英语修辞学2004 试卷[自己标了答案,部分翻书确
认过,并标了书页]
I. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word or phrase.(10%)
1. When we say "Jim look like his brother Billy" we are making an ordinary literal comparison but when we say "Jim and Billy are as like
as two peas" we are using a ___simile__
2. Metonymy is a very useful and effective rhetorical device, for
it compresses much into a single word or short noun phrase, e.g.
She sets a good table. (Meaning: She provides good __delicious dishes__.)
3.In the sentence "Clo thes are fit the man and the times, “Fit the man" is used in a literal sense, whereas "fit the times" is a figurative expression, meaning "to be___fashion___".
4. When the instructor says "This thesis leaves much to be desired", he expresses his dissatisfaction with quiet understatement, meaning:"the thesis is very __imperfect__."
5. The advertisement "Quality breeds success" can be regarded as a brilliant parody of the proverb "Familiarity breeds _contempt___."
6. Parody, Reverse, and Regression are all open figures of speech,
i.e. __they___ can be created when necessary. On the other hand, however,misuse or oversue should always be guarded against.
7."We must all hang together, or we shall hang separately" is a famouse pun by Benjamin Franklin, in which the word "hang" has double meanings.
8. Rhetoric originated in Speaking, Aristotle, in the 4th century BC, first defined rhetoiic as __art__ of persuasion, by means of argumentation. P1
9. Grammar maps out the possible; rhetoric narrows the possible down to the desirable and effective.
10. Apart from the huge number, the English words are characterized by their creativeness in formation and flexibility in meaning and usage, which cause difficulties iin word choice.
II. Determine whether the following statements are correct or not
by marking in each bracket with T of F (10%)
1. Creativity refers mainly to producing original ideas, which constitutes the essence of an essay. Original ideas cannot come off-hand; they are result of extensive and thoroughgoing studies and careful consideration. New forms may have a sense of creativity, too but they must sever the need of the expression of ideas. (T) Same as 05’test
2. Most students really do recognize the need to improve their writing skills. Their attitude is usually a kind of resigned willingness, for they must already know and agree with Samuel Johnson's words: "what
is written effort is in general read without pleasure." (F) P194
(“没有经过努力写出的文章,阅读起来一点也不会觉得愉快” - Samuel Johnson
“What is writte n without effort is in general read without pleasure.” - Samuel Johnson
3. The beginning, the body and the ending are the three organic parts of an essay. As the saying goes,” Well begun is half done", the first paragraph should be long enough ( P182 sho uld be “good”) to grab the reader's attention. Proper beginnings, no matter what its length is, can not only arouse the reader's interest in the subject but also tell the reader what the whole piece of writing will be about. (F)
4. The most significant assumption of the traditional view of figurative language is that such language is deviant and requires special cognitive processes to be understood. Whereas literal language can be understood via normal cognitive mechanisms, listeners must recognize the
deviant nature of a figurative uttera nce before determining its no literal meaning. (T) Same as 05’ test
5. Coherece is an essential virtue in expository writing, in which everything is tied together clearly and logically so as to help your reader to follow your ideas. These four points are necessary to achieve coherence: a) use some logical method of organization; b) structure your sentences in such a way that the sequence in which they are arranged links them to each other; c) use transitional devices to connect sentences and paragraphs; and d) never repeat a word or phrase (P163
repeat a key word or phrase) to remind your reader of the important points of your essay. (F)
6. In many cases, words may fail to communicate clearly for reasons other than that they are difficult or specialized. Sometimes we fail to use words accurately, select not the proper one but one somewhat like it. The trick in avoiding errors of this sort is not to submit a paper until you have checked every word whose meaning you have doubt about. (T) P147
7. The first quality of good writing is economy. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words,
a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short or that he avoid all details, but that every word tell. (T) P121
8. When a writer must summarize a large body of facts within a limited space, he has to write in a general way because the writer's primary concern is to survey briefly the available facts and explain
their significance. The important thing in such cases is to choose specific (general) expressions that accurately summarize the specific details examined, giving the reader some basic idea. (F) P113
9. Good writing does not belabor the obvious, does not use six
words where four will do. And no phoniness either -- we like the writer who is blunt, who comes right to the point and (rather than) talks on
and on most fluently like a witness at a Senate hearing. (F) P122
10. It would be strange if someone said to you, "I have used arithmetic to prove my opinion", or "I have faith that two plus two equals four." Equally strange would be the claim that someone is open-minded and fair but prejudiced. To be successful as a critical thinker and convincing writer, one must understand opinion, belief, faith, and prejudice. (T)
III. Multple Choices (10%)
1. This famous novel has _C__ in its wonderful description of the heroine. I mention this without fear of offending the author, for obviously no writer is ___. (C) P49
A. mistakes/infallible
B. the flaw/without blunders
C. a flaw/free from faults
D. some problems/never wrong
2. With the development of the modern printing industry in the 19th century, rhetoric came to be understood as ___. (A) P1
A. the ability to write or speak well usually in an ornate,showy manner
B. "the art of speaking with propriety, elegance, and force"
C. the choice of words and phrases, the seletion of sentence patterns, organizing paragraphs and whole pieces of writing in such a
way that ideas are expressed most clearly, most accurately and most appropiately so as to achieve the best results in communication
D. the three traditional aesthetic criteria -- "logos"."pathos", and "ethos" in practice today.
3.A good speaker varies his speed of delivery to match the significance of his oratory. Slow speed is appropriate for the important ideas, but the less weighty materical should be disposed of rather speedily. It is important that with variety of material there should be variety of ___. ( D)
A. volume
B. pitch
C.timbre
D. tempo
4.Which of the following should NOT be used to fill in the blank of the statement? (B)
The rhetorical question is a question ___B_.
A. to which no real answer is expected because only one obvious reply can be made -- and that reply will either support or restate the writer's point P75
B.that does not require the reader to answer but it used for
certain rhetorical purposes
C. which appears at the beginning of a paragraph marking the topic, and then transitional devices are employed to lead the reader to the answer P71
D. fairly common in persuasive writing and in argumentation because they offer a way to writers to emphasize the validity of their viewpoint P75
5.One of the following statements is NOT appropriate for filling
the blank.
As an attribute of language, vagueness is originated in people's understanding and interpretation of the objective world, which may be used ___. (B)
A.when words or expressions that have fuzzy boundaries find their way in one's speech or writing, e.g. adjectives like "strong" and "weak", adverbs like "fast" and "slow"
B. when vagues terms are employed to avoid emphasis
C. when one is suddenly at a loss about expressing something in an exact way
D. when one finds it unnecessary of unwise to be very accurate
IV. Rewrite each of the following statements as required. (20%)
1. Smith is an elected official and some elected officials are
bribe-takers.
Make a complete syllogism on the basis of the above statement"
Major premise: Some elected officials are bribe-takers.
Minor premise: Smith is an elected official.
Conclusion: Smith might be a bribe-taker.
2. My daugher is also old and she can't work as a maid any more.
Avoid using the terms "old: and "maid" (佣人maid/servant->domestic help/day help/live-in help;) with the help of Euphemism:
My daughter is also elderly and she can’t work as a domestic help any more.
3. A hundred and fifty years ago, even the educated young men and women could only make a living through knowledge in four professions including clergyman and teacher.
Turn the specific expressions into vagues ones:
A century ago, even the educated young people could only make a living through knowledge in a few professions. P150
4. On hearing that may close friend had kicked the bucket, I wrote
a letter to his family to express my sorrows and sympathies and promise to help their stupid son.
Change the vulgar terms "kick the bucker"(meaning: die) and the "stupid" into some polite ones: On hearing that may close friend had passed away, I wrote a letter to his family to express my sorrow and
sympathies and promise to help their mentally retarded/mental deficiency son.
5.The campaign was successful and costly, and the victory was sweet.
Make the statement more coherent and more economical:
The campaign was costly, but the victory was sweet.
6. There are more than half a million shareholders who have
invested in the project. It is they and the bank that expect to profit.
Rewrite the sentences without useing "THERE" and "IT" patterns:
More than half shareholders have invested in the project.They and
the bank expect to profit.
7. The tunnel, which was drilled for twenty-three miles, runs
through a bed of solid chalk under the English Channel.
Change the "WHICH" clause into a phrase"
The twenty-three miles tunnel runs through a bed of solid chalk
under the English Channel.
8. I enjoy listening to music, which makes me feel relaxed and brightens my mood.
Add a few more sentences in order to start an "exposition":
I find music more and more important in my daily life. In the morning, music helps brighten me up and at night, music makes me feel still energetic.
Once I was very much depressed as a result of my failure in the
mid-term test. I was wondering what to do. Then I turned to Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony and felt greatly encouraged. “I must take my destiny
into my own hands, to o,” I though.
9. The weather here was bad last weekend.
Make the statement more impressive with some details:
It was stormy/rainy last weekend
10. David has been called back to teach at the high school after ten year retirement due to a colleague's illness.
Change the position of the misplaced modifier so as to achieve accuracy:
Due to colleague’s illness, David has been called back to teach at the high s chool after ten year retirement.
V. Improve each of the following statements by making any changes necessary.(20%)
1. Many institutions of higher education recognize the need for youth at the threshold of maturity to confront the choices of life's endeavor and thus require students to select a field of concentration.
2. John is of the opinion that the romance and beauty of the river will return back one pollution of the water is got rid of altogether.
John thinks that the romance and beauty of the river will return once they get rid of the water pollution.
3. When a letter starts with "My dear Frank, awfully nice to get your note yesterday", it usually ends with "Yours respectfully"/"Respectfully yours"; and if a letter begins with "Dear Sir, it is an informal letter, and in consequence of this, the ending should be "My regards to your wife", of
"Yours affectionately".
When a letter begins with “My dear Frank, awfully nice to get you known”, it usually ends with “Cheerio for now!/Your friends with love”; as if a letter begins with “Dear Sir”, it is a formal letter, and in consequence of this, the ending should be “Yours Sincerely!”.
4. I got up early at the request of my mother in spite of the fact that it was a fine Monday morning. Mother told me that there was always traffic jam Monday morning. Our car was a bit old and could hardly run fast, so we need to buy a new one. Slow birds should fly ahead, as the saying goes.
I got up early Monday morning, Mom told me that there was always heavy traffic on Mondays, and as our car was a bit old and couldn’t run fast, we’d better start ear lier than usual.
5. At last the hard-working housewife was ready to watch her
favorite television program, and before fifteen minutes were up she was sould asleep in her chair and before she realized what the matter was
the 6:30 A.M. alarm was going off and it was time for her to start another day of hard work
At last the hard-working housewife was ready to watch her favorite television program, but within fifteen minutes/in a matter of 15 minutes she is sound asleep in her chair and before she realizes it the 6:30 A.M. alarm is going off. It is time to start another day.
VI. Answer the following questions. (30%)
1. Can you write three sentences about an old female to express favorable, unfavorable and neutral meanings repectively?
Favorable: She’s a dear old soul.
Unfavorable: She’s an old witch.
Neutral: She’s an old woman.
2. What are the following labels stand for?
fml--formal
Am E—American English
fig--figurative
esp.-- especially
tech— Technical
3. Explain how the following sentences is ambiguous?
Speaking English clearly is important.
It’s clear that speaking English is important.
It’s important to speak English clearly.
4. What do your think of the use of the phrase "open spaces" in the passage?
Across this country one sees deep holes in the ground where man has mined, oil rigs working day and night, and open spaces which were once circles of vegetation and cradles of trees.
In his passage, the connotative meanings of “open spaces” are inappropriate because the expression usually connotes desirable freedom and solitude while the context requires more negative overtones; therefore, expression like “barren ground”, “emptiness”, “deserts” and “wasteland” all suit the context.
5. What does propriety mean in rhetoric?
Propriety refers to the appropriate choice of words, sentence patterns and the appropriate arrangement of paragraphs and the whole piece of writing according to the needs of effective communication.
6. Can you equate "economy" with "clarity"? Why?
A writer’s style can be different and the length of a piece of writing can be varied, but the principle of economy is something every writer should follow, for wordiness doesn’t only undermine economy, but also affect clarity.
Practicing sentence economy doesn’t mean that you should strip your sentences down to the bare minimum, as you might in composing a telegram or writing a classified advertisement. The shortest words and simplest constructions are not always the most economical; for they may fail to convey your exact or complete meaning.
2004年英语专业四级考试全真试题 WRITING ［45 MIN.］ SECTION A COMPOSITION［35 MIN.］ Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other. So, some say that phones will kill letter writing. What is your opinion? Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: WILL PHONES KILL LETTER WRITING? You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your view is. In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks. SECTION B NOTE-WRITING ［10 MIN.］ Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation: Your friend, Jane, has failed in the final exam, and is feeling very unhappy about it. Write a note to comfort her and give her some encouragement. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Part ⅡDICTATION ［15 MIN.］ Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times: During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Part ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSION ［20 MIN.］ In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet. SECTION A STATEMENT In this section you will hear seven statements. At the end of each statement you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. 1.Where is Lily working now? A. In the police department. B. In a drama society. C. In a university. D. In a primary school. 2.Passengers must check in to board Flight 5125 by ____. A. 11:00 B. 11:20 C. 11:30 D.11:50 3.Which of the following statements is true? A. There is a strike across the country. B. Many trains have been cancelled. C. A few trains have been cancelled. D. There is a strike in the North Region.
湖南女子学院2014 年上学期期末考试 《教育管理学》课程考试（查）试卷（A） 出卷教师：邵汉清教研室主任（签字）：系部主任（签字）： 考试方式：开卷考试规定时间：120 分钟适用班级：12级学前教育（专） 试卷份数：40 一、名词解释（每小题4 分，共24 分） 1、教学管理 2、教育决策 3、教育价值观 4、教育管理现代化 5、教育计划 6、校本培训 二、简答题（每小题8分，共40分） 1、简述古典管理理论在教育管理领域的不足之处。 2、教育管理与企业管理有什么异同？ 3、简析教育管理体制中专家统治制的优缺点。 4、简述学校聘任制管理的基本原则。 5、简述课程管理的基本内容。 三、论述题（每小题12分，共24分） 1、教师出现职业倦怠的主要原因有哪些？ 2、如何理解“中小学校长负责制”的内涵？ 四、案例分析题（每小题12分，共12分） 以下是我国小学生守则的两个版本，请运用教育管理学知识予以判断分析，你认同那个版本？为什么？ 版本一 1、热爱祖国，热爱人民。 2、遵守法律法规，增强法律意识。遵守校规校纪，遵守社会公德。 3、热爱科学，努力学习，勤思好问，乐于探究，积极参加社会实践和有益的活动。 4、珍爱生命，注意安全，锻炼身体，讲究卫生。 5、自尊自爱，自信自强，生活习惯文明健康。 6、积极参加劳动，勤俭朴素，自己能做的事自己做。 7、孝敬父母，尊敬师长，礼貌待人。 8、热爱集体，团结同学，互相帮助，关心他人。 9、诚实守信，言行一致，知错就改，有责任心。
10、热爱大自然，爱护生活环境。 版本二 1、尊敬国旗，会唱国歌，升国旗肃立，敬礼规范。 2、尊敬师长，友爱同学，不欺弱小，礼貌用语。 3、遵守校规校纪，按时到校，有事先请假，不无故缺课。 4、勤奋学习，按时完成作业，认真做好预复习。 5、热爱科学，开动脑筋，敢于提问，乐于探究。 6、诚实守信，不说谎话，勇敢坚强，不怕困难。 7、珍爱生命，注意安全，坚持锻炼，讲究卫生，服装整洁。 8、关心集体利益，参加社会实践，热心公益，遵守公共秩序。 9、保护环境，节约用水，爱惜粮食，勤俭朴实。 10、热爱劳动，自己的事情自己做，家里的事情帮着做。 被否定的作文批改法 我是某市教育科学研究所的教研员，常下小学对学校进行常规检查。当翻开某班的习作练习本时，我发现前面的几篇作文，学生在老师批改后（主要是提出修改建议）又练习了一次，效果非常好。后面的几篇作文，不知什么原因，学生没有坚持下去。我正在惋惜，该班的语文老师解释道：“学校领导认为这样做有凑作文篇数的嫌疑，便规定不准这样来安排习作。”稍后我与该校分管教学的领导谈及此事，这位领导说：“个别老师对重写的作文只写了几个字的评语，但也要算一篇大作文。为了防止老师‘偷工减料’，便杜绝了此类做法。这样做没有别的意思，只是为了好管理。”据我事后了解，这所学校在教师工作量的考评中有明确规定，每学期要批改一定数量的学生习作。 请你结合教育管理学的有关理论来分析校方这一做法。
2017年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 现代管理学试卷 (课程代码00107) 本试卷共6页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。 3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号。使用O.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 第一部分选择题 一、单项选择题：本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分。在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。 1．【题干】提出了著名的管理七职能论，即管理职能包括计划、组织、人事、指挥、协调、报告和预算的美国学者是（）。 【选项】 A．法约尔 B．古立克 C．厄威克 D．德鲁克
【答案】B 【解析】古利克将法约尔有关管理过程的论点加以展开，提出了有名的管理七职能论。取其每种职能英文词的首字而称作POSDCoRB，即Planning(计划)、Organising(组织)、Staffing(人事)、Directing(指挥)、Coordinating(协调)、Reporting(报告)、Budgeting(预算)。 【考点】管理与管理学 2．【题干】与私人产品相比较，纯粹的公共产品的特点是（）。 【选项】 A．排他性、可分割性 B．非排他性、不可分割性 C．排他性、不可分割性 D．非排他性、可分割性 【答案】B 【解析】公共产品或准公共产品，它们具有不可分割性、非市场性、非排他性； 公共管理所提供的服务常常是“仅此一家，别无分号” 私人产品具有可分割性、排他性特点，可以用价值计算、价格衡量。 【考点】管理与管理学-管理概述 3．【题干】罗伯特·欧文对管理理论的贡献是首次提出了（）。 【选项】 A．关心人的哲学
北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统 一考试（A）
2004.4 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 Questions I to 5 are based on the following passage: A youngster’s social development has a profound effect on his academic progress. Kids who have trouble getting along with their classmates can end up behind academically as well and have a
higher chance of dropping out (退学). In the early grades especially, experts say, youngsters should be encouraged to work in groups rather than individually so that teachers can spot children who may be having problems making friends. “When children work on a project”, says Lillian Kate, an educational professor at the Illinois University, “they learn to work together, to disagree, to think, to take turns and lighten tensions. These skills can’t be learned through lecture. We all know people who have wonderful technical skills but don’t have any social skills. Relationships should be the first R”. At a certain age, children are also learning to judge themselves in relation to others. For most children, school marks the first time that
2004年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（辽宁卷） 数 学 第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共60分） 参考公式： 如果事件A 、B 互斥，那么 球的表面积公式 P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B) 24R S π= 如果事件A 、B 相互独立，那么 P(A·B)=P(A)·P(B) 其中R 表示球的半径球的体积公式 如果事件A 在一次试验中发生的概率是 P ，那么n 次独立重复试验中恰好发生k 33 4R V π= 次的概率k n k k n n P P C k P --=)1()( 其中R 表示球的半径 一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分. 在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有 一项是符合题目要求的. 1．若θθθ则角且,02sin ,0cos <>的终边所在象限是 A ．第一象限 B ．第二象限 C ．第三象限 D ．第四象限 2．对于10<+ ③a a a a 111+ +< ④a a a a 111+ +> 其中成立的是 A ．①与③ B ．①与④ C ．②与③ D ．②与④ 3．已知α、β是不同的两个平面，直线βα??b a 直线,，命题b a p 与:无公共点；命题 βα//:q . 则q p 是的 A ．充分而不必要的条件 B ．必要而不充分的条件 C ．充要条件 D ．既不充分也不必要的条件 4．设复数z 满足=+=+-|1|,11z i z z 则 A ．0 B ．1 C ．2 D ．2 5．甲、乙两人独立地解同一问题，甲解决这个问题的概率是p 1，乙解决这个问题的概率是
教育管理学试题库考试 一、名词解释 1、教育管理教育管理者运用一定的管理原理与方法，在特定的条件下，合理配置教育资源，引导组织教育人员完成教育任务，实现教育目标的一种活动。 2、教育管理体制是教育领域中关于机构的设置、隶属关系以及权限划分等方面的制度。 3、使教职员工和学生人性得到最完美的发展是现代教育管理的核心；为教职员工和学生的发展服务是教育管理的根本目的。 4、权变性原则教育管理活动必须根据不同的情况确定和采取不同的措施、方法，实行动态调节，使教育管理具有针对性和适应性。 教育决策是指教育部门的领导为实现教育目标，通过使用专家智囊，在运用科学方法充分分析的基础上，从若干预选方案中选择满意方案的过程。 5、教育评价是依据教育目标和教育理念，在系统收集资料的基础上，对教育过程及其结果进行价值判断的教育活动。 6、教育法规是有关教育方面的法令、条例、规则、规章等规范性文件的总称 7、教学管理是为了实现教学目标，根据教学规律和特点，运用现代科学管理原理和方法学校对教学工作的全面管理。 8、德育管理就是根据学校德育的目标和任务以及学校教育和学校管理的总体要求，提出学校德育管理目标，建立德育管理机构，建设德育工作队伍，制定德育管理制度，并通过德育实施过程的组织协调和对德育工作的质量评估来确保学校德育目标的实现和德育任务的完成。 9、办学理念是校长办学主题思想的概括，是指学校依据一定的主题教育思想，遵循教育方针，结合本校实际而形成的对自己学校的办学模式、育人目标、育人途径、育人方式系列办学治校育人的根本问题的指导思想。 10、教育领导就是教育领导者充分行使自己的权利和承担自己应付的责任，并为下属提供优质服务，从而促使下属组织及成员实现教育目标或教育任务的过程。 11、教育决策是指教育部门的领导为实现教育目标，通过使用专家智囊，在运用科学方法充分分析的基础上，从若干预选方案中选择满意方案的过程。 12、教育领导艺术是指建立在一定知识、经验基础上的非规范化的令人信服的领导技能。 13、校本培训是一种由学校自行策划、自行组织、自行实施、自行考核的教师培训模式，其核心是培训的自主化和个性化，即培训完全服务于本校的实际需要，培训内容和形式完全根据本校及本校教师的特点来编制设定，培训者基本上由本校的教师来担任。 二、单项选择 1、教育管理学产生于19世纪末，20世纪初。[标志：（美）佩恩《学校行政》1875年，（美）达顿、斯奈登《美国的教育行政》1908年] 2、《学记》：历史上最早的教育管理文献之一，全文仅1200余字，但其中蕴涵着丰富的教育管理思想。如主张从中央到地方按行政建制办学——“家有塾，党有庠，术有序，国有学”；教学活动安排多样化——“藏焉，修焉，息焉，游焉”，即有课堂授课也有自习和课外活动；对教师素质的要求——“记问之学，不足以为人师”，教学要“道而弗牵，强而弗抑，开而弗达”，“学然后知不足，教然后知困。知不足然后能自反也，知困然后能自强也。故曰：教学相长也。” 文教政策:“崇儒兴学、兼用佛道”； 教育管理体制:实行中央和地方分级管理（中央设立“国子监”专门负责管理教育事业，中央官学由国子监祭酒负责，地方官学由地方官长史领导）； 教学管理制度:已相当完善，从入学到毕业几乎都有制度化的规定。（如中央官学规定，14岁到19岁开始入学；每年举行旬考、岁考和毕业考；每年有旬假和长假等放假形式；对教师实
2018年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 现代管理学试卷 (课程代码00107) 本试卷共6页，满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草 稿纸。 2.第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码 涂黑。 3. 第二部分为非选择题更真题资料请咨询Q或微信28225803。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 第一部分选择题 一、单项选择题：本大题共25小题，每小题l分，共25分。在每小题列出的备选项中 只有一项是最符合题目要求的。请将其选出。 1．一般管理理论的代表人物是法国的 A．戴维斯 B．古德诺 C．马斯洛 D．法约尔 2．为提高劳动生产效率，泰勒建议在标准定额的基础上实行新的工资制度，即 A．岗位工资制 B．绩效工资制 C．工资加利润分享制 D．差别计件工资制 3．行为科学分为早期和后期两大阶段，其中早期行为科学又称 A．人际关系论 B．科层组织理论 C．需求层次论 D．一般管理理论 4．英国的空想社会主义者罗伯特·欧文对管理理论的贡献是首次提出了 A．成本领先战略 B．差异化战略 C．关心人的哲学 D．标准化原则 5．古典管理理论是管理科学的奠基性理论，它主要由 A．科学管理理论、双因素理论和人群关系理论构成 B．强化理论、科层组织理论和双因素理论构成 C．科学管理理论、一般管理理论和科层组织理论构成 D．强化理论、科层组织理论和人群关系理论构成 6．被称为“法家思想的集大成者”的中国古代思想家是 A．老子 B．墨子 C．孟子 D．韩非子 7．理性决策理论提出的决策准则是 A．随机决策准则 B．集团互动准则 C．最优决策准则 D．满意决策准则 8．方案前提分析法的特点是
2007年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 运筹学基础试题 课程代码：2375 一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.为使“调整”成本降低，当需求逐月作大幅度的随机起伏时，若采用指数平滑法进行预测，宜选用（） A.较大的α B.较小的α C.α=0 D.α=1 2.不属于 ．．．特尔斐法实施程序的是（） A.确定课题 B.召开专家座谈会 C.设计咨询表 D.采用统计分析方法 3.广义的企业决策过程应包括四个程序：(1)明确决策项目的目的；(2)在诸可行的方案中进行抉择；(3)寻求可行的方 案；(4)对选定的方案经过实施后的结果进行总结评价。这四个程序在决策过程中出现的先后顺序是（）A.(1)(2)(3)(4) B.(1)(3)(2)(4) C.(3)(2)(1)(4) D.(3)(4)(1)(2) 4.所谓确定条件下的决策，是指在这种条件下，只存在（） A.一种自然状态 B.两种自然状态 C.三种或三种以上自然状态 D.无穷多种自然状态 5.存货台套的运费应列入（） A.订货费用 B.保管费用 C.进厂价 D.其它支出 6.某二维线性规划问题的可行域如题6图阴影所示，则该问题的最优解（） A.必在正方形的某个顶点达到 B.必在正方形内部达到 C.必在正方形外部达到 D.必在AB边上达到 7.关于运输问题的说法中错误 ．．的是（） A.最优运输方案未必唯一 B.必有最优运输方案 C.运输方案的任何调整必会引起总运费的下降 D.修正分配法是一种比较简单的计算改进指数的方法 第 1 页共12 页
2004年4月自考中国新闻事业史试卷答案 中国新闻事业史试题课程代码：00653 一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1.邸报在不同朝代有不同名称，其中之一是( ) A.新闻 B.揭帖 C.牌报 D.进奏院状 2.小报产生并流行于( ) A.汉代 B.唐代 C.宋代 D.元代 3.《察世俗每月统记传》的创刊年份是( ) A.1813 B.1815 C.1817 D.1822 4.第一份在北京出版的近代报刊是( ) A.《依泾杂说》 B.《天下新闻》 C.《遐迩贯珍》 D.《中西闻见录》 5.《字林西报》的创刊地点是( ) A.香港 B.广州 C.上海 D.宁波 6.1874年，香港《循环日报》的创办人是( ) A.王韬 B.郑观应 C.容闳 D.郑贯公 7.《时务报》创刊于( ) A.1895 B.1896 C.1897 D.1898 8.《湘报》的主编是( ) A.梁启超 B.熊希龄 C.谭嗣同 D.唐才常 9.《苏报》于1896年在上海创刊，创办人是( ) A.胡璋 B.章太炎 C.陈范 D.章士钊 10.郑贯公等留日学生创办的第一个具有革命倾向的刊物是( ) A.《开智录》 B.《浙江潮》 C.《国民报》 D.《直说》 11.中国同盟会机关报《民报》的创刊地点是( ) A.日本横滨 B.美国旧金山 C.日本东京 D.香港 12.中国新闻通讯文体的开拓者是( ) A.徐彬彬 B.邵飘萍 C.黄远生 D.张季鸾 13.《新青年》的创办人是( ) A.陈独秀 B.李大钊 C.胡适 D.鲁迅 14.鲁迅在《新青年》上发表的第一篇白话小说是( ) A.《狂人日记》 B.《孔乙己》 C.《祝福》 D.《药》 15.中共中央第一个机关报是( ) A.《热血日报》 B.《政治周报》 C.《向导》 D.《前锋》 16.中国第一本新闻学专著是( ) A.《新闻学大意》 B.《实际应用新闻学》 C.《新闻学撮要》 D.《新闻材料采集法》 17.1922年5月正式成为团中央第一个机关报的是( ) A.《先驱》 B.《中国青年》 C.《少年先锋》 D.《青年周刊》 18.中国第一座官办的广播电台是( ) A.北京广播电台 B.上海广播电台 C.天津广播电台 D.哈尔滨广播电台 19.“红中社”的创建年份是( ) A.1930 B.1931 C.1932 D.1933 20.1934年在浙江海宁惨遭国民党特务暗杀的著名报人是( ) A.邵飘萍 B.黄远生 C.史量才 D.沈荩 21.抗战时期，国统区新闻事业最集中的地方是( ) A.桂林 B.重庆 C.贵阳 D.西安 22.1939年10月毛泽东撰写发刊词的党内刊物是( )
教育管理学试题库 一、名词解释 1、教育管理教育管理者运用一定的管理原理与方法，在特定的条件下，合理配置教育资源，引导组织教育人员完成教育任务，实现教育目标的一种活动。 2、教育管理体制是教育领域中关于机构的设置、隶属关系以及权限划分等方面的制度。 3、使教职员工和学生人性得到最完美的发展是现代教育管理的核心；为教职员工和学生的发展服务是教育管理的根本目的。 4、权变性原则教育管理活动必须根据不同的情况确定和采取不同的措施、方法，实行动态调节，使教育管理具有针对性和适应性。 教育决策是指教育部门的领导为实现教育目标，通过使用专家智囊，在运用科学方法充分分析的基础上，从若干预选方案中选择满意方案的过程。 5、教育评价是依据教育目标和教育理念，在系统收集资料的基础上，对教育过程及其结果进行价值判断的教育活动。 6、教育法规是有关教育方面的法令、条例、规则、规章等规范性文件的总称 7、教学管理是为了实现教学目标，根据教学规律和特点，运用现代科学管理原理和方法学校对教学工作的全面管理。 8、德育管理就是根据学校德育的目标和任务以及学校教育和学校管理的总体要求，提出学校德育管理目标，建立德育管理机构，建设德育工作队伍，制定德育管理制度，并通过德育实施过程的组织协调和对德育工作的质量评估来确保学校德育目标的实现和德育任务的完
成。 9、办学理念是校长办学主题思想的概括，是指学校依据一定的主题教育思想，遵循教育方针，结合本校实际而形成的对自己学校的办学模式、育人目标、育人途径、育人方式系列办学治校育人的根本问题的指导思想。 10、教育领导就是教育领导者充分行使自己的权利和承担自己应付的责任，并为下属提供优质服务，从而促使下属组织及成员实现教育目标或教育任务的过程。 11、教育决策是指教育部门的领导为实现教育目标，通过使用专家智囊，在运用科学方法充分分析的基础上，从若干预选方案中选择满意方案的过程。 12、教育领导艺术是指建立在一定知识、经验基础上的非规范化的令人信服的领导技能。 13、校本培训是一种由学校自行策划、自行组织、自行实施、自行考核的教师培训模式，其核心是培训的自主化和个性化，即培训完全服务于本校的实际需要，培训内容和形式完全根据本校及本校教师的特点来编制设定，培训者基本上由本校的教师来担任。 二、单项选择 1、教育管理学产生于19世纪末，20世纪初。[标志：（美）佩恩《学校行政》1875年，（美）达顿、斯奈登《美国的教育行政》1908年] 2、《学记》：历史上最早的教育管理文献之一，全文仅1200余字，但其中蕴涵着丰富的教育管理思想。如主张从中央到地方按行政
英语修辞学考试试题 i、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每题2分，共40分) choose the best answer from the choices given: 1. in the end ， he __________. [ ] a. got invited b. gets invited c. was invited d. was to be invited 2. he wore dark glasses to avoid __________. [ ] a. having been spotted b. to be spotted c. spotted d. being spotted 3. a new theory __________ before it can be put into practice. [ ] a. must be tested b. be tested c. can be tested d. to be tested 4. sooner than __________ for others， she started her own business. [ ] a. working b. worked c. to work d. work 5. i can‘t afford as __________ car as this one. [ ] a. expensive a b. an expensive c. a more expensive d. a most expensive, 6. do what i tell you -__________～ [ ] a. or else b. or so c. and that d. and do 7. this is the house __________ windows were broken. [ ] a. whose b. which c. its d. of which 8. a hot shower， a cup of milk， a bag of potato chips， and then a good sleep __________ the luxury that he needed after the examination. [ ] a. are b. was c. were d. is,
《检测技术》试题A答案 一：单项选择题（30分） 二：选择填空题（20分） 1、可以进行位移测量的传感器有电涡流传感器、超声波传感器、感应同步器； 2、可以完成温度测量的有热敏电阻、光纤传感器、热电偶； 3、半导体式传感器是气敏传感器、热敏电阻、CCD电荷耦合器、光电二极管； 4、光电传感器有光电晶体管、光电二极管、光电池、光电耦合器 5、用于压力测量的传感器压电传感器、霍尔元件、电容传感器； 6、利用物体反射进行检测的传感器电涡流传感器、超声波传感器； 7、可用于速度测量的传感器有测速发电机、超声波传感器、感应同步器； 三：计算题（30分） 1：（10分）用镍铬-镍硅势电偶测量某低温箱温度，把热电偶直接与电位差计相连接。在某时刻，从电位差计测得热电热为-0.60mv，此时电位差计所处的环境温度为25℃，试求该时刻温箱的温度是多少度？
解：t0=25℃ E(t,t0)=-0.60mv E(t,t0)=E(t,0)-E(t0,0) E(t,0)= E(t,t0)+ E(t0,0) 查表：E(t0,0)＝E(25,0)＝1.00mv E(t,0)= E(t,t0)+ E(t0,0)=-0.60+1.00=0.40mv 查表：t＝－10.4℃ 2：（10分）图示为热电阻桥式测温电路，测温范围为0℃～200℃，其中Rt=10(1+0.02t)kΩ为感温热电阻， 为常值电阻，R0=10kΩ，E为工作电压，M、N两点间的电位差为输出电压。问： (1)如果0℃时电路输出电压为零，常值电阻
取多少？ (2)采用上述常值电阻值，如果该测温电路的平均灵敏度达到 15mV/℃，其工作电压E应取多少？ 解：（1）在t＝0℃时，系统输出为0，说明系统此时处于平衡状态，那么由平衡电桥知： Rs=Rt=10(1+0.02t)=10欧姆（其中t＝0） （2）由题知道： U MN ＝E×（Rt－Rs）/4 系统灵敏度为15mv/℃，则说明系统温度每变化1℃，系统输出15mv。那么： E＝4 U MN /（Rt－Rs）＝4×15/(10(1+0.02*1)-10)=3000mv=3V 3、（10分）有一个敞口容器：ρ=1g/cm3，H=1000mm. 问差压范围是多少mmH 2 O？若差压变送器输出范围为20～100kgf/ cm2，那么液位为40%时的输出压力？实际作用于正压室的压力是多大？ 解：差压范围为H＝1000mmH 2 O 输出压力＝20＋（100－20）×40％＝52 kgf/ cm2 作用于正压室的实际压力＝P0＋1000×40％mmH 2 O 由于一个大气压为10.33mH 2 O,那么： 作用于正压室的实际压力＝10.33mH 2O＋1000×40％mmH 2 O＝10.73 mH 2 O
湖南女子学院2014年上学期期末考试 《教育管理学》课程考试（查）试卷（A） 出卷教师：邵汉清教研室主任（签字）:系部主任（签字）： 考试方式：开卷考试规定时间:120分钟适用班级：12级学前教育（专） 试卷份数：40 一、名词解释（每小题4分，共24分） 1、教学管理 2、教育决策 3、教育价值观 '■ I 4、教育管理现代化 5、教育计划 6、校本培训 二、简答题（每小题8分，共40分） 1、简述古典管理理论在教育管理领域的不足之处。 2、教育管理与企业管理有什么异同？ 3、简析教育管理体制中专家统治制的优缺点。 |i Z（! r A 4、简述学校聘任制管理的基本原则。 5、简述课程管理的基本内容。 三、论述题（每小题12分，共24分） 7 i 1、教师出现职业倦怠的主要原因有哪些？ 2、如何理解“中小学校长负责制”的内涵？ 12分，共12分） I 四、案例分析题（每小题 以下是我国小学生守则的两个版本，请运用教育管理学知识予以判断分析，你认同那个版本？为什 么？ 版本一 1、热爱祖国，热爱人民。 2、遵守法律法规，增强法律意识。遵守校规校纪，遵守社会公德。？？ 3、热爱科学，努力学习，勤思好问，乐于探究，积极参加社会实践和有益的活动。？？ 4、珍爱生命，注意安全，锻炼身体，讲究卫生。？？ 5、自尊自爱，自信自强，生活习惯文明健康。？？
6积极参加劳动，勤俭朴素，自己能做的事自己做。？？ 7、孝敬父母，尊敬师长，礼貌待人。？？ 8、热爱集体，团结同学，互相帮助，关心他人。？？ 9、诚实守信，言行一致，知错就改，有责任心。？？ 10、热爱大自然，爱护生活环境。？？ 版本二 1、尊敬国旗，会唱国歌，升国旗肃立，敬礼规范。 2、尊敬师长，友爱同学，不欺弱小，礼貌用语。 3、遵守校规校纪，按时到校，有事先请假，不无故缺课。 4、勤奋学习，按时完成作业，认真做好预复习。 5、热爱科学，开动脑筋，敢于提问，乐于探究。 6诚实守信，不说谎话，勇敢坚强，不怕困难。 7、珍爱生命，注意安全，坚持锻炼，讲究卫生，服装整洁。 8、关心集体利益，参加社会实践，热心公益，遵守公共秩序。 9、保护环境，节约用水，爱惜粮食，勤俭朴实。 10、热爱劳动，自己的事情自己做，家里的事情帮着做。 被否定的作文批改法 我是某市教育科学研究所的教研员，常下小学对学校进行常规检查。当翻开某班的习作练习本时，我发现前面的几篇作文，学生在老师批改后（主要是提出修改建议）又练习了一次，效果非常好。后面的几篇作文，不知什么原因，学生没有坚持下去。我正在惋惜，该班的语文老师解释道：“学校领导认为这样做有凑作文篇数的嫌疑，便规定不准这样来安排习作。”稍后我与该校分管教学的领导谈及此事，这位领导说：“个别老师对重写的作文只写了几个字的评语，但也要算一篇大作文。为了防止老师‘偷工减料’，便杜绝了此类做法。这样做没有别的意思，只是为了好管理。据我事后了解，这所学校在教师工作量的考评中有明确规定，每学期要批改一定数量的学生习作。 请你结合教育管理学的有关理论来分析校方这一做法。 湖南女子学院2014年上学期期末考试 《教育管理学》课程考试（查）试卷（B） 出卷教师：邵汉清教研室主任（签字）:系部主任（签字）：考试方式：开卷考试规定时间:120分钟适用班级：12级学前教育（专）试卷份数:40 一、名词解释（每小题4分，共24分）
Rhetorical options *1、What is rhetoric?( Definitions of rhetoric) the art or science of communication in words; this art or science practiced or taught as a formal discipline, esp. the doctrine formulated by Aristotle and taught throughout the Middle ages; overornate or ostentatious language. (Longman Modern English Dictionary) 2、What’s the purpose of rhetoric?（两种说法） ①The prevailing view about the purpose of rhetoric is to express oneself well and to communicate effectively in order to secure a desired result by employing rhetorical means efficiently. ②“to enlighten the understanding , to please the imagination, to move the passion ,or to influence the will.” “促进理解、引起想象、调动感情、或者说影响人们的意志” (18世纪苏格兰修辞学家George Campbell） *3、What is discussed in rhetoric?（contents of rhetorical） Rhetoric is composed of theoretical rhetoric and practical rhetoric. Theoretical rhetoric deals with the theoretical problem of rhetoric, while practical rhetoric helps us improve our ability to use the English language effectively. rhetoric covers all the elements of oral and written things, including structure, diction. Rhythm, tone, style, and anything related to the effective use of language. 4、The Highest Principles of Rhetoric the highest principle of rhetoric is to adapt to specific situation, that is, “adaptability”or “appropriateness”. Sentence（syntactic device） 1、What is sentence？ A sentence is a group of words which expresses a complete thought. Generally, an effective sentence must possess five essential qualities: correctness, clearness, unity, coherence and emphasis.(正确、清楚、统一、连贯、强调） 2、句子的组成 A sentence must contain a subject and a verb (although one may be implied). ①words ②correct grammar ③meaning
一、名字解释 1、结构性维度：描述组织的内部特征状态的参数。 2、关联性维度：反映整个组织特征状态的参数。 3、管理幅度：是指一个管理者直接领导的下级人数，即一个管理部门所控制的规模。 4、决策方式：决策者在决策制定过程中组合运用各种资源的方式。 5、决策树：将决策过程各个阶段之间的逻辑结构回程一张树形图，称之决策树。 6、管理方格图：是一张纵轴和横轴各9等分的方格图，纵轴表示企业领导者对人的关心程度，横轴表示企业领导者对业绩的关心程度。 7、网络计划方法：网络计划方法是把一个工程项目分解成若干作业（或称活动），然后根据作业的先后顺序、逻辑关系进行统筹安排，合理规划，分别轻重缓急，从而对项目整体进行控制和调节，更好地监控项目的进度，发现可能的瓶颈环节，以及必要时调度资源确保项目按计划进行。 8、前馈控制：是指通过观察情况、收集整理信息、掌握规律、预测趋势，正确预计未来可能出现的问题，提前采取措施，将可能发生的偏差消除在萌芽状态中，为避免在未来不同发展阶段可能出现的问题而事先采取的措施。 9、反馈控制：反馈控制就是通过信息测定实际与标准的误差，对实际进展采取措施加以调整的活动。 10、企业文化：企业文化，或称组织文化，是一个组织由其价值观、信念、仪式、符号、处事方式等组成的其特有的文化形象。 11、经济人假设：“经济人”假设把人的一切行为都看成是为了最大限度地满足自身的经济利益，工作就是为了获得报酬。 12、影响力：领导是一种影响力，是对人们施加影响的艺术或过程，从而使人们情愿地、真心地为实现组织或群体的目标而努力。 13、权力：（权利：在组织中，通过一定的程序赋予某个人的资源支配能力） 14、矩阵结构组织：在一个机构的机能式组织型态下，因某种特别任务需求，另外成立专案小组负责，此专案小组与原组织配合，在形态上有行列交叉之式，即为矩阵式组织。 15、网络结构组织：是一种“外部化”的组织结构，它只有很小的中心组织，并依靠其他组织以合同为基础进行制造、销售等等业务