unit1topic1

Unit1 topic1

My hometown has become more and more beautiful.

I. 重点语法: 现在完成时I

1). 用法: (1) 过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

（2）过去开始，并延续到现在的动作或状态。

如：I have bought a new bike. (= I bought a new bike, and I have a new bike now.)

我已经买了一辆新的自行车。（强调结果：我现在有了一辆新车。）

I have lived here for 5 years / since 5 years ago / since I was born.

我在这已经住了五年了。/ 我自出生起就住在这。

2). 构成：助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词

1．肯定句：I have seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影。

否定句：I haven’t seen the film. 我没看过这部电影。

一般疑问句：Have you seen the film? 你看过这部电影了吗？

回答：Yes, I have.是的，我看过了。No, I haven’t.不，我没看过。

特殊疑问句：What have you done?你已经做了什么？

3). 表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，即“过去的动作,现在的结果”常与never / ever, just, already / yet, before, so far 等连用；

1．already 和yet

already “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句），如：He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。※ already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇”

Have you finished your homework already? 难道你已经完成作业了？

yet “已经; 还”（用于否定句或疑问句），如：

Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？

I haven’t finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。

2．ever 和never

ever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历），

如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。

never“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。如：

I have never seen him before.

----Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出国过吗？----No, never. 不，从来没有。

3．just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前），如：

I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。

4．before “之前”（一般位于句末；常与never呼应），如：

He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before. 他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。

用“never, ever, already, just, yet, ”填空.

1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.

2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.

3. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”

4. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”

5. “Have you finished our homework?”“----Not “

2. 现在完成时含义之二表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since 等连用。

1).for + 一段时间（数词+量词），（for 短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段）此划线部分用how long 提问。

for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。

e.g. 1. We have known each other for two years.

How long have you known each other ?

2. I haven’t seen her for a long time.

2).since + 过去点的时间。（since 短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点）。

since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there

e.g. 1. Mr Smith has worked here since 1984.

2. He has learned about 5000 English words since he went to college.

Exercise: 用since和for填空

1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.

2. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.

3. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.

4. India has been an independent country ______1974.

5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

3.have been in, have been to, 与 have gone to 得用法

have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如: since, for, how long 等；

e.g. Mr Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.

have (has) been to表示“曾经去过某地，现在已经不在那里了，可与just, ever, never 连用；