第六章词义与修辞
Translation of Figures of Speech
课堂互动1 ：考考你，看谁能译出歧义和双关（参考译文）1．He went to see the artist himself.
【译文一】他亲自去看画家。（himself是he的同位语。）
【译文二】他去看画家本人。（himself是the artist的同位语。）
2. He is capable of doing anything.
【译文一】他什么事情都会干。（指“能干”）
【译文二】他是什么事情都能干出来的。（指“亡命之徒”）
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3．Flying planes is dangerous.（动名词）
【译文一】驾驶飞机是危险的。
Flying planes are dangerous.（分词）
【译文二】正在飞行的飞机是危险的。
4．Bruce was writing a poem on an ancient tomb stone.
【译文一】布鲁斯正在一块古代的墓碑上写诗。
【译文二】布鲁斯正在写一首关于古代墓碑的诗。（on作“关于”讲）5．I decided on the boat.
【译文一】我选定了这只船。
【译文二】我在船上做出了决定。
…
6．She didn’t do that to please her mother.
【译文一】为使她母亲高兴，她没有做那事。
(=She didn’t do that in order to please her mother.) 【译文二】她做那事并不是为了使她母亲高兴。
(=She did that not to please her mother.)
7．I didn’t go because I was afraid.
【译文一】我没去，因为我怕。（没去）
【译文二】我不是因为怕才去的。（去了）
8．I didn’t write the letter because of what you told me.
；
【译文一】由于你跟我讲了，所以我没有写那封信。（没写）
【译文二】并不是因为你跟我说了，我才写那封信。（写了）
can fish.
【译文一】他们会钓鱼。
【译文二】他们把鱼装进罐头。
10．They are visiting friends.
【译文一】他们是来访的朋友。
【译文二】他们在访问朋友。
课堂互动2 ：考考你，看谁能译出矛盾修辞格（参考译文）
&
1．loving hate
【译文】爱恨之情
2．careful carelessness
【译文】小心翼翼而又漫不经心
3．painful pleasure
【译文】悲喜交加
4．Bad Good News (Time)
【译文】不好的好消息
5．I like a smuggler. He is the only honest thief. (Lamb)
【译文】我喜欢走私者，他是惟一诚实的小偷。
—
6．I like sweet-sour apricots.
【译文】我爱吃甜中带酸的杏子。
7．They had a love-hate relationship.
【译文】他们保持着一种爱恨关系。
8．It is a mater of life and death.
【译文】这是个生死攸关的大问题。
课堂互动3：运用夸张手法翻译句子（参考译文）
1．He sat perfectly quietly, and never spoke a syllable.
【译文】他静静地坐着，一言不发。
2．Yes, young men, Italy owes to you an undertaking which has merited the applause of the universe.
、
【译文】是的，年轻人，意大利由于有了你们，才得以成就这撼世的伟业。
3．I would rather be a poor man in a garret with plenty of good books to read than a king who did not love reading.
【译文】我宁愿当个穷人，住在阁楼里，有许多好书可读，也不愿当个不爱读书的帝王。4．My first look was for the Schooner. She had disappeared, and I supposed she was just settling under water. It rained as if the flood of Heaven were opened, and it lightened awfully. I could hear many men around me, and, occasionally, I saw the heads of men struggling in the lake. （College Core English, ）
【译文】我首先要找的是那条纵帆船。她已经不见了，估计她正在水中下沉。雨倾盆而下，犹如天上的水闸打开了，电光霍霍，令人畏惧。我可以听到自己周围有很多人，偶尔还看见湖面上挣扎的人头。
5．Mrs. Clark is dying, she lies motionless: the head seems unusually large on a skeleton body; the skin is dark yellow and hangs loosely around exaggerated bones that not even a blanket can hide; the right arm lies straight out at the side, taped cruelly to a board to secure a needle so that fluid may drip in; the left arm is across the sunken chest, which rises and falls with the uneven breaths. (New Horizon College English, BIII)
【译文】克拉克夫人已经奄奄一息了。她一动不动地躺着：骨瘦如柴，头显得格外大；暗黄色的皮肤松松地裹在那嶙峋的身体上，就连毛毯也遮掩不住这种消瘦；她的右臂平伸在床边，被胶带无情地固定在一块板子上，以便能固定针头顺利输液；左臂横放在深陷的胸部，胸口随着不均匀的呼吸一起一伏。
课堂互动4：运用类比手法翻译下列句子（参考译文）
1．There is always a market for good ideas.
(
【译文】好想法总是能找到市场的。
2. Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers.
【译文】明智的赞扬对于孩子的作用，就像阳光对于花朵的作用一样。
3．All that I had to show, as a man of letters, were these few tales and essays, which had blossomed out like flowers in the calm summer of my heart and mind.
【译文】作为一个作家，我所能奉献的只有这几篇故事和散文，它们像我心头温和的夏天灿烂开放着的花朵。
4．Intellectual assimilation takes time. The mind is not to be enriched as a coal barge is loaded. Whatever is precious in a cargo is carefully on board and carefully placed. Whatever is delicate and fine must be received delicately, and its place in the mind thoughtfully assigned. (Arlo Bates)
【译文】吸收知识要从从容容，不能像驳船装煤那样来填塞大脑。我们应小心地把珍贵的货物搬上船，并谨慎地放置好。吸取精华时必须敏感，而且要在头脑中加以周密安排。
课堂互动5 ：根据逻辑关系翻译下列句子（参考译文）
1．He is lying on his side.
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【译文】他侧身躺着。
2．A thing of beauty is a joy forever.
【译文】美丽的东西永远令人快乐。
3．A smile would come into Mr Pickwick’s face, the smile extended into a laugh, the laugh into a roar, and the roar became general. (Charles Dickens: Pickwick Papers)
【译文】于是匹克威克先生的脸上就会浮现一丝微笑，微笑逐渐变成大笑，大笑变成狂笑，狂笑勾起一阵哄堂大笑。
4．While human cloning might not offer great benefits to humanity，no one has yet made a convincing case that it would do any real harm, either.
【译文】虽然克隆人类可能不会给人类带来很大的好处，但也没有人能够提供有力的例证，证明他会带来真正的危害。
5．After her six years’stay under my care, I have the honour and happiness of presenting Miss Amelia Sedley to her parents as a young lady worthy of occupying a position in well-bred society. 【译文】爱米丽亚·赛德里小姐在我校修业六年，现已结业。在她返家之际，我以无比欣喜的心情荣幸地告知赛德里先生与夫人，令嫒已成为一个有教养的姑娘，足以在上流社会占据一席之地。
课堂互动6 ：运用重复手法翻译下列句子（参考译文）
《
1．I want to talk to you about the future, about our future together.
【译文】我想和你们谈谈未来，谈谈我们共同的未来。
2．The signs of China’s influence and success abound America. (Reagon)
【译文】中国的影响，中国的成就，在美国到处可见
3．The law should meet with your approval because it is simple, because it is enforceable, and because it is just.
【译文】你应该批准这个法律，因为它是简单的，还因为它是可实施的，更因为它是正义的。4．It is gravitation that causes the apple to fall. It is gravitation that makes things have weight. It is gravitation that keeps all things in their proper places.
【译文】是引力使苹果落地，是引力使物体具有重量，是引力使所有物体保持在它们适当的地方。
5．To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven: A time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which is planted; A time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up; A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance; A time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing; A time to get, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away; A time to rend, and a time to sew; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak; A time to love, and a time to hate; a time of war, and a time of peace. (Holy Bible, Ecclesiastes)
【译文】凡事都有定期，天下万物都有定时。生有时，死有时；栽种有时，拔出所栽种的也有时；杀戮有时，医治有时。拆毁有时，建造有时；哭有时，笑有时；哀恸有时，跳舞有时；抛掷石头有时，堆聚石头有时；怀抱有时，不怀抱有时；寻找有时，失落有时；保守有时，舍弃有时；撕裂有时，缝补有时；静默有时，言语有时；喜爱有时，恨恶有时；争战有时，和好有时。(《新旧约全书》)
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课堂互动7 ：运用平行排列手法翻译下列句子（参考译文）
1．They’re rich; they’re famous; they’re surrounded by the world’s most beautiful women. They are the world’s top fashion designers and trendsetters.
【译文】他们名利兼收，身边簇拥着世界上最美丽的女人。他们是世界顶尖级时装设计师，时尚潮流的引导者。
2．Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like.
【译文】滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，漫步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。
3．They say “What is your name”, think I shall name myself. But I don’t give myself a name. I have given up everything. I have no name, no place, no country, no anything. I am just myself. (Leo Tolstoy: Resurrection)
【译文】他们说：“你叫什么名字”以为我会说出自己的名字。但是我没有给自己取一个名字。我已经放弃了一切；我没有名字，没有住所，没有国家，没有任何东西，我就是我自己。4．In order to learn to be one’s true self, it is necessary to know much of what has been said and done in the world, critically to look into it, carefully to consider it, clearly to analyze it and eagerly to carry it out.
【译文】要想成为真正的自我，就有必要了解自己说了多少，做得又如何，审慎地研究一番，仔细地考虑一番，认真地分析一番，热诚地实践一番。
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5．For no country have the charms of Nature been more perfectly lavished. Her mighty lakes, like oceans of liquid silver, her mountains, with their bright aerial tints, her valleys, teeming with wild fertility, her tremendous cataracts thundering in their solitudes, her broad deep rivers, rolling in solemn silence to the ocean, her trackless forests, where vegetation puts forth all its magnificence, her skies, kindling with the magic of summer clouds and glorious sunshine.
【译文】因为仅以大自然的妩媚而论，诚可谓得天独厚，世罕其俦。她那银波荡漾，浩渺若海的湖面；那晴光闪耀，擎天立地的巍峨群山；那富饶盈衍的峡岸溪谷；那轰鸣于沉寂之中的巨大飞瀑急湍；那肃穆静谧，奔涌入海的深广江流；那郁郁葱葱，随风起伏的无垠平原；那万木峥嵘，无径可循的茂密森林；那夏云丽日、无穷变幻的灿烂天空。
课堂互动8 ：运用拟人手法翻译下列句子（参考译文）
1. I have ever been the sport and toy of debasing circumstances. Ignominy, Want, Despair, and Madness, have collectively or separately, been the attendants of my career.
【译文】我一向遭受险恶环境戏弄。羞辱、贫困、绝望和疯狂，已经集体地或者单独地成为我的生涯中的侍从。
2．In London we get the heat of the sun, but not his light, and the separation of individual parts into such vivid isolation was so surprising that even Marie noticed it, and said it “all seemed as if she was looking through a glass”.
【译文】伦敦的太阳只给予人热而不给予人光，光热分离，竟到了如此程度，就连玛丽都觉察到了，所以她说，那里一切仿佛尽是“镜中窥物”。
3．Then Night, like some great loving mother, gently lays her hand at our fevered head, and turns our little tear-stained face up to hers, and smiles, and, though she does not speak, we know that she would say and lay our hot, flushed cheek against her bosom and the pain is gone.
【译文】那时，夜幕就像慈母一般，用她的手轻轻地抚摸着我们发烫的额头，把我们沾满泪水的小小脸蛋贴在了她的脸上，微笑着；尽管她不讲话，我们知道她会说的，会把我们滚烫发红的脸颊靠在她的胸前，这时疼痛消失了。
4. Death, be not proud, though some
…
have called thee
Mighty and dreadful, for thou art
Not so:
For those whom thou think’st thou
Dost overthrow
Die not, poor Death, nor yet canst
Thou kill me. (John Donne: Death be not proud)
【译文】死神莫骄妄，
虽有人称你
可怖逞雄强，
、
其实外强中干；
你自以为能把
众生来摧残，
仍枉然；可怜的死神，
你能耐我何！
课堂互动9：运用反语与讥讽翻译下列句子（参考译文）
1．The weatherman said it would be warm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.
【译文】气象预报员竟说今天天气温暖，他一定是在浴室里读气象资料的。
2．This hard-working boy seldom reads more than an hour per week.
【译文】一周读不了一小时的书，多刻苦好学的孩子。
（
3．He is a man who is most dependable when you are not in need.
【译文】他是你最不需要帮助时帮助你的人。
4．He was such a marvelous teacher that whenever he recognized a spark of genius you could be sure he’d water it.
( Charles Kay Smith: Styles and Structures )
【译文】他是这样一位绝妙的教师，每当他认出天才的火花时，你可以肯定他会把它浇灭。5．If you choose to waste your time and so risk failing you in exam, that’s your funeral.
【译文】如果你一定要浪费时间，成心想考不及格，那是阁下您的事。
6．Robbing a widow of her savings was certainly a noble act.
【译文】抢一个寡妇的存款行为够高尚的。
7．Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps and hornets break through. (Jonathan Swift)
（
【译文】法律就像蜘蛛网，它也许会捕到小苍蝇，却让蚂蜂和大黄蜂逃之夭夭。
8．The grave’s a fine and private place,
But none, I think, do there embrace.”
(Andrew Marvell: To His Coy Mistress)
【译文】坟墓固然是很隐蔽的去处，也很好，
但是我看谁也没在那儿拥抱。
第六章综合练习及参考译文
1．：
2．运用歧义、双关翻译下列句子
1) Hugo is pulling a cart.
A. 雨果正在画一辆车。（drawing a picture of a cart）
B. 雨果正在拉车。
2) The girl saw the boy with the binoculars.
A. 女孩看见了那个带望远镜的男孩。（作定语）
B. 这个女孩用望远镜看见了那个男孩。（作状语）
3) Do you notice the old man smoking
A. 你注意到那位老人在抽烟吗
B. 你注意到那位抽烟的老人吗
，
4) How do you know when there is wind
A. 你怎么知道什么时候有风（定语从句）
B. 有风的时候，你怎么知道呢（状语从句）
5) The statistician studies the whole year.
A. 统计学家研究全年的情况。（宾语）
B. 统计学家一年到头进行研究。（状语）
6) Jack and Mary are married.
A. 杰克和玛丽结为夫妻。
B. 杰克和玛丽各自成婚。
（Jack is married and so is Mary.）
'
7) I found her an entertaining woman.
A. 我为她找了一个女招待。
B. 我发现她是一个女招待。
8) Visiting aunts is a bore. （动名词）
Visiting aunts are boring. （分词）
A. 看望姑妈令人厌烦。
B. 喜欢串门的姑妈真烦人。
9) There is a want of confidence in him.
A. 人们对他缺乏信心。
B. 他本人缺乏信心。
。
10) Mr. Flack told his brother that he must pay the bill.
A. 弗拉克先生对他弟弟说他必须付账单的钱。
B. 弗拉克先生对他弟弟说他必须付账单的钱。（“他”指弗拉克先生自己还是指他的弟弟不明确）
3．翻译下列词组和句子，注意矛盾修辞的运用
1) changelessly changing
【译文】始终如一，变化多端
2) a clever fool (a wise fool)
【译文】天生的傻瓜(聪明的傻瓜)
3) cruel kindness
【译文】害人的仁慈
%
4) fiend angelical
【译文】是天使，也是魔鬼
5) a damned saint
【译文】一个万恶的圣人
6) an honorable villain
【译文】一个庄严的奸徒
7) a victorious defeat
【译文】一个表面上的败仗，实际上的胜仗
8) bright smoke
【译文】黑烟发亮
:
9) heavy lightness
【译文】又重又轻
10）funny and annoying
【译文】滑稽烦人
3．翻译下列段落，注意平行结构的运用
I Have a Dream (Martin Luther King)
I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
【译文】我有一个梦想
朋友们，今天我要告诉你们：尽管现在仍有许多困难挫折，我仍然怀有一个梦想。这是一个深深扎根于美国人梦想中的梦想。
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up, live up to the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal.”
【译文】
我有一个梦想，有一天这个国家将会站立起来。真正信守她立国的诺言：“我们坚信这条不言而喻的真理：人人生来平等”。
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
我有一个梦想，有一天佐治亚州红土山岗上，昔日奴隶的儿子和昔日奴隶主的儿子将会像兄弟一样同桌而坐，共叙情谊。
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
我有一个梦想，有一天甚至密西西比这样一个不公正的狂热情绪使人透不过气来的地方也将会变成一块自由和公正的绿洲。
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character.
我有一个梦想，有一天我的四个孩子将生活在这样一个国家，将不再根据他们的肤色，而是根据他们的品德来评定他们的为人。
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.
今天我有一个梦想！
我梦想有一天，尽管阿拉巴马州种族主义猖獗，尽管该州州长仍然满口异议，拒绝执行联邦法令，但有朝一日，那里的黑人男孩女孩能够与白人男孩女孩情同手足，携手并进。
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
今天我有一个梦想！
我梦想有一天，深谷弥合，高山夷平，崎岖化为坦途，曲径变成通衢，上帝的光辉显现，让所有人类一起瞻仰。