brightens patients' days with love and gives children a chance to exercise. At the National Institutes of Health, Jessie helps patients like young Lukas Parks to stay strong during their long hospitalization.
Whether as workers or objects of affection, dogs have certainly proven themselves to be beneficial to humans in many ways. At the same time, their special place as "man's best friend" has allowed dogs to survive in a human world. While wolves and wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the earth, domestic dogs continue to grow in number, thanks to their special relationship with humans.
A. Multiple Choice.
Question 1. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
Question 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
Question 3. Which one is NOT true according to the passage?
Question 4. Which one of the following is NOT a reason Loewy treats Tiffy extremely well?
Question 5. Which dog eats human food?
人类和狗之间的合作始于大约14000年前。我们第一次交互可能发生当野狗吸引人类垃圾,或者人类可能获得野生狗和训练他们的小狗听话的宠物。通过仔细选择狗的父母,人类已经能够创建一个美妙的各种各样的狗,大量的人才和许多不同的样子。这里有三个例子的“狗的生活”在人类世界。
工作的狗
雅克是许多米格鲁猎犬,在机场为美国政府工作在一个程序中被称为小旅。米格鲁猎犬选择这个工作是因为他们强大的鼻子。他们的工作是嗅觉和警报官员非法水果、蔬菜和其他食物在行李或邮件。他们做这个工作远比人类孤独。
米格鲁猎犬的工作程序中由私人所有者捐赠,但许多人无主的米格鲁猎犬从动物收容所获救。现在许多米格鲁猎犬将安乐死的人努力保持他们的国家免受疾病。
当成皇后
Tiffy,美丽的8磅马耳他当成皇后在纽约市。她的主人,南希简Loewy,精心准备饭菜的羔羊肉,牛排,鲑鱼,金枪鱼,鸡肉,和各种新鲜蔬菜。饭后Tiffy也会低脂酸奶和饼干。为什么?Loewy回答说:“我有一只狗,因为狗需要我。”
Leowy,她的丈夫有一份高收入的工作和他们的两个儿子在学校,有时间和金钱治疗Tiffy非常好,而且她真的喜欢这样做。“我想给她最健康,最美妙的生活尽可能长时间的可能性。“
动物看护
杰西是一个访问孩子的小灵狗战斗致命疾病。她用爱照亮患者的天,给孩子一个锻炼的
机会。在美国国立卫生研究院,杰西帮助病人像小卢卡斯公园长住院期间保持强劲。
是否为工人或对象的感情,狗显然已经证明自己是有利于人类在很多方面。与此同时,他们的特别的地方为“人类最好的朋友”允许狗在人类世界中存活。而狼和野狗几乎从地球上消失,国内狗数量继续增长,由于它们与人类之间的特殊关系。
问题1。在写这篇短文的作者的目的是什么?
问题2。下列哪一项不是文章中提到的?
问题3。根据段落哪一个不是真实的?
问题4。下列哪一个不是Loewy 对Tiffy极好的理由?
问题5。哪条狗吃人类的食物?
Page 27
Was King Tut Murdered?
King Tutankhamun was just a teenager when he died. He was the last king of a powerful family that had ruled Egypt for centuries. When he died in 1322 B.C., Tut (as Tutankhamun is often known today) was placed in a luxurious, gold-filled tomb. There he lay forgotten until the tomb's eventual discovery in 1922. Although we now know a lot about his life, the reason for Tutankhamun's death at such a young age has remained a mystery, with murder the most extreme possibility. Now, improved X-ray technology is offering new clues into King Tut's death.
Discovered and Damaged
The British archeologist Howard Carter opened Tut's tomb in 1922. Although it had been robbed in ancient times, it was still full of gold and other amazing items. Carter spent months carefully recording the treasures. When he and his team then attempted to remove King Tut's mummy, they found that it had become attached to its solid gold coffin. Unfortunately, they did a great deal of damage to the mummy while removing it.
Theories About Tut's Death
In 1968, archeologists conducted an examination of the mummy using simple x-ray technology. Three important discoveries led to various theories about his death.
The X-rays showed that bones in King Tut's chest were missing. Carter hadn't done that damage. Tut was a trained fighter and hunter, so some people have guessed that it was caused by a war injury or a hunting accident.
There appeared to be pieces of bone inside the skull, causing many to believe that King Tut was killed by a blow from behind to the head. Was he murdered by people wanting to take control of Egypt?
A serious fracture discovered above Tut's left knee could have been the result of an accident or attack. Infection might have started there and killed the boy king.
A Closer Look at the Mummy
In recent years, scientists, under the direction of ZahiHawass, head of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities, have applied a new and more effective X-ray technology to mummies throughout Egypt. In the images, each bone appears in perfect detail.
So, was King Tut's death murder or accident, infection or war injury? Doctors who
analyzed the X-ray images say that the skull was mainly undamaged, excluding the possibility of a blow to the head. However, while modern technology has been able to rule out one theory, the actual cause of death remains unknown. It seems there are secrets that even the latest technology cannot yet find the answers to.
A. Multiple Choice.
Question 1. How does the passage answer the question, "Was King Tut murdered?"
Question 2. Which of the following has NOT been suggested as a reason for King Tut's death?
Question 3. How was the mummy of King Tut damaged?
Question 4. What was the problem with King Tut's chest?
Question 5. Why does the actual cause of King Tut's death remain unknown?
图坦卡蒙国王被谋杀?
图坦卡蒙王少年时他就死了。他是最后一个国王的一个强大的家族统治埃及长达几个世纪之久。他在公元前1322年去世”通常被认为是图坦卡蒙,图坦卡蒙(今天)将被放置在一个豪华,镀金的坟墓。有他躺忘记直到1922年古墓的最终发现。尽管我们现在知道了很多关于他的生活,图坦卡蒙的死亡的原因在这样小的年纪仍然是个谜,以谋杀最极端的可能性。现在,x射线技术的进步提供新的线索图坦卡蒙死亡。
发现并损坏
英国考古学家霍华德·卡特在1922年开办了图坦卡蒙墓穴。虽然已经抢在古代,还是充满奇妙的黄金和其他优秀的项目。卡特花了几个月的时间仔细记录宝藏。当他和他的团队试图挖掘图坦卡蒙的木乃伊,他们发现它已经附在金棺中。不幸的是,他们做了大量的破坏木乃伊在挖掘的过程中。
关于图坦卡蒙死亡
1968年,考古学家进行了一次简单的x射线技术。三个重要的发现导致了各种关于他的死亡。
图坦卡蒙胸部x射线显示骨头不见了。卡特没有做过伤害。图坦卡蒙是一个训练有素的战士和猎人,所以有些人猜测这是战争造成的伤害或事故狩猎。
似乎有颅骨内骨碎片,导致很多人相信图坦卡蒙被从后面锤头。他被人想控制埃及的?
严重骨折发现图坦卡蒙的左膝盖以上可能是一次事故或攻击的结果。感染可能会开始有和王杀了男孩。
仔细看看这具木乃伊
近年来,科学家,扎西·哈瓦斯的指导下,埃及文物最高委员会的负责人,申请了一个新的,更有效的x射线技术在埃及木乃伊。在图像中,每个骨头出现在完美的细节。
所以,图坦卡蒙的谋杀或意外死亡,感染或战争受伤吗?医生分析了x射线图像说头骨主要是无破损,不包括打击的可能性。然而,尽管现代科技已经能够排除一个理论,真正的死因仍然未知。似乎有秘密,即使是最新的技术还不能找到答案。
答:多项选择。
问题1。如何通过回答这个问题,”图坦卡蒙国王被谋杀?“
第二个问题。下面哪个不是被认为是图坦卡蒙死亡原因吗?
问题3。图坦卡蒙的木乃伊损坏怎么样?
问题4。图坦卡蒙的胸部的问题是什么?
问题5。为什么实际图坦卡蒙死因仍未知?
Page 49
Mumbai: City of Dreams
The vibrant city of Mumbai is a natural first stop for visitors to India's western coast. "One could say that Mumbai is the New York of India," says Mumbai native DivyaAbhat. "It's a place of big opportunities, big contrasts, and big energies ... There is always something going on."Previously known as Bombay, the city was renamed Mumbai (derived from the goddess Mumba) in 1995 as part of a movement away from colonial names. The traditional cultural center of India, Mumbai is today a very modern city with world-class shopping, restaurants, and business areas. It is also home to Bollywood, the world's largest movie industry.
India is a complex country, culturally rich and diverse. If you visit India, be prepared for sensory overload; you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety.
Five-star luxury can be enjoyed at Mumbai's Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, built in 1903 by Persian-Indian businessman Jamsetji Tata. According to local legend, Tata was not permitted to enter the finest British-managed hotel of that time, Wilson's, because of its policy of serving only European guests. In response, he established the Taj, with a promise that it would have the world's best service. Ever since, the Taj Mahal Palace has been listed among the world's top hotels. What about Wilson's? It's long gone.
Across the street from the Taj is the famous Gateway of India, an arch standing about 25 meters high. The monument was built to celebrate the visit to India of England's King George V and Queen Mary in 1911. Sellers and performers, including snake charmers, can be found in the surrounding busy park. At night, lit up by electric lights, the Gateway appeals to sightseers -- and lovers, too!
Just a one-hour ferry ride from Mumbai is the island of Elephanta. The island was named by the Portuguese, supposedly after a huge statue of an elephant that used to be there. It has amazing cave temples cut deeply into the rock, featuring sculptures preserved since the seventh century A.D.
Visitors leaving Mumbai can board their train at the Victoria Terminus (renamed ChhatrapatiShivaji Terminus). This remarkable station is said to have been India's largest construction project when it was built in 1888. An impressive mixture of British and Indian building styles, the station is preserved today as a World Heritage Site.
A. Multiple Choice.
Question 1. Why is Mumbai said to be the New York of India?
Question 2. According to a local legend, why did Jamsetji Tata establish his hotel?
Question 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the Gateway of India?
Question 4. What language is "Elephanta" probably from?
Question 5. What kind of audience is this passage most likely intended for?
孟买:梦想之城
充满活力的城市孟买是一个自然的印度西海岸的第一站。“可以说,孟买是印度的纽约,”说,孟买本地迪Abhat。“这是一个巨大的机会,大的对比,和大的能量……总是有一些东西。“以
前称为孟买,孟买城市改名为(来自女神Mumba)在1995年作为运动的一部分,远离殖民地的名字。今天的传统文化中心印度,孟买是一个非常现代的城市与世界级的购物,餐馆和业务领域。宝莱坞外,它也是世界上最大的电影产业。
印度是一个复杂的国家,文化丰富多样。如果你访问印度,感官超载做好准备,你将经历一个惊人的深度和不同的文化。
五星级豪华能享受在孟买泰姬陵皇宫酒店,建于1903年由Persian-Indian商人Jamsetji 塔塔。根据当地传说,塔塔是不允许进入最好的英国管理的酒店时间,威尔逊的,因为只有欧洲的客人服务的政策。作为回应,他建立了泰姬陵,承诺,它将有世界上最好的服务。自从,泰姬陵宫殿已经列入世界顶级酒店。威尔逊的呢?这是一去不复返。
街对面的泰姬酒店是印度著名的网关,站着一位弓大约25米高。纪念碑建于庆祝英国访问印度1911年的国王乔治五世和玛丽皇后。卖家和表演者,包括蛇人,可以在公园周围的忙。夜晚,照亮了电灯,网关吸引观光客,爱人,!
仅一个小时的渡船从孟买是象岛的岛。该岛被葡萄牙人,据说在一个巨大的大象雕像,用来在那里。它有神奇的石窟寺已经深深影响了岩石,以自公元七世纪雕塑保存游客离开孟买可以董事会维多利亚的火车终点站(更名为贾特拉帕蒂。希瓦吉终点站)。这一非凡站据说是印度最大的建设项目当它建于1888年。令人印象深刻的混合物的英国和印度的建筑风格,车站今天保存下来作为世界遗产。
答:多项选择。
问题1。为什么孟买是印度的纽约吗?
问题2。根据当地传说,为什么Jamsetji塔塔建立他的酒店吗?
问题3。下面哪个不是提到印度门呢?
问题4。“象岛”可能是什么语言?
问题5。什么样的观众是这篇文章最可能用于?
Page57
The Flooding of New Orleans
Hurricane Katrina, which struck the U.S. Gulf Coast in August 2005, was one of the costliest natural disasters in U.S. history -- both economically and in terms of lives lost. Damage to the city of New Orleans was estimated at more than 22 billion dollars. Over one million people were forced out of the city, and nearly 1,500 people lost their lives.
The Storm Arrives
A day before Hurricane Katrina passed close to New Orleans, residents were ordered to leave the city. Unfortunately, tens of thousands of people ignored the order or were unable to leave. When Hurricane Katrina hit, water broke through the system of levees and flood walls constructed by government engineers. Many people in low-lying sectors of the city were forced up onto their roofs by the flood water and waited for help to come by boat or helicopter.
Chaos in the City
Circumstances soon grew worse. There were not enough police left in the city, so people were not only exposed to dangerous floodwaters but also to widespread crime. "Most of our people were focused on getting people off roofs and out of the water," said one police officer. "There were not enough people in the city to rescue and distribute food and water to those who needed help." Looting of stores was common.
"I've looted," said Matthew, 35. "But only to keep my family and myself alive. They left us here for days without any food or water, like we were just supposed to die. So we had to loot or die."Waiting for Help
A borrowed hotel curtain hung over street signs provided shelter for one large extended family. "I was starting to think it was going to be our home forever," Kenneth, 47, said. "They told us every day that buses were going to take us to shelters. It was just lies and more lies."People lived without running water or toilets as they waited for help. Dead bodies were left on streets. It was days before the government gained control of the city and the remaining people were taken to safety. Should New Orleans Be Rebuilt?
Some experts believe that rebuilding New Orleans isn't a good idea. Currently, even a hurricane of average strength could cause flooding in the city again. Global warming is raising sea levels each year, and to make things worse, the land beneath New Orleans is sinking at a rate of up to 2.5 centimeters a year. However, despite the risk, two-thirds of the people who left have returned to help rebuild the city they love.
A. Multiple Choice.
Question 1. What is this passage mainly about?
Question 2. How many people lost their lives in the flooding of New Orleans?
Question 3. Which of the following is NOT a factor that made the disaster worse?
Question 4. New Orleans is sinking at a rate of up to 2.5 centimeters a year. What does the phrase up to mean?
Question 5. What can you infer about the rebuilding of New Orleans?
新奥尔良的洪水
卡特里娜飓风袭击美国墨西哥湾沿岸2005年8月,是美国历史上最昂贵的自然灾害之一,无论在经济上还是在失去生命。损害城市新奥尔良的估计超过220亿美元。超过一百万人被迫出城,和近1500人失去了生命。
暴风雨来临
一天在新奥尔良卡特里娜飓风接近之前,居民被命令离开这个城市。不幸的是,成千上万的人忽略了订单或无法离开。卡特里娜飓风来袭时,水洪水冲破堤坝,墙壁由政府的工程师。许多人在城市的低洼部门被迫到屋顶的洪水,等待帮助来坐船或直升机。
混乱的城市
情况很快恶化。没有足够的警察离开的城市,所以人们不仅暴露于危险的洪水还广泛的犯罪。“我们的大多数人关注的是让人们从屋顶上的水,”一个警察说。“没有足够的人来拯救和分发食物和水给那些需要帮助的人。“抢劫商店是常见的。“我抢劫,”马修说,35岁。“但是只有我的家人和我自己活着。他们离开我们这里好几天没有食物或水,像我们只是应该死。所以我们必须战利品或死亡。“等待帮助
借来的酒店窗帘挂在路牌为一个大的大家庭提供了避难所。“我开始认为这永远是我们的家,”肯尼斯,47岁的说。“他们告诉我们每天公交车要带我们去避难所。这只是谎言和谎言。“人们生活没有自来水或厕所在他们等待帮助。尸体的大街上。这是几天前政府控制了这座城市和其余的人被带到安全地带。
新奥尔良应该重建吗?
一些专家认为,重建新奥尔良并不是一个好主意。目前,即使是一个城市的平均强度可能
导致洪水飓风了。每年全球变暖海平面上升,更糟的是,土地在新奥尔良正在下沉的速度每年2.5厘米。然而,尽管风险,三分之二的人离开回到帮助重建这个城市,他们的爱。
答:多项选择。
问题1。这篇文章主要是关于什么的?
问题2。有多少人失去了他们的生命在新奥尔良的洪水吗?
问题3。下列哪一项不是一个因素,使灾难变得更糟吗?
问题4。新奥尔良是下沉的速度每年2.5厘米。这句话到是什么意思?
问题5。你能推断出什么新奥尔良的重建呢?
Page73
Shark Attack
Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. "I could have touched its eye with my elbow," says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly he hadn't heard a thing. In his horror and confusion, he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the shark's teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below. Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten. The most common explanation is that great whites don't see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this, however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal. "They spit us out because we're too bony," says Aidan Martin, director of ReefQuest Center for Shark Research.
Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It's possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information. Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people, they are likely just trying to learn what they are.
A. Multiple Choice.
Question 1. What did the shark do after Craig Rogers fell into the water?
Question 2. According to the passage, what is it about great white sharks that
is puzzling researchers?
Question 3. What makes up a large part of the great white's diet?
Question 4. Which of the following is one of the main ideas of the passage?
Question 5. According to researchers like Martin, why might great whites bite but not kill humans?
鲨鱼攻击
克雷格·罗杰斯正坐在他的冲浪板,为他的下一波扫描的距离,当他的董事会突然停止运动。他低下头,害怕看到前面的大白鲨咬他的董事会。“我可以摸它的眼睛和我的胳膊,”克雷格说。静静地鲨鱼已经浮出水面,所以他没有听到。在他的恐惧和混乱,他挥舞着双臂和意外削减他的两个手指在鲨鱼的牙齿。然后他脱了他的冲浪板的对面的水。然后,克雷格从他的手指在水和血液流动,这个巨型鲨鱼游走了,消失在水中。
尽管鲨鱼通常归类为杀手,打猎,吃尽可能多的人类,这是真实不准确。鲨鱼很少杀死人类。一个人有更大的机会被雷击或溺水的浴比被鲨鱼杀死。只有74人被大白鲨已报告在过去的世纪。但是大白鲨可以达到6米长,重达2200公斤以上。可怕的下巴,可以容纳3000牙齿排成几行,他们可以很容易地杀死并吃掉一个无助的人在水里。那么,为什么大多数人生存的大白鲨的袭击吗?鲨鱼研究人员正在试图理解的原因让人们逃避而不被吃掉。
最常见的解释是,大白鲨看不到。人们一直认为他们错误的海豹和海狮的很大一部分他们的饮食。然而,有理由怀疑这一点。最近的信息显示,大白鲨可以看到很好。另外,当攻击海豹,大白鲨拍摄表面和咬力。然而,当接近人类,他们通常在慢慢地咬起来不会太硬。他们很快发现,人类并不是高脂肪餐。“他们随地吐痰,因为我们太硬骨,”艾登·马丁说,ReefQuest鲨鱼研究中心主任。
鲨鱼研究者喜欢马丁假设大白鲨实际上是好奇的动物,喜欢研究东西。这是可能的,他们用他们的叮咬不仅杀死并吃掉,还收集信息。虽然这样的经历是不幸的人喜欢克雷格·罗杰斯,当鲨鱼咬冲浪板或其他物体或人,他们可能只是想了解它们是什么。
答:多项选择。
问题1。什么鲨鱼克雷格·罗杰斯落入水中后做了什么?
问题2。根据短文,大白鲨是什么困扰着科学家们?
问题3。很大程度上是由什么构成的大白鲨的饮食吗?
问题4。下面哪个是一篇文章的主要思想?
问题5。据研究人员喜欢马丁,为什么大白鲨咬但不是杀了人?
Page 99
Marco Polo in China
The Polos -- Marco, his father Niccol?and his uncle Maffeo -- had been traveling for three-and-a-half years when they finally achieved their objective -- a long-awaited meeting with the powerful Mongol leader, Kublai Khan. The historic event took place in 1275 at the Khan's luxurious summer capital in Shangdu, in what is now northern China. As he greeted his tired guests, Kublai Khan was surprisingly informal: "Welcome, gentlemen! Please stand up. How've you been? How was the trip?"Marco Polo's trip had, in fact, started more than 9,000 kilometers (5,600 miles) away in Venice when he was just a teenager. His father and uncle already knew Kublai Khan from a previous visit five years earlier, when they had spent a short time in Shangdu. On this second trip the Polos would stay for 17 years, making themselves useful to the Khan and undertaking various missions and tasks for him. It is likely
that the Khan considered it an honor that Europeans -- who were rare in China -- had made the extremely difficult journey, and he made good use of their skills and knowledge.
In the service of Kublai Khan, "the most powerful man in people and in lands and in treasure that ever was in the world," Marco was able to learn and experience many things that were new to Europeans. In his travel journal, he described Kublai Khan's palace as the greatest he had ever seen. He admired the Khan's recently completed new capital, Daidu, whose streets were "so straight and so broad." The city was located in what is now the center of Beijing, and Kublai Khan's city planning can still be perceived in the straight, broad streets of China's modern capital. We learn from Marco Polo that, in the administration of his empire, Kublai Khan made use of a fast and simple message system. Horse riders spaced every 40 kilometers allowed messages to cover 500 kilometers a day. Marco also learned the secret of asbestos cloth, which is made from a mineral and doesn't catch fire. Paper money also took him by surprise, as it was not yet in use in the West at that time. Homes were heated with "black stones ?which burn like logs." Those stones were coal -- unknown in most of Europe -- and they were so plentiful that many people had a hot bath three times a week.
Although the Khan did not want his visitors to leave, the Polos finally received permission to return home in 1292. Marco continued his observations on the ocean voyage by way of Sumatra and India. Upon his return, he completed a book about his trip, full of details about his amazing cultural experiences. It was probably the greatest contribution of geographic information ever made to the West about the East.
A. Multiple Choice.
Question 1. Which of the following about Marco Polo is NOT true?
Question 2. Where is Kublai Khan's influence still felt in Beijing today?
Question 3. What allowed a message to be sent 500 kilometers a day?
Question 4. What allowed people in ancient China to have a hot bath three times a week?
Question 5. What does the use of asbestos cloth, paper money, and coal seem to tell us about the East and the West?
马可波罗在中国
波罗一家——马可,父亲Niccol吗?和他的叔叔Maffeo——旅行了三年半,当他们终于实现了他们的目标——一个期待已久的会议与强大的蒙古领袖,忽必烈。历史事件发生在1275年夏天汗的豪华资本,在现在的中国北方。他疲惫的客人打招呼,忽必烈是惊人的非正式:“欢迎光临,先生们!请站起来。你还好吗?这次旅行怎么样?事实上,“马可波罗的旅行开始超过9000公里(5600英里)在威尼斯时,他只是一个少年。他的父亲和叔叔已经知道忽必烈从先前访问五年前,当他们在商都花了很短的时间内。在这第二次波罗一行呆了17年,使自己有用的汗和为他承担各种任务和任务。汗很可能认为这是一种荣誉,欧洲人——在中国很少见的极其困难的旅程,他充分利用他们的技能和知识。
忽必烈的服务”,最强大的人在人与土地和宝贝永远是世界上“马可能够学习和体验新欧洲人很多东西。在他的游记,他描述了忽必烈的宫殿是他所见过的最大的。他钦佩汗的最近完成了新资本,Daidu的街道被“如此直接和广泛。“城市是位于现在的北京的中心,和忽必
烈的城市规划仍然可以直接感知,中国现代资本的宽阔的街道。我们从马可波罗在他的帝国政府,忽必烈用一个快速和简单的信息系统。马骑士间隔每40公里一天允许消息覆盖500公里。马可还学习了石棉布的秘密,这是由一种矿物,不着火。纸币也带他措手不及,还没有使用在西方。房屋被加热,使用“黑石头吗?燃烧像日志。“这些石头是煤炭,未知在欧洲大部分地区,他们非常丰富,很多人洗个热水澡每周3次。
虽然汗不希望他的访客离开,波罗一家终于在1292年获得回家。马可继续他的观察海洋航行的苏门答腊和印度。在归来之后,他完成了一本关于他的旅行,充满细节他惊人的文化体验。这可能是有史以来的最大贡献地理信息对东西。
答:多项选择。
问题1。下面哪个马可波罗是不正确的呢?
问题2。北京忽必烈的影响力仍然在今天好吗?
问题3。什么允许消息被发送一天500公里?
问题4。允许人们在中国古代有一个热水澡每周3次?
问题5。什么使用石棉布,纸币,和煤炭似乎告诉我们关于东方和西方吗?
Page 115
Bride of the Sahara
The Tuareg bride, Assalama, sits silently as female relatives and helpers make sure that every hair is perfect for the first day of her wedding celebration. Such attention is new for the bride, who is only 15 years old and who has spent most of her time tending her mother's goats and sheep. The Tuareg are nomads, and it was only by chance that she was reunited with her 25-year-old cousin Mohamed a month earlier. Just back from five years working in Libya, Mohamed spotted Assalama as she drew water from a well. "I knew from that moment that I wanted to marry her," he says. Wasting no time, he asked for her hand, she accepted, their families approved, and wedding plans began.
Following Tuareg traditions, the marriage rite is performed at a nearby mosque in the presence of only the couple's parents. Assalama and Mohamed are absent. A few days later, the time for the celebration approaches, and guests begin to arrive. For a week, some 500 guests enjoy camel races, sing, and eat rice, dates, and roasted meat in tents under the Saharan stars.
Mohamed wears an indigo tagelmust, a cloth that wraps his head and face. The rich color, which rubs off onto the skin, earned these once fierce Saharan warriors the title "blue men of the desert." For the Tuareg, the tagelmust is more than just clothing that keeps out the desert sand and sun; it demonstrates respect and is thought to keep evil creatures known as jinns away, as is henna, a reddish-brown coloring used on Mohamed's feet. Henna is also a symbol of purity, and is reserved for a man's first marriage.
At the celebration, a tent called an ehan is prepared for Assalama and Mohamed. Women take down and put up the tent every day of the celebration, making it slightly larger each time to symbolize the progress of the celebration and of the couple's relationship. Assalama stays inside the tent during the whole celebration, only showing her face or speaking to Mohamed, her best friend, her mother, and one special helper. During the celebration, neither Assalama nor Mohamed is ever left alone for
fear they might be harmed by jealous jinns.
As the celebration ends, the couple prepares to spend the first year of their marriage with Assalama's family. Mohamed will offer displays of respect to his in-laws, working hard to win their approval. Once he does that, he will take his bride back to his camp and start his nomad's caravan moving again.
A. Multiple Choice.
Question 1. What is the passage mainly about?
Question 2. Which of the following is true about Assalama and Mohamed during their actual marriage ceremony?
Question 3. In what situation would henna NOT be used on Mohamed's feet?
Question 4. Why do women make the tent slightly larger each time?
Question 5. What does Mohamed prepare to do as the celebration ends?
撒哈拉沙漠的新娘
图阿雷格人的新娘,Assalama,静静地坐在女性亲属和助手确保每个头发是适合她的婚礼庆典的第一天。这样的关注是新的新娘,只有15岁,他花了她的大部分时间照顾她母亲的山羊和绵羊。图阿雷格人是游牧民族,只是偶然的机会,她与她团聚25岁的表哥穆罕默德一个月前。刚从五年回来工作在利比亚,穆罕默德发现Assalama当她把水从井里。“我知道从那一刻起,我想娶她,”他说。没有浪费时间,他要了她的手,她接受了,家人批准和婚礼计划开始了。
执行下面的图阿雷格人传统,婚姻仪式在附近的一个清真寺的存在只有他们的父母。Assalama和默罕默德是缺席的。几天后,庆祝方法的时候,客人开始到来。一周,500客人享受骆驼比赛,唱歌,吃米饭,日期,和烤的肉在帐篷里的撒哈拉沙漠的星空下。
默罕默德戴着靛蓝tagelmust、布包装他的头和脸。丰富的色彩,按摩到皮肤,赢得了这一次激烈的撒哈拉沙漠勇士的标题“蓝色的男人。”图阿雷格人,tagelmust不仅仅是服装,沙漠沙子和阳光,它演示了尊重和被认为让邪恶生物被称为精灵,指甲花,红棕色色素用于穆罕默德的脚。指甲花也是纯洁的象征,是留给男人的第一次婚姻。
在庆祝,帐篷被称为ehan准备Assalama和穆罕默德。女性每天记下和搭起一座的庆典,让它每次略大的进步象征庆祝,两人的关系。Assalama呆在帐篷里在整个庆典,只显示她的脸或说默罕默德,她最好的朋友,她的母亲,和一个特殊的辅助。庆典期间,无论是Assalama还是穆罕默德是独处,因为害怕他们可能会被嫉妒伤害精灵。
庆祝活动结束后,这对夫妇准备把第一年的婚姻Assalama的家庭。默罕默德将提供显示对他的姻亲,努力赢得他们的批准。一旦他做,他将他的新娘回到营地,开始他的游牧的车队再次移动。
答:多项选择。
问题1。文章主要是关于什么的?
问题2。下面哪个是正确的关于Assalama和默罕默德在他们实际的结婚仪式?
问题3。在什么情况下指甲花不会被用在默罕默德的脚吗?
问题4。为什么女人每次帐篷略大吗?
问题5。默罕默德准备做什么庆典结束吗?
历年英语专业四级考试听力听写原文（1994年-2007年） The American Family (1994) The concept of family life has changed considerably over the years. / In earliest times, several generations lived together in clans, / which consisted of all living descendents and their husbands or wives. / These clans were almost totally self-sufficient, / every member contributing in some way toward the survival of the group. / The men hunted and fished for food or sometimes maintained flocks of sheep or goats. / The women baked bread and roasted the meat their men provided. / Special members of the community were selected to make products like pottery, baskets and home weapons. / But with the development of greater varieties of food, clothing and shelter, / a single clan could no longer develop all the individual skills the group required. / Clans merged into larger societies and at the same time broke into smaller units consisting of married couples and their children. / Later the Industrial Revolution brought about even more important changes in family life. / New inventions brought shorter working hours for men and easier housekeeping routines for women. / Today a productive family life suggests not the group's cooperative efforts of working together, / but the pleasant and meaningful sharing of its leisure. Unidentified Flying Objects (1995) There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the Earth. / The most popular one is that they maybe visitors from other planets./ To fly such aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation,/because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft./ The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists/ from other planets who are studying life on earth./ It is even believed that several such aircraft may have landed on earth/ and the space visitors may be living amongst us./ But there are also less fantastic explanations available./ Although some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily./ In many cases the observers might have made a mistake./ They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft./ Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground,/ reflected on to the clouds./ However, the exact cause of many sightings still remained a mystery. The Indian Medicine Man (1996) Among the Indians of North America, the medicine man was a very important person. He could cure illness and he could speak to the spirits. The spirits were the supernatural forces that controlled the world. The Indians believed that bad spirits made people ill. So when people were ill, the medicine man tried to help them by using magic. He spoke to the good spirits and asked for their help. Many people were cured, because they thought the spirits were helping them, but really these people cured themselves. Sometimes your own mind is the best doctor for you. The medicine men were often successful for another reason, too. They knew about plants that really can cure illness. A lot of medicines are made from the plants that were used by medicine men hundred of years ago. Legal Age for Marriage (1997)
英语专业四级考试真题听写原文2005年 The Wrist Watch It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception / to the normal sequence in the evolution of man's jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, / and then adopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. / Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches, / and pilots found them most useful while flying. / Soon men dared to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious. / By 1924, some 30 percent of man's watches were worn on the wrist. / Today, the figure is 90 percent. / And they are now worn by both men and women / for practical purposes rather than for decoration. 2006年 The internet The internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications.Imagine a book that never rend, a library with milion floors,or imagine a research project with thousands of sientists working around the clock forever.This is the magic of the internet.
DICTATION 1 [00:50.44]Dining Customs in the USA [00:54.14]Americans, like many people elsewhere in the world, [00:58.12]like to invite friends to their homes for an evening of food, [01:02.10]drink and conversation. [01:04.90]Formal dinners in fine homes and hotels in the US [01:08.90]are much the same as formal dinners anywhere in the world. [01:13.50]But as most people in the US have no servants, [01:17.42]their dinner parties at home tend to be informal. [01:21.34]Guests may sit down at a table, [01:23.77]or as many new small homes have no [01:26.25]separate dining room or very small dining space. [01:30.48]Guests can also serve themselves and eat in the living room, [01:34.65]holding their plates or trays on their knees. [01:37.76]A more enjoyable form of entertainment is the picnic. [01:41.79]Americans are great picnickers and [01:44.23]almost every family has a picnic basket. [01:47.90]Summer invitations are often for [01:49.96]a picnic at a park or in the open countryside, [01:53.63]and less hamburgers or hot dogs are cooked over a fire. [01:57.86]Picnic food is usually cold. DICTATION 2 [00:50.31]Costs in Colleges and Universities [00:54.66]Nearly all American students in colleges and [00:57.71]universities pay for their educations. [01:01.07]There are many costs. [01:03.44]First of all, there is tuition. [01:06.31]At some schools, the tuition is very high, [01:09.67]ten thousand dollars a year or more. [01:12.80]At other schools, [01:14.18]it may only be a few hundred dollars a year. [01:17.74]At some community colleges, tuition is free. [01:22.11]There are other costs as well. [01:24.85]Many students leave their homes to [01:26.86]go to schools in other cities. [01:29.84]They may live in dormitories or apartments, [01:32.83]and they must pay for it. [01:35.13]Finally, students must buy textbooks for their courses. [01:39.80]Going to college or university can be a big expense. [01:44.67]Some families start saving money for [01:47.25]their children's education when the children are small. [01:51.67]Many students work to save money for tuition.
Digital cameras According to a standard definition, a digital camera is a camera that produces digital images that can be stored in a computer, displayed on a screen and printed. Years ago, people used to possess two different devices in order to take pictures and make videos. The creation of digital cameras was motivated mainly by two factors. First, need to spare space. Second make it more comfortable for people to do both things with higher quality results. the multi-functionalism of digital cameras and combination of several devices in one make it a popular choice for a modern man. For years a digital camera has been unaffordable for many families. However, the variety of digital cameras and various prices nowadays make it possible for almost every single family to buy a digital camera. With increasingly fierce competition, the digital camera manufactures satisfy customers with lower prices but best quality standards. The migration of birds The most obvious feature of birds is that they can fly. This facility gives them great mobility and control over their movements. Many species can travel quickly and economically over long distances, up to thousands of kilometers, if necessary, crossing seas, deserts or other inhospitable areas. They also have great orientation and navigational skills and are able to remember and re-find remote places they have previously visited. Birds can thereby occupy widely separated areas at different seasons, returning repeatedly to the same localities from year to year. Although migration is evident in other animal groups, including insects, mammals and fish, in none is it as widely and well-developed as in birds. The collective travel routes of birds span almost the entire planet. As a result of migration, birds’ distributions are continually changing on regular seasonal patterns and on local, regional or global scales. Benefits of becoming a teacher Becoming a teacher gives you a chance to spend a major portion of your day with children or youngsters. With kids around, you are a part of their world of innocence and purity. It indeed creates a healthy work environment for you. On becoming a teacher, you get a chance to be with children, laughing with them, think their way and enjoy their innocent, silly and hopefully naughty behavior. Apart from this, the nature of your job is that you do not work on weekends and you get your share of holidays. Becoming a teacher entitles you for receiving private scholarships and sponsorships for teaching programs. However, one of the most important benefits of becoming a teacher is that teachers contribute to the shaping of the future generations. They make a difference to society by playing a vital role in nurturing young minds. British and American police officers Real policemen both in Britain and the U.S. hardly recognize any common points between their lives and what they see on TV, if they ever get home in time. Some
Unit1 One day Palph Waldo Emerson, one of America’s greatest thinkers and philosophers, was visited by a local farmer, who saw a book by Plato in Emerson’s library and asked to borrow it. When the farmer returned the book, Emerson asked him how he liked it. The farmer replied, “I liked it. this Plato has a lot of my ideas” During an 18-month period in his early 20s, Sir Isaac Newton invented theories of gravity, light, and color, as well as calculus. At age 85, shortly before his death, he wrote, “I do not know what I may appear to the world, but to myself I have been only like a boy playing on the seashore, and diverting myself le and in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me. UNIT2 Human beings misuse the precious fresh water in two ways. It is wasted through careless use and polluted by dumping wastes into it. People build large cities in deserts and grow crops in dry valleys. In the worl d’s dry places, people must learn to avoid waste, to make every gallon count.People pollute water by dumping sewage and industrial wastes into it or by letting pesticides from farm land run into it. Even ground water is polluted by poisons sinking into the earth. Humanity must learn that nothing just “goes away”. People need to treat sewage so it does not pollute the water. They need to keep industrial wastes completely out of the water. UNIT3 When Superman burst onto the screen 60 years ago there had never been a character quite like him, and he remains unique today. The innumerable imitators who followed in his wake have acknowledged his primacy by taking on the title of super hero, but Superman did more than start the trend that came to define the American comic book. His influence spread throughout all known media as he became a star of animated cartoons, radio, recordings, books, motion pictures, and television, whil his image appeared on products ranging from puzzles to peanut butter. He is perhaps the first fictional character to have been so successfully promoted as a universal icon, yet he also continues to remain a publishing phenomenon whose adventures appear in no fewer than five monthly comics magazines. UNIT4 The Chinese have long believed that flexible brush is the perfect means to express one’s inner spirit. Thus calligraphy with ink on paper or silk, whether by scholars, poets, monks, or government officials, is often considered the highest form of art. Great masterworks from earlier periods such as the Tang Dynasty were used as modals for the proper style and the proportion of the more than 50,000 Chinese characters. There were also a number of different scripts to choose from. Ancient seal script, used even today for carving seals, conveys an archaic flavor, as does clerical script, developed in the Han Dynasty by clerks to record government documents. Calligraphy, however, could also be written in regular, running, or cursive script, not unlike our own choices in English-for example, most of us do not write the small letter a in the printed form, but in more rapid pencil or pen movement. Similarly, Chinese calligraphers usually preferred less formal and more dramatic styles of brushwork to regular
Package Holidays (1993) Package holidays, covering a two weeks' stay in an attractive place, are increasingly popular. Once you get to the airport, it is up to the tour operator to see that you get safely to your destination．Everything is laid on for you．There is, in fact, no reason for you to bother to arrange anything yourselves．You make friends and have a good time. But there is very little chance that you will really get to know the local people．This is even less likely on a coach tour, when you spend almost your entire time traveling．Of course, there are carefully planned stops for you to visit historic buildings and monuments. You may visit the beautiful, the historic, the ancient. But time is always short．There is also the added disadvantage of being obliged to spend you holiday with a group of people you have never met before． The American Family (1994) The American family unit is changing. There used to be mainly two types of families, the extended and the nuclear. The former included mother, father, children, and some other relatives such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people began moving to different parts of the country in order to search for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family consisting of only parents and children has therefore become far more wide spread. Today’s family, however, can be composed of diverse combinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there's an increase in single-parent homes—a father or mother living with one or more children. Blended families occur when divorced men and women remarry and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, there is an increase in childless couples while one in rive Americans lives alone. Unidentified Flying Objects (1995) There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the Earth. / The most popular one is that they maybe visitors from other planets./ To fly such aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation,/because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft./ The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists/ from other planets who are studying life on earth./ It is even believed that several such aircraft may have landed on earth/ and the space visitors may be living amongst us./ But there are also less fantastic explanations available./ Although some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily./ In many cases the observers might have made a mistake./ They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft./ Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground,/ reflected on to the clouds./ However, the exact cause of many sightings still remained a mystery. The Indian Medicine Man (1996) Among the Indians of North America, the medicine man was a very important person. He could cure illness and he could speak to the spirits. The spirits were the supernatural forces that controlled the world. The Indians believed that bad spirits made people ill. So when people were ill, the medicine man tried to help them by using magic. He spoke to the good spirits and asked for their help. Many people were cured, because they thought the spirits were helping them, but really these people cured themselves. Sometimes your own mind is the best doctor for you. The medicine men were often successful for another reason, too. They knew about plants that really can cure illness. A lot of medicines are made from the plants that were used by medicine men
Unidentified Flying Objects There are many explanations for why UFOs exist on earth. The most popular one is that they may contain visitor from other planets. To fly such an aircraft the builders must develop different forms of aviation, because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft. The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists from other planets who are studying life on earth. It is even believed that several such aircraft may have landed on earth and the space visitors may be living among us. But there are also less fantastic explanations available. Although some sightings of UFO are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily. In many cases the observers might have made a mistake. They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft. Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground reflected onto the clouds. However, the exact cause of many sightings still remains a mystery. 1996 The Indian Medicine Man Among the Indians of North America, the medicine-man was a very important person. He could cure illnesses and he could speak to the spirits. The spirits were the super-natural forces that controlled the world. The Indians believed that had spirits made people ill. So when people were ill. The medicine man tried to help them by using magic. He spoke to the good spirits and asked for their help. Many people were cured because they thought that these spirits were helping them. But, really, these people curded themselves. Sometimes, your mind is the best doctor for you. The medicine-men were often successful for other reason, too. They knew about plants that really can cure illnesses. A lot of modern medicines are made from plants that were used by medicine-men hundreds of years ago. 1997 Legal Age for Marriage Throughout the United States, the legal age for marriage shows some difference. The most common age without parents’ consent is 18 for both females and males. However, persons who are under age in their home state can get married in another state, and then return to the home state legally married. Each state issues its own marriage license. Both residents and non-residents are qualified for such a license. The fees and ceremonies vary greatly from state to state. Most states, for instance, have a blood test requirement, but a few do not. Most states permit either a civil or religious ceremony, but a few require the ceremony to be religious. In most states a waiting period is required before the license is issued. This period is from one to five days depending on the state. A three-day-wait is the most common. In some states there is no required waiting period. 1998 The Railway in Britain The success of early railways, such as the lines between big cities, led to a great increase in railway building in Victorian times. Between 1835 and 1865 about 25000 kilometers of track were built, and over 100 railway companies were created. Railway travel transformed people’s lives. Trains were first designed to carry to goods. However, a law in the 19th century forced railway companies to run one cheap train a day which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. Soon working class passengers found they could afford to travel by rail. Cheap day excursion trains became popular and seaside resorts grew rapidly. The railways also provided thousands of new jobs: building carriages, running the railways and repairing the tracks. Railways even changed the time. The need to run the railways on time meant that local time was abolished and clocks showed the same time all over the country.