研究生学位英语翻译
0501
戒严与其说是个人的选择, 不如说是对自己毅力的考验, 因为人们普遍认为吸烟是上瘾的. 尽管专家的建议和药物疗法确实能增加永久戒严的可能性, 但是避免这种困境的最好的方法就是不要涉猎吸烟.
吸烟的负面影响在各个程度上是不同的, 它与吸烟的数量以及烟龄的长短, 还有开始吸烟的年龄有关. 这份报告向以下观点提出了质疑, 这种观点认为吸烟几年不会产生永久的危害性的后果. 我们希望阻止这种普遍的但是却是生死攸关的习惯, 并且提醒大家戒烟的时间越长, 和吸烟有关的健康问题就会大幅度地减少.
It is increasingly realized that ( There is a growing realization /awareness that ) developing environment-protecting products really count. To fulfill the long-term and substantial development, developed countries should at all costs decrease the emission of greenhouse gases. If the speed of global warming nowadays continues, the probability of disappearance from the earth to such big cities as Tokyo and London will be 10 times as fast as that of 20 years ago.
0506
本书是在全国不同学校讲课几十年的结晶.它基于以下观点:哲学的确是一门有趣的学科, 不仅专家和一些有天赋的本科专业学生可以使用哲学, 人人都可以使用.不论是否上过哲学课, 每个人都是哲学家. 区别在于: 系统学过哲学的人具有这样的优势: 他们遇到的论点要比以其它方式遇到的论点更具有说明力, 种类更多.该书的特点是:它使初学者有机会直接接触选自重要哲学著作并有实质内容的读物,但并不过分地要求学生必须通读这些很难读懂的书籍.
Everyone has the right to pursue happiness ( to the pursuit of happiness), yet definitions of happiness vary from person to person (are quite individualistic.) Most people agree that happiness stems from good health, fulfillment of a desire and a successful career. As often happens, (is often the case), many people d on’t recognize (realize) what happiness really means (the real meaning of happiness) until they are distressed (agonized/ in agony)
0512
聪明的人懂得整个人生布局中的一切事物各归其位。他懂得金钱和财富市手段却不是目的。他知道一时的欢愉有别于持久的满足，伟大有别于成名，虔诚有别于迷信，文学艺术领域乃至整个人生的实力有别于做秀。他知道人生命
运躲不过邪恶，人生必有所失，疾病和死亡必会临到我们。聪明的人以平和的心面对这一切。
A day without hope would be unimaginably pale(dull). There must be something to look forward to each day to keep it out of shadows. To a person cherishing hopes every morning rises a new sun. deprived of water, soil turns into desert. Deprived of hope, what is left to a man? A small hope sustains you for a day, a great one for a lifetime.
0606
社会的进步使人们摆脱了繁重的工作，并有时间和余暇发展个性。随着社会的进步，实际上是由于社会的进步，目前中产家庭期望其每一成员发展独特的个性，每一个人也在某种程度上期望发展自己的独特个性。家庭担负的新责任是为发展独特个性创造环境，结果使家人很难达成共识，有时甚至不可能达成共识。对于一个由迥异的个人组成的小群体来说，最棘手的是在同一房檐下十分和谐地生活。此外，家庭还必须要培养青少年的品德，这又增添了当父母的困难。
There are many complaints about the inaccessibility of medical care and high tuitions. However, another thing that deserves attention is the difficulty of college graduates in getting employed. Those with master’s degrees can no longer find a job as easily as they did ten years ago. Because of the increasingly intense competition for a position, academic excellence and proficient expertise will not necessarily be translated into an ideal job. Education authorities have been seeking ways to create more opportunities of employment.
0701
世界变平产生一些意外的后果，其一就是不同的社会和文化可以更多地直接接触。人们之间连接的速度之快使人和
社会措手不及。一些文化凭借全球亲密接触突然带来的合
作机遇兴旺发达（蓬勃发展）。另一些文化却由于这种亲
密接触而感到灰心丧气，甚至感到自尊受到伤害，原因是
这种亲密接触的后果之一是使人们轻易的发现彼此在世界
上的位置。所有这一切有助于说明为什么现在会出现一种
最具有杀伤力的力量―――自杀性爆炸者和其他恐怖组织。这些组织不顾人们的死活，消灭它们最符合我们的利益。
This act is intended (aims) to introduce education reform in America’s elementary and secondary schools and give all children the access to high-quality education. The ultimate goal is to ensure that no one is left behind. As a result of the implementation of this act, schools enjoy more flexibility to use resources where they are needed most. Parents can get more involved in the child’s education.
0706
在本书中，我们提出一些建议，我们希望这些建议看起来合理并值得认真考虑。但有经验的作者都知道，有时最好的建议也可能不适用。写书要针对不同的读者，具有不同的目的，有关不同的题材，语言的正式程度也不同，所有这一切提出种种要求，本书是无法预见到的。我们也意识到对某一作品是合适的内容而对另一作品来说可能不合适。在多数情况下，你只好不惜代价把含义表达清楚（避免含义不清），目的是防止人们随意曲解你使用的文字。
The limited natural resources on which China’s sustain able development depends are declining sharply. On one hand, the expanding scale of production leads to (results in) increased consumption of energy / the scale of production keeps expanding, consuming more energy. On the other hand,
production facilities (equipment) that can utilize energy
efficiently are lacking. That (This) forces us to think about how
to leave enough environmental space to future generations (our offspring) so that they can fulfill their aspirations.
0801
英国先前奉行的殖民政策导致了英语在全球的普及。美国无所不在的影响又加剧了英语的广泛使用。但是英语作为国际语言的霸主地位是福也是祸。只举其一，他加速了一些语言的灭绝。人们一直在想是否有可能创造一种世界语言，从而有望结束那些语言引起的麻烦和冲突。令人遗憾的是，使世界语言一直的尝试收效甚微，原因是某一语言的本族语者不愿意把另一语言当做自己的母语。放弃自己的母语就等于失去自己民族的基本特征。
According to the latest statistics, 67percent of the U.S. Population have access to the Internet, a percentage six times that of China(as large as China's). Despite the influential(huge) role of the Internet, many problems(issues) are far from settled(solved), such as the invasion(attack) of viruses and information security. Even if it is possible to find final(eventual) solutions, it will take painstaking efforts and many years.
0806
在现实世界中，人的个性复杂，动机不明，结局不定。与此不同的是，电视展现的世界简单明了。在一部又一部电视剧中，奖惩快速实现，设计合理。危机得到解除，问题得到解决，正义总是战胜邪恶。剧中的主人公们特点明确：或是廉洁奉公，或是腐败堕落；或是大公无私，或是目标远大；或是讲究效率，或是多愁善感。为了被尽可能多的观众接受并使故事引人入胜，情节主线贯穿的是最能被人接受的道德观和正义感，而不考虑这些观念是否符合现实。电视剧插播的一个接一个的广告有时让你发疯。
The Chinese have traditionally attached importance to education, especially the education of children. Many parents have their children attend various training courses to increase
their chance of being admitted by the ideal high schools. Experts, however, point out that keeping children curious about and interested in science will facilitate their intellectual development.
A child without any creativity and imagination can hardly go
very far.
0901
形势要求某一学科改变研究方法，该学科主要革新者迎接新形势的挑战时，可能采取若干形式，而且由于不同学术带头人对某一形式有不同的反应，会出现彼此对立的学派。标准教科书的使用加剧了对立局面并使其长期存在。任何基于经验的科学必须能处理属于自己领域内的现象。一旦某个观察被认为是相关的，该学科的理论和描述分析方式必须能科学地对这一观察加以处理，内容详尽、观点一致和省钱省力是基本原则。把某一学科延伸到新的相关领域可能要求沿着先前的路线对现有的理论作进一步的阐述和表达。
说明：l）第句中的respond to也可译成“对……做出反应”；2）把schools译成“学校”
要扣分；3）a particular situation不能译成“特殊的形势”；4) economy也可译成“经济”。
Students in China spend much time on English than on other courses (subjects), for it requires(demands/calls for) extensive reading, mechanical memorization and regular revision. Teachers have students do a lot of exercises involving (that involve) multiple choices, only to neglect (ignore) the cultivation (development) of the ability to use English actively. There are both advantages and disadvantages to this test-
oriented teaching approach/This test-oriented teaching approach has both advantages and disadvantages
说明：1）如果把第句译成the time high school students spend on English is much more
than…，这不符合英语习惯，要扣分。than后面的on建议不要省略；2）“需要”最好不要用need来翻译；3）“机械翻译”小要译为mechanical memory或recitation; 4）电可用make 或let翻译“让”，但如果写成make sb. to do，要扣分；5）“结果是”也可译为as a result或consequently; 6)把“主动使用英语的能力”洋为the ability of using/that uses，要扣分；7）“应试教育”也可译为test-centered或test-focused teaching。
0906
某一学科的变化和进展（进步）取决于众多因素。每一学科都是过去的产物，上一代人达到的水平是下一代人的起点。但任何一个学科都不是在真空中发展的，都要参照或接触其他学科和总的学术环境。科学家和从事学术研究的人要受自己所处的时代和国家影响，他们不可能脱离文化生活。科学发展的道路（进程）不仅受过去的影响，也受当时世界的社会环境和知识前提的影响。学科的应用和其他人对该学科的期望可能在很大程度上决定（左右）学科发展和变化的方向。
It usually takes three years to get a master’s degree in China. After accumulating (Having accumulated) enough credits in the first year, students will proceed (go on) to complete (finish) a thesis in the last two years. Not only does this thesis have to be of some academic value, but reflect (embody / demonstrate) the student’s ability for (to do) scientific research. The increasing weight (emphasis) placed on academic integrity (honesty) will contribute to higher moral standards in the scientific community.
1001
语言用于文化传播极大地加速了人类的进步。任何个人
积累的知识利经验都可通过语言
传给另人，结果是，再多的演示（示范）也无法取代语言
的作用。从此意义卜说，发明印刷
术的重要性小论怎样夸大都小过分。目前，只要有文化并
理解涉及的内容，任何人都能得到和利用世界任何地方的
任何成就。最发达的动物交流系统尽管被授予语言的雅
号，但同使用口头或笔头语言相比，也有天壤之别。
说明：下列翻译方式要酌情扣分：1）把a particular person翻译为“某个特殊的人”；2）把so that翻译为“日的是”；3）把no amount of翻译为“没有量”；4）把from these uses of language翻译为“从语言的这些使用当中”。
To generate (produce) the same amount of electricity, China consumes four times as much energy as the world average (the consumption of energy in China is four times the world average / China consumes three times more energy than) Since the outset (turn / beginning) of this century, increasing productivity while conserving energy has bcen one of the utmost (biggest) concerns of the Chinese government. No country, be it (whether it be) China or the United States, can achieve sustainable development without taking into consideration (account) / giving consideration to the interest of future generations (the offspring) / unless the interest of the offspring
is taken into consideration.
说明: 下列翻译方式要酌情扣分:
第一句: for producing..., the same number..., as many energy, ...energy four times as much as, four times energy as much as..., four times of the world average, the energy China consumes is four times as much as the average amount of the world (汉语思维)
第二句: from the beginning of this century, increasing products, has been one of the concern..., is one of the concerns..., one of the things government concerns most /is concerned most /is concerning most / https://www.doczj.com/doc/d44299754.html,ernment most
第三句: any country...cannot..., can not (不能分开写 ), China or the United States, no matter (it is) China or . , both China and..., either China or..., realize sustainable development, offsprings, any country...cannot..., no country is possible to achieve sustainable development if... (属于严重错误)
1006
之所以不把二氧化碳列为污染物，是因为二氧化碳是大气的天然成分，植物进行生物合成需要二氧化碳。正如人们普遍认为人的饮食不可缺少维生素D一样，也都认为二氧化碳是大气不可缺少的成分。但是摄入过多的维生素D 会有很大的副作用。生命系统，不论是生态系统还是生物，都需要在某些化合物之间保持微妙的平衡，以确保系统功能正常。尽管少量的某种物质是必要的，但当该物质过量出现威胁生态系统的健康时，就具有了毒副作用。
The fast development of telecommunications has made the cell (mobile) phone popular among (a favorite of) high schoolers (high school students). Despite its multiple (many) functions, the cell phone has some negative (adverse) effect on the academic performance of teenagers, such as cheating on a test or distraction (lack of attention / lack of concentration / a shortened attention span) in class. Besides, regular use of a cell
phone ends up with less face-to-face communication while chronic exposure to the radiation from the cell phone can lead to (result in / cause ) the decline of memory or increase the chance (odds / prospect) of developing a brain tumor.
1101
沙漠化是由人为因素和气候变化造成的，是土地退化的一个过程。过度开垦和落后的灌溉方法等人类活动正在把需要几百年才能形成的肥沃土壤变成贫瘠的地块。由于缺乏可持续使用土地的方法，贫困农民只好开垦退化的土地，结果却导致恶性循环，所以说解决农村贫困问题是抗击沙漠化的关键。只要促使水土不断流失的环境力量存在，任何一个长期扶贫战略都不会成功。根据目前对气候变化的预测，如果促成气候变化的因素得不到解决，干旱引发的困难和人类遭受的损失就有可能增加。
Over the past few years, the price of housing in some parts of Beijing has quadrupled (increased fourfold / four times), making (rendering) it impossible for many of the young to buy (afford) a house in an ideal neighborhood / making a house in an ideal neighborhood unaffordable for many of the young / so that many of the young can’t afford a house in an ideal
neighborhood. Whatever the reason (cause), the high price of housing is likely to increase (add to) the financial pressure on parents. The ordinary people can do nothing about it but voice (express) their dissatisfaction (discontent). Fortunately, there are data that suggest that the effort of the central government to bring the price of housing under control is beginning to work (produce effect).
评分建议：
1.第1句应该用完成时翻译。“翻两番”的英文是quadruple
（字典的解释是increase fourfold），是超纲词汇，可用increase或rise等词翻译，但不能说increase (by) three
times（是原来的三倍，相当于triple）。表达倍数时，汉语思维有时不灵。
2.…making sb. difficult / impossible to do sth.是严重错误，
建议扣分。也可用定语从句翻译。使用逗号时，后面不宜用this或that之类词。
3.把“小区”翻译为community也可接受。
4.“不论什么原因”也可翻译成for whatever reason。
5.“很可能”不能翻译成…is probable to do sth.或is quite
possible to do sth.，建议多扣分。
6.“对……采取行动”常用介词about，不宜用with或for。此
外，…can do nothing…but to do…/ doing也要酌情扣分。
7.注意“不满”的英语单词形式，错误使用unsatisfactory或
dissatisfied等形式要扣分。
1106
没人会花很长时间来决定是阅读印刷的广告还是听播
放的广告。如果广告不能马上吸引人们的注意力，使其专
注片刻，足以理解广告内容，那么这个广告会惨败。因
此，广告词的效果必须是立竿见影，马上让你心动。广告
词必须让人关注所介绍的产品，突出其性能，简明介绍购
买它的理由，最好使读者或听众对产品的介绍留下深刻印象，并能长久回荡在其脑海里。
Jobs come easily to college graduates who …( Some college graduates can find jobs / work / employment / get employed easily, who…) are characterized by academic excellence and the willingness to do low-income / poorly-paid jobs. The two factors are equally important / of equal importance / equal in importance. Working where you can prove your own worth / value is a crucial / key step towards success. For example, Obama started as a community organizer, who was unlikely to expect (could not have expected / probably did not expect ) that he could become president of the United States. 以下翻译方式酌情扣分：
1.…graduates are easy to find jobs. 属于严重错误。
2.…find a work. work不可数.
3.….characterized by willing to…或…willingness of doing….
4.…factors are the same important. 属于严重错误。
5.…prove the value of oneself / oneself’s value (worth)
6.…who was impossible to expect…属于严重错误。…who could not expect…
1.1 Jobs come easily to college graduates who are characterized by academic excellence and the willingness to do low-income jobs.
1.2 Some college graduates can get employed easily. What they have in common is good academic performance and willingness to do low-income jobs.
1.3 It is easy for some college graduates to find a job. They usually have a good academic record. They are also willing to do poorly-paid jobs.
2.1 The two factors are of equal importance. equal in importance
2.2 The two factors are equally important
3.1 It is a key step to success to be able to work in a position that shows your abilities.
3.2 Working where you can prove your own value is a crucial step towards success.
4.1 For example, Obama started as a community organizer, who was unlikely to expect that he could become president of the United States.
4.2 For example, Obama started as a community organizer. He could not have expected that he could become president of the United States.
4.3 For example, Obama’s first job was a community organizer. It was impossible for him to anticipate presidency of the United States.
2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析 考研历年真题一定要用好，研究好。结合大纲和真题来选择辅导用书是最明智的。本文带大家回顾2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析： Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. (48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity int o the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours. Boiling down an individual’s o utput to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science. 46-50参考答案及解析：
0501 戒严与其说是个人的选择, 不如说是对自己毅力的考验, 因为人们普遍认为吸烟是上瘾的. 尽管专家的建议和药物疗法确实能增加永久戒严的可能性, 但是避免这种困境的最好的方法就是不要涉猎吸烟. 吸烟的负面影响在各个程度上是不同的, 它与吸烟的数量以及烟龄的长短, 还有开始吸烟的年龄有关. 这份报告向以下观点提出了质疑, 这种观点认为吸烟几年不会产生永久的危害性的后果. 我们希望阻止这种普遍的但是却是生死攸关的习惯, 并且提醒大家戒烟的时间越长, 和吸烟有关的健康问题就会大幅度地减少. It is increasingly realized that ( There is a growing realization /awareness that ) developing environment-protecting products really count. To fulfill the long-term and substantial development, developed countries should at all costs decrease the emission of greenhouse gases. If the speed of global warming nowadays continues, the probability of disappearance from the earth to such big cities as Tokyo and London will be 10 times as fast as that of 20 years ago. 0506 本书是在全国不同学校讲课几十年的结晶.它基于以下观
2020年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析 2017年考研英语考试已经结束!出国留学考研网在考后第一时间 为大家提供2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析，更多考研资讯 请关注我们网站的更新! 2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析 英语1文章明显偏学术，今年考察英语语言发展情况，文章选的英国文化教育协会，是雅思出题组织者。它的主席叫大卫格兰多的 一本书，叫《英语下一步》，他讲到整本书意思是英语将走向何处。 很有意思的是主席曾经这本书里说到了中文将以后成为世界语言。英语1考题作为序言部分作为考题。 今年英语1总体难度和去年相比，刚刚过去2016年考研题稳中 有一点点上升，没有任何难句出现，只是长句。我认为稳中上升。 第一句话有一个单词难一点，(英文)，英语全球性主导地位。翻译里没有考过。(英文)主导地位考过，但是是阅读里经常出现，翻 译都是可以的。这句话基本意思说到了，说英语的人进一步扩大， 这是一个(英文)状语从句。后面跟着有迹象表明，是主句，表明的 迹象是什么呢?从句，英语全球性主导地位在可预见地位将减弱。 fade(英文)略微有难度。我对考研阅读没有那么熟，但是2000 年出现过。如果按照新东方老师关注的精读方法来学习有很好的效果。 第二句话讲到了大卫这个人分析，会终结一些人的(英文)，他们或许会认为英语全球性地位是如此稳定。他们有一次词，是(英语) 如此稳定，英国年轻一代不需要额外学习其他的语言能力。但是会 终结年轻一代的能力。 但是组织的时候要注意一下，有些人认为英语语言地位如此稳定，英国年轻人没有必要学习什么，但是大卫的观点会终结这些人的想法。语序颠倒一下会更好。
《商务英语口语》说课要点 1、该课在专业学生培养方案中所起的主要作用： 《商务英语口语》是一门实践性较强的课程。通过该门课程的学习，要求学生了解和掌握商务活动背景知识，能流利与外商谈论日常及一般商务话题。该课程属商务英语专业必修课，其主要前期课程包括进出口业务和商务英语函电。学生在修该门课之前需具备一定的进出口业务知识和商务英语基本技能。该课程的平行及后续课程包括商务英语写作和商务英语翻译等。实践证明，本课程在培养学生的英语口头表达能力和商务英语谈判应用能力方面具有相当重要的地位。 2、该课程在教学内容方面所进行的取舍、整合等课程改革情况： ①教学内容改革 在原有的发盘、报盘、还盘、商谈包装、运输、支付手段、保险条款、签署合同、商务代理为主要内容的基础上，增加处理投诉、索赔，国际投资、国际招标与投标、国际经济技术合作等内容。即由原来外贸口语基本内容扩充到商务英语会话及谈判。 ②课程主要教学方法和手段改革 商务英语口语是一门实践性很强的课程。以前的教学方法通常是教师讲解带读,学生朗读背诵，反复句型操练。这样的教学模式存在不少的问题,如课堂气氛不够活跃,容易形成教师“一言堂”的状况；学生实践能力和灵活运用能力较差等。同时，由于课堂教学形式的限制，教师无法正确安排实践环节，这也是影响教学效果的主要因素之一。针对种种现状，我们可加入丰富的案例教学，情境教学，培养学生的发散性思维，多维创造性，变“教师为主体”的教学模式为“学生为主体”的教学模式。教师通过让学生做值日报告、编写情景对话等演示，多让学生走上讲台，学生在自编自演的过程中充分发挥其学习自主性,能力也相应得到提高。
教学方法的多样性必须依托丰富的教学手段。教学手段的多样化可以提高学生对学习商务英语口语的热情,加强对商务活动场景的感性认识。在实际教学过程中可以充分利用多媒体、网络等现代教学手段,激发学生的学习兴趣。在这样的环境里,教师可以利用各种音像资料教学软件丰富教学内容,活跃课堂气氛。对部分口语素材,如报价单，包装规格、支付方式等通过多媒体手段演示,并模拟双边谈判、成交等程序,加深印象。此外,教师可以指导学生学会利用网络上的丰富资源,培养他们的自主学习能力,促进课堂知识的消化。如有条件可以组织专业教师自行开发外贸英语口语教学软件或课件,放到校园网上,要求学生课后上网浏览。如图1-1所示。 图1-1 商务英语口语教学的多种教学手段 ③实践教学内容和环节的确定 实训1 机场迎客 实训内容：机场迎接国际贸易伙伴或准伙伴 实训目的：让学生了解并体验各国迎候、见面、打招呼的不同方式、喜好及忌讳，了解机场接客的基本程序及礼仪。 实训场地：黄花机场 实训步骤：1、确认对方，自我介绍 2、问候客人，稍作闲聊 3、安置行李，驱车送客
近年汉译英试题 2004年1月 考研的人在英语上花的时间远远多于其它学科，希望英语分数越高越好。许多人坚信成功地秘诀是参加短训班和多背范文，结果却发现此招不灵。他们为提高英语水平做出的努力很难得到回报。 参考译文： Those who take the entrance examination for graduate schools spend much (/far) more time on English than on other subjects, hoping for the highest possible scores of English. Many people are convinced that the secret to success is to attend training courses (/classes) and learn many sample writings by heart, only to find that doesn’t work. Their efforts to improving their English can’t pay off easily. 2004年6月 计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。它的神奇之处在于其运算速度和准确性优于人类。计算机能在几秒钟内完成几十年前可能需要数天才能完成的事。这是人类第一次感到自己作为最高级物种的地位受到了挑战。 参考译文： The computer is believed (/regarded /considered) to be the invention that has exerted the greatest influence on human lives in history. What is remarkable about it is that it can calculate with better speed and accuracy than man. The computer can finish in seconds what might have taken days decades ago. This is the first time that man has felt that his position (/status) as the highest species has been challenged. 2005年1月 人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性。为实现长期可持续发展，发达国家不惜代价减少温室气体的排放。如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变，东京和伦敦等大城市从地球上消失的可能性将是20前的10倍。 参考译文： People have become increasingly aware of the importance of developing environmentally friendly (pollution-free) products. For the sake of longstanding sustainable development, developed countries are to reduce
Unit 2 III Translation Practice Exercise 1 A. 1. 麦当劳有很多让农民恼怒的事：千篇－律，平淡无味，还有其所代表的烹饪霸权 2. 至少有40种植物已经通过了政府审核。 3. 到目前为止，还没有任何迹象表明基因重组作物会对任何人造成任何伤害。 4. 即使还没有法律措施，公众舆论正以更加怀疑的态度看待基因改良技术。 5. 这种优质作物受到农民的欢迎是情有可原的，因为对他们来说，产量即使有一丁点 的增长也就意味着利润上的极大提高。 B. 1. In recent years Europeans have become increasingly jumpy about bad food – and with good reason. 2. This year the E.U. banned the importation of non-approved GM corn. 3. It is crucially important that we take stock of this technology’s probable effects on our planet’s ecosystems. 4. We should also take a sober look at the effect of genetic engineering in the social and political realms. 5. Nature is never idle. Through random mutations, nature constantly tests new genetic models of organisms. Exercise 2. A. 1. 全世界的人们都在密切地注视他们食品中的基因构成——并地为他们所看到的一切 越发感到不安。在过去的十年里，随着科学家们将无数的水果和蔬菜的基因重组，使平常的农作物变成了能抵御霜冻、经得起除草剂，甚至产生消灭自身害虫作用的超级作物，基因改良食品已日益成为普遍现象。就总数而言，超过4,500的基因改良植物已经过测试，其中至少有40种——包括13种玉米，11种西红柿和4种大豆——已经通过了政府的审核。 2. 但是，一个国家的禁令对另一国家而言就是一种贸易保护主义，美国对欧洲的举动 持怀疑态度。自从欧洲决定继续禁止进口助长荷尔蒙的美国牛肉以来，美国通过对欧洲某些出口食品征收100%的关税作为反击，欧美之间的关系近来变得越发紧张。在这种激烈的争斗中，转基因食品禁令的审慎态度与报复差不多/ 看似是报复行为，其实是一种审慎。此外，假如欧洲如此担忧转基因食品的话，为什么还要生产它们呢？法国生产的转基因粮食规模不大，而消费得却比其它欧洲国家多。 B. 1. Ready or not, the world is entering the age of genetic engineering. Altered environments and human-created life forms will be part of this new age. Plants may be transformed into miniature factories producing plastics, medicines, or perfumes. Animals may be given human genes to make their tissues compatible with humans, allowing animal hearts and other organs to be transplanted into critically ill people. 2. We should also take a sober look at the effects of genetic engineering in the social and political realms. Because the agricultural and medical benefits of genetic engineering are expensive, poor individuals and poor nations will not be able to afford them – at least not for years to come. As a result, the economic gap between rich and poor is likely to widen. In
2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案(跨考版) 文章来源于An Outline of American History，《美国历史纲要》，是一本历史学方面的专著。 46 We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. 【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句，第一个并列句主干是 We don’t have to learn ，how引导宾语从句做learn的宾语，第二个 并列句主干是it is built into us in the same way，that引导定 语从句修饰先行词way，that定语从句中主干是our bodies know，how引导宾语从句做know的宾语。 【参考译文】我们无需刻意去了解学习才能让心理更健康，它正 如我们的身体知道怎样让伤口愈合和修复骨折一样，是根植于我们体 内的/是我们与生俱来的水平。 47 Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant. 【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句, 第一个并列句主谓结构， 很简单，第二个并列句中，like the sun behind a cloud是状语， but 连接两个并列分句，包括短语be hidden from 和be capable of. 涉及被动语态的翻译方法。 【参考译文】我们的心理健康并不是真的消失不见，就像云朵背 后的太阳，它也许暂时被遮挡，但是它也能够在瞬间重焕光芒。 48 Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.
考试须知 1、本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（Answer Sheet)两种，答题时间 为120分钟。 2、请考生用钢笔在Answer Sheet上写上姓名、学号、专业班级。 3、请考生在Answer Sheet上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在Answer Sheet中找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（A\B\C\D）填写在题号后的括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本人负责。 5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写在Answer Sheet 指定位置上。 6、考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题册和答题纸分别 上交监考老师。 Test 23 Part I Situational Conversations (10%) Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center of the corresponding letter． 1. Christopher: If I am not mistaken, your birthday is coming up. Has your brother sent you anything? Samuel: Not yet. _____________. A. He never forgets though. B. After all, he’ll buy something for me. C. I expect so D. No, I don’t like it. 2. Flora: What's the matter? Don't you like the soup? Carl: _________ Flora: Oh, I'm sorry about that. A. Yes, I'm crazy about it. B. Well, not very much, I'm afraid. C. I see. It's a little hot. D. No. I like it, actually.
1.Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging , that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long , or that a particular point requires further explanation 听众的眼神足以表明，演说过于拖沓，演讲者在某一点上讲得太多，或者在某一点上还需要做进一步的解释。 2.But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people , but also religious beliefs , emotions , and psychology. 但是艺术史注意的不仅仅是这些，因为艺术不仅反映了一个民族的政治价值，也反应了他们的宗教信仰，感情和心理特点。 3.One widely held belief is that a sharp fright will end a troublesome bout of hiccups , but many people prefer just waiting for them to go away as this “cure” is often worse than the ailment itself . 一个普遍认同的观点是，猛然的惊吓会止住一阵讨厌的打嗝，但是很多人更愿意等待打嗝自然过去，因为这种“止隔得方法”往往比打嗝本身更加的糟糕。 4.That our environment had little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. 这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。 5.And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours , has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions , because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way. 敌人吹嘘能在几个小时内就占领战略要地，由于受到顽强抵抗，甚至还没有能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。 6. A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June , must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’s needs but also to produce milk for her fawns. 一只成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，她必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。 7.The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House. 在主要问及昨天选举结果的记者招待会上，总统说他无法解释为何共和党遭到如此惨痛的失败,这最终会使共和党丧失在众议院长期以来享有的优势。 8.The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. 第二个方面是，社会上的一切成员，从政府部门中任公职的官员到普通公民，都应运用科学家们在科研工作中所采用的专门的思维方法和工作方法。 9.The method was largely developed by physicists , chemists and biologists ; it was later adopted by people working in such areas as education, psychology and sociology , where the subjects of research were often people. 这种方法在很大程度上先是由物理学家、化学家和生物学家使用，后来为在教育学、心理学和社会学等领域内工作的研究人员所采纳而发展起来的。
第一单元 “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝
Unit One 核心员工的特征 大卫·G．詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2：紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M 公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3：风险容忍度 企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。” 10风险容忍度的另外一个要点是求职者对失败的承受度。失败很重要，因为这表示你不怕冒险。所以各家公司总会寻找有可能犯错误并敢于承认错误的求职者。大家都知道如何谈论成功——或者当他们在寻找工作的时候应该知道。但很少有人乐意谈论失败，更少有人知道如何从失败的边缘吸取教训和获得经验。“对我的企业来说，求职者需要坦然地谈论他或她的失败，而且他或她需要有真正的失败经历，而不是特意为面试而杜撰的东西。如果做不到的话，那么这个人冒的风险还不够，”豪特说。 11特征4：善于处理人际关系 瑞克·李奇在迪科德遗传工程公司从事业务拓展。李奇最近才转行到企业，做业务方面的工作。我向他咨询这个重要特征，是因为在他的新业务角色中，人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很大的作用。“科学家毕生都在积累知识，培养技术上的敏锐感，”他说，“但为企业工作需要完全不同的东西——人际交往的能力。想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。” 1