2017年秋季课程外研版初二英语第14讲语法回顾—不定式和双宾语（120分钟）一、课程介绍
知识点
1.不定式
2.双宾语
教学重点
1. 不定式用法
2. 什么是双宾语
教学难点
1. 动名词和不定式的区别
2. 双宾语和宾语补足语的区别
二、要点回顾
Ⅰ.知识回顾
1、They (visit) the History Museum last week.
2、Zhang Hong (make) many friends since she came to Paris.
3、She (go) to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening.
4、Stay here, Jack. Don’t go out. It(rain) now.
5、Li Ping (write) a composition every week.
6、The scientist (give) us a talk yesterday.
7、My parents (live) in Beijing since 1949.
8、Look! The young worker (show) the students around the factory now.
9、They (build) a new bridge over the river next year.
10、The students (clean) their classroom tomorrow.
11、My father is very busy. He often (come) home late.
12、Our teacher (join) the party twenty years ago.
13、The boys (have) a basketball match now. Let’s(go) and_________(watch).
14、She (work) in this factory for ten years.
15、“What makes you (think) I’m a farmer?” the Frenchman asked.
16、It’s not easy (catch) fish with your hands only.
17、Have you finished (read) this book?
18、It (snow) hard now. You’d better (stay) at home.
19、It takes him half an hour (go) to work by bus.
20、Hurry up or we (be) late for class.
【答案】
1、visited
2、has made
3、will go
4、is raining
5、writes
6、gave
7、have lived
8、is showing 9、will build 10、will clean 11、comes 12、joined 13、are having, go, watch 14、has worked 15、think 16、to catch 17、reading 18、is snowing, stay 19、to go
20、will be
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.你长大了想当什么？我打算当个电脑程序员。
What _____ you ______ ______ _______ when you ______ _______?
I’m ______ to _______ a _______ _______.
2. 你哥哥长大了打算当什么？他打算当个专业的篮球运动员。
What _____ your brother_____ _________ ______ when he ______ _______?
He’s _____ to ______ a _______ _________ player.
3. 你打算怎么做？我打算学计算机学。
_____ are you ______ ________ ________ that?
I’m _____ _______ _______ computer _______.
4. 你哥哥打算怎么做？他打算每天练篮球。
_____ is your brother _____ _____ _____?
He’s _____ ______ _________ basketball every day.
5. 她打算下学期上一些表演课吗？是的。
______ she ______ _______ _________ some ______ lessons?
_________.
【答案】
1. are, going, to, be, grow, up, going, be, computer, programmer
2. is, going, to, be, grows, up, going, be, professional, basketball.
3. How, going, to, do, going, to, study, science
4. How, going, to, do, that, going, to, play
5. Is, going, to, take, acting, is
三、知识精要
语法知识列表
【语法点一】时态分类
【语法点二】will 和be going to 的区别
be going to 和will的区别：be going to既可指主观打算也可指客观迹象表明将要发生；will往往指没有经过计划，临时出现的意图，常伴有说话者的主观意思或将来必然要发生的事情。例如：
-What are you going to give our teacher for Teachers' Day?教师节你打算送我们老师什么?(主观打算)
-I’m not sure. Maybe I will buy her some flowers.我还没想好。也许我要送她一些花。(意愿决定)
It is going to snow.要下雨了。(根据客观迹象判断)
四、要点讲练
【要点1】不定式的用法
1）作主语To learn English well is not easy. 或It is not easy to learn English well.
2）作表语My wish is to become a teacher.
3）作宾语Most of us like to watch football matches.
4）作宾语补足语He told me to be here on time.
5）作定语I have nothing to say about that thing.
6）作状语He stopped to have a look.否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake.
【例题】
【2013广东广州】17. I always tell my students ______ on the road because it’s really dangerous.
A. not to play
B. to play not
C. not playing
D. not play
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。不定式做tell的宾语补足语，构成tell sb. to do sth.结构，对不定式进行否定在to前加not。即tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。
【答案】A
【即学即用】
【2013广东】41. —I didn’t hear you come in just now.
—That’s good. We tried _______ any noise, for you were sleeping.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. to make
D. making
【答案】B
【知识拓展】
一、省to 的动词不定式
1）使役动词let, have, make：2）感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。3）would rather，had better + do
二.动词的-ing形式：
1．动词的-ing形式用作动名词：
1）动名词作主语Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动
2）动名词作表语My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
3）动名词作宾语She can’t help crying at a sad movie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。
有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：, finish, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, can't help(禁不住), keep on, feel like, look forward to, enjoy , finish, be busy ,advise ,suggest等
2．动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：
-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice,
例如：1）There we found him watching TV. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。
2）I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。
【要点2】双宾语的用法
一、间接宾语和直接宾语位置可以互换,当间接宾语位于直接宾语之后时,其前必须使用介记号to .这类动词有：give ,pass ,hand ,lend ,return ,show ,bring ,take ,sell 等.如：
Show me the photo,please.= Show the photo to me,please.
如果直接宾语为代词it 或them ,则只能使用“及物动词+ 直接宾语+to+ 间接宾语”的形式.如：
That book is mine.Please hand it to me.
二、间接宾语和直接宾语位置可以互换,当间接宾语位于直接宾语之后时,其前面必须使用介词for .这类动词有：buy ,get ,make ,draw ,paint ,sing ,keep ,fix 等.如：
Can you buy me a pen?= Can you buy a pen for me?
如果直接宾语为代词,则只能使用“及物动词+ 直接宾语+for+ 间接宾语“的形式.如：
I like listening to popular songs.Can you sing one for me?
三、间接宾语和直接宾语位置不可互换,只能使用“及物动词+to+ 间接宾语”的形式.这类动词有：announce ,explain ,express ,report ,say ,talk ,shout ,mention 等.如：
He suggested to me that I (should) give up smoking.
He proved to the judge that he wasn’t in that day.
四、间接宾语和直接宾语位置不可互换,只能使用“及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”的形式.常见的这类动词有：answer ,envy ,forgive ,kiss ,refuse ,strike 等.如：
Forgive him his rudeness.
She kissed the child good-bye.
五、在直接宾语前带有介词with ,可利用介词for 或to 把间接宾语后面.这类动词有：supply ,provide ,furnish 等.如：
The water works supplies us with excellent water.= The water works supplies excellent water to (for) us.
【例题】
She announced __________ that she would go abroad.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/dc3886329.html,
B.to us
C.for us
D.herself
【解析】因为announce 接双宾语时必须在间接宾语前加to .如：应说announce some news to us ,而不能说announce us some news
【答案】B
【即学即用】
1. The artist said that he hoped______ drawing the picture soon.
A. his son to finish
B. to finish
C. finishing
D. his son will finish
【答案】B
【知识拓展】
如何区分双宾语和复合宾语
某些及物动词后面能跟双宾语（即：间接宾语＋直接宾语）或复合宾语（即：宾语＋宾语补足语）,这两种宾语的形式虽然
相似,但结构与意义却不同.那么如何区分双宾语和复合宾语呢?
（1）从动词上区分.
一些动词后面常跟双宾语,这类动词有give,show,bring,read,pass,lend,tell,leave,teach,write,buy,sing等.例如：
The teacher gives each of them an eraser．老师给他们每人一块橡皮
一些动词后面常跟复合宾语,这类动词有let,see,watch,hear,help,feel,keep,call,make,find,tell,ask,think,want等.例如：
We must keep the classroom clean．我们必须保持教室清洁.
He didn’t let me go．他不让我走.
They call the bird“Polly”．他们叫这鸟“波利”.
（2）从充当这两个成分的词的词性上来区分.
在双宾语中,能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词.而在复合宾语中,能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多,如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）.例如：
She showed us（pron．）a new TV set（n．）．（双宾语）
He gave Tom（n．）a piece of paper（n．）．（双宾语）
We call him Lao Li（n．）．（复合宾语）
Don’t keep the light on（adv．）．（复合宾语）
They must keep their hands behind their backs（介词短语）．（复合宾语）
I won’t let you try again（不定式短语）．（复合宾语）
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed（过去分词）．（复合宾语）
（3）从构成宾语的间接宾语和直接宾语之间与构成复合宾语的宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系上区分.
在双宾语中,两个宾语间的关系比较松散,有的句子去掉其中一个宾语,句子仍然成立.双宾语一般表示“为谁（forsb．）或给谁（to sb．）……”,即“及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”的结构可以改写为“及物动词＋直接宾语＋for sb．或to sb．”的结构.例如：
Please show me your new book．→Please show your new book to me．请给我看看你的新书.
She bought me some tomatoes．→She bought some tomatoes for me．她给我买了一些西红柿.
宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密,去掉其中一个成分,句子就不能成立或句意不完整.而且当名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主系表关系”；当不定式（短语）或分词（短语）作宾语补足语时,和宾语之间具有“主谓关系”.例如：
We made Tom monitor．（Tom is monitor．）
We will make our country more beautiful．（Our country will be more beautiful．）
※【链接中考】
①【2013山东济宁】— I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? —I haven’t decided where ________.
A. go
B. went
C. going
D. to go
② Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates _____dancing with her.
A. practice
B. practices
C. practicing
D. to practice
③【2013广东广州】I always tell my students ______ on the road because it’s really dangerous.
A.not to play
B. to play not
C. not playing
D. not play
【答案】
①D查“疑问词+不定式”结构。由句意“－我将去哈尔滨过暑假，你呢？－我还没有决定去哪里。”decide后可接宾语从句，也可接“疑问词+不定式”结构。故排除A、B和C项。
② D考查非谓语动词的用法，invite的用法是 invite sb. to do sth. 故选 to practice。
③A考查非谓语动词。不定式做tell的宾语补足语，构成tell sb. to do sth.结构，对不定式进行否定在to前加not。即tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。
五、双基达标
1. 单选
1. It’s wrong ________ not ________ her a letter.
A. of you; to write
B. for you; writing
C. of you; writing
D. for you; write
2. —I’m sorry, I ___ my exercise book at home.—Don’t forget ___ it to school tomorrow, please.
A. forget; to take
B. left; to bring
C. forget; to bring
D. left; to take
3. Before you go abroad, you need ________ about table manners in that country.
A. knew
B. known
C. to know
D. knowing
4. I need some paper ___.A. to write B. to write on C. to write in D. writing
5. —I have no pens ________. Could you please lend me one?—Sure. Here you are.
A. to write
B. to write down
C. to write with
D. to write in
6.—Do you think our football team will win the match? —Yes, we have better players. So I __ them to win.
A. hope
B. ask
C. help
D. expect
7. I am allowed ______ until 12:00 on the evening of the Spring Festival.
A. stay up
B. to stay up
C. staying up
D. to staying up
8. The “No Car Day” campaign（活动）asks Beijing drivers __their cars at home one day each month.
A. leave
B. leaving
C. to leave
D. to be left
9. —Do you like sports?
—Sure. I’m looking forward to _________ the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing on TV.
A. watch
B. watching
C. watch
D. watching
10. Good manners usually help people to ________ each other.
A. get on well with
B. get started
C. be friendly
D. get together
11. They prefer ____ TV to ________ newspapers.
A. watching; reading
B. watching; to read
C. to watch; read
D. to watch; reading
12. —Oh, terrible! I forgot ________ the window. It’s windy.
—Really? Let’s go back home quickly.
A. closing
B. to close
C. closed
D. close
13. —Shopping with me?—Sorry, I have a lot of clothes ________.
A. to wash
B. washed
C. wash
D. to be washed
14. On her way home Lucy saw a thief _________ in a shop. She stopped ________ 110 at once.
A. steal; call
B. to steal; call
C. stealing; to call
D. stealing; calling
15. There are some dangerous fishes in this river, and I toldJack ________ here.
A. not to swim
B. to not swim
C. swim not to
D. to swim not
【答案】
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. D 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A
2、完型填空
Nowadays school students hardly pay much attention to sports. Is it because they don’t have any __1__ in sports? It may not be the __2__. They often say they have other more important things to do. What are these important things? __3__ ! They have to _4__ much time on all kinds of them at school. So many of them almost __5__ bookworms. Even in the holidays, they also review or prepare their lessons. Such things have __6__ them from going in for sports.
Because of the pressure from their parents and teachers they have to work harder. As for the students themselves, they went to get good results _7__ they can have further education. so it is _8_ that they give all of their time to their studies instead of their school sports. In fact, education can not go without physics exercises, because a quick mind _ 9 _ along with a weak body. If you don’t have a strong body, you can hardly __10__ in anything, let alone a great success in your life.
( ) 1. A. interest B. feelings C. thoughts D. fun
( ) 2. A. idea B. fact C. wish D. research
( ) 3. A. Sports B. Housework C. Exams D. Homework
( ) 4. A. give B. pay C. have D. spend
( ) 5. A. got B. grow C. become D. made
( ) 6. A. prevented B. protected C. held D. invited
( ) 7. A. when B. as C. so that D. if
( ) 8. A. interesting B. necessary C. terrible D. important
( ) 9. A. can go B. hardly goes C. easily goes D. runs quickly
( )10. A. give B. fail C. hand D. Succeed
【答案】
1—5 A B C D C 6—10 A C B B D
六、单元自测
1.单选
1. ______ the seeds and they will grow.
A. Water
B. To water
C. Watering
D. Watered
2. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but ______ work for young people.
A. provide
B. to provide
C. providing
D. provided
3. He arrived at the office early, ______ a good example to the others.
A. set
B. to set
C. to be set
D. having set
4. Please make my excuse at tomorrow’s meeting —I’ve got too much work ______.
A. to do to come
B. doing coming
C. to do coming
D. to do coming
5. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _____
A. to find
B. to have found
C. to be found
D. being found
6. After describing the planned improvements, she went on ______ how much they would cost.
A.to explain
B. explaining
C. to be explaining
D. having explained
7. To test eggs, ______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.
A. put
B. putting
C. to put
D. to be putting
8. Please remember ______ the plants while I’m away.
A. watering
B. to be watering
C. to water
D. being watering
9. ______ wine, first you must press the grapes.
A. Making
B. To make
C. To be making
D. Make
10. I’ve never been so poor ______ able to afford a meal.
A.as to be not
B. not as to be
C. as not to be
D.as to not be
11. I do n’t know whether to stay in teaching or ____another job.
A. trying getting
B. to try to get
C. trying to get
D. try get
12. I’ll have to change my clothes before I go out —I don’t
want ______ like this.
A. to see
B. to be seeing
C. to be seen
D. being seen
13. In fact, she was the first woman ______to such a post.
A. to elect
B. to be electing
C. to have elected
D. to have been elected
14. I’d like ___over the Alps and looking down at the mountains.
A. flying
B. being flying
C. to be flying
D. be flying
15. I’m learning ______ a cake. Can you explain ______ one?
A. to make, to make
B. how to make, to make
C. to learn, how to make
D. making, making
16. Whom would you rather _____ with you, Jim or Jack?
A. have go
B. have to go
C. have gone
D. has to go
17. The husband advised ______to the south, but his wife advised him _____ up the idea.
A. moving, giving
B. to move, to give
C. moving, to give
D.to move, giving
18. “Would you like to come for a walk with me?” “I’d prefer ___, thank you.” A. not to B. to not C. not D. can’t
19. I would mend your radio, but I don’t know ______.
A. how
B. to
C. how to
D. to how
20. “I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time.” “What do you suppose ______ to him?”
A. was happening
B. to happen
C. has happened
D. had happened
【答案】
1—5 ABBAC
6—10 AACBC
11—15 BCDCC
16—20 ACACC
2.句子翻译
1. 她喜欢谈论这件事情。
2. 他希望不久能找到工作。
3. 他答应不把这事告诉任何人。
【答案】
1. She loves to talk about the matter.
2. He hopes to find a job soon.
3．He promised not to tell anyone about it.
3. 知识运用
1）完形填空
Today young people are taking a more active part in online activities. Although the Internet can be 1 for students to collect information and communicate with their friends, teachers and parents are becoming more and more 2 about the unhealthy web content(内容) . They think that setting up "Harm-free(无害的)Internet Bars" is an important step to protect 3 .
It was Sunday afternoon and there were not many 4 seats in the Feiyu Internet Bar. A few teenagers were found playing games. An employee(雇员)was walking around 5 the Internet users' online activities.
"My job is to find anyone who is looking at harmful websites and then ask them not to do so," he said. “This is 6 of the 'Harm-free Inte rnet Bars' project..” Feiyu, a famous Internet Bar in Beijing, is 7 the first nineteen to join the harm-free Internet bar club.
In order to help start a better 8 for teenagers' online activities, China's Communist Youth League has brought out the program 9 "Harm-free Internet Bars for Teens".
Teachers and parents welcome the "Harm-free Internet Bars", but what do many school students 10 them?
答案: 1-5 BADCB 6-10 ABCDC
4. 书面表达
卫生健康饮食:健康一直是人们关注的问题我校要举行以“关爱健康”为题的主题班会,请根据下表内容谈谈你的看法,写一篇80字左右的演讲槁。（1）保持健康的重要性（2）保持健康的方法（3）保持健康的结论(4) 你的看法?
范文：
How to keep healthy /fit?
Here is my advice about how to keep healthy/fit. As a middle school student. first you’d better do more exercis e such as playing ball games , running, swimming and jumping ropes(绳子). Then you should pay attention to your diet or meals. Don’t eat too much meat or suger, but more vegetables and fruit. Third you need enough sleep or rest. Next keep yourself happy.As people often say smiling makes younger. Last you mustn’t drink wine or smoke .They are bad for your health. That is my advice. I hope you are healthy and enjoy your life.
1、Smell的用法smell作系动词后面跟形容词作表语例子：The milk in the a bit sour.瓶里的牛奶闻起来有点酸 2、What引导感叹句句型：what[a/an]+形容词+名词/名词性短语+主语+谓语 3、you like....?Would like意为想要可以直接跟宾语Would you like....?意为：你想要.....吗？回答为yes.../no... 例子：Would you like some noodles? 4、Try的用法作名词意为：努力，尝试。常用短语have a try：试试看try还可以做动词意为：尝试，努力。常用结构：try doing sth(尽力去做某事）/try to do sth（尝试去做某事） 5、Hear from sb的用法意为：收到某人的来信相当于get/receive a letter form sb. 注意：hear from的宾语是人，而get与receive的宾语是事物 6、Can’t wait to do sth.的用法Can’t wait to do sth意为：迫不及待做某事列子：Summer holiday is coming.Children can’t wait to go back home. 暑假快到了，孩子们都迫不及待地回家了。 7、With 具有；带有(1)with作介词，意为：具有；带有列子：I dream of a big house with a nice garden 我梦想拥有一个带花园的大房子(2)with+宾语+宾语补足语表示方式或伴随情况。宾语补足语由形容词、分词或介词短语来充当。列子：He left the room with the door open 他没关门就离开了房间。 8、Spend的用法(1) spend time ／money on sth.在……上花费时间(金钱). 例子：I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时.(2) spend time ／money (in) doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事. 例子：They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间.(3)spend money for sth.花钱买…….(某物) 例子：His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了. 9、Be proud of..... 意为为...而感到骄傲无论什么情况都不用主格，因为是做介词of 的宾语，只能用宾格。如果主语和of后的词指代的是同一个人，就可以用反身代词，如：I'm proud of myself. You are proud of yourself. He is proud of himself. 如果主语和of 后的词指代的不是同一个人，不可用反身代词。如：I'm proud of you. You are proud of him. 感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel look smell sound taste。作为系动词这些词本身含有词义，但不能单独作为谓语，后面必须跟形容词构成表系结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等 10、What do/does sb.look like的用法What do/does sb.look like? 某人长什么样? 常用来形容外貌拓展：what is/are sb. Like?的用法what is/are sb. Like?意为某人怎么样？常用来形容性格 11、Close的用法close意为靠近；接近（1）close可作为副词列子：We sat close together.我们紧挨着坐在一起（2）close作形容词表示空间、时间上的接近相当于never。句型；be close to 意为：离....很近（3）close可作为动词意为：关闭反义词：open 12、While的用法while意为：当....的时候(1)while作连词引导时间状语从句，强调句中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生，但持续时间较长或主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生。(2)while还可以用来表示对比，连接两个并列句子，对比某两件事物。 13、When的用法when引导的时间状语从句when意为：当(在)......的时候既可以连接一个时间点，又可以连接一个时间段。When引导的从句中的谓语多用终止性(瞬间)动词，主从句的动作可以同时发生也可以有先后顺序发生。列子：When I got back, I found my mother cooking for me. 当我回家时，我发现妈妈正在为我做饭。
初二年级下学期语法总结 一．一般将来时 表示一般将来时在八年级中我们已经学习了以下几种表现形式：1．用现在进行时表将来时（表示按计划安排要发生的事件。）What are you doing this weekend? I’m playing soccer with Jim. Are you visiting the aquarium tomorrow? Yes, we are. 2．用be going to do表将来时（表示明确的打算或用来表示必然，很可能发生的事或自然现象。） It is going to rain this afternoon. We’re going to have a new subject this year. 3．用will do表示将来时（表示单纯的将来概念或表示“意愿”。） I will see you tomorrow. Will you please open the door? 二．交际用语——寻求/提出建议 Ask for advice 寻求建议 （1）What shall I do? （2）Can you help me?/Can you give me a hand? （3）What should he do? （4）Could you give me some advice?(a piece of advice, some pieces of advice)
Give suggestions 提出建议 （1）You should say you are sorry. （2）You could write him a letter. （3）They shouldn’t argue. （4）Maybe you should call him up. （5）I think Evin should tell her friend to get different clothes. （6）Why don’t you tell him the truth? （7）Why not borrow one? （8）Let’s go shopping. （9）Shall we play soccer? （10）How about /What about seeing a movie? （11）You’d better not go out now. （12）It’s best to wear warm clothes. 三、语法点拨—过去进行时的用法 1．过去进行时的构成：动词be的过去式was /were＋动词的现在分词构成。 （1）过去进行时的否定式是在动词be后加not构成。例如：He wasn’t watching TV when his mother came back. 妈妈回来的时候他没在看电视。 We weren’t playing basketball when he arrived. 他到的时候我们没有打篮球。
外研版英语八年级下册知识点总结 Module 1 Feelings and impressions Unit 1 1. What a delicious smell? Smell:一股气味（可数名词） _____ good advice! It’s so helpful to us. (what / How) _____ interesting the story is! (What / How) 2. nice:adj. 美味的，友好的，令人愉快的 nice weather: 好天气 be nice to sb.:对某人友好 a nice trip: 一次令人愉快的旅行 The cookie tastes nice. 这块饼干尝起来美味。 3. would like 比want 语气更委婉。 ----Would you like to stay here with us? ---- Yes, I’d like / love to. 4. lovely: 令人愉快的，可爱的修饰人或物 a lovely afternoon / girl lively: 活泼的，生动的 a lively lesson:一堂生动的课 5. I’m afraid that + 从句: 恐怕（表示歉意或让对方失望的情况）I’m afraid that I can’t come to your party tomorrow. 6. 1) a bit = a little:有点儿，有点后接/形容词/副词\形容词/副词的比较级 I feel a bit thirsty now. After the rain, people feel a bit / a little cooler. 2) a little + 不可数名词： There is a little time left. a bit of + 不可数名词： There is a bit of water in the bottle. 7. have a try: 试一试 have a / an + 名词 have a swim:游泳 have a break:休息 have a shower:洗沐浴 8. I have a sweet tooth. 我喜欢吃甜食。 9. be done: 做好了，完成了done: adj. 做好了的，完成了 10. be sure + 从句：Are you sure what you said? Be sure of / about sth.: 对……确信 I’m sure of / about the telephone number. be sure (not) to do. Sth.: 确保/ 务必（不）做某事 Be sure not to miss the early bus. 11. lucky day:幸运日 You’re a lucky boy. 你是一个幸运儿。 Good luck to you. 祝你好运。 Unit 2 1. thanks for = thank you for: 因……而感谢你 Thank you for your help. Thank you for sending me photos. 2. message: 口信、信息（可数名词） take a message:捎个口信 leave a message:留信 Information: 信息（不可数名词） a piece of information , some information 3. hear from sb. = get / receive a letter from sb. : 收到某人的来信 I heard from my uncle last week. = I got / received a letter from my uncle last week. 4. can’t wait to do sth. : 等不及/ 迫不及待做某事 I can’t wait to open the present. 5. quite: 1) quite a / an + 形容词+ 名词 quite a nice boy:一个相当好的男孩。 2) quite 修饰动词时放在动词前
1．carry on\keep doing 坚持做某事 2. practise doing sth. 练习做某事 3. keep sb. Doing 使某人一直做某事 4. enjoy doing 喜欢做某事 5. finish doing 完成做某事 6. be afraid of doing 害怕做某事 be busy doing 忙于做某事 9. how about doing//what about doing 做某事怎么样 10. spend some time (in)doing 花时间做某事 11. spend some money (in) buying 花钱做某事 12. feel like doing 想做某事 13. stop/keep/prevent …from doing 阻止某人做某事 14. thank sb for doing 感谢某人做某事 15. thanks for doing 感谢做某事 16. do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/was hing 做点饭、打扫一下卫生、读点书、逛逛街、洗洗衣服 17. go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boat ing 去游泳、钓鱼、逛街、滑冰、划船18. mind doing 介意做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事21. have fun/difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. 做某事有趣、有困难、有困难、有困难 22. waste time/money doing 浪费时间、钱做某事 23. instead of doing 代替做某事 24. miss doing 错过做某事 含有不带to的动词不定式句型： 1. had better (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事 2. would you please (not) do sth. 你可以做某事吗？ 3. why not do sth. 为什么不做某事？ 4. why don’t you do sth. 为什么你不做某事？ 5. Shall we do sth.? 我们要做某事吗？ 6. let sb do sth. 让某人做某事 7. make/have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事含有带to的动词不定式句型 1. It’s time to do sth. 现在是做某事的时候了 2. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人时间 3. tell/ask/want/encourage/invite/ sb. to do sth. 告诉、叫、想、鼓励、邀请某人做某事 4. Would you like to do sth.? 你想做某事吗/ 5. It’s good/bad to do sth. 做某事好、不好 6. It’s good/bad for sb.to do sth. 某人做某事好、不好 7. be+adj.+enough to do sth. 足够+形容词做某事 8. sb. is ready to do sth. 某人准备好做某事 9. It’s+adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人+形容词（做这件事对你好）10. It’s+adj.+ of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事+形容词（你做这件事真好）11. would like/love /decide/want/wish/to do sth. 想、喜欢、决定、想、希望做某事 12. would like/love sb. to do sth. 想、喜欢某人做某事 13. Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. 我宁愿呆在家里不愿出去 14. how/ when/where/whether to do sth 怎么、什么时候、在哪里、要不要做某事 15. can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事 16. too …to do …太怎么样而不能做某事 17. be afraid /ready/able/sure to do 害怕、准备、能够、确定做某事
初二英语语法知识点总结 英语是世界上普遍使用的语言,下面是由学习啦小编分享的初二英语语法知识点总结，希望对你有用。 初二英语语法知识点总结：重点短语 1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是…… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不…… 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因……而著名 8. on ones way to在……途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院 10. at the end of在……的尽头，在……的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及时 13. make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去 14. just then 正在那时 15. first of all 首先，第一 16. go wrong 走错路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗 19. get on 上车 20. get off 下车 21. stand in line 站队 22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室 23. at the head of……在……的前头 24. laugh at 嘲笑 25. throw about 乱丢，抛散
26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温 31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛 32. have a headache 头痛 33. as soon as…一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事 36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again再三地，反复地 38. wake up 醒来，叫醒 39. instead of 代替 40. look over 检查 41. take exercise运动 42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事 43. at the weekend 在周末 44. on time 按时 45. out of从……向外 46. all by oneself 独立，单独 47. lots of=a lot of 许多 48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再 49. get back 回来，取回
初二英语语法大全 一. 知识点： 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won?t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won?t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I?ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I?ll sleep later. 3. They?ll buy one soon. 4. We?ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it?ll be better tomorrow. （二）should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.
动词不定式用法总结 动词不定式的构成是to+动词原形，但to 有时可以省略。它是一种活跃的非谓语动词形式，很多同学把它和谓语动词混在一起，掌握起来有困难。下面我们就对动词不定式做出简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆。 一、不定式作主语 在英语中，很多情况下，我们用代词it来代替不定式作主语，而把不定式移到句子的后部以平衡句子。此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出。 ( )1.It’s our duty ____the room every day . A.to clean B.cleaned C.clean D.cleans ( )2.It’s very nice _____you to get me two tickets _____the World Cup. A.for,of B.of ,for C.to,for D.of ,at 二、不定式作宾语 常见类型如下： 1）动词+带to的动词不定式。常见的有：afford，agree，decide，expect，hope，want，fail，plan等，例如： ( )3.He wants _____some vegetables . A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.buys 2）动词+疑问词+带to的动词不定式。 ( )4.There is no difference between the two words .I really don’t know ______. A.what to choose B.which to choose C.to choose which D.to choose what 另外，动词不定式用作宾语时，如果后跟形容词作宾语补足语，在这样的复合宾语 中，常把it放在宾语的位置作形式宾语，而把不定式放在句尾平衡句子。例如： ( )5.He found it very different_________. A.sleeping B.sleeps C.fall asleep D.to fall asleep 三、不定式作宾语补足语 作宾语补足语的句型也有两个。 1）动词+宾语+带to的不定式。常见的这类动词有：ask ，teach，tell，want，like，advice，invite，allow，warn等。例如： ( )6.Robert often asks us ____his Chinese ,so his Chinese is much better than before . A.help him B.to help him with C.to help with D.helps him with 2）动词+宾语+不带to的不定式。常见的这类动词有：see，hear，watch，notice，let，make，等，例如： ( )7.We saw him ___into the building and go upstairs. 四、** come https://www.doczj.com/doc/dc3886329.html,e https://www.doczj.com/doc/dc3886329.html,ing D.came 不定式作定语 不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。例如： ( )8.---Would you like sonething_____? ----Yes ,please. 五、** B.drinking C.to drink D.drinks 不定式作状语 不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中用作状语。放在句尾或句首表示目的；也可跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面，还可用于enough to---，too---to等结构中，例如： ( )9.She is old enoigh ____the things she likes.
八年级英语语法归纳整理(下册) Topic1 一. 重点词汇 ( 一 ) 词形转换: 1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) king https://www.doczj.com/doc/dc3886329.html,fortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety ( 二 ) 词的辨析 1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on 3. other /else 4. raise /rise 5.each /every 6.exciting / excited (三)重点词组: 1.go on a visit to 去……旅行 2. make the decision 做决定 3.bring back 带回 4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行 5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定 6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 预订 8. come up with 想出(主意) 9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望 10. pay for 支付;赔偿 11. raise money 筹钱 12. book a ticket 订票 13. make a room for sb 为……订房间 14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天 16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 17.find out 查出
初中不定式todo的用法
1. 不定式的用法------1.1 不定式作主语 不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 但是，用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型。另外，这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语。例如： （对）To teach is to learn. （错）It is to learn to teach. （错）To teach is learning. （错）Teaching is to learn. 典型例题 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on 答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。 1.1.1 不定式做主语It's for sb/It's of sb to do sth 这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of 的区别。 1）for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?
Module 1 Unit 1 It smells delicious Tony: Mm…What a delicious smell! Your pizza looks so nice. Betty: Thanks! Would you like to try some? Tony: Yes, please, it looks lovely, it smells delicious, and mm, it tastes good. Darning: What’s that on top? Betty: Oh, that’s cheese. Do you want to try a piece? Darning: Ugh! No, thanks. I’m afraid I don’t like cheese. It doesn’t smell fresh. It smells too strong and it tastes a bit sour. Betty: Well, my chocolate cookies are done now. Have a try! Darning: Thanks! They taste really sweet and they feel soft in the middle. Tony: Are you cooking lots of different things? You look very busy! Betty: Yes, I am! There’s some pizza and some cookies, and now I’m making an apple pie and a cake. Darning: Apple pie sounds nice, I have a sweet tooth, you know. Shall I get the sugar? Betty: Yes, please. Oh, are you sure that’s sugar? Taste it first. It might be salt! Darning: No, it’s OK. It tastes sweet. It’s sugar. Tony: What’s this? It tastes sweet too. Betty: That’s strawberry jam, for the cake. Darning: Good, everything tastes so sweet! It’s my lucky day! Unit 2 I feel nervous when I speak Chinese. Thanks for your last message. It was great to hear from you, and I can’t wait to meet you. I hope you will know me from my photo when I arrive at the airport. I’m quite tall, with short fair hair, and I wear glasses. I’ll wear jeans and a T-shirt for the journey, but I’ll also carry my warm coat. I’ve got your photo — you look very pretty. So I’m sure we’ll find each other! Thanks for telling me about your hobbies. You sound just like me! I spend a lot of time playing classical music with my friends at school, but I also like dance music — I love dancing! I enjoy sports as well, especially tennis. My brother is in the school tennis team — I’m very proud of him! He’s good at everything, but I’m not. Sometimes I get bad marks at school, and I feel sad. I should work harder. You asked me, “How do you feel about coming to China?” Well, I often feel a bit sad at first when I leave my mum and dad for a few days, and I’m quite shy when I’m with strangers. I feel nervous when I speak Chinese, but I’ll be fine in a few days. I’m always sorry when I don’t know how to do things in the right way, so please help me when I’m with you in China! Oh, I’m afraid of flying too. But I can't tell you how excited I am about going to China! See you next week! Love, Sally
一．To do形式 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 请求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决定做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事 fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 help to do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
人教版初二英语语法 知识要点
初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地” 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如：You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如： ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？ ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如： What color do you like best? （所有颜色） 你最喜爱什么颜色？ Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? （有特定的范围） 你最喜爱哪一种颜色？ 3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如： Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国？ 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always（总是，一直） usually（通常） often（常常，经常） sometimes（有时候） never（从不）