学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了”。
为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。
一、多“说”。
自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。
或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。
如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。
二、多“听”
寻找一切可以听英语的机会。别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。
三、多“读”。
“读”可以分为两种。一种是“默读”。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系，所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后，你必定会在高考中胜券在握。另一种是“朗读”这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。
四、多“写”
有的同学总是抱怨时间紧，根本没时间写作文。其实“写”的形式很多，不一定就写作文才提高写作能力。比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情，或当天学了某一个词组，你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法，又可以锻炼你的写作能力，比如学“wish”一词时，可写一小段如下：
The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor.
只几句话：但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上，这样写下来印象会深刻得多，这样比死记硬背wish的用法也有趣轻松的多。
学习英语不用花大块的时间，10分钟的散步可以练"说",吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说，睡前听几分钟英语，可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语，你的英语成绩肯定会很快提高的。
背英语单词技巧
1、循环记忆法
艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线
人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库，人脑经历过的事物，思考过的问题，体验过的情感和情绪，练习过的动作，都可以成为人们记忆的内容。例如英文的学习中单词、短语和句子，甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完成的。从"记"到"忆"是有个过程的，这其中包括了识记、保持、再认和回忆。有很多人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知，要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一番工夫的，单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的。
雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：
1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的
2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial
3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost
4.proportion/ percentage 比例
5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，卷入，参与
6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于
考虑到，尽管
6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/ inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce /deductive推断
7.fortune/ destiny/ chances
8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/ exhaust –exhaust emission (尾气)排放/ exploit
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d23565928.html,plex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的
10.capacity能力，容量/ competence （竞争）能力/ ability 能力（笼统的）
11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金
12.solely/ merely/ only
13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样，品种/ a great rang 系列of
14.pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder杀人
15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose
16.授权，委托：authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 头衔+ ment =right （权利）
17.purchase/ buy
18. ethnic 种族的/ ethic 伦理，道德的+ s =[n ]
19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]
20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing
21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit
22. circumstance 环境（社会）/ surroundings/ environment 环境（环保）背景background 后台/ settings后台，布景/ context 上下文（文章中）
23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的> 24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant 25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行业）/flourishing 26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred 27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的) 28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal 29.类似于：look like/ resemble 30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term 长期的 31.网恋：virtual love/ cyber love 32.网友：on-line /net/ cyber friend 上网（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/网吧 33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及 34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释，预测 35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray 36. therapist /expert/ specialist 37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length 38. commonest/ frequent 39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped 40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/ degrade ->grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下 41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify 42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率 43.clash 冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁 44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace 45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性 46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热（体） 47．缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback 48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>[n]/creative/revolutionary 易错拼写：environment/ convenient 49．neutral 中立的，中性的/negative 否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的 50．ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure https://www.doczj.com/doc/d23565928.html,municate 沟通，传达，通报 52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠 https://www.doczj.com/doc/d23565928.html,mitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献2 责任,义务 54．contribute to 导致~ result in /account for (占据)导致 54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of) 55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on 英语作文常用谚语、俗语 1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。 16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。 17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。 18、A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实， 22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。 23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。 26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。 27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 28、Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 29、Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。 32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。 33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。 35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。 36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。 37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。 41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。 42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。 43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。 44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量 46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 47、No pain，no gain.（不劳无获。） 48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试， 不知晓。。 49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。 51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy a n d w i s e . 早 睡 早 起 ， 使 人 健 康 、 富 裕 和 聪 颖 。 52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。 53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set 54、Where there's a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。 55、Practice makes perfect ．（熟能生巧。） 56、Pride goes before a fall．（骄傲必败。） Superstar and I It’s common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianist—Chopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. What’s more, I can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasn’t built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams. Superstar and I Her name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although she’s not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song ’I dreamed a dream’ that she sang touched everyone’s heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way. 安徽考纲英语词汇表及翻译 本表共收1600个单词和300条短语。 A a a (an) art. 一（个、件……） a bit (of) 有一点，一会儿 a few 有些，几个 a kind of 一种 a little 有点儿，一点儿 a lot （of）许多，大量 a number of 一些，许多 a pair / piece / set of 一双 / 张（块，根，片，只）/ 套（副） ability n. 能力，才能 able a.能够，有能力的 about ad.大约，到处，四处prep.关于，在各处，四处 above prep.在……上面a.上面的ad. 在之上 abroad ad.到（在）国外 absent a.缺席，不在 accent n.口音，音调 accept v.接受 accident n.事故，意外的事 according to 根据……，按照 ache vi.& n.痛，疼痛 achieve vt.完成, 达到 across prep.横过，穿过 act n.法令，条例v.（戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）;行动，做事action n.行动 active ad .积极的，主动的 activity n. 活动 ad (缩) = advertisement n.广告 add v.添加，增加 add…to…把……加到……上 add up to 合计达…… address n.地址 advantage n.优点, 好处 advice n.忠告，劝告，建议 advise vt. 忠告，劝告，建议 aeroplane = airplane =plane n. 飞机 afford vt. 负担得起（……的费用）;抽得出（时间）;提供 afraid a.害怕的，担心 after ad.在后，后来prep. 在……之后，在……后面conj.在……以后 after all 毕竟 afternoon n.下午，午后 again ad.再一次，再，又 against prep.对着，反对 age n.年龄;时代 ago ad. 以前 agree v.同意；应允 agree with 同意 agreement n.同意，一致；协定，协议 ahead ad. 在前，向前，提前 ahead of time 提早 aim v．瞄准，打算n.目的；打算 aim at 瞄准，针对 air n.空气，大气 airline n.航空公司, 航空系统 airport n.航空站，飞机场 alive a.活着的，存在的 all ad.全部地a.全（部），所有的，总，整pron.全部，全体人员 all kinds of 各种各样的 all over 遍及 all right 行了，好吧，（病）好了 allow v.允许，准许 almost ad. 几乎，差不多 alone a.单独的，孤独的 along ad.向前；和……一起,一同prep.沿着；顺着 aloud ad.出声地；高声地 already ad.已经 also ad.也 although conj.虽然，尽管 always ad.总是；一直；永远 America n.美国；美洲 American a.美国的；美国人的n.美国人 among prep.在……中间；在（三个以上）之间 ancient a.古代的，古老的 and conj.和；又；而 and so on 等等 angry a.生气的，愤怒的 animal n.动物 another a.再一,另一；别的,不同的pron.另一个 answer n.回答，答复；回信；答案v.回答，答复；回信；（作出）答案 ant n. 蚂蚁 any pron.（无论）哪一个；哪些任何的；（用于疑问句、否定句）一些；什么anybody pron.任何人，无论谁 anyone pron.任何人，无论谁 anything pron.什么事（物）；任何事（物） anyway ad. 不管怎样 anywhere ad.任何地方 appear v.出现，露面; （公开）演出 apple n.苹果 April n. 4月 area n.面积；地域，地方，区域；范围，领域 arm n.臂, 支架 army n.军队 around ad.在周围；在附近prep. 在……周围；大约arrive vi.到达；达到 arrive at / in 到达 art n. 艺术，美术；技艺 article n. 文章；东西，物品；冠词 as ad.& conj. 像……一样,如同；因为prep.作为，当作as a result （作为）结果 as ... as 像，如同 as for 至于 as long as 只要 as soon as 一……就 as usual 和往常一样 as well as 也；还；而且 Asia n.亚洲 Asian a.亚洲的;亚洲人的n. 亚洲人 ask v.问，询问；请求，要求；邀请 ask for 请求 asleep a.睡着的，熟睡 at prep.在（几点钟）；在（某处） at first首先 at home 在家 at last 最后 at least 至少 at most 最多 at noon /night 在正午/在晚上 at the age of 在......岁的时候 Atlantic n.大西洋 a.大西洋的 attention n. 注意;关心, 关注; 注意力; (口令)立正! August n.8月 aunt n.伯母；舅母；婶；姑；姨 Australia n.澳洲；澳大利亚 Australian a.澳洲的;澳大利亚人的n.澳大利亚人autumn n.秋天，秋季 available a.可利用的 avoid v.避免, 消除 awake (awoke, awoken) v.唤醒醒着 a. 醒着的 away ad.离开；远离 B b baby n.婴儿 back ad.回（原处）；向后a.后面的n.背后，后部；背 background n.背景 bad (worse, worst) a.坏的；有害的，不利的；严重的 bag n.书包；提包；袋子 ball n. 球 balloon n.气球 banana n. 香蕉 bank n.（河、海、湖的）岸，堤；银行 baseball n.棒球 basic a. 基本的 basket n.篮子 basketball n.篮球 bathroom n. 浴室 be v.是（原形），其人称和时态形式有am, is, are, was, were, being, been be able to 能够......；得以…… be afraid of害怕…… be amazed at 惊异于 be angry with 对......生气 be ashamed of 因……而感到惭愧 be born 出生；出世 be busy with 忙于…… be careful with小心；当心 be famous for 因…著名 be fit for 适合… be friendly to 对……友好 be fond of喜爱 be full of 充满 be good at 擅长；在……方面做得好 be good for对……有益处 be interested in 对……感兴趣 be late for 迟到 be mad at 生气 be made from 由……制成．由……构成 be proud of 为……感到骄傲、自豪 be strict with 对……要求严格 be supposed to 被期望或被要求…… be surprised at 惊奇 beach n.海滨，海滩 bear n.熊 beat (beat, beaten)v.敲打；跳动；打赢n.（音乐）节拍 beautiful a.美的，美丽的，美观的 because conj.因为 because of 因为 become (became, become) v.变得；成为 bed n.床 bedroom n.寝室，卧室 bee n.. 蜜蜂 beef n.牛肉 before prep. 在……以前；在……前面ad.以前conj. 在……之前 begin (began, begun) v.开始，着手 begin with 以……开始 behaviour n.行为, 举止 behind prep. (表示位臵)在……后面ad.在后面；向后 believe v.相信，认为 bell n. 钟，铃；钟(铃)声；钟形物 belong vi.属于 belong to 属于 below prep.在……下面 beside prep. 在……旁边；靠近 besides prep. 除……以外（还有）ad.还有，此外 between prep. 在（两者）之间；在……中间 beyond prep.在(到)...较远的一边, 超过, 那一边ad.在远处n.远处big a.大的 bike = bicycle n.自行车 bill n.帐单; 钞票; 票据, 清单 biology n.生物（学） bird n.鸟 birth n.出生, 诞生 birthday n.生日 biscuit n.饼干 bit n.一点，一些，少量的 bitter a.苦的; 痛苦的; 怀恨的 black n.黑色a.黑色的 blackboard n.黑板 blind a.瞎的 blood n.血，血液 blow (blew, blown)v.吹；刮风；吹气 blue n. 蓝色 a. 蓝色的 board n木板;布告牌 boat n. 小船，小舟 body n.身体 book n. 书；本子v.预定，定（房间、车票等） boring a. 乏味的，无聊的 born ( bear的过去分词之一) a.出生 borrow v.（向别人）借用；借 borrow… from 向……借…… boss n. 领班；老板 both a.两；双pron.两者；双方 both…and 两者都，既……又…… bottle n.瓶子 bottom n. 底, 底部; 尽头, 末端 a. 底部的 bowl n.碗 box n.盒子，箱子 boy n.男孩 brain n.脑(子) brave a. 勇敢的 bread n.面包 break (broke, broken) v.打破（断，碎）；损坏，撕开n. 间隙 break down 损坏; 坏掉 break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生，爆发 breakfast n.早餐 breath n.呼吸 breathe v.呼吸 bridge n.桥 bright a.明亮的；聪明的 bring (brought, brought) vt.拿来，带来，取来 bring in 引来，引进，吸收 bring up 教育，培养 brother n.兄；弟 brown n.褐色，棕色 a.褐色的，棕色的 brush n.刷子, 毛刷; 画笔v. 刷, 掸, 拂 build (built, built) v.建筑, 造 building n.建筑物；房屋；大楼 burn (-ed, -ed 或burnt, burnt) v.燃，烧；使烧焦；使晒黑 bus n.公共汽车 business n.（本分）工作，职业；职责；生意，交易；事业 busy a.忙（碌）的 but conj.但是，可是prep.除了，除……外 butter n.黄油, 牛油 butterfly n. 蝴蝶 buy (bought, bought) vt.买 by prep.靠近，在……旁；在……时间；不迟于；被；用；由；乘（车）by accident / chance偶然; 意外 / 偶然 by air / bus / train / ship乘坐飞机/公共汽车/火车/轮船 by mistake 错误地 by the way 顺便；附带说说 C c cabbage n. 卷心菜 cake n.蛋糕，糕点；饼 call n. 喊，叫；电话，通话v.称呼；呼唤；喊，叫 call on 拜访 call up 打电话给……，打电话 calm a.镇静的；沉着的v. 镇静；沉着 camel n.骆驼 camera n.照相机；摄像机 camp n.（夏令）营v.野营；宿营 can (could, can’t = can not) modal v. 可能；能够；可以n. 罐头；罐子;垃圾桶;开罐器can’t helping doing禁不住做某事；忍不住去做某事 Canada n. 加拿大 cancel vt. 取消 cancer n. 癌; 毒瘤 candle n. 蜡烛 candy n.糖果 cap n. 帽子；盖；笔套 capital n.首都，省会；大写 captain n.（海军）上校；船长，舰长；队长；球队（的）主将 car n.汽车，小卧车 card n. 卡片；名片；纸牌 care n.照料，保护；小心v.介意……，在乎；关心 care for / about 喜欢，照顾（病人）/ 喜欢 careful a.小心的，仔细的，谨慎的 careless a.粗心的, 漫不经心的 carry vt. 拿，搬，带，提，抬，背，抱，运等 cat n.猫 catch (caught, caught) v.接住；捉住；赶上；染上（疾病） catch up with 赶上；追上 cause n. 原因，起因；因其vt.使发生，促使 CD n. 光盘(compact disk的缩写) CD-ROM n. 信息储存光盘( compact disk read-only memory的缩写) ceiling n. 天花板、顶棚 celebrate v.庆祝 cent n.美分（100 cents = 1 dollar） centre (美center ) n. 中心，中央 century n.世纪，百年 certain a. (未指明真实名称的)某……; 确定的, 无疑的; 一定会…… chair n.椅子 chairman (chairwoman) n.主席 chalk n. 粉笔 chance n. 机会，可能性 change v. 改变，变化；更换；兑换n.零钱；找头 change into 转换成，把......变成 chant n.单调的歌曲v.有节奏地唱（或说），一再地唱（或说） cheap a.便宜的，低价的 cheat v.骗取,哄骗; 作弊 check n.检查；批改vt.校对，核对；检查；批改 check in / out 报到，登记 /结帐，查明 cheer n.愉快, 欢呼vi.快活; 欢呼 cheer up 使振奋；使高兴起来 cheese n.奶酪 chemistry n.化学 chess n.棋 chest n.箱子; 盒子; 胸部 chicken n.鸡；鸡肉 child (pl. children) n.孩子，儿童 China n.中国 Chinese a.中国的；中国人的；中国话的，汉语的n.中国人；中国话，汉语，中文chocolate n.巧克力 choice n.选择; 快择 choose (chose, chosen) vt.选择 chopsticks n. 筷子 Christmas n. 圣诞节（12月25日） Christmas Eve圣诞（前）夜 church n.教堂；教会 cinema n.电影院；电影 circle n. 圆圈v.将……圈起来 city n.市，城市，都市 clap vi.& n.拍手; 鼓掌 class n.（学校里的）班；年级；课 classmate n.同班同学 classroom n. 教室 clean vt.弄干净，擦干净a.清洁的，干净的 clear a.清晰的；明亮的；清楚的 clever a.聪明的，伶俐的 climb v.爬，攀登 clock n. 钟 clone v. 克隆 close a. 亲密的；近，靠近ad. 近，靠近vt.关，关闭 close to 靠近 clothes n. 衣服；各种衣物 cloud n.云；云状物；阴影 cloudy a. 云的，阴天的 club n.俱乐部；纸牌中的梅花 coach n. 教练; 马车; 长途车 coal n.煤；煤块 coast n.海岸；海滨 coat n.外套；涂层 coffee n. 咖啡 coin n. 硬币 coke n.可口可乐 cold a.冷的，寒的n.寒冷；感冒，伤风 collect vt.收集，搜集 college n.学院；专科学校 colour (美color) n.颜色v.给……着色，涂色 come (came, come) v.来，来到 come from 来自 come on 加油；快点 come true 实现；达到 come up with 提出；想出 comfortable a.舒服的；安逸的；舒服自在的 common a.普通的，一般的；公有的；公共的 communicate v.交际;传达(感情,信息等) communication n.交际;交往;通讯 company n.公司；伙伴 compare vt.比较，对照 compare with / to 与……相比/把……比作 competition n.比赛，竞赛 complain v. 抱怨；控诉 complain about 抱怨 complete a.全部的, 完全的；完成的v.完成，结束 composition n.作文; 作曲 computer n.电子计算机 concentrate v.集中（注意力、思想等） concentrate on集中在，专心于 concert n.音乐会；演奏会 condition n.条件; 状况 conference n.(正式的)会议;讨论会 connect vt. 连接; 关联 connect to / with连接，与……相连 consider vt.考虑；细想 continue vi.继续 control vi.& n.控制 conversation n. 谈话，交谈 cook n. 炊事员，厨师v.烹调，做饭 cooker n. 炊具(锅、炉灶、烤炉等) cool a.凉的，凉爽的 copy n. 抄本，副本；一本（份，册……）v. 抄写；复印；（计算机用语）拷（备份盘）corner n.角；角落；拐角 correct v. 改正；纠正a.正确的，对的；恰当的 cost (cost, cost) v.值（多少钱），花费（金钱，时间） Materials Science and Engineering arc welding 电弧焊 calcinations 煅烧 casting 熔铸 ceramic 陶瓷 chemical properties 化学性能 cold brittleness 低温脆性 colour liquid crystals 彩色液晶 congruent compound 合熔化合物 constant-deformation tests 定变形试验 Creep Strength 潜变强度 crystal pattern 晶体结构 data quartz fiber 数据石英光纤 die casting 拉模铸造 drawing & stamping 延轧 Dynamics of Forging System 锻压系统动力学 Edge Finish 边缘处理 Engineering Materials 工程材料 nano-material 纳米材料 ceramic 陶瓷 polymer 集合物 composite material 复合材料 biomaterial 生物材料semiconductor 半导体 conductor 导体 insulator 绝缘体 synthetic fabrics 合成纤维microstructures 显微结构 periodic table 周期表 Equipment for Heating Processing 热处理设备 Fatigue Test 疲劳测试 Features of Metal 金属的特性 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属 forging 锻造 foundry 铸造 High Polymer Material & Processing 高分子材料及加工Impact Test 冲击测试 Intermetallic compound 金属间化物 Ionic Solids 离子晶体 Magnetic Transformation 磁性变态 Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料力学性能的测定Mechanical Property of Metal 金属机械性能 Metal Cutting Machine Tool 金属切削工具 Metal Erosion & Protection 金属腐蚀及防护 Metal Material Science 金属材料学 Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallographic Techniques 金相技术Metallography 金属学 Metallography & Heat Treatment 金属学与热处理 常用金融英语词汇的 翻译 常用金融英语词汇的翻译 acquiring company 收购公司 bad loan 呆帐 chart of cash flow 现金流量表 clearly-established ownership 产权清晰 debt to equity 债转股 diversity of equities 股权多元化 economy of scale 规模经济 emerging economies 新兴经济 exchange-rate regime 汇率机制 fund and financing 筹资融资 global financial architecture 全球金融体系 global integration, globality 全球一体化，全球化 go public 上市 growth spurt （经济的）急剧增长 have one's "two commas" 百万富翁 hedge against 套期保值 housing mortgage 住房按揭 holdings 控股，所持股份 holding company 控股公司 initial offerings 原始股 initial public offerings 首次公募 innovative business 创新企业 intellectual capital 智力资本 inter-bank lending 拆借 internet customer 网上客户 investment payoff period 投资回收期 joint-stock 参股 mall rat 爱逛商店的年轻人 means of production 生产要素 (the)medical cost social pool for major diseases 大病医疗费用社会统筹mergers and acquisitions 并购 Counter bored hole 沉孔 Chamfer 倒斜角 Fillet 倒圆角 padding block垫块 stepping bar垫条 upper die base上模座 lower die base下模座 upper supporting blank上承板 upper padding plate blank上垫板 spare dies模具备品 spring 弹簧 bolt螺栓 document folder活页夹 file folder资料夹 to put file in order整理资料 spare tools location手工备品仓 first count初盘人 first check初盘复棹人 second count 复盘人 second check复盘复核人 equipment设备 waste materials废料 work in progress product在制品 casing = containerization装箱 quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量 Quantity of customs count 会计师盘,点数量 the first page第一联 filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查 end-user/using unit(department)使用单位 Summary of year-end physical inventory bills 年终盘点截止单据汇总表 bill name单据名称 This sheet and physical inventory list will be sent to accounting department together (Those of NHK will be sent to financial department) 本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部) Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表 blank and waste sheet NO. 空白与作废单号 《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) W hen it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) When it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) When it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1) They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”. (2) They represent the forms of the verb “fly” and have a common meaning. (3) They belong to a lexical field of “telephone communication”. (4) They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote various kinds of “looking”. 5. (a) 'blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black); 'blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in color (the primary stress in on black); 'greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black); 'White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black). (b) 'black 'board: any board which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'black 'bird: any bird which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'grey 'hound: any hound that is grey in color (both words receive primary stress); 'white 'house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress). 6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class words. 7. (a) The ‘bull’ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal. (b) ‘Take the bull by the horn’is an idiom, meaning (having the courage to) deal with someone or something directly. (c) ‘Like a bull in a china shop’is an idiom, meaning doing something with too much enthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone. 科技英语中专业术语的 翻译 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988） 科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1.意译：根据科技术语的含义，将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单个词语来说，意译也就是直译。意译法是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例子如下： ①firewall ．．．．．．．． ：防火墙 ②data mining ．．．．．．．．．． ：数据挖掘 ③automatic program control ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ：自动程序控制 2.形译：英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译成汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫形译。例子如下： I ．-．bar ．．． 工字钢、工字条；O ．-．ring ．．．． 环形圈；twist ．．．．．-．drill ．．．．．麻花钻；X ．-．Ray ．．．X 光；α．-．brass ．．．．． α黄铜[1] 3.音译：根据英语发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些有专业名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译时都可采用音译法。例子如下： gene ．．．． 基因；quark ．．．．． 夸克；Pentium ．．．．．．． 奔腾 celluloid ．．．．．．．．． 赛璐璐；nylon ．．．．． 尼龙 Hertz ．．．．．（Hz ）赫兹（频率单位）；lumen ．．．．．流明（光通量单位） 4.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占很大比重，这类词如果译成汉语，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例子如下： CPU ．．．：．C ．entral Processing Unit ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．(中央处理器) ASCII ．．．．．：．American S ．．．．．．．．．tandard ．．．．．．． C ．ode ．．． for ．．． I ．nformation ．．．．．．．．．． I ．nterchange ．．．．．．．．．． (美国信息交换标准码) ATM ．．．：．A ．synchronous ．．．．．．．．．．． T ．ransfer ．．．．．．． M ．ode ．．． (异步传输方式) 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种办法。例子如下： WTO ．．．(国际贸易组织)；UNESCO ．．．．．．(联合国教科文组织)；WHO ．．．(世界卫生组织)；IOC ．．． (国际奥委会) Datasheet中常用英语词汇翻译 序号英文术语中文术语 1 backplane 背板 2 Band gap voltage reference 带隙电压参考 3 benchtop supply 工作台电源 4 Block Diagram 方块图 5 Bode Plot 波特图 6 Bootstrap 自举 7 Bottom FET Bottom FET 8 bucket capcitor 桶形电容 9 chassis 机架 10 Combi-sense Combi-sense 11 constant current source 恒流源 12 Core Sataration 铁芯饱和 13 crossover frequency 交*频率 14 current ripple 纹波电流 15 Cycle by Cycle 逐周期 16 cycle skipping 周期跳步 17 Dead Time 死区时间 18 DIE Temperature 核心温度 19 Disable 非使能，无效，禁用，关断 20 dominant pole 主极点 21 Enable 使能，有效，启用 22 ESD Rating ESD额定值 23 Evaluation Board 评估板 24 Exceeding the specifications below may result in permanent damage to the device, or device malfunction. Operation outside of the parameters specified in the Electrical Characteristics section is not implied. 超过下面的规格使用可能引起永久的设备损害或设备故障。建议不要工作在电特性表规定的参数范围以外。 25 Failling edge 下降沿 26 figure of merit 品质因数 27 float charge voltage 浮充电压 28 flyback power stage 反驰式功率级 29 forward voltage drop 前向压降 30 free-running 自由运行 31 Freewheel diode 续流二极管 32 Full load 满负载 33 gate drive 栅极驱动 34 gate drive stage 栅极驱动级 35 gerber plot Gerber 图 36 ground plane 接地层 37 Henry 电感单位：亨利 38 Human Body Model 人体模式 39 Hysteresis 滞回 40 inrush current 涌入电流 41 Inverting 反相 42 jittery 抖动 43 Junction 结点 44 Kelvin connection 开尔文连接 机械术语英文翻译 阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm 安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load 凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench 板簧flat leaf spring 半圆键woodruff key 变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar 摆动从动件oscillating follower 摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile 摆线运动规律cycloidal motion 摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact 保持架cage背对背安装丨back-to-back arrangement 背锥back cone ；normal cone 背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale 热容specific heat capacity 闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism 臂部arm 变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed 变速speed change 变速齿轮change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient 标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear 表面质量系数superficial mass factor 表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度surface roughness 并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism 并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering 并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance 不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance 不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator 波数number of waves补偿compensation 参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress 操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel 槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross槽数Geneva numerate 槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash 差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism 差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor 承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting 尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space 齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash 齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle 齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle 齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch 齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile 齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear 齿轮变速箱speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack 齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀hob ,hobbing cutter 齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank 齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器gear coupling 齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number 齿数比gear ratio齿条rack 齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain 齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism 插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points 重合度contact ratio冲床punch 《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below. 科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1. 意译：根据科技术语的含义，将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单个词语来说，意译也就是直译。意译法是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例子如下：①firewall防火墙 ②data mining数据挖掘 ③automatic program control：自动程序控制 2. 音译：根据英语的发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些由专有名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译时都可采用音译法。例子如下： ●gene基因；quark夸克；Pentium奔腾 ●celluloid赛璐珞；nylon尼龙 ●Hertz(Hz)赫兹（频率单位）；lumen流明（光通量单位） 3. 形译：英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译时汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫行译。例子如下： I-bar工字钢、工字条；O-ring环形圈；twist-drill麻花钻；X-ray X光；α-brass α黄铜[1] 4.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占有很大的比重，这类词如翻译成汉语，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例子如下： CPU：Central Processing Unit(中央处理器） ASCII：American Standard Code for Information Interchange（美国信息交换标准码） ATM：Asynchronous Transfer Mode(异步传输模式） 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种方法。例子如下： WTO（世界贸易组织）；UNESCO(联合国教科文组织）；WHO（世界卫生组织）；IOC （国际奥委会） 注[1]：指含锌量≤35%的铜锌合金。 .' Lexicology the is into linguistics, inquiring a branch of origins and meanings of words. Morphology different their and the : study of morpheme forms. Semantics the study of word meaning. ：Etymology: the study of the origin of words, and of their history and changes in their meaning. Stylistics : the study of the variation in language which is dependent on the situation in which the language is used and also on the effect the writer or speaker wishes to create on the reader or hearer Lexicography : the compiling of dictionaries. Synchronic study one or words at a : the study of word particular point in time. Diachronic study studies which to : an approach lexicology how a word (or words) changes over a period of time. 机械专业相关词汇中英文翻译大全 单价unit price 工日合计Man-day total/work-day total 人工费cost of labor 材料费materials expenses 机械的mechanical 检查接线connection test 发电机generator 调相机phase regulator 周波cycle 减负荷装置 load-shedding equipment 断路器柜circuit breaker cabinet 单母线single busbar 互感器transformer 每相电流Current by Phase 封闭式插接close type socket joint 发电机控制面板generator control panel 分级卸载sorted unloading 同步控制synchronization control 调速器 speed governor 信号屏signal screen 继电器relay 高压柜high pressure cabinet 油浸电力变压器oil-immersed power transformer 空气断路器air circuit breaker 控制屏control panel 直流馈电屏direct current feed control panel 电容器electric condenser 计量盘metering panel 成套配电箱whole set of distribution box 落地式floor model 控制开关Control switches 铜芯电力电缆Copper core power cable 控制电缆actuating cable 热缩式电力电缆终端头pyrocondensation power cable terminal 钢结构支架配管steel structure bracket tubing 万用槽钢versatile U-steel 电缆托架 cable bracket 钢制托盘式桥架steel Tray-type cable support system waterproof socket 防水插座 防爆插座Explosion-proof socket 接地绞线earthing twisted pair 接地母线 earthing bus 《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 (注：参考答案仅供参考。有些题目的答案并非是唯一的) Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) when it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”. 学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考 English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。 （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years另一个原因是发音比拼写的变化快，在一些时候还拉开了距离。在最近五百年里，尽管口语发音已经出现了显著的变化，却没有相应的拼写变化。 （3）some of the difference were created by the early scribes第三个原因是一些早期的书写员发明了一些不同。（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary最后借词来了，这是丰富英语词汇的重要途径。 （5）printing印刷已经变得非常普及。它有助于固定单词的拼写、standardization标准化使得拼写不容改变。、dictionary字典在拼写终结中得到好处。 —Old English,The speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. 古代英语中的口语比今天更忠实的代表书面语 —The written form of English is an imperfect representation of the spoken form。英语的书写是发音形式不完善的代表 4.What is vocabulary？ （1）Total number of the words in a language一个语言的单词综合 （2）Words used in a particular historical period 特殊历史时期使用的单词 （3）All the words of a dialect，a book ，a discipline...某个方言，书籍，学科中的所有单词 5.Classification of English Words：英语词汇由所有种类的词汇组成。它们可以根据不同的标 准或者不同的目的进行分类。 By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary根据使用频率，单词可以分为基础词和非基础词。 By notion:content words&functional words可以根据概念分成实词和虚词 机械专业英语词汇 陶瓷ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer 气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model 画法几何descriptive geometry 机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing 尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank科技英语翻译专业词汇-材料
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