北京第二外国语学院基础英语考研真题及详解（2013）
北京第二外国语学院2013年基础英语考研真题
I. Grammar (15 points)
Directions:There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1. It is necessary that an efficient worker ______ his work on time.
A. accomplishes
B. accomplish
C. will accomplish
D. has accomplished
2. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge ______ our thinking.
A. which to be based on
B. Which to be base upon
C. upon which to base
D. to which to be based
3. I think that the labor bill will pass; it?s ______ that it will.
A. almost surely
B. near positive
C. quite certainly
D. very likely
4. ______ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
A. As
B. What
C. That
D. It
5. My train arrives in Shenyang at seven o?clock tomorrow. The plane I would like to take from there ______ by then.
A. would leave
B. will have left
C. has left
D. had left
6. ______ the building did he realize that there was danger everywhere in it.
A. Upon entering
B. When he entered
C. Only after entering
D. After he had entered
7. ______ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.
A. Walking
B. When walking
C. When one is walking
D. Being walked
8. He will do anything for us except ______ us his oxen.
A. lending
B. lend
C. will lend
D. has lent
9. If only I ______ what you wanted!
A. knew
B. know
C. have known
D. had know
10. There is a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors that chief
attention ______ to the undertaking that is expected to bring highest profit.
A. should be given
B. is given
C. must be given
D. gives
11. Quarter horses can start more quickly, turn more sharply, and run faster over short courses
______ breeds can.
A. than other
B. than the other
C. than others
D. than the others
12. I wish you ______ Jim so much. He is still very depressed.
A. not to hurt
B. didn?t hurt
C. hadn?t hurt
D. would not hurt
13. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary ______ it helps us to correct our mistakes.
A. such that
B. in that
C. so that
D. with that
14. The office staff ______ gathered to hear the manager speak.
A. have
B. are
C. is
D. has
15. The workers are practicing ______ a new song for the coming evening party of the New Year?s
Eve.
A. to sing
B. to be singing
C. being sung
D. singing
II. Vocabulary (15 points)
Directions:There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1. His speech was careful and ______ but his words seemed to make no sense.
A. distinct
B. distinctive
C. distinguished
D. distinguishable
2. The interpreter gave only a ______ version of the old man?s long rambling account.
A. compressed
B. minimum
C. condensed
D. memorized
3. She has a small machine for ______ coffee beans.
A. splashing
B. grinding
C. splitting
D. breaking
4. The energy gained from the sun can then be used during the night to enable the necessary chemical reactions to ______ in his body.
A. proceed
B. progress
C. precede
D. practice
5. I let children make their own decisions now they are older; I wouldn?t ______ to interfere.
A. resume
B. assume
C. force
D. presume
6. We should ______ with the difficulties we were confronted with.
A. acquaint
B. contend
C. brood
D. accord
7. ______ of half-staving foxes were roaming the snow-covered mountain areas.
A. Crowds
B. Herds
C. Packs
D. Flocks
8. While the population of the United States includes a great variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds, Korea?s population is ______.
A. autonomous
B. ambitious
C. homogeneous
D. hegemonic
9. When Tasuma first came to the U. S. from Japan, he wasn?t sure he could ______ into American culture, but after a few months, he felt at home here.
A. absorb
B. transform
C. digest
D. assimilate
10. A(n) ______ annoyance of bus terminals is the abundance of exhaust fumes.
A. inherent
B. detected
C. regular
D. extensive
11. Whereas sudden great disasters are instantaneous, others, such as droughts, are ______.
A. cumulative
B. formidable
C. eternal
D. prospective
12. To help students understand how we see, teachers often draw a(n) ______ between an eye and
a camera.
A. contrast
B. analogy
C. metaphor
D. image
13. In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe ______ Europe
into a great war.
A. imposed
B. pitched
C. inserted
D. plunged
14. The constitution of the State required that property should be ______ for taxation at its market
value.
A. estimated
B. appraised
C. evaluated
D. valued
15. The tourists are told that the remotest village in this area is only ______ by a river.
A. accessible
B. available
C. obtainable
D. achievable
III. Cloze (30 points)
Directions:There are TWO passages in this part. Each passage has 15 blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Cloze 1
Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of a(n) ______ (1) should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, ______ (2), most persons make several job choices during their working live, partly ______ (3) economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their positions. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should therefore ______ (4) into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a field of ______ (5) rather than for a single job.
Unfortunately many young people, knowing little about the occupational world or themselves for that matter, choose their lifework ______ (6) a hit-or-miss basis. Some ______ (7) from job to job. Others ______ (8) to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for ______ (9) real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students—or their parents—choose the professional field, ______ (10) both the relatively small proportion of work vacancies in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal ______ (11). The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “white-collar” job is ______ (12) good reason for choosing it as a life?s wor k. ______ (13), these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious consideration to these fields.
Before making an “occupational choice”, a person should have a general idea of what he wants ______ (14) life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take ______ (15) for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.
1. A. academy B. occupation C. guidance D. identification
2. A. therefore B. so C. though D. however
3. A. in case of B. for C. because of D. to
4. A. enter B. participate C. involve D. join
5. A. careers B. professions C. prospects D. work
6. A. with B. by C. on D. at
7. A. flow B. wander C. jump D. drift
8. A. stick B. turn C. adhere D. subscribe
9. A. its B. their C. / D. the
10. A. to have disregarded B. to disregard
C. disregarding
D. disregard
11. A. preparations B. requirements C. specifications D. preferences
12. A. such B. no C. very D. so
13. A. Moreover B. Otherwise C. Nevertheless D. Still
14. A. in B. within C. out of D. beyond
15. A. advantage B. patience C. turns D. risks
Cloze 2
The “standard of living” of any country means the average person?s sha re of the goods and services the country produces. A country?s standard of living, ______ (1), depends first and
______ (2) on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth” in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money ______ (3) on things that money can buy “goods” such as food and clothing, and “services” such as transport and“______(4)” A country?s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of ______(5) have an effect on one another. Wealth depends ______(6) a great extent upon a co untry?s natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a ______ (7) climate; other regions possess none of them.
Next to natural resources ______ (8) the ability to turn them to use. ______(9) and stable political conditions, and ______(10) from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well ______ (11) by nature but less well ordered.
A country?s standard of living does not only depend upon the. wealth that is produced and consumed ______(12) it own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. For example, Britain?s wealth in foodstuffs and other agri cultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on ______ (13) grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would ______(14) be lacking. A coun try?s wealth i s, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, ______(15) that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.
1. A. however B. therefore C. nevertheless D. furthermore
2. A. primary B. principal C. foremost D. uniquely
3. A. or B. nor C. but D. except
4. A. entertainment B. enlightenment C. recreation D. refreshment
5. A. if B. them C. which D. that
6. A. with B. for C. on D. to
7. A. neutral B. favorable C. virtuous D. marine
8. A. comes B. come C. gets D. get
9. A. Strong B. Sturdy C. Sound D. Robust
10. A. liberty B. freedom C. prevention D. liberation
11. A. assisted B. avenged C. rescued D. served
12. A. with B. within C. near D. without
13. A. those B. what C. that D. it
14. A. likely B. likewise C. certainly D. otherwise
15. A. provided B. depended C. given D. supposed
IV. Reading Comprehension: (30 points)
Section A (10 points)
Directions:The following passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter in the provided space on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
New parents are annoying. They think you want to hear about every gurgle and baby-step. But it could be worse. When your boss has a sprog, watch your wallet.
A study to be published next month in Administrative Science Quarterly looks at what happens to workers? pay when a male boss has a child. Researchers tracked salaries at every firm in Denmark with more than ten employees between 1996 and2006. (They confined themselves to male bosses partly because the sample of female bosses was too small.)
Male bosses, it turns out, pay themselves significantly more once they become fathers. Even after controlling for factors such as age, length of tenure and the performance of the firm, the study found that bosses with daughters pay themselves 3.5% more than childless ones. If they have a son, that increases to a hefty 6.4%. David Ross of Columbia Business School, one of the authors, says all fathers feel a duty to support their families. For grunts this means working harder. Bosses have the more agreeable option of raising their own wages.
This is bad n ews for underlings. That extra money comes out of workers? pockets; the study finds: Staff employed by a father is typically paid less. The amount depends on such things as the sex of the baby and whether it is his first child. Male employees bear the brunt: if the boss?s child is a son, for example, they can expect 0. 5% less salary than if he hadn?t reproduced.
Female staff are better. After their boss?s first child, they can expect to be paid a little more. Mr. Ross speculates that this might be because, having seen their wives go through childbirth, they start to respect women more. Alas, such goodwill doesn?t last. Once the boss has a second child, female workers? wages are likely to fall, just like men?s. (310 words)
1. According to the passage, which of the following describes the study correctly?
A. It was conducted by a Denmark firm.
B. It was a large-scale and longitudinal study.
C. It was a systematic and time consuming study.
D. It tracked the salaries of ten employees from every firm.
2. According to the passage, once they become fathers, male bosses tend to ______.
A. pay more to those with sons.
B. make the firm earn more money.
C. differ due to factors such as age etc.
D. take more money from their underlings.
3. The study reveals that upon stepping into fatherhood,
A. both bosses and employees need to earn more money.
B. bosses and employees differ in their options of duty.
C. employees need to work harder than bosses.
D. bosses are more agreeable than employees.
4. What does the sentence “Male employees bear the brunt” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Male employees are angry.
B. Male employees suffer most.
C. Male employees differ from others.
D. Male employees complain about the situation.
5. After the boss?s first child, compared with males, female w orkers are
A. in a different situation.
B. paid a little bit more.
C. more respected.
D. just like men.
Section B (20 points)
Directions:Read the following two passages carefully and briefly answer questions in complete sentences on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
On July 15th, a chilly evening in Berlin, around 3,000 people flocked to the Brandenburg Gate to watch a free open-air screening of Charlie Chaplin?s 1940 film “The Great Dictator”. It was the fi rst night of “Chaplin Complete”, a festival run by the city?s Babylon cinema, which is showing all 80 Chaplin films in 24 days. But the crowds also came to see Geraldine Chaplin, Charlie?s eldest daughter, who opened proceedings.
“This is an historic moment,” she said to me at the Adlon hotel, a short walk from the Brandenburg Gate, the day before the opening. “My father walked through history and he became history and now his film is shown here.”
Her father also stayed at the Adlon on a visit to Berlin in 1931, on a promotional trip for his last and most successful silent film, “City Lights”. Although he missed the premiere—a pro-Nazi media campaign defaming Chaplin as an “anti-German warmonger” and an “American film-Jew”forced him to abscond to Vienna ahead of time—Geraldine is convinced the visit left a mark on her father. The Nazis didn?t come to power until 1933, but she says that Chaplin?s visit “was the moment he started to be fascinated with Hitler”.
Geraldine recounts an interview Chaplin gave to Life magazine in the 1970s, when he was asked what he thought of Hitler?s acting style. “Well, it was very oratory,” he said, “and a little bit over the top. The gestures were maybe just a little bit too big, which made me think, …This man does not have much confidence in himself.?He must have had someone back there behind the scenes saying to him, …You are doing good. You are doing great, guy.?” Geraldine suggests that these views of Hitler informed her father?s performance in “The Great Dictator”, his firs t talking picture and one of his most successful.
The only time Geraldine heard her father speak about Berlin was through a closed door. “I did a lot of eavesdropping,” she says. She remembers hearing Chaplin telling a German friend, “In Berlin I fell in l ove”, and then she “heard this name which wasn?t my mother?s.” Shocked, she ran to the kitchen, where her mother was cooking, but she didn?t dare tell her what she had heard. “She then chuckles, adding,o f course, it was Nefertiti that he?d fallen in love with.” He was talking about the famous bust of the wife of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten, which sits in Berlin?s Neues Museum.
“Chaplin Complete” is the second silent film season organised by the Babylon. Ten of the screenings will be accompanied by the Chamber Orchestra Potsdam. Timothy Brock, who is conducting the performances, has been working since 2000 to restore all the original scores from Chaplin?s silent films. Geraldine is certain her father would approve. “He loved big audiences,” she says. “He also liked to watch his own films.” So do Berliners—recent screenings of “City Lights” and “The Gold Rush” both earned rapturous standing ovations. Timothy Grossman, head of the festival, is cheered. “The audiences? response and enthusiasm tell me that Cha rlie Chaplin is reaching people?s hearts to this day.” (525 words)
6. What does Geraldine Chaplin mean by saying “My father walked through history and he became history” (Paragraph 2)?
7. How was Charlie Chaplin?s visit to Berlin in 1931?
8. What is the pr oblem Chaplin found in Hitler?s acting style?
9. Who did Chaplin fall in love with in Berlin?
10. Why did Geraldine think her father would approve Timothy Brock?s practice?
Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
The idea that the human personality is a blank slate, to be written upon only by experience, prevailed for most of the second half of the 20th century. Over the past two decades, however, that notion has been undermined. Studies comparing identical with non-identical twins have helped to establish the heritability of many aspects of behaviour, and examination of DNA has uncovered some of the genes responsible. Recent work on both these fronts suggests that happiness is highly heritable.
As any human being knows, many factors govern whether people are happy or unhappy. External circumstances are important: employed people are happier than unemployed ones and better-off people than poor ones. Age has a role, too: the young and the old are happier than the middle-aged. But personality is the single biggest determinant: extroverts are happier than introverts, and confident people happier than anxious ones.
That personality, along with intelligence, is at least partly heritable is becoming increasingly clear; so, presumably, the tendency to be happy or miserable is, to some extent, passed on through DNA. To try to establish just what that extent is, a group of scientists from University College, London examined over 1,000 pairs of twins from a huge study on the health of American ad olescents. They conclude that about a third of the variation in people?s happiness is heritable. That is along the lines of, though a little lower than, previous estimates on the subject.
But while twin studies are useful for establishing the extent to which a characteristic is heritable, they do not finger the particular genes at work: One of the researchers, Jan-Emmanuel De Neve has tried to do just that, by picking a popular suspect—the gene that encodes the serotonin-transporter protein, a molecule that shuffles a brain messenger called serotonin through cell membranes—and examining how variants of that gene affect levels of happiness.
Serotonin is involved in mood regulation. Serotonin transporters are crucial to this job. The serotonin-transporter gene comes in two functional variants—long and short. The long one-produces more transporter-protein molecules than the short one. People have two versions (known as alleles) of each gene, one from each parent. So some have two short alleles, some have two lon g ones, and the rest have one of each. The adolescents in Dr De Neve?s study were asked to grade themselves from very satisfied to very dissatisfied. Dr De Neve found that those with one long allele were8% more likely than those with none to describe themselves as very satisfied; those with two long alleles were 17% more likely.
Which is interesting. Where the story could become controversial is when the ethnic origins of the volunteers are taken into account. All were Americans, but they were asked to classify themselves by race as well. On average, the Asian Americans in the sample had 0.69 long genes, the black Americans had 1.47 and the white Americans had 1.12.
That result sits comfortably with other studies showing that, on average, Asian countries report lower levels of happiness than their GDP per head would suggest.
African countries, however, are all over the place, happiness wise. But that is not surprising, either. Africa is the most genetically diverse continent, because that is where humanity evolved. Black Americans, mostly the descendants of slaves carried away from a few places in west Africa,
cannot possibly be representative of the whole continent.
These studies may be a few steps too far along the road to genetic determinism for some people. But there is growing interest in the study of happiness, not just among geneticists but also among economists and policymakers dissatisfied with current ways of measuring humanity?s achievements. Future work in this field will be read avidly in those circles. (622 words)
11. Why was the traditional idea of human personality undermined?
12. What do the studies on the extent to which happiness is heritable show?
13. What does Jan-Emmanuel De Neve?s study reveal?
14. According to the statistics from the passage, which ethnic group(s) may be more likely born to
be happy?
15. What is the author?s attitude towards the studies mentioned in the passage?
V. Translation (30 points)
Section A (15 points)
Directions:Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.
As disasters go, this one was terrible, but not unique, certainly not among the worst on the roster of U. S. air crashes. There was the unusual element of the bridge, of course, and the fact that the plane clipped it at a moment of high traffic, one routine thus intersecting another and disrupting both. Then, too, there was the location of the event. Washington, the city of form and regulations, turned chaotic, deregulated, by a blast of real winter and a single slap of metal on metal. The jets from Washington National Airport that normally swoop around the presidential monuments like famished gulls are, for the moment, emblemized by the one that fell; so there is that detail.
Section B (15 points)
Directions:Translate the following paragraph into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.
19世纪中叶，西方列强用炮舰打开中国封闭的门户，内忧外患导致中国逐步成为半殖民地半封建社会，国家积贫积弱、战乱不己，民不聊生。在民族存亡的危急关头，无数仁人志士前仆后继，苦苦追寻变革救亡之路。1911年的辛亥革命，结束了统治中国几千年的君主专制制度，激励中国人民为争取民族独立和国家富强而斗争。然而，这些探索和斗争都未能改变中国半殖民地半封建的社会性质和中国人民的悲惨命运。中国共产党肩负民族的期望，带领中国人民进行了艰苦卓绝的奋斗，于1949年建立了中华人民共和国，实现了民族独立、人民解放，开创了中国历史新纪元。
VI. Writing (30 points)
Directions:Read the following topic. Write on your Answer Sheet a composition of about 200 words. Be sure to provide a title for your composition and write in paragraphs.
Topic: Helping strangers used to be considered as a virtue. But nowadays people tend to be very cautious of strangers. They are afraid that helping others can sometimes bring them trouble. What?s your opinion?
参考答案及解析
I. Grammar ( 15 points / 1 point each)
1.B 句意：一个高效的工人按时完成工作是必要的。本句中it作形式主语，真正主语为that
引导的从句。在it?s necessary +that...的结构中，that 引导的主语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。
2.C 句意：我们不可能在脱离事实的基础上得出有价值的观点，因为我们的思想需要理论
作为基础。本题后半句原句应为：base our thinking upon factual knowledge，在做定语时，介词upon需要提前，并用which来完善结构。
3.D 句意：我认为劳动法案很可能会获得通过。本句中缺少表语，句中只能填形容词，故
用almost likely。A项可改为almost certain。B项可改为nearly possible。C项可改为quite certain。
4.A 句意：正如人们普遍认为的那样，经济增长是由生产的顺利发展所决定的。本题主要
考察as引导的非限制性定语从句，as放在句首意为：正如。本句还可改为：It is generally accepted that economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production。5.B 句意：火车明天七点到达沈阳。那时我要在沈阳坐的飞机已经起飞了。飞机起飞，是
今晚七点的事情，还没有发生，因而用将来时。而我晚上七点到达沈阳时，飞机已经起飞了，要用完成时。因此本句中要用一般将来时的完成时，表示未来某个时间已经完成的动作。
6.C 句意：只有在进入大楼后，他才感到危机四伏。本句结构为倒装句，而选项中只有C
能引起倒装。
7.C 句意：当一个人在晴朗日子里漫步，远离城市的喧嚣。山林会给他无限平和的感觉。
本句下半句的主语为mountain，但上半句的动作为walk，因此可推知上半句主语为人，而一个句子中出现两个主语的时候需要连词连接，并且不可省略，因此选C。
8.B 句意：除了不借给我们牛，他会为我们做任何事情。介词except后面的不定时，当except
前面出现动词do时，其后的不定式经常不带to。而当前面没有出现动词do时，其后的不定式经常带to。
9.D 句意：要是我那时知道你想要什么该多好啊！wanted为过去式，if only后面表示对过
去的假设，因此用过去完成时。
10.A 句意：董事会一致认为要把主要注意力放在那些预计能带来高利润的企业。
understanding后面的同位语从句中的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。
11.A 句意：在短道上，四分之一英里赛马比其它品种的马起步要快，转弯要急，跑得也更
快。本句中没有说明只有两种马，不用特指，因此不用the。other breeds指其他的一些品种。
12.C 句意：我希望你没有深深的伤害吉姆，他现在仍然十分沮丧。本题考查wish后面的
虚拟语气，hadn?t hurt表示对过去的虚拟。
13.B 句意：批评与自我批评非常重要，因为它会帮助我们改正错误。两个短句之间为因果
关系，故选B。in that因为。such that如此…以至于。so that以便。with that于是；
然后就。
14.A 句意：办公室的工作人员集合起来听经理讲话。staff为集合名词，意为：全体工作人
员，通常被看做复数名词，因此谓语动词要与复数形式。
15.D 句意：工人们正在为除夕晚会练习场一首新歌。本题主要考察语法，practice +doing
练习做某事。
II. Vocabulary (15 points)
1.A 句意：他措辞谨慎、清晰，但似乎没说明什么。distinct明显的，清楚的；清晰的。distinctive
有特色的。distinguishable可辨别的。distinguished卓越的，杰出的。
2.C 句意：口译员对老人喋喋不休的描述只做了简要翻译。condensed缩短的，缩写的。
minimum最低的；最小的。tiny极小的，微小的。compressed压缩的；压紧的,不能指语言。
3.B 句意：她有一台磨咖啡豆的小机器。grind磨碎。splash溅；泼。split劈开，分开。break
打破；折断。
4.A 句意：从太阳获得的能量在夜晚被利用，这使得他体内继续进行必要的化学反应。
proceed 继续进行；开始。progress 前进；进步。precede 领先；在…之前。practice 练习。
5.D 句意：现在孩子们大了，我让他们自己作决定，我决不擅自干涉。presume 擅自；假
设。resume 重新开始，继续。assume 承担；假定。force 促使；强迫。
6.B 句意：我们应该与我们面临的困难进行斗争。contend搏斗，争斗。acquaint使认识，
介绍相识。brood (不高兴地)想;沉思，考虑，后常接over。accord相符合，相和谐。7.C 句意：一群群饿得半死的狐狸在冰雪覆盖的山区游荡。pack(野兽，飞禽等)一群。crowd
主要指“人群”。herd牧群(尤指牛群)。flock畜群(尤指羊群)。
8.C 句意：美国的人口有各种各样的种族背景，而韩国人口则是同一种族。homogeneous
同类的;同性质的;同特征的。autonomous自治的。ambitious有野心的;有抱负的。
anonymous匿名的。
9.D 句意：当Tasuma第一次从日本来到美国时，他不相信自己能溶入美国文化。可是过
了几个月，他就感觉像在自己家似的。assimilate同化；融进，常与to, into连用。absorb 吸收。transform 改变。digest 消化；领悟，理解。
10.A 句意：公共汽车站固有的一种令人讨厌的东西就是它弥漫着的废气味。inherent 内在
的，固有的。detected 检测到的。regular 有规则的；定期的；正规的。extensive 广大的，广泛的。
11.A 句意：突然发生的灾难往往是瞬间的，而像干旱这样的灾难则是日积月累的。
cumulative 累积的。formidable 强大的；可怕的。eternal 永恒的，不朽的。prospective 未来的；预期的。
12. B 句意：老师为了帮助学生了解我们是怎样看东西,经常用相机与我们的眼睛来作比较。
analogy（相似的事物之间）类比，类推。contrast（对立的事物之间）对比。metaphor 暗喻，隐喻。image影像。
13.D 句意：1914年，东欧偏远地区的意见微不足道的事件让欧洲陷入了一场巨大的战争。
plunge into 使突然陷入或呈现出；impose 强加；利用。pitch into 把…扔进。insert into 把…插入。
14.B 句意：该州宪法规定财产税款应当在其市场价值的基础上评定。appraise 评价，估价，
强调专家的判断。estimate 估计，评估，多指不确定的估计。evaluate 评价，估价，指为查明事情的本质而进行的大量的判断与分析。value 评价，多指具体的事物；重视。
15.A 句意：游客们得知最远的村庄只能通过水路到达。accessible可进入的；可得到的。
available有效的；可用的。obtainable可得到的。achievable可完成的；可达到的。III. Cloze (30 points)
Cloze 1
1.B 名词词义辨析题。句意：因此，理想条件下，人们甚至应该先选择工作，然后再选择
高中课程。根据文章第一句话“Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training（大多数有价值的职业要求一定的专业训练）”，可知此处对应的是occupation （职业）的选择。academy学院。guidance指导。identification鉴定，识别。
2.D 逻辑关系题。句意：然而，事实上，大部分人在其职业生涯中做了多次的工作选择。
根据上下文中对应的两个副词ideally（理想地）和actually（事实上），可以分析得出上下两句为转折关系，因此用however。
3.C 介词词义辨析题。句意：部分原因在于经济和工业的改变。前半句阐述“大部分人在
其职业生涯中做出多次工作的选择”这种现象，后半句在分析出现这种现象的原因，因此用because of。in case of万一。
4.A 动词词义辨析题。句意：因此，年轻人应该加入广泛灵活的培训计划。enter into加入，
参加，符合题意。participate指在感情、观念或行为方面与他人共同参加某一活动，常与介词in连用。involve涉及；包含。join指加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，以及参军等，还可表示参与某种活动，常与介词in连用。
5.D 名词词义辨析题。句意：让自己将来能够胜任某个领域的工作。相对于下文的job，可
知此处应填work，泛指工作。career事业。profession专业，强调职业的，专业的。a field of work某个领域的工作。
6.C 介词词义辨析题。句意：他们盲目地选择自己的终身职业。on basis在…的基础上，为
固定搭配。hit-or-miss无计划的；随意的。
7.D 动词词义辨析题。句意：有些人换了一个又一个工作。根据上下文推测此处应为“不
断跳槽”的意思，drift from job to job从一个工作跳到另一个工作。wander徘徊；漫步。
8.A 动词词义辨析题。句意：另外一些人死抱着不适合自己的工作，感受不到工作的乐趣。
本句与上文是在描述两类人：一类是不断地跳槽，一类是死抱着不喜欢的工作。故选A。
9.A 事实细节题。句意：人们常犯的一个错误，是为了某个职业或真实，或耽于幻想的名
声而选择它。本初所填的词指代的是“an occupation”,因此用its。
10.C 语法题。句意：却完全不曾考虑这个行业所需相对有限的从业者数。本题要填disregard
的某种形式，空格前半句话已有主语和谓语，又由于该句主语是动词disregard的逻辑主语，表主动，故用现在分词disregarding。
11.B 名词词义辨析题。句意：极高的教育背景和个人能力要求。requirement要求；必要条
件，符合题意。preparation 预备，准备。specification规格；说明书。preference偏好。
12.B 副词词义辨析题。句意：有声誉的职业和白领职业并不能成为择业的原因。上文讲述
选择职业时的常见错误，因此本句应填入一个否定词。
13.A 逻辑关系题。句意：此外，这些职业的待遇并不是很好。本句是继续对上文所说的错
误进行否定，表达一种递进的关系，因此用moreover。otherwise否则。nevertheless 然而。
14.C 介词词义辨析题。句意：一个人应该有一个大概的想法，自己要从生活中得到什么。
只有out of 符合题意。
15.D 名词词义辨析题。句意：其他人想要冒险得到金钱上的回报。此处所填的词应与
security对照，因此选risk。take risk承担风险，为固定搭配。advantage优势。patience 耐心。turn转弯；变化。
Cloze 2
1.A 逻辑关系题。句意：然而，一个国家的生活水平取决于它创造财富的能力。上文提到
“The “standard of living” of any country means the average person?s share of the goods and services the country produces”，也就是说：任何一个国家的生活水平，指的是那个国家生产的产品和提供的服务为普通老百姓分享的情况。两句之间为转折关系，因此用however。therefore因此。nevertheless然而，侧重于表示让步，尽管如此的意思。
furthermore此外。
2.C 形容词词义辨析题。句意：然而，一个国家的生活水平首先取决于它创造财富的能力。
first and foremost首要的是；首先，为固定搭配。primary主要的，基本的，侧重于指在阶层，质量或重要性上处于首要的或最高的。principal主要的。uniquely独特的。
3.C 逻辑关系题。句意：因为我们生存靠的不是钱，而是靠钱能买到的东西。not … but不
是…而是，为固定搭配。
4.A 名词词义辨析题。句意：交通和娱乐等服务。本句中应填一种“service（服务）”，故
为entertainment娱乐。enlightment启蒙。recreation消遣。refreshment点心；回复。5.C 语法题。句意：一个国家生产财富的能力取决于很多因素，这些因素大部分都相互影
响。本句为非限制性定语从句，which指代上文中factors。
6.D 固定搭配题。句意：财富很大程度上取决于一个国家的自然资源。depend on取决于，
为固定搭配。
7.B 形容词词义辨析题。句意：世界上有些地区煤矿和矿物质的储量丰富，土壤肥沃，气
候适宜。fertile soil与climate为并列关系，因此此处应填“适宜的”，故用favorable。
neutral中立的。virtuous善良的；正直的。marine海洋的。
8.A 动词词义辨析题。句意：得到自然资源的下一步就是要有能力使用它们。此处come
为“落到；降临（到某个方面）”的意思。
9.C 形容词词义辨析题。句意：健康稳定的政治环境。sound健康的；可靠地。sturdy坚定
的，健全的。robust强健的，健康的，多指身体强壮。
10.B 名词词义辨析题。句意：免受外来入侵。free from使摆脱；免于，为固定搭配，此处
用其名词形式freedom。liberty（抽象意义上的）自由，偏向于政治经济和人权上的解放。liberation解放。
11.D 动词词义辨析题。assist帮助。avenge复仇。rescue营救。serve提供。此处意为“大
自然提供的资源”，因此选served。
12.B 介词词义辨析题。句意：一个国家的生活水平不仅仅依靠于其国内生产和消费的财富。
根据下文“but”及“international trade国际贸易”，可知此处应填within。
13.A 事实细节题。句意：英国如果仅依靠国内种植的粮食及农作物，那么它的财产就会少
很多了。此处those指代上文中的foodstuffs和agricultural products。
14.D 副词词义辨析题。句意：将生产出的多余的产品与国外农产品进行交易，否则就会出
现粮食短缺现象。otherwise否则。likewise同样地。
15.A 动词词义辨析题。句意：因此，一个国家如果能找到产品出口国，那么其财富会深受
生产力的影响。provided假如，倘若，在…条件下。suppose猜想。
IV. Reading Comprehension: (30 points)
Section A (10 points)
Passage 1
1.B 事实细节题。根据文章第二段第二句话“Researchers tracked salaries at every firm in
Denmark with more than ten employees between 1996 and2006（研究人员在1996年至2006年期间调查了丹麦超过十人的公司员工的薪水情况）”，可知这项研究“was a large-scale and longitudinal study(一个大型的纵向研究)”，因此选B。
2.D 事实细节题。根据文章第三段第一句“Male bosses, it turns out, pay themselves
significantly more once they become fathers”即：男老板一旦成为父亲，其工资会显著增加。第四段第二句“That extra money comes out of workers? pockets（多余的钱来自工人的工资）”，因此可选出D项。underling下属，部下。
3.A 事实细节题。文章第三段倒数第三句“all fathers feel a duty to support their families”指
出：所有的父亲都会感到有挣钱养家的责任。据此选A。
4.B 词汇题。bear the brunt首当其冲；承受打击，为固定短语。因此B项男职员是最受罪
的，为正确答案。
5.A 事实细节题。根据文章最后的一段第二句“After their boss?s first child, they can expect to
be paid a little more（老板有了第一个孩子后，她们的工资会有所增加）”，可知女性员工与男性员工的境遇不同，故选A。文中只提到女性工资会有所增加，并没有说明是否比男性员工的工资高，因此B项不正确。
Section B (20 points)
Passage 2
6. Charlie Chaplin experienced different stages in history and he himself became an important figure in history.
(本题主要考察学生归纳总结的能力。通读全文可以知道Chaplin经历过很多历史阶段，最终成为历史上一位重要的人物，受到人们的喜爱。)
7. He met some difficulties posed by pro-Nazi media campaign, while the visit “left a mark” on him.
(文章第三段写到1931年Chaplin去柏林是为了宣传电影《城市之光》，期间受到了纳粹支持者的阻碍，给Chaplin留下了不可磨灭的印象。)
8. The gestures were too big.
(文章第四段中写到Chaplin在接受采访时说道：“The gestures were maybe just a little bit too big（这些动作也许有些太夸张了）。”)
9. He fell in love with the bust of Nefertiti in Be rlin?s Neues Museum.
(文章倒数第二段最后写到“it was Nefertiti that he?d fallen in love with ,He was talking about the famous bust of the wife of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten, which sits in Berlin?s Neues Museum”。)
10. Chaplin would approve Broc k?s practice because he loved big audiences and Brock brought
audiences.
(文章最后一段中间部分说““He loved big audiences”即：Chaplin喜欢看到大量的观众，而且“recent screenings of “City Lights” and “The Gold Rush” both earned rapturous standing ovations”，由Brock修复的像《城市之光》和《淘金记》都获得了欢呼。)
Passage 3
11. The traditional idea was undermined because recent studies on heritability and DNA prove it is
not so.
(文章第一段第二句“Studies comparing identical with non-identical twins have helped to establish the heritability of many aspects of behavior, and examination of DNA has uncovered some of the genes responsible”，即：通过对同卵和异卵双胞胎的研究可以知道行为的许多方面是可遗传的，而且通过检查DNA也揭示了这种遗传是通过基因完成的。这种结论与传统观点不相符。)
12. They show that a third of the variation in people?s happiness is heritable, which proves, though
a little lower than, previous estimates on the subject.
(文章第三段最后两句“They conclude that about a third of the variation in people?s happiness is heritable. That is along the lines of, though a little lower than, previous estimates on the subject”即为此题答案依据。)
13. The two functional variants of the serotonin-transporter gene—long and short play an
important role in determining people?s happiness.
(文章第四段最后一句“examining how variants of that gene affect levels of happiness”。由此可知这项研究揭示了这两种基因对决定人们幸福起着重要作用。)
14. Africans are more likely to be born to be happy.
15. They may be too far along the road to genetic determinism, but they may reach out to other
fields.
(文章最后一段第一句话“These studies may be a few steps too far along the road to genetic determinism for some people. But there is growing interest in the study of happiness”，即为本题答案依据。)
V. Translation (30 points)
Section A (15 points)
就灾难来说，这一次很可怕，但不是绝无仅有，自然算不上美国空难史上之最。当然，与以往不同的是这次有桥。飞机在交通高峰期撞到桥上，空中线路切断陆上线路，双双陷于瘫痪。再者，还有出事地点。华盛顿，这个布局合理、秩序井然的城市，被隆冬的一阵炸响和金属之间的碰撞搅得混乱不堪。一时间，那架坠落的飞机就成了那些惯常从华盛顿国家机场起飞、像觅食的海鸥一般绕着总统纪念建筑物群盘旋的喷气式飞机的象征：于是有了那样的描述。
Section B (15 points)
In the mid-19th century, Western powers forced open China?s door with gunboats. Internal turmoil and foreign aggression gradually turned China into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The country became poor and weak, and the people suffered from wars and chaos. Facing imminent danger of national subjugation, one generation of patriots after another fought hard to find a way to reform and save the nation. The Revolution of 1911 put an end to the system of monarchy which had ruled China for several thousand years, and inspired the Chinese people to struggle for independence and prosperity. However, such efforts and struggle failed to change the nature of China as a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, or lift the Chinese people out of misery. Living up to the people?s expectation, the CPC led them in carrying out arduous struggle, and finally founded the People?s Republic of China in 1949. This marked the realization of China?s independence and liberation of its people and ushered in a new epoch in China?s history.
VI. Writing (30 points)
Should We Help Strangers？
We used to appreciate those who like to help strangers. But nowadays people tend to be very cautious of strangers，because they are afraid that helping others can sometimes bring them trouble. In my opinion，we should try our best to help others in a reasonable way.
We should try to help others，no matter they are strangers or not. First，helping others is a virtue，and it will make our society more harmonious. Just imagine what a terrible world it would be if everyone was coldhearted！Second，to some extent，helping others is helping oneself. We may come across some trouble and need others? help some day. If everyone turns a blind eye to our trouble and turns a deaf ear to our appeal for aid just because we are strangers to them，what shall we do at that time？Therefore，we should be glad to help others.
However，helping others may sometimes bring us trouble or even put us in danger. So when we are helping others，we should also protect ourselves and offer our help in an appropriate way. For example，to help someone who was robbed，calling the police is a much wiser way than chasing the robbers alone.
2013考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第1篇 In an essay, entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.” Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers. In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius.
2012年课标全国卷高考真题解析样稿示例 第一节单项填空 21. A9 【2015·课标北京卷】___________ the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up every early. A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch 【答案与解析】C 考查非谓语动词。根据语境，―为了赶上早航班，我们提前订了出租车‖，用不定式表示目的，此处需要目的状语。所以，选C。 22. A11 【2015·课标北京卷】—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes, we __________well by our hosts. A. were treated B. would be treated C. treated D. had treated 【答案与解析】A 考查动词时态和语态。根据上下文，这里谈的事举行过的一次聚会，应该用过去时，再加上―我们是被主人招待的‖，所以综合考虑，这里需要用过去时的被动式，选A. 23. A9【2015·课标北京卷】The park was full of people, _____________ themselves in the sunshine. A. having enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy 【答案与解析】C 考查非谓语动词。enjoying为现在分词做状语，充当句子的伴随状语，与前面的people形成逻辑上的主谓关系。所以选C。 24. A15【2015·课标北京卷】Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, __________ you can hear some lovely music. A. which B. that C. when D. where 【答案与解析】D 考查定语从句。空格前面是一个表示地点的专有名词St. Paul’s Church，其后的定语从句中有主语和谓语，缺失的是表示地点的状语，相当于―在这个教堂里‖，所以选D。 25. A6 【2015·课标北京卷】He is a shy man, ___________ he is not afraid of anything or anyone. A. so B. but C. or D. as 【答案与解析】B 考查并列句的连接词。根据语境，“他是个腼腆的人，但他并不怕任何事或任何人”。but用来连接并列但语义对比的两个句子。 26. A11【2015·课标北京卷】In the last few years, China __________ great achievements in environmental protection. A. has mad B. had made C. was making D. is making 【答案与解析】A 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in the last few years可知，在最近的几年里，是从过去到现在的情况，所以用现在完成时。 27. A11 【2015·课标北京卷】—Did you have any difficulty finding Ann’s house? —Not really. She _______________ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. A. was to give B. had given C. was giving D. would give
2017年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s w ork，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course
开放英语2复习题答案
《开放英语二》复习题I、单选题 A. Complete each sentence below by selecting the best answer from the options given. 1. - I haven't seen Belly for 10 years. - _B_____________ ____________ A. Either have I B. Neither have I C. Haven't I D. So have I 2. - What subjects are you studying? - ____C__________ _______________ ____. A. Yes, I'm studying history B. I'm studying now C. I'm studying philosophy D. I'm doing my homework 3. - I wonder if you could help me. - ___________D___ _______________ ____. A. I could B. Yes, I do C. No, not at all D. Of course 4. - Hurry up. The lecture begins at 2:00. - ____________A__
_______________ ____. A. Don't worry. We've got 20 minutes B. Thank you. No hurry C. Never mind. You go if you like D. The lecture is useful 5. - David, you've been losing your temper over nothing lately. - ____________C__ _______________ ____. A. I haven't been getting much sleep either B. You'd better not push yourself too hard, or you'll get sick C. I'm sorry. I shouldn't have blown up like that D. You'd better do exercises regularly 6. - Excuse me, I didn't mean to bother you. - ____________C__ _______________ ____. A. There's no problem B. It's a pleasure C. That's quite all right D. I didn't realize that
2013年10月真题解析 2013年10月高等教育自学考试 全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷真题解析 （课程代码00015） 本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 第一部分为选择题。考生必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂作答。 第二部分为非选择题。 第一部分选择题 一、阅读判断（第1—10题，共10分） 短文后列出10个句子，根据短文内容判断每个句子。A是正确，B是错误，C是文中未提及。 Farms Appear in Cities When you h ear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities. It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology for growing crops in doors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse. Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings — called vertical farming（垂直农业）— can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and weather. Though vertical farms don’t exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy. But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, Plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures. That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome —but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created. 【参考译文】 农场出现在城市里（城中农场） 当听到“农场”一词，你可能联想到乡下的母牛和庄稼等等。但科学家说，未来的农场可能会建在一些大城市的高楼里。 此事可能难以置信，可是事实上，在室内种庄稼已经存在了。城市里的农场已经出现，某些蔬菜已经在温室里生长。甚至在南极科考站，科学家们能享用他们在温室里自己栽种的新鲜蔬菜。 据专家们说室内农场可以解决许多问题。首先，传统农场占据大片土地。在高楼里种庄稼（称之为垂直农业）可以解决此问题。再者说，水果和蔬菜室内种植不会受到害虫和气候的威胁。 尽管垂直农场尚未成为现实，但是专家们已经在一些农场创建了再循环计划：把室内养鱼池的水用于浇灌农作物，把来自于农作物的废气用于建筑物的供热，来自于鸡和猪的粪便重新利用作为能源。 但是专家认为垂直农业并不是一件容易的事。他们说，控制室内气候环境是困难的。除此之外，植物对气候和光照需求有差异。例如，一些植物喜好温暖、阳光普照的气候，但另一些植物更喜欢较凉爽的温度。 并不是说这些困难不能克服——但是这将需要花时间。大多数专家指出，建立起第一个垂直农场可能需要五年到十五年的时间。 word “farm” may m ake you think of the countryside. Given [答疑编号0101]
2015年高考全国卷2英语试题解析 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） A My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salescler k fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm
2014年英语二真题解析 Section I Use of English 1．【答案】B concluded 【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。 2．【答案】A protective 【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。 3．【答案】C likewise 【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D 选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也，而且。因此正确答案为C。
4．【答案】A indicator 【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。A选项，表示指示器，指标。B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A。 5．【答案】D concern 【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。A．impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C．assistance(辅 助);D．concern(关注)。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D。 6．【答案】A in terms of 【解析】题干中,肥胖经常______体质指数，或称为BMI来定义。A．in terms of ，根据……，就……而言。B．In case of 表示在某种情况下， C．in favor of 表示赞成，以……来取代，D．in respect of，关于……。因此正确答案为A。在研究和临床测试中经常使用BMI作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标，希望考生能够记住这一背景知识，方便日后做题。 7．【答案】C equals
开放英语(1形成性考核册作业 1答案 选择题请在在选项上画√ 1、请自我评估一下目前的英语基础 你是否掌握了本课程作为起点要求的 600基础词汇:是否√ 2、你现有的词汇量约为 -:500词,熟练使用的词汇约为:300 3、请写出你认为自己已经掌握的内容:人称代词、冠词、一般现在时、词类、 there be的句型等的用法。 下面提供一些英语学习的方法, 供你参考。但请注意,语言的运用是一种技能,这种技能不是专靠技巧能够获得的, 必须要对学习的内容本身投入较多的时间和精力。只有通过大量而反复的练习,才能真正做到熟能生巧。 (根据实际选择行当的方法用√表示 1、把英语当成获取信息、交流的工具,让英语派上用场,也让自己从学习中找到乐趣 . 2、每周制订一份切实可行的学习计划 , 帮助自己安排学习时间 , 完成学习任务 . 3、我每天都会抽出一些时间学习英语,不间断地进行听说读写的练习。 4、记忆单词时不是孤立地死记硬背 , 而是通过例句来记住它的含义 \搭配 , 并试着用它造句来加深理解和记忆。 5、学习新单词时注意它的词性及其变化形式。例如,名词要区分是可数还是不可数, 如果是可数名词,还要了解它的复数形式;动词要分清是及物,还是不及物,以及它的各种变化形式(单数第三人称的变化形式; ing 形式等等。
6、在学习新的语法知识时注意把新知识与已经掌握的联系起来,并进行归纳总结,加深理解。 7、选择自己感兴趣的内容进行阅读,如小说、幽默故事等,以保证有足够的动力坚持下去。 8、看到好的的句子就把它摘抄下来,反复诵读。 9、先跟读音内容,尽量模仿其语音语调,然后再不跟录音自己大声朗读。将自己的朗读录下来与原录音内容进行比较,找出差距。 10选择一些难度适当的听力材料反复听然后进行听力练习,争取做到一字不漏。 11、营造听力的语言环境,如听英语广播、看英语电视节目,坚持每天都有语音输入, 锻炼自己的听力。 12、学完一篇课文后,将其译为汉语,然后不看原文再将汉语译文口译回英文,这样既作了复述练习, 又作了口语练习, 同时还发掘出一些学习课文时容易忽略的地道的英语用法。 13、经常选择身边非常熟悉的人或事物,用英语进行讲述。 14、说英语的时候不刻意追求语言形式上的完全正确, 而将注意力集中在要表达的意思上。 15、经常使用英英字典。 16、经常用英语记述一些身边发生的事情。 如果你有什么好的学习方法,可以写在这里和大家共享。 认真预习和巩固复习,加强听、说、读、写训练,经常上网学习,按时完成作业。 1、下列名词的复数形式。 Parent photo bus life half child woman tooth
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points） Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been2for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic only to 4itself several means of payment “would s oon revolutionize the very3of money itself,” years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so5in coming? Although e money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work6the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very7to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they9receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to10. Third, the use of paper checks it takes several days11a check is cashed and funds gives consumers several days of “float”— are12from the issuer s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.13electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may14security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information15there. The fact that this is not an16occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and17from someone else s accounts. The18of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to19security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic20that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy. 1. ［A］However
2015年高考全国卷2英语试题 第Ⅰ卷 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） A My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set. When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the sit is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble. 21. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set? A.He got an older model than he had expected. B He couldn’t return it when it was broken. B He could have bought it at a lower price. D He failed to find any movie shows on it. 22. Which of the following an best replace the phrase “signed off” in paragraph 1? A.ended all their programs B provided fewer channels C changed to commercials D showed all-night movies 23. How did the author finally get this TV set working again? A.By shaking and hitting it B By turning it on and off C By switching channels D By having it repaired
00015英语二试题及答案 发布日期：2016-01-04 10:09 来源：未知阅读：6927 【字体：大中小】 本套单元测试共10 题，共100 分。答题得分：100 分 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [1]I should like to rent a house,modern,comfortable and ___ in a qiuet environment. 得 分： 10分 答：D A before all B first of all C after all D above all 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [2]His few personal belongings make it possible for him to move from place to place __ _. 得 分： 10分 答：C A in ease B at ease C with ease D with easiness 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [3]Could you lend me some money? I'm very ______of cash at the moment.得 分： 10分 答：B A need B short C scarce D empty 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [4]It ______ exactly thirty years since I graduated from college. 得 分： 10分 答：B A was B has been C will be D had been
【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [5]He was completely ______ by her tale of hardship. 得 10分 分： 答：B A taken away B taken in C taking away D taken up 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [6]The team doctor insisted that the route _____ because of the possible danger. 得 10分 分： 答：C A could be changed B would be changed C be changed D might be changed 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [7]Problems can _____ when people have no knowledge of the law. 得 10分 分： 答：C A rise B jump C arise D lift 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [8]The _____ lady is believed to be the thief wanted by the police. 得 10分 分： 答：A A beautifully dressed B dressed beautifully C beautiful dressing D beautiful dress 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [9]The manager did not offer him the job because of his untidy _____.