2010职称英语课文

2010年职称英语理工类补全短文练习(1)Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and ____(1)____. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. They offer familiarization and workshop tours ____(2)____.Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. In this way agents learn ____(3)____ and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel - planes; ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases.Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely,____(4)____, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers, ____(5)____. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.A including car-rental and sight-seeing services.B so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.C in preparing effective advertising campaignsD as a result tourism is flouring in all countriesE hotels rely upon agenciesF to explain destinationsKEYS: CBFEA(2)Death controlA very important world problem-in fact, I am inclined to say it is the most important of all the great world problems________(1) _________-is the rapidly increasing pressure of population on land and on land resources.This enormous increase of population will create immense problems. By 2000 A.D., unless something desperate happens, there will be as many as 7,000,000,000 people on the surface of the earth! So this is a problem which you are going to see in your lifetime Why is this enormous increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and the practice of _________ (2)_______. You have heard of Birth Control? Death Control is something rather different. Death Control recognizes the work of the doctors and the nurses and the hospitals and the health services in keeping alive people who,_____(3)_____, Would have died of some of the incrediblyserious killing diseases , as they used to do. Squalid conditions, which we can remedy by an improved standard of living, caused a lot of disease and dirt. Medical examinations at school ca tch diseases early and ensure healthier school children. Scientists are at work stamping out malaria and other more deadly diseases. If you are seriously ill there is an ambulance to take you to a modern hospital. Medical care helps _____(4)______. We used to think seventy was a good age; now eighty, ninety, it may be , are coming to be recognized as a normal age for human beings. People are living longer because of this Death Control, and _____(5)_____, so the population of the world is shooting up.练习：A fewer children are dyingB a few years agoC what is coming to be called Death ControlD which face us at the present timeE making it possible for people to live longerF to keep people alive longerKeys: DCBFA（3）Ludwig van BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven, a major composer of the nineteenth century, overcame many personal problems to achieve artistic greatness.Born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770, be first studied music with the court organist, Gilles van der Eeden. His father was excessively strict and given to heavy drinking. When his mother died, Beethoven, ____(1)____, was named guardian of his two younger brothers. Appointed deputy court organist to Christian Gottlob Neefe at a surprisingly early age in 1782, Beethoven also played the harpsichord and the viola. In 1792 he was sent to Vienna by his patron, Count Ferdinand Waldstein, to study music under Haydn.Beethoven remained unmarried. Because of irregular payments from his publishers and erratic support from his patrons, ____(2)____. Continually plagued by ill health, he developed an ear infection which led to his tragic deafness in 1819.In spited of this handicap, ____(3)____. He completed mature masterpieces of great musical depth: three piano sonata, four string quartets, the Missa Solemnis, and the 9th Symphony. He died in 1827. His life was marked ____(4)____.Noting that Beethoven often flew into fits of rage, Goethe once said of him, "I am astonished by his talent, but he is unfortunately an altogether untamed personality." Although Beethoven’s personality ____(5)____, his music shows great discipline and control, and this is how we remember him best.A however, he continued to write musicB he was troubled by financial worries throughout his adult lifeC by a passionate dedication to independenceD then a young manE may have been untamedF his music has been loved over the past centuriesKEYS: DBACE(4)The development of agriculture and the balance between food and population are China’s fundamental economic problems. The classical histories praise emperors for devotion to agriculture and much of China’s modern history is ____(1)____, wh ich has been growing steadily.Today, although agriculture accounts for only a quarter of the Gross National Product, it is still the main determinant of the standard of living and the principal occupation of at least 70 percent of population.Agriculture also _____(2)____ because industry needs both agricultural raw materials and food for its work force. The failure of agriculture to supply raw material and food halted and later reversed the industrial progress of the 1950’s, After 1960 new emphasis wa s placed on agriculture, and the slogan "Agriculture is the foundation of the economy" has remained a central Chinese economic policy ever since.___(3)___, there is an indirect link due to the relationship between agriculture and foreign trade. Many of China’s exports are ___(4)___ or consumer goods based on them. Flourishing agriculture, therefore, promotes exports. It also reduces the need to spend foreign exchange on imports of grain and cotton, therefore __(5)___.练习：A determines the progress of industryB the story of the unfolding struggle to feed a peasant populationC either agricultural raw materialsD enlarging the capacity of the economy to import machinery and commodities for industryE In addition to the direct links between agriculture and industryF thus promoting both import and exportKEY : B A F C D5)Tests Show Women Suited for Space TravelBetween 1977 and 1981, three groups of American woman, ___(1)___, between the age of 35 and 65, were given month-long tests to determine how they would respond to conditions resembling those aboard the space shuttle.Though ___(2)___, the women were volunteers and the pay was barely above the minimum wage. They were not allowed ___(3)____ during the tests, and they were expected to tolerate each other’s company at close quarters for the entire period. Among other things they had to stand pressure three times the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks __(4)__. At the end of ten days, they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed, during which time they suffered backaches and other discomforts, and when they were finally allowed up, the more physically active women were especially subject to pains due to a slight calcium loss.Results of the tests suggest that women will have significant advantages over men in space. They need less food and les oxygen and they stand up to radiatio n better. Men’s advantages __(5)__, meanwhile, are virtually wiped out by the zero-gravity condition in space.EXERCISE:A): to smoke or drink alcoholB) carefully selected from among many applicantsC) numbering 27 in allD) in terms of strength and staminaE) those who are physically strongerF) while exhausted from strenuous physical exerciseKEY:C B A F D(6)Development in Newspaper OrganizationOne of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century ______(1)_______, which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue _______(2)________. Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story.Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers _______(3)______. A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and _______(4)______. Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined ________(5)_______. Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry.A. to play an important role in newspaper operationsB. was the growth of telegraph servicesC. and they usually enjoy great prestigeD. they are usually operated by a single ownerE. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costsF. owned by a single person or organizationKEY: BAFDE(7)The Building of the PyramidsThe oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems like that _____(1)_____. There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, ____(2)____. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape _____(3)_____. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids_____(4)____. However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning_____(5)_____. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to b overcome.EXERCISE:A for stone to use in modern buildingsB has made them less likely to fall into ruinC before they could begin to buildD because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preservedE while building the pyramidsF they will continue to stand for thousands of years yetKey:FABDC(8)Albert Einstein, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as "Person of the Century" by Time magazine on Sunday.A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius, Einstein has come torepresent_(1)_the flowering of 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology."The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic, but technological-technologies_(2)_," wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einstein's significance. "Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein."Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics."What we saw Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom's fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances_(3)_," said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become. He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school. He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams.In1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history. In his "Special Theory of Relativity," Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light. Everything else-mass, weight, space, even time itself-is a variable. And he offered the world his now-famous equation: energy equals mass times the speed of light squared-E=mc2."Indirectly, relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics, " Isaacson wrote in an essay___(4)____. "There was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also of truth and morality."Einstein's famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein, an avowed pacifist, signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did. Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the "Manhattan Project"_(5)_. Einstein did not work on the project.Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey in 1955.A.explaining Time's choicesB. how he thought of the relativity theoryC. more than any other personD. that secretly developed the first atomic weaponE. that flowed directly from advances in basic scienceF. that helped expand the growth of freedomKey: CEFAD(9)The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, "Contact: The first four minutes", he offers this advice to anyone __(1)___: "Every time you meet someone in a social situation,give him your undivided attention for four minutes. A lot of people’s whole lives would change if they did just that".You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. He keeps looking over the other person’s shoulder, as if __(2)__. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves".On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic, realizing that the other person has his own needs, fears, and hopes.Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I’m not a friendly, self-confident person. That’s not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way". ( 职称英语考试网 ) In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us __(3)__. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one."But isn’t it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don’t actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, ’total honesty" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger. That is not the time to complai n about one’s health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one’s opinions and impressions.Much of __(4)__ also applies to relationships with family members and friends. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on __(5)_. That is at least as important as how much we know.EXERCISE:A) Feel comfortable about changing our social habitsB) What has been said about strangersC) How we get along with other peopleD) Interested in starting new friendshipsE) Hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the roomF) Who are eager to make friends with everyoneKEY: D E A B C(10)Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases, designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image.Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, __(1)__. Since public relations involves communications with stockholders, financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in tune with marketing efforts. Poor communication and no coordination may be the consequences. __(2)__, this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other components of the public image mix.Publicity may be in the form of news releases ___(3)___. Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department, as it can provide a useful adjunct to the regular advertising. Furthermore, __(4)__; some can result from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised.The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function, whether within the company or an outside firm, can take care of public image problems and opportunities. Many factors impact on the public image. Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business, __ (5)__. Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events, and may even succeed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity, but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.EXERCISE;A) that have favorable overtones for the company initiated by the public relations departmentB) not all publicity is initiated by the firmC) usually in the form of press releases or press conferencesD) such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, and the tenor of the advertisingE) what it means to the company isF) Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public imageKEY: C F A B D(11)Gross National Product (GNP)GNP is measure most often used to determine how well the economy is faring; government and business alike ____(1)____. What does GNP include? If the retail prices of all the goods and services produced during the year were added up, the figure arrived at would be the gross national product for that year.There are three different approaches to determining gross national product. All three will yield the same answer, because each is doing the same thing-measuring the total value of goods and services produced in the nation during the year. The first approach is totaling up the final market price of retail value of all production. This approach is easy to understand because it follows exactly the definition of GNP-the value of the nation's production, or product, _____(2)_____.It is also possible to look at GNP from the point of view of goods and services bought rather than produced. This method is called the expenditures approach; it involves recording ____(3)____.About two-thirds of all expenditures in the marketplace are for consumer goods and services and are made by families buying to satisfy their needs. Economists call these household purchases personal consumption expenditures.The second largest buyer in the marketplace is government. Government at all level's accounts for over one-fifth of total expenditures.Investment expenditures made by business account for most of the remaining purchases. Under this category are all purchases of capital goods (such as machinery and equipment), all construction (including homes), and the differences between inventories at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year.The final and smallest item in the expenditure approach is net foreign investment. The total for this category is calculated by adding together all the expenditures ____(4)____ and subtracting from that amount the total of all U.S. purchases made abroad.The third method of determining GNP is by analyzing income. Because the factors of production are responsible for the making of goods and services, it is possible to determine GNP by addingup all the payments made to those involved in this production. The sum of all wages, salaries, interest, rent, and profits, plus indirect business taxes and capital consumption, must be calculated. The resulting total represents the payment, or income, side of the goods and services produced. This figure is most frequently referred to _____(5)_____. However, the gross national income should equal the gross national product.练习：A before anything is subtracted from the totalB as gross national income because it deals with income instead of productionC use it to determine their future policies and plansD based on foreign investmentsE made by foreign countries in the United StatesF who is buying the goods and services in the marketplaceKeys: CAFEB(12)Supermarket is a type of retailing institution that has a moderately broad product assortment spanning groceries and some nonfood lines, that ordinarily emphasizes price in either an offensive or defensive way. As a method, supermarket retailing features several related product lines, a high degree of self-service, largely centralized checkout, and competitive prices. The supermarket approach to retailing is used to sell various kinds of merchandise, ____(1)____.The term supermarket usually refers to an institution in the grocery retailing field. Most supermarkets emphasize price. Some use price offensively by featuring low prices in order to attract customers. Other supermarkets use price more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid a price disadvantage. Since supermarkets typically have very thin gross margins, they need high levels of inventory turnover to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital.Supermarkets originates in the early 1930s. They were established by independents ____(2)____. Supermarkets were an immediate success, and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores. In recent decades supermarkets have added various nonfood lines to provide customers with one-stop shopping convenience and to improve overall gross margins.Today stores using the supermarket method of retailing are dominant in grocery retailing. However, different names are used to distinguish these institutions ____(3)____:A superstore is a larger version of the supermarket. It offers more grocery and nonfood items ____(4)____. Many supermarket chains are emphasizing superstores in their new construction.Combination stores are usually even larger than superstore. They, too, offer more groceries and nonfoods than a supermarket but also most product lines found in a large drugstore. Some combination stores are joint ventures between supermarkets and drug chains such as Kroger and Sav-on.For many years the supermarket has been under attack from numerous competitors. For example, a grocery shopper can choose among not only many brands of supermarkets but also various types of institutions (warehouse stores, gourmet shops, meat and fish markets, and convenience stores). Supermarkets have reacted to competitive pressures ____(5)____: Some cut costs and stressed low prices by offering more private brands and generic products and few customer services. Others expanded their store size and assortments by adding more nonfood lines (especially products found in drugstores), groceries attuned to a particular market area (foods that appeal to a specific ethnic group, for example), and various service departments (including video rentals, restaurants, delicatessens, financial institutions, and pharmacies).A by size and assortmentB than a conventional supermarket doesC including building materials, office products, and, of course, groceriesD attracting more customers with their low pricesE primarily in either of two waysF to compete with grocery chainsKEYS: CFABE(13)A Thirsty WorldThe world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% --the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. ____1____, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.At the moment, his small amount of fresh water is still enough for us. However, our need for water is increasing rapidly. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now, can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. One of the useful steps we can take is to stop unlimited use of water. ____2____, however, would have a bad effect on agriculture and industry.In addition to stopping wasting our precious water, one more useful step we should take is to develop ways of reusing it. ____3____, but only on a small scale.Today, in most large cities, water is used only once and it eventually returns to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks. ____4____ that has been used to a purifying plant. There it can be filtered and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring.___5____, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! All we'd have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is -remove the salt. This salt-removing process is already in use in many parts of the world.So if we take all these steps, we'll be in no danger of drying up!A. A limited water supplyB. But it is possible to pipe waterC. It is possible to purify large amounts of sea waterD. But even if every large city purified and reused its waterE. And we cannot even use all of thatF. Experiments have already been done in this fieldKEYS: EAFBD(14)When a magazine for high-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would "radiate light" and "change color with the push of a button." Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught "by electrical impulse while we sleep.'' Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000? Actually, ________ and the question was, "what will life be like in 1978?"The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did, so experts are regularly asked to predict accurately. By carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote: _______, but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to work in "airbuses", large all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents "almost unheard of". Does that sound。

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2010年职称英语（理工类）A级真题及答案解析（一）词汇选项funny – humorousappalling – terriblediligent – hardworkingdecent – goodput up with – toleratedemolish – disproveturmoil – confusionhazard – dangermerge – combineresentment – angergraceful – politevague – unclearimmense – greatspur – encouragevigorous – energetic（二）阅读判断California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power1.Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space.答案为A：right.2.Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites.答案为C：Not mentioned3.Earth-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.答案为B:出题句: Earth-based solar cells, by contrast, can only collect sunlight during daytime and when skies are clear.出题句中提到了―位于地球上的的太阳能电池‖收集太阳的两个条件：一个是在白天，一个是当天空晴朗的时候。

阅读下面的短文。

短文中有15个空白，在文章的后面，每一个空白都列出了四个备选答案。

请根据文章的内容选择合适的词或短语填在空白处。

第一篇 Better Control of TB seen if a faster cure is foundThe World Health Organization1 estimates that about one－third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times， the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB， usually in their ____1____. Two million people die ____2____ it. The disease has ____3____ with the spread of AIDS and drug－resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to ____4____ a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop ____5____ they feel better. Doing that can ____6____ to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster－acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how ____7____ it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients ____8____. It would also mean ____9____ infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two －month treatment plan. They ____10____ the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two－month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might ____11____ about twenty－five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these ____12____ would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is， if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization ____13____ the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment，Short－course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make ____14____ they continue treatment.Earlier this year， an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten－year plan also aims to finance research ____15____ new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long－term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.词汇：bacterium n. 细菌tuberculosis n. 结核（病）inactive adj. 不活跃的，非活动性的antibiotic adj. 抗生的 n. 抗生素alliance n. 同盟，联盟注释：1. World Health Organization ：世界卫生组织2. Harvard University ：（美国）哈佛大学3. DOTS ：短期直接观察治疗4. Global Alliance for TB Drug Development：全球结核病药物开发联盟练习：1. A） kidneys B） lungs C） bones D） livers2. A） with B） without C） of D） out of3. A） increased B） decreased C） changed D） disappeared4. A） make B） take C） try D） test5. A） as if B） as though C） as far as D） as soon as6. A） refer B） apply C） lead D） amount7. A） effective B） ineffective C） expensive D） inexpensive8. A） cured B） to cure C） being cured D） having been cured9. A） many B） more C） few D） fewer10. A） provided B） introduced C） tested D） tempted11. A） bring about B） contributed to C） promote D） prevent12. A） increases B） reductions C） creations D） collections13. A） developed B） invented C） delayed D） refused14. A） easy B） uneasy C） sure D） unsure15. A） with B） to C） onto D） into参考答案：1.B 结核病多发于肺部，这是一般的常识。

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1．I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me mad． A．tolerate B．generate C．reduce D．mensure 2．Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone． A．equal B．immediate C．moderate D．great 3．He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school． A．bright B．unclear C．general D．bad 4．I want to provide my boys with a decent education． A．special B．private C．general D．good 5．Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people． A．picture B．danger C．evidence D．case 6．Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil． A．doubt B．relief C．failure D．confusion 7．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment． A．love B．surprise C．anger D．doubt 8．Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day． A．energetic B．free C．physical D．regular 9．I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues． A．boring B．original C．humorous D．long 10．Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth． A．attract B．spend C．encourage D．require 11．He demolished my argument in minutes． A．supported B．disproved C．disputed D．accepted 12．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year． A．close B．sell C．break D．combine 13．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners． A．polite B．usual C．bad D．similar 14．The project required ten years of diligent research． A．hardworking B．social C．basic D．scientific 15．He was kept in appalling conditions in prison． A．necessary B．terrible C．critical D．normal 第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2010年全国职称英语考试真题及答案综合类A2010年全国职称英语考试真题及答案综合类（A级）第一部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.A. badB. politeC. similarD. usual2. Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.A. loveB. surpriseC. doubtD. anger3. Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.A. energenticB. physicalC. regularD. free4. Our aggrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.A. failureB. confusionC. doubtD. relief5. Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.C. caseD. picture6. I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.A. longB. originalC. humorousD. boring7. He demolished my arguments in minutes.A. disprovedB. disputedC. acceptedD. supported8. The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.A. combineB. sellC. closeD. break9. Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.A. immediateB. greatC. equalD. moderate10. I want to provide my boys with a decent education.C. goodD. special11. Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.A. attractB. encourageC. requireD. spend12. He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.A. criticalB. tembleC. necessaryD. normal13. I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer, it's driving me mad.A. measureB. generateC. tolerateD. reduce14. The project required ten years of diligent research.A. hardworkingB. scientificC. basicD. social15. He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.C. badD. general第二部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2010年职称英语综合类A级真题及答案In recent years, more and more people have been paying for things with credit cards. There a re now 565 million credit cards worldwide, but it doesn't stop there. Debit cards (电子记账卡) are being issued by banks, and store cards are being offered by many department stores. Bills and coins are gradually being replaced by "plastic money." In many countries, phone ca rds have been introduced for people to use in pay phones. In addition, cards made of paper a re being replaced by plastic ones by many organizations and clubs. For example, if you belon g to a sports club, your membership card may well be made of plastic.How safe is the plastic used to make these cards, though? Until now, most cards have been ma de from a plastic called PVC. While PVC is being produced, harmful chemicals are released in to the atmosphere. One of the most dangerous chemicals that is released is dioxin, which is known to cause cancer in humans. A further problem is that, when a PVC card is thrown away, it is not biodegradable; this means that it does not "break down" and cannot be recycled. Ob viously, recycling reduces pollution of the environment.The executive director of the environmental organization and charity Greenpeace, Peter Melch ett, says, "If there is a solution to this - and an alternative then it would be madness not to use it." Greenpeace has found a solution and an alternative. Their new credit card is ma de entirely from a biodegradable plastic that uses plants. The card breaks down in around th ree months in soil; in this way, it is recycled. In contrast, a PVC card lasts for centuries Greenpeace hopes that many organizations will soon follow their example and issue cards tha t do not threaten the public health.1 Fewer and fewer credit cards are made of paper,A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2The plastic used in credit cards is fairly safe.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3The cards that are wildly used now are credit cards.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4Most credit cards are biodegradableA RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 The new credit card that is being introduced by Greenpeace is not made of plastic.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 The new Greenpeace card breaks down in a few monthsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 Greenpeace cards are widely used in many organizations now.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned参考答案：1. A2. B3. C4. B5. B6. A7. B。

2010年职称英语综合类B考试真题及答案2010年职称英语综合类B考试真题及答案（完整版）职称英语考试网更新：2010-7-2 编辑：小优第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后，列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Nobody Had Believed It Was PossibleIn 1912, the Titanic hit an iceberg on its first trip across the Atlantic, and it sank four hours later. It was carrying 2207 people, but it had taken on enough lifeboats for only 1178 people. When the passengers tried to leave the ship, only 651 of them were able to get into lifeboats and 1502 people lost their lives.Throughout the whole tragedy, the California was only ten miles away. Its officers were close enough to see theTitanic, but they did not understand the situation. They never received the Titanic’s call for help, and they did not come to the rescue until too late.First of all, nobody had prepared for such a tragedy. Nobody had believed that the Titanic could sink. The steamship company had thought that its ship would be completely safe in all situations. They followed an old rule for the number of lifeboats, so they had supplied lifeboats for only half the people. And the passengers had not practiced lifeboat drills before the accident and they did not believe they were in danger.The ship had already received six ice warnings on its radio when it struck the iceberg. But it had not changed its direction or its speed. It was impossible to change direction quickly enough when the iceberg came in sight. When the Titanic hit the iceberg, the radio officer on the18.The Titanic has 1,178 lifeboats for 2,207 people, but 1,502 people lost their lives because many people did not know how to get into their lifeboats.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.The California didn’t come in time to save the passengers on the Titanic because its officers were not clear about what was happening on the Titanic.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.The ship might not have sunk if its radio officer had listened to the warning from the California.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.After the accident, ships are not allowed to travel into the north in winterto ensure safe ocean travel.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.A tragedy like the sinking of the Titanic never happened again.A.RightB.Wrong。

2010年职称英语理工类(A级)考试真题及答案职称英语考试历年真题汇总>>/zZnTL（复制链接，点击“打开链接”即可访问）更多精品备考资料在职称英语考试交流群：151033695第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1．I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me mad．A．tolerateB．generateC．reduceD．mensure2．Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone．A．equalB．immediateC．moderateD．great3．He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school．A．brightB．unclearC．generalD．bad4．I want to provide my boys with a decent education．A．specialB．privateC．generalD．good5．Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people．A．pictureB．dangerC．evidenceD．case6．Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil．A．doubtB．reliefC．failureD．confusion7．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment．A．loveB．surpriseC．angerD．doubt8．Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day．A．energeticB．freeC．physicalD．regular9．I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues．A．boringB．originalC．humorousD．long10．Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth．A．attractB．spendC．encourageD．require11．He demolished my argument in minutes．A．supportedB．disprovedC．disputedD．accepted12．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year．A．closeB．sellC．breakD．combine13．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners．A．politeB．usualC．badD．similar14．The project required ten years of diligent research．A．hardworkingB．socialC．basicD．scientific15．He was kept in appalling conditions in prison．A．necessaryB．terribleC．criticalD．normal第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2010中石化职称英语2010年中石化职称英语考试练习题部分--01练习一(一)用转译法翻译下列各句1.A highly developed physical science is characterized by an extensive use of mathematics(一门高度发展的自然科学的特点是广泛地应用数学。

2.Careful attention must be paid to the construction of the diagram in using this equation( 用这一公式时必须十分注意其图形结构。

3.Infant and young children have a somewhat higher temperature than adults(婴儿和孩童的体温略高于成年人。

4.There is an increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country(我国各地对各种消费品的需求量正大大增加。

5.They are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it.他们深信这一政策是正确的，并有坚定的决心继续奉行这一政策。

6.Rockets have found applications for the exploration of theuniverse(火箭已经用来探索宇宙。

7.Engineers have to know the best and most economical materials to use(工程师必须要知道如何最有效和最经济的使用材料。

8.It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the Presidents reasons for writing to begin a Chinese-Americandialogue(这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因(二)用增译法翻译下列各句1.In order to obtain economical flying，apart from speed，the load to be carried and the height at which to fly alsohave to be decided(为了获得经济的飞行效果，除了速度以外，还必须解决飞行负荷和飞行高度的问题。

第一篇 A Health Profile 健康概貌 (1)第二篇Making yourself a good record好借好还 (3)第三篇Pretty Good漂亮极了 (5)第四篇Where Have All Our Visitors Gone?我们的客人去哪里了 (6)第五篇A Country‟s Standard of Living一个国家的平均生活水平 (12)第六篇Reform on the Road进行中的改革 (13)第七篇Water水 (15)第八篇An Early Form of Jazz Music爵士乐的早期形式 (17)第九篇Freezing to Death for Beauty美丽就是一切 (19)第十篇The Ideal Husband理想的丈夫 (22)阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇 A Health Profile 健康概貌A health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health．To draw your health profile，you will __1_ need to know _what diseases run in your family, what health hazards you may be exposed to __2_at_ work，how your daily __3_diet_ compares to the recommended standards，how much time per week you __4_spend_ exercising and what type of exercise you engage__5_in_，how stressful your work and family environments are，what kinds of illnesses you get regularly, and__6_whether_or not you have any one of a number of addictions．__7_To complete_this portrait，your should have a checkup to determine how your blood，heart，and lungs are functioning．This checkup will serve __8_as_ a baseline，to which you can then compare later tests．__9_Once_this profile is thoroughly drawn，you can begin to think about setting healthpriorities based__10_on_ your particular portrait．For example，if you drink two martinisevery evening，have a high-stress__11_job_，are overweight，smoke a pack of cigarettes a day,and use marijuana occasionally on weekends，you should quit smoking first，followed__12_by_losing the excess weight，reducing the stress of your job，giving up your marihuana habit，and then finally giving some__13_thought_to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer, and then heart disease．Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life，who is __14_in_ excellent health，a good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will__15_ benefit _ him in the future．词汇：profile n．侧影，概貌hazard n．危险，危害checkup n．健康检查，体检martini n. 马提尼酒portrait n．画像，肖像addiction n．嗜好，瘾baseline n．基础，起点marihuana n．大麻烟(一种毒品)练习：1．A)know B) have known C) need know D) need to know2．A)with B) in C) on D) at3．A)diet B) meals C) food D) dinner4．A)use B) devote C) spend D) take5．A)on B) in C) with D) about6．A)if B) whether C) either D) neither7．A)To complete B) CompletingC) Completion D) To be completed8．A)as B) for C) on D) about9．A)Unless B) Once C) If D) Although10．A) around B) with C) about D) on11．A)work B) task C) job D) place12．A) on B) with C) after D) by13．A) thought B) idea C) thinking D) talk14．A)for B) in C) with D) on15．A) reap B) harvest C) benefit D) lead参考答案:1．D 从句子的意思看，这里应该有“需要”的意思，所以选择应该在C和D之间，need可以作情态动词用，也可以作普通动词用，前面既用了will，那说明这里应该跟作普通动词用的need，所以答案是need to know。