英语修辞学2004试卷

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For questions 1-5, you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fillout the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Geography of BelgiumThree main regions coastal plaincentral plateau1Highest altitude of the coastal plain ________m 2Climate near the sea HumidParticularly rainy months of the years April4Average temperatures in July inBrusselslow 13℃high ________℃5Part BDirections:For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with Mr. Saffo from the Institute for the Future. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentencesand questions below. (5 points)What is Saffo according to himself?1672004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题58The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and ________.The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is________.To succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious and________.What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team?67910Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will havetime to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will heareach piece once only. (10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about naming newborns. You now have 15 secondsto read Questions 11-13.11. What do we often do with the things we love?[A] Ask for their names.[B] Name babies after them.[C] Put down their names.[D] Choose names for them.12. The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often overlooked if ________.[A] the family tree is fairly limited[B] the family tie is strong enough[C] the name is commonly used[D] nobody in the family complains13. Several months after a baby’s birth, its name will ________.[A] show the beauty of its own[B] develop more associations[C] lose the original meaning[D] help form the baby’s personalityQuestions 14-16 are based on the biography of Bobby Moore, an English soccer player. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.1682004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题5914. How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?[A] 90[B] 108[C] 180[D] 66815. In 1964, Bobby Moore was made ________.[A] England’s footballer of the year[B] a soccer coach in West Germany[C] a medalist for his sportsmanship[D] a number of the Order of the British Empire16. After Moore retired from playing, the first thing he did was ________.[A] editing Sunday Sport[B] working for Capital Radio[C] managing professional soccer teams[D] developing a sports marketing companyQuestions 17-20 are based on the following talk on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. Belfast has long been famous for its ________.[A] oil refinery[B] linen textiles[C] food products[D] deepwater port18. Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?[A] Soap[B] Grain[C] Steel[D] Tobacco19. When was Belfast founded?[A] In 1177[B] In 1315[C] In the 16th century[D] In the 17th century20. What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century?[A] French refugees arrived.[B] The harbor was destroyed.1692004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题60[C] Shipbuilding began to flourish.[D] The city was taken by the English.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 大21 家on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior大22 家they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 大23 家with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 大24 家to their failure to rise above theirsocioeconomic status, 大25 家as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,大26 家the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 大27家lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative andare 大28 家to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 大29家juvenile crime rates. For example,changes in the economy that 大30 家to fewer job opportunities for youth and risingunemployment 大31家make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resultingdiscontent may in 大32 家lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 大33 家changes these years. More families consist of one-parenthouseholds or two working parents; 大34 家, children are likely to have less supervision at home 大35家was common in the traditional family 大36家. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 大37 家causes of offensive actsinclude frustration or failure in school, the increased 大38 家of drugs and alcohol, and1702004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题61the growing 大39 家of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increasethe probability of a child committing a criminal act, 大40 家a direct causal relationshiphas not yet been established.21. [A] acting[B] relying[C] centering[D] commenting22. [A] before[B] unless[C] until[D] because23. [A] interaction[B] assimilation[D] consultation24. [A] return[B] reply[C] reference[D] response25. [A] or[B] but rather[C] but[D] or else26. [A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting[D] discarding27. [A] on[B] in[C] for[D] with28. [A] immune[B] resistant1712004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题62[D] subject29. [A] affect[B] reduce[C] check[D] reflect30. [A] point[B] lead[C] come[D] amount31. [A] in general[B] on average[C] by contrast[D] at length32. [A] case[B] short[C] turn[D] essence33. [A] survived[B] noticed[C] undertaken[D] experienced34. [A] contrarily[B] consequently[C] similarly[D] simultaneously35. [A] than[B] that[C] which[D] as36. [A] system[B] structure[C] concept[D] heritage1722004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题6337. [A] assessable[B] identifiable[C] negligible[D] incredible38. [A] expense[B] restriction[C] allocation[D] availability39. [A] incidence[B] awareness[C] exposure[D] popularity40. [A] provided[B] since[C] although[D] supposingSection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C]or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal sear ch agent.” It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteriasuch as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted inthe database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Threeweeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, whoE-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can betime-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work agai nst you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do-- then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kindof tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider1732004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题64it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everythingthat is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s age ntsends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs -- those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them -- and they do. “On theday after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use themto keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensationto arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. W orking with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.41. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling.[B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency.[D] Fewer successful matches.43. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.[A] advisory[B] compensation[C] interaction[D] reminder44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.45. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.1742004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题65Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiaccars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread betweenthe halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginningwith letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and Cres pectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of theseven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them reallyuses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellisonand Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first yearin infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worsequalifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence inspeaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.48. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.1752004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题66[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight49. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.50. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. Butthe 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d liketo, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.” she says.Even before Alan Greenspa n’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lotsof working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fedby Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get twoor three,” says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles inthe job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary 1762004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题67ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Lines 1-2, Paragraph 1), the authormeans ________.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic.[B] Confused.[C] Carefree.[D] Panicked.53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the authoris talking about ________.[A] gold market[B] real estate[C] stock exchange[D] venture investment54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education -- not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.”1772004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题68Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots ofanti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intell ect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professorRichard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginningof our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorousbook learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized -- going to school and learning to read -- so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________.[A] undervaluing intellect[B] favoring intellectualism[C] supporting school reform[D] suppressing native intelligence58. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are ________.[A] identical[B] similar[C] complementary1782004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题69[D] opposite59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably ________.[A] a pioneer of education reform[B] an opponent of intellectualism[C] a scholar in favor of intellect[D] an advocate of regular schooling60. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies power.Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. 61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very differentfrom their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of thetwentieth century. 62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. 63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. 64)Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea thatthe structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language,the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. 65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.61. ________1792004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题7062. ________63. ________64. ________65. ________Section IV Writing66. Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the drawing,2) interpret its meaning, and3) support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 1802004 年考研英语真题答案712004 年考研英语真题答案Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points)Part A (5 points)1. highlands2. 203. mild4. November5. 22Part B (5 points)6. A (technology) forecaster;7. government agencies;8. (A) meaningful (exercise);9. open to change;10. Trust and cooperation.Part C (10 points)11. [D] 12. [B] 13. [C] 14. [D] 15. [A]16. [C] 17. [B] 18. [A] 19. [A] 20. [C]Section II: Use of English (10 points)21. [C] 22. [D] 23. [A] 24. [D] 25. [A]26. [B] 27. [C] 28. [D] 29. [A] 30. [B]31. [A] 32. [C] 33. [D] 34. [B] 35. [A]36. [B] 37. [B] 38. [D] 39. [A] 40. [C]Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points)41. [C] 42. [A] 43. [D] 44. [B] 45. [C]46. [A] 47. [D] 48. [C] 49. [B] 50. [D]51. [D] 52. [A] 53. [B] 54. [A] 55. [C]56. [C] 57. [A] 58. [D] 59. [B] 60. [C]Part B (10 points)61. 希腊人认为, 语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。

2004年普通高等学校招生考试英语（江苏卷）National Matriculation English Test（NMET 2004）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

共150分。

考试时间120分钟。

第一卷(选择题共115分)第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节：单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例: It is generally considered unwise to give a child_________ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever21. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will_b_______.A. anyoneB. anyone elseC. no oneD. no one else22. --- I don't mind telling you what I know.--- You d . I'm not asking you for it.A. mustn'tB. may notC. can'tD. needn’t23. a I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.A. WhileB. SinceC. BeforeD. Unless24. He got to the station early,_______c_____ missing his train.A. in case ofB. instead ofC. for fear ofD. in search of25. The man insisted____c____ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. findB. to findC. on findingD. in finding26. More patients _____d______ in hospital this year than last year.A. treatedB. have treatedC. had been treatedD. have been treated27. Tom owns ___b____larger collection of _______ books than any other student in our class.A. the; 不填B. a; 不填C. a; theD. 不填; the28. -- You haven't lost the ticket, have you?-- ____a_____. I know it's not easy to get another one at the moment.A. I hope notB. Yes, I haveC. I hope soD. Y es, I’m afraid so29. It's ten years since the scientist b______on his life's work of discovering the valuablechemical.A. made forB. set outC. took offD. turned up30. A man is being questioned in relation to the __a__C____ murder last night.A. advisedB. attendedC. attemptedD. admitted31. The old man, ___d_________abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to workB. workingC. to have workedD. having worked32. The_____a_______house smells as if it hasn't been lived in for years.A. little white woodenB. little wooden whiteC. white wooden littleD. wooden white little33. ____d____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A. WhichB. WhenC. WhatD. As34. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people__b___to enjoy theadvantages of this new technology.A. beginB. beganC. have begunD. had begun35. ----How long are you staying?----I don't know._____d_C_____.A. That's OKB. Never mindC. It dependsD.It doesn't matter第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2004年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 3 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 5 as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, _ 6 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 8 to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 12 lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 13 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 14 ，children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __17_ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased __ 18 _ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.1. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting2. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because3. [A] interaction [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation4. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response5. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else6. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding7. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with8. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject9. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect10. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount11. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length12. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence13. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced14.[A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously15. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as16. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage17. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible18. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability19. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity20. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can he time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, ma y work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility,” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages t o those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs—those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them—and they do. “On the d ay after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.21. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database. [B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database. [D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.22. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling. [B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency. [D] Fewer successful matches.23. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means.[A] advisory. [B] compensation.[C] interaction. [D] reminder.24. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches. [B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages. [D] To increase the rate of success.25. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.26. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality. [B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice. [D] A kind of brand discrimination.27. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.28. The 4th paragraph suggests that .[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight29. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?[A] They are getting impatient. [B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated. [D] They are busy with word puzzles.30. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I'm a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there's a new gold ru sh happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.31. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means_____.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business. [B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit. [D] Spero is not in a desperate situation.32. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic. [B] Confused. [C] Carefree. [D] Panicked.33. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range”(Lines 3, Paragraph 3), the author is talking about _______[A] gold market. [B] real estate. [C] stock exchange. [D] venture investment.34. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways. [B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom. [D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.35. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon. [B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not. [D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch's latest book. Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American Life,a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfu lly and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”36. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently. [B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career. [D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.37. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of________.[A] undervaluing intellect. [B] favoring intellectualism.[C] supporting school reform. [D] suppressing native intelligence.38. The views of Raviteh and Emerson on schooling are ______.[A] identical. [B] similar. [C] complementary. [D] opposite.39. Emerson, according to the text, is probably _________.[A] a pioneer of education reform. [B] an opponent of intellectualism.[C] a scholar in favor of intellect. [D] an advocate of regular schooling.40. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence. [B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued. [D] It underlies powerPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (41) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. (42) We are obliged to them because some of these languageshave since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. (43) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. (44) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.Section III Writing46. Directions：Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the drawing，2. interpret its meaning, and3. support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (20 points)。

【十年高考】2004-2013年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编：介词及介词短语〖04天津〗Stand over there you’ll be able to see it better.A.orB.whileC.butD.and〖答案〗D〖考点〗此题考查连词的用法。

〖解析〗本题考查并列句, 是祈使句的实际运用, 不表示转折或对比, 所以选择D项。

〖04福建〗It was a pity that the great writer died his works unfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of〖答案〗B〖考点〗本题考查介词的用法。

〖解析〗句意为：那个著名作家的作品还未完成他就去世了, 真是遗憾。

〖04四川〗 you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the theatre.A.ThoughB.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless〖答案〗D〖考点〗此题考查连词的用法。

〖解析〗unless=if...not。

〖05全国I〗No one helped me. I did it all _____ myself.A. forB. by C from D to〖答案〗B〖考点〗检查考生对介词短语在语境中的表达方法。

〖解析〗 (all) by oneself=alone=without help 单独；靠自己；无他人的帮助。

for oneself 意为“为自己”比如：say something for oneself。

to oneself 意为“自私的”；“为..所独有”。

比如：He had a room to himself.他自己有一个房间。

另外, say to oneself=think to oneself意为“心里想”不强调出声。

speak to oneself=talk to oneself=think loud均为“自言自语”。

2004年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through3 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,5 as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, _6 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 8 to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 12 lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 13 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 14 ，children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __17_ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased __ 18 _ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.1. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting2. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because3. [A] interaction [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation4. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response5. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else6. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding7. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with8. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject9. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect10. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount11. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length12. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence13. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced14.[A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously15. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as16. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage17. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible18. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability19. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity20. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property and Washington, D.C.Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can he time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility,” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broade n it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters t o return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs—those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them—and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worth while. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.21. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.22. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling [B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency [D] Fewer successful matches.23. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means.[A] advisory [B] compensation.[C] interaction [D] reminder.24. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.25. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.26. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.27. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.28. The 4th paragraph suggests that .[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight29. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.30. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the soft ening economy. “I'm a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleve land home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there's a new gold rush ha ppening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.31. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Parag raph 1), the author means_____.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business.[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit.[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation.32. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic. [B] Confused. [C] Carefree. [D] Panicked.33. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range”(Lines 3, Paragraph 3), the author istalking about _______[A] gold market. [B] real estate.[C] stock exchange. [D] venture investment.34. Why can many peo ple see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.35. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch's latest book. Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms,traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American Life,a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots ofanti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in school s and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who “joy fully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”36. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.37. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of________.[A] undervaluing intellect.[B] favoring intellectualism.[C] supporting school reform.[D] suppressing native intelligence.38. The views of Raviteh and Emerson on schooling are ______.[A] identical. [B] similar. [C] complementary. [D] opposite.39. Emerson, according to the text, is probably _________.[A] a pioneer of education reform.[B] an opponent of intellectualism.[C] a scholar in favor of intellect.[D] an advocate of regular schooling.40. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies powerPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (41) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.(42) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlie r part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. (43) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. (44) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.4142434445。

2004年辽宁卷高考真题英语试卷-学生用卷一、单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）1、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第21题1分There are many kinds of sports,my favorite is swimming.A. asB. thenC. soD. but2、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第22题1分John Smith, a successful businessman, has a car.A. large German whiteB. large white GermanC. white large GermanD. German large white3、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷2009~2010学年北京高二上学期期末第23题1分---Guess what! I came across an old friend at the party last night.---I'm sure you had a wonderful time.A. Sounds good!B. Very well.C. How nice!D. All right.4、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第24题1分I have done much of the work. Could you please finish in two days?A. the restB. the otherC. anotherD. the others5、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第25题1分2018~2019学年吉林长春朝阳区长春市第十七中学高二上学期期中第70题1分2018~2019学年10月江苏常州天宁区常州市第一中学高二上学期月考月考第30题1分I don’t know whether you happen,but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September.A. to be heardB. to be hearingC. to hearD. to have heard6、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第26题1分2018~2019学年上海徐汇区上海中学高二上学期期中第25题Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else such a beautiful palace.A. can you findB. you could findC. you can findD. could you find7、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第27题1分We were told that we should follow the main road we reached the central railway station.A. wheneverB. untilC. whileD. wherever8、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第28题1分It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931)the world leading inventor for sixty years.A. would beB. has beenC. had beenD. was9、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第29题1分2017~2018学年12月江苏苏州常熟市常熟中学高三上学期月考第24题1分—Mum, I've been studying English since 8 o'clock.I go out and play with Tom for a while?—No, I'm afraid not. Besides, it's raining outside now.A. Can'tB. Wouldn'tC. May notD. Won't10、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第30题1分2017~2018学年北京朝阳区北京市和平街第一中学高二上学期期中第24题1分2020~2021学年广东深圳南山区北京师范大学南山附属学校高一下学期期中第5题1分2015~2016学年北京朝阳区北京市和平街第一中学高二上学期期中第8题2019~2020学年天津津南区天津市咸水沽一中高一下学期期中第40题1分by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.A. AttractingB. AttractedC. To be attractedD. Having attracted11、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第31题1分When you finish reading the book, you will have better understandingof life.A. a; theB. the; aC. 不填; theD. a; 不填12、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第32题1分2020~2021学年天津南开区高三上学期期中第4题1分The final examination is coming up soon. It's time for us to our studies.A. get down toB. get outC. get back forD. get over13、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第33题1分John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been by a heavy storm.A. keptB. stoppedC. slowedD. delayed14、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第34题1分---I didn't hear you clearly. It's too noisy here.---I was saying that the party was great.A. Repeat.B. Once again.C. Sorry?D. So what?15、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第35题1分2019~2020学年广东深圳福田区深圳市高级中学高中部高一上学期期中第39题1分2019~2020学年广东广州越秀区广州市第七中学高一上学期期中第23题2017~2018学年北京东城区北京市东直门中学高一下学期期中第27题1分2014~2015学年北京东城区北京市东直门中学高一下学期期中第15题The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______are sold abroad.A. of whichB. which ofC. of themD. of that二、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）16、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第36~55题30分(每题1.5分)2017~2018学年1月四川成都双流区双流中学高二上学期月考第41~60题30分The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in theworld.1springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly inthe2areas like the desert. The control is possible even without possession of large areas of3land. In the early days of the American West, gun fights were not4for the water resources. And laws had tobe5to protect the water rights of the6and the use of the water resources accordingly.7is known to us all, there is not8water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes. Deciding on the9of water that will be used in any particular period10careful planning, so that people can manage and use water more11. Farmers have to change their use of or demand for water12the water supply forecast.The13water supply forecast is based more on the water fromthe14than from the below. Interest is15in the ways to increase rainfall by man﹣made methods, and to get water from the winter snow onmountain16. With special equipment, some scientists are studying the ways in which the mountain snow can be17, and with the help of a repeater station, they send the18data （数据） to the base station. The operator at the base station can get the data at any time by19 a button. In the near future, the forecast and use of water20probably depend on the advance in the knowledge of snow on mountains, not of water underground.A. UsingB. HoldingC. OwningD. FindingA. dryB. distantC. desertedD. wildA. fineB. beautifulC. richD. farmingA. unfavorableB. unacceptableC. unpopularD. uncommonA. madeB. designedC. signedD. writtenA. winnersB. settlersC. fightersD. supportersA. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. AsA. plentifulB. enoughC. anyD. muchA. typeB. qualityC. amountD. levelA. requestsB. requiresC. meansD. suggestsA. effectivelyB. easilyC. convenientlyD. activelyA. leading toB. due toC. owing toD. according toA. correctB. furtherC. averageD. earlyA. cloudsB. skyC. airD. aboveA. raisingB. risingC. buildingD. lastingA. rocksB. tipsC. topsD. treesA. taken care ofB. made use ofC. piled upD. saved upA. pickedB. producedC. usedD. gatheredA. touchingB. knockingC. pressingD. turningA. mightB. canC. willD. should三、阅读理解（每小题2分，共40分）17、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷(A篇)第56~59题8分(每题2分)2018~2019学年4月贵州贵阳云岩区贵阳市第六中学高二下学期月考第29~32题8分(每题2分) Parents often believe that they have a good relationship with their teenagers But last summer, Joanna and Henry noticed a change in their older son: suddenly he seemed to be talking far more to his friends than to his parents. "The door to his room is always shut." Joanna noted.Tina and Mark noticed similar changes in their 14-year old daughter She used to cuddle up（蜷伏）with me on the sofa and talk, said Mark. "Now we joke that she does this only when she wants something. Sometimes she wants to be treated like a little girl and sometimes like a young lady. The problem is figuring out which time is which."Before age 11, children like to tell their parents what's on their minds. "In fact, parents are first on the list." said Michael Riera, author of Uncommon Sense for Parents with Teenagers. "This completely changes during the ten years." Riera explained. "They talk to their friends first, then maybe their teachers, and their parents last."Parents who know what's going on in their teenagers' lives are in the best position to help them. To break down the wall of silence, parents should create chances to under-stand what their children want to say, and try to find ways to talk and write to them. And they must give their children a mental break, forchildren also need freedom, though young. Another thing parents should remember is that to be a friend, not a manager, with their children is a better way to know them.(1) "The door to his room is always shut" suggests that the son.A. is always busy with his studiesB. doesn't want to be disturbedC. keeps himself away from his parentsD. begins to dislike his parents(2) What troubles Tina and Mark most is that.A. their daughter isn't as lovely as beforeB. they can't read their daughter's mind exactlyC. they don't know what to say to their daughterD. their daughter talks with them only when she needs help(3) Which of the following best explains "the wall of silence" in the last paragraph?A. Teenagers talk a lot with their friends.B. Teenagers do not want to understand their parents.C. Teenagers do not talk much with their parents.D. Teenagers talk little about their own lives.(4) What can be learned from the passage?A. Parents are unhappy with their growing children.B. Parents have suitable ways to talk with their teenagers.C. Parents should be patient with their silent teenagers.D. Parents should try to understand their teenagers.18、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷（B篇）第60~63题8分(每题2分)2018~2019学年3月湖南长沙雨花区雅礼中学高一下学期月考第24~27题8分(每题2分) There are thousands of products of all colors and shapes in a supermarket, making you believe that they are worth a try. How? Packaging （包装） is the silent but persuading salesman.There on the shelves, each bottle, can, box, and jar has been carefully designed and measured to speak to the inner self of the consumer （消费者）, so that is buying not only a product but also his belief in life. Scientists have studied consumer behavior recently and found that the look of the package has a great effect on the "quality" of the product and on how well it sells, because "Consumers generally cannot tell between a product and its package. Many products are packages and many packages are products, " as Louis Cheskin, the first social scientist studying consumers' feeling for packaging, noticed.Colors are one of the best tools in packaging. Studies of eye movement have shown that colors draw human attention quickly. Take V8 for example. For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body. And the word "green" today can keep food prices going up.Shapes are another attraction. Circles often suggest happiness and peacefulness, because these shapes are pleasing to both the eye and the heart. That's why the round yellow M signs of McDonald's are inviting to both young and old.This new consumer response （反应） to the colors and shapes of packages reminds producers and sellers that people buy to satisfy both body and soul.(1) According to the passage,seems to be able to persuade a consumer to buy the product.A. the pleasing color of the packageB. the special taste of the productC. the strange shape of the packageD. the belief in the product(2) If a package or a product is round in shape, it can.A. bring excitement to the consumersB. attract the consumers' attentionC. catch the eye movement of the consumersD. produce a happy and peaceful feeling(3) "And the word 'green' today can keep food prices going up." this sentence suggests that consumers today are.A. starting to notice the importance of new foodB. enjoying the beauty of nature more than beforeC. beginning to like green vegetablesD. paying more attention to their health(4) It can be inferred from the passage that V8 is a kind of.A. vegetable dishB. healthy juiceC. iced drinkD. red vegetable19、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷(C篇)第64~67题8分(每题2分)International Studies（BA）Key features● Recognizes theglobal community（国际社会）●Has close connections with practical research●Much of the teaching is done in small discussion groupsAbout the courseThe course gives you chances to know great power politics between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.The course puts theories into the working of the international system with close attention to particular countries. You will also have a better knowledge of methods of solving the international problems. Relatedcourses（相关的）coursesBA（Hons）Community ManagementBA（Hons）Public Policy and ManagementEmployment possibilitiesInternational organizationsInternational businessEarth Science（BSc）Key features●Based on key courses and the latest research findings●Pays much attention to practical skills●Offers chances for fieldwork（实地考察）About the courseThe demand for natural resources is becoming an increasingly serious problem for the future of mankind. Graduates in Earth Science will play an important role in meeting this demand, and in knowing the meaning of using the natural resources.The course covers geography and geology. You will carry out fieldwork in the UK and possibly overseas, and a re-search in an area of interest to you in the final year.Related coursesBSc（Hons）GeographyBSc（Hons）GeologyEmployment possibilitiesMineral, oil, water or other related engineering industries(1) International Studies is a course in.A. international politicsB. international businesC. international systemsD. international bodies(2) After taking the course of International Studies, the students will.A. become practical and open-mindedB. have a greater ability to discuss theoriesC. know how to settle international problemsD. have good jobs in any international organizations(3) Earth Science, as described in the second text,.A. is attractive because of the chances for fieldworkB. pays more attention to practical skills than theoriesC. is built on important courses and the results of recent studiesD. encourages students to play a role in using natural resources(4) It can be inferred that the above two texts are written for the students who.A. enjoy research workB. plan to choose coursesC. study in the UKD. are interested in overseas fieldwork20、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷(D篇)第68~71题8分(每题2分)If you walk slowly through downtown Helsinki（赫尔辛基）during the day, taking in the splendid 19th century buildings white boats and noise of passin g trams（有轨电车）, you will start to understand why it is called a city of two colors: white and blue.The sea is always present in Helsinki. When you take a walk over the great open space of the central square, you will hear seabirds screaming. When you take the tram, suddenly and unexpectedly, you are faced with a calm, shining blue sea. You may notice that people in Helsinki do not rush about as in other cities. Instead, they walk along the roads, politely letting other people by.A usual way to see Helsinki for the first time is to start out by the boats. You will walk by the elderly women selling fish and vegetables in the market square and find yourself in front of a beautiful park. You may enjoy a pleasant walk in the park for a few hours and then take the tram. Trams are the perfect way to get around in Helsinki. Watching the old houses, parks, theatres churches, shops, restaurants and people in the streets, you may have a slightly sad film feeling to it.The pale summer nights are another wonder in the city. Following the water front of the city after sunset, you couldn't help stopping and listening to the sweet silence, interrupted only by the screaming seabirds and leaving fishing boats.However, in some way, Helsinki is also the most modern city in northern Europe. You will surely want to visit the White Glass Palace, the modern art museum, and all those extremely popular cafes and design stores.(1) Helsinki is called a city of two colors mainly because of the colors of its.A. 19th century buildings, boats and parksB. 19th century buildings, boats and seabirdsC. old houses, parks and tramsD. old buildings, boats and the sea(2) The best way to see most of Helsinki is to go.A. by boatB. by busC. by tramD. on foot(3) The 19th century buildings, the White Glass Palace, popular cafes and design shops in Helsin ki all show that Helsin ki is.A. both splendid and traditionalB. both quiet and noisyC. both historical and modernD. both old and new(4) This passage is most likely to be found in.A. a story-bookB. a geography textbookC. a research reportD. a travel magazine21、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷（E篇）第72~75题8分(每题2分)2020~2021学年3月陕西西安莲湖区西安远东教育集团第一中学高一下学期月考（B篇）第24~27题8分(每题2分)2018~2019学年北京海淀区首都师范大学附属中学高二上学期期中（C篇）第59~62题8分2019~2020学年3月湖北黄冈黄州区湖北省黄冈中学高一下学期月考第24~27题10分Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish chooses to live in water. To be human is to think. But thinking may come naturally without your knowing how you do it. Thinking about thinking is the key to critical thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes. Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others. Indeed, critical thinking is at the heart of education.The word "critical" here has a special meaning. It does not mean taking one view against another view, as when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of critical thinking isthinking beyond the easily seen---beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty reasoning.Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are curious about life and desire to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker. If you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters, and facts, you are a critical thinker.Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning are processes of deep and careful consideration. They take time, and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today's world: fast foods, instant coffee, and self-developing film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure of intelligence, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banesh Hoffman, a scientist, was to discuss his work with Albert Einstein. Hoffman was too nervous to speak. But Einstein immediately put Hoffman at ease by saying, "Please go slowly. I don't understand things quickly."(1) Critical thinking is important to us because if we do not think critically,.A. it will be hard for us to think naturally and fastB. we might be controlled by other people's ideasC. we will follow the ideas of others naturallyD. we might be fooled by other people's ideas(2) If you are a critical thinker, you will.A. think deeply about different ideasB. trust the reports in the newspapersC. take one view against another viewD. criticize other people for their mistakes(3) In the last paragraph, "something new" suggests that.A. the smarter you are, the faster you do thingsB. the faster you do things, the smarter you becomeC. speed can improve intelligenceD. intelligence is not decided by speed(4) What would be the best title for the passage?A. Thinking and Critical Thinking.B. Understanding Critical Thinking.C. Thinking Is Natural and Human.D. Thinking Fast Means Intelligence.四、短文填空（每小题1分，共10分）22、【来源】 2004年高考真题辽宁卷第76~85题10分(每题1分)此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。

2004年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（江苏卷）National Matriculation English Test（NMET 2004）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

共150分。

考试时间120分钟。

第一卷(选择题共115分)第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时闯将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有l0秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A．￡19.15. B．￡9.15. C．￡9.18.答案是B。

1．What do we learn about the man?A．He slept well on the plane．B．He had a long trip．C．He had a meeting．2．Why will the woman stay home in the evening?A．To wait for a call．B．To watch a ball game on TV．C．To have dinner with a friend．3．What gift will the woman probably get for Mary?A．A school bag． B．A record．C．A theatre ticket．4．What does the man mainly do in his spare time?A．Learn a language. B．Do some sports. C．Play the piano．5．What did the woman like doing when she was young?A．Riding a bicycle with friends．B．Traveling the country．C．Reading alone．第二节(共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分)听下面5段对话。

2004年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（全国卷）第一卷（三部分，共 115分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15.B. 9.15.C. 9.18.答案是B。

1. What do we learn about the man?A. He slept well on the plane.B. He had a long trip.C. He had a meeting.2. Why will the woman stay home in the evening?A. To wait for a call.B. To watch a ball game on TV.C. To have dinner with a friend.3. What gift will the woman probably get for Mary?A. A school bag.B. A record.C. A theatre ticket.4. What does the man mainly do in his spare time?A. Learn a language.B. Do some sports.C. Play the piano.5. What did the woman like doing when she was young?A. Riding a bicycle with friends.B. Travelling the country.C. Reading alone.第二节（共15小题海小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

2004 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）英语（2）本试卷包括听力、阅读与写作三部分，共10 页，满分为120 分。

考试用时120 分钟。

注意事项：l ．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号填写在答题卡上，用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）涂黑。

在答题卡右上角的“试室号”栏填写本科目试室号，在“座位号列表”内填写座位号，并用2B 铅笔将相应的信息点涂黑。

2 •选择题（第I —12题和第26 - 50题）每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；不能答在试卷上。

3 .非选择题（第13—25题和写作部分）必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4•考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

SECTION I LISTENING （60 points ）Part A Listening Comprehension （12 items, 2 points for each item）Directions In this part of the test, you wiII hear four conversations andtaIks. After each conversation or taIks, you wiII hear severaI questions. After you hear a question, read the four possibIe answers and choose the best one. Then bIacken the Ietter corresponding to your answer on the Answer Sheet. You have 25 seconds for each question. The conversations, taIks and questions wiII be read onIy once.Questions 1 through 3 are based on the foIIowing conversation.1. A .PeopIe ' s sport. B. Dogs and insects.C. Use of animaIs for sportsD. Fights between peopIe and animaIs.2. A. Cruel. B. Funny. C. Healthy. D. Interesting.3. A. Fun. B. Sport. C. Show. D. Money.Questions 4 through 6 are based on the following conversation.4. A. Manager and customer. B. Director and secretary.C. Managers.D. Friends.5. A. In the car. B. In the plane. C. In the office. D. In the company.6. A. A visitor. B. An assistant. C. Training Manager. D. Production Manager. Questions 7 through 9 are based on the following talk.7. A. His new job. B. His future life.C. His car racing.D. His good luck.8. A. Money. B. Marriage. C. Independence. D. Good relationship.9. A. He is writing a book. B. He is now still living alone.C. He is a famous racing driver.D. He is working in a restaurant.Questions 10 through 12 are based on the following talk.10. A. His daily meals. B. His cooking art.C. His eating habit.D. His favorite food.11. A. Because his wife is Chinese.B. Because Chinese food is not expensive.C. Because he does n't tike other sorts of food.D. Because he is not good at cook ing In dia n food.(10 items, 2po ints for each item )Directions In this part of the test, you will hear one or two conversations.The con versati on will be read twice. After you hear each con versati on, you arerequired to fill in the nu mbered bla nks with the in formati on you have heard. Write your an swer on the An swer Sheet.Blanks 13 through 22 are based on the following conversation.Part C Dictation ( 3 items, 16 points )Directions In this part of the test, you are required to write out the missingparts of the passage. You'll hear the passage read three times. The first readi ng is for you to un dersta nd the meaning. In the sec ond readi ng, there will be a pause after the sentence to be dictated. One minute is given for you to write down each sentence.The third reading is for you tocheck your work. Write your answer on theAn swer Sheet. The new idea of "turning waste into treasure" is taking shape at the BritishResearch Cen ter, not far n orth in London. With in 15 years Brita in and other n ati onsshould think it important and practical to carry out their recycling plans in a bigway. ( 23 ) _______________________________________________________ .12. A. Fish.B. Fruit.C. Chicke n.D. Cabbage.Part B Liste ning for In formatio n(24) ______________________________________________________ .(25) ______________________________________________________ .SECTION n READING40 points)Part A Reading Comprehension (15 items, 2 points for each item)Directions In this part of the test, you will read three passages. For each passage there are five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you've just read. Blacken the letter corresponding to your answer on the Answer Sheet.Text AEight hours' sleep is traditionally regarded as healthy —though manyof us need less, and some more. What matters is how you feel, and what you do with the other sixteen hours of the day.We are all built slightly differently, so there is no reason why our sleep requirements should be the same. If, for example, you are the sort of person who goes running around getting exhausted, then you are going to need more rest, but not necessarily more sleep.Similarly, if you sleep "badly", wake tense, and worry throughout the day —and there's nothing more tiring than tension —then further long hours lying awake won't help.Drugged sleep is not the long-term answer either. Sleeping pills merely slow your body down. Usually they let you drop off, though if you take them for more than six weeks, then the actual chemical effect disappears. The only real solution is "turning off" the internal machinery. Work at creating your own relaxing routine, get hold of the things that annoy you most and try to identify them.What is sleep all about? The simplest way to find out what sleep is for is to do without it for a while and see what happens. The brain starts going gently crazy if deprived of sleep for two or three days. It simply stops working in a sensible fashion.Whydoes sleep sometimes not comewhen it should? Imagine, the days whenour ancestors lived inthe jungle. Those who fell asleep too easily risked being eaten up. It certainly paid to keep half-awake, ready for action if danger arrived. The trouble is we are still doing it even though there is no longer any danger. We react as if there are threats to our existence, when all we want to do is fall asleep.Anger and other signs of stress clearly interfere with calm sleep, just as they do with calm waking. Before trying to sleep, it is always better to get your angry feelings out into the open, rather than push them to the back of your mind. As you fall asleep, the mind is less lively and allows those feelings to come back again, where they dance around and keep you awake.I recommend trying to get more control of reality. Then your dreams will be sweeter and your sleep more refreshing.26. The time our sleep takes depends on our _____ .A. working hoursB. health conditionsC. living surroundingsD. feelings and daily activities27. The best way to get rid of tiredness after exercise is ___ .A. to rest moreB. to stop runningC. to change our life slightlyD. to sleep further long hours28. According to the text, how can we understand why we sleep?A. By trying drugged sleep.B. By lying awake in bed for long hours.C. By living without sleep for a few days.D. By stopping working in a sensible fashion.29. Sometimes sleep doesn't come when it should, because we _______A. feel there may be dangers if we fall asleepB. are afraid our brain will go crazyC. worry too much about our sleepD. are threatened by being eaten up in the jungle30. According to the writer, if you want to have a good sleep when you are in anger,A. you need calm waking firstB. you'd better tell others your feelingsC. you must keep your mind less livelyD. you should bury your feeli ngs deep in mindText BHow Pare nts Can HelpUnfortunately, learning does not simply happen. As a mother and ex-teacher, I believethat good education involves not only the pupil and the teacher but also the parents. What, the n, is the pare nts' role?The atmosphere at home is bound to in flue nee a child's attitude toward schoolwork. Parents should be positive and notice what their children do well, rewarding success with praise andoccasi onal treats. Un der no circumsta nces should childre n be madeto look foolish for their efforts. Tell a child ofte n eno ugh that he is lazy or stupid and he is likely to become an adult without self-respect. Liste ning is also vital. ______________________________ Children need to be taken seriously, no matter how unimportant their ideas may appear. It lets them know that their opinions and feeli ngs matter. We must be observa nt:able to detect physical sig ns of un happ in ess. A child who keeps on compla ining ofheadaches or sickness may well be crying out for help. He may not be up to the work demanded of him. On the other hand, it could be an indication of boredom. Onno account should a child feel unable to approach his parents. The lines of communication must be kept ope n.At the same time, we can help our childre n to become more in depe ndent, andconsequently better learners, by giving them a few regular domestic chores that theycan carry out successfully. In their free time, active rather than passive pleasures should be encouraged. In other words, reading is preferable to watching television. Above all, we must set an example. Childre n, in the end, will do as we do, not as we say. If we take an in terest in hobbies, so will our childre n. As they grow older, homework must be their responsibility. We can be of most use not by doing it for them (even if we are able to) but by discussing the problem and helping them to approach it in the correct way. In addition, we must insure that the necessary space and equipment are provided. Teenagers need a quiet, well-lit area in which to study, with access to dictionaries and reference books. At this difficult age, although they may not show it, they also need to know that we care.31. According to the text, parents should ____ .A. not criticize their childrenB. be very strict with their childrenC. give more encouragement to their childrenD. influence their children's attitude toward schools32. The underlined part "Listening is also vital" (in Para. 2) means that it is also important .A. for children to listen to their parents' adviceB. for parents to take their children's ideas seriouslyC. for parents to notice what their children do wellD. for children to know their parents' opinions and feelings33. Sometimes, a child may complain of headaches in order to ___ .A. go to see the doctorB. make his parents boredC. refuse to offer help to his parentsD. get more attention from his parents34. According to the text, which of the following is the most important for better learners?A. More hobbies in their free time.B. Development of independence.C. Better communication between them and teachers.D. Good balance between active and passive pleasures.35. It can be concluded from the text that ___ .A. better environment helps teenagers in their schoolworkB. both active and passive pleasures are of most use to childrenC. there should be more communication between parents and teachersD. parents play a more important role than teachers in their children's educationText CImmigrants （移民） Suffer from Losing Their IdentityLanguage is a way to communicate with each other. Westarted to learn language when we were born. However, people are used to speaking their native language, so immigrants are having many problems between the first generation and the second generation because they don't have the same native language. Also, the second generation is losing their identity. Especially in America, there are manyimmigrants that came from different countries to succeed in the States. Because they suffer in lots of areas such as getting a job and trying to speak English, they want their children to speak English, not only at school, but also at home in order to be more successful. Because of this situation , their children .are losing their identity and, even more, they are ignoring their parents whose English is not very good.I think most immigrants are trying to preserve their native language in their newcountry, but this doesn't help very much in getting a good job. My aunt taught Korean to her children not to help them succeed in the U. S. ; she did so, hopefully, to help them establish a Korean identity. Though the second generation is born in the new country, they often get confused about their identity because they look different from others, and also, if they visit their parents' country, they will probably feel different from other people there too. My cousins told me that when they visitedKorea a few years ago, they felt different from other Koreans. They could even feel it just strolling around the street because they wore different clothes and walked differently.Wemust realize that language is important and valuable for many reasons. Immigrants should make an effort not to be ignored by their children and to make their children understand their background by teaching them the parents' language. This is very important, not only for the harmony of the family, but also in helping the secondgeneration establish their identity.36. According to the text, what is the problem of the first generation immigrants?A. They have lost their identity.B. Their children are losing their identity.C. Their children speak different languages.D. They cannot speak their native language.37. It can be inferred from the text that ____ .A. most of the immigrants can't understand EnglishB. most of the immigrants are not successful in careersC. to some degree, the parents are to blame for their kids', loss of identityD. the second generation immigrants can't understand their parents' language38. My aunt taught her children Korean ___ .A. so that they knew they were of Korean originB. so that they would be more successful in the U. S.C. because she didn't want them to speak EnglishD. because she wanted them to respect her39. The writer's cousins felt different in their parents' country because theyA. had never been there beforeB. behaved quite differentlyC. couldn't understand the languageD. had different facial appearance40. According to the text, the native language is important and valuable to immigrants in that .A. it gives them self-c on fide nee and better cha neeB. it makes the sec ond gen erati on love their motherla ndC. it helps the sec ond gen erati on to un dersta nd their pare ntsD. it strengthens the family ties and reminds them of their identityPart B Meaning Guess ing (5 items, 1 point for each item)Directio ns In this part of the test, there are five sentences take n from the abovethree passages. For each sentence there is an un derl ined word, which might beun familiar to you. You are required to choose its most appropriate Chin ese equivale ntfrom A, B, C and D. Blacken the letter corresponding to your answer on the AnswerSheet.41. Imagi ne the days whe n our an cestors lived in the jun gle. Those who fell asleep too easily risked being eate n up.A.长辈B.祖先C.先烈D.能干42. An ger and other sig ns of stress clearly interfere with calm sleep, just as they do with calm wak ing.A.伤害B.结束C.抑制D.干扰43. At the same time, we can help our childre n to become more in depe ndent, and consequently better learners, by giving them a few regular domestic chores that theycan carry out successfully.A. 因而B. 然而C. 同时D. 特别48. We meeting him first so that he can tell us a little more about the project. 44. I thi nk most immigra nts are tryi ng to preserve their native la nguage in their new coun try, but this does n't help very much in gett ing a good job.A.发展B.研究 C •保留 D •传授45. They could even feel it just strolli ng around the street because they worediffere nt clothes and walked differe ntly.A.漫步B.驾驶C.购物D.玩耍Part C Vocabulary in Con text (5 items, 1 point for each item)Directio ns In this part of the test, eight words have bee n selected from the abovethree passages to make up the followi ng WORD LIST. There are five in completesenten ces. You are required to choose from the WORD LIST one appropriate word thatcan fill in the blank, of each sentence. On the Answer Sheet, blacken the lettercorresp onding to your an swer. Each word can be used only once.WORD LISTrout ineB C D E F G Hto feel weak after that long ill ness.A BCDEFGHA B C D E F G HA. approachB. boundC. domesticD. harm onyE. ig noringF. recomme ndG. reward ingH.46. The childrenwere surprised by the change of _____ , wondering what to do first.47. You are49. It's best to ____ her directly. She is the person who has the final say.the shouting and laughing from the impatient listeners.50. He went on talking, completelySECTION 川WRITING (20 points)Directions In this part of the test, you are required to write an English composition of 200 ~ 300 words according to the following requirements. Write your compositionon the Answer Sheet.作文标题：自定写作要求：1．作文的主题必须围绕“父母在子女教育方面所起的作用”；2．按照作文的主题范围要求，从阅读文章 B 中选择一个表达原文作者观点的句子，作为你作文的主题句；首先简要概述原文作者对这一主题的论述，然后发表你自己的看法，或通过实际的例证表述你的看法。