轮机英语考证自学教材
轮机英语考试大纲
805：无限/近洋航区3000kW及以上船舶二/三管轮
考试大纲分值（88分）适用对象805 １船舶主推进装置
１.１船舶动力装置概述
１.１.１船舶动力装置的组成和类型 1 √
１.２船舶柴油机
１.２.１基本特性指标 2 √
１.２.２船舶柴油机的工作原理和基本结构 5 √
１.２.3 船舶柴油机的工作系统、操纵系统和控制系统7 √
１.２.4 船舶柴油机的运行管理 3 √
１.３船舶推进装置
１.３.１推进装置的传动方式 1 √
２船舶辅助机械
２.１船用锅炉
２.１.１船用锅炉的类型 1 √
２.１.２新型船用锅炉的结构特点 1 √
２.１.３船用锅炉的运行管理 1 √
２.１.４船用锅炉的故障分析和排除 2 √
２.２船用泵
２.２.１船用泵类型 1 √
２.２.２常见船用泵的工作原理和结构特点 1 √
２.２.３船舶通用泵系的布置原则和特点 1 √
２.２.４常见船用泵的运行管理和故障排除 2 √
２.３船舶制冷和空调装置
２.３.１制冷原理和制冷循环 1 √
２.３.３船舶空调系统的组成及主要设备 1 √
２.３.５船舶空调装置的运行管理 1 √
２.３.７船舶空调装置的故障分析和排除 1 √
２.４船舶防污染设备
２.４.１油水分离器的工作原理及运行管理 2 √
２.４.２焚烧炉的工作原理及运行管理 2 √
２.４.３生活污水处理装置的工作原理及运行管理 1 √
２.５分油机和海水淡化装置
２.５.１分油机的工作原理及运行管理 3 √
２.５.２海水淡化原理 1 √
２.５.３海水淡化装置的主要设备和运行管理 1 √
２.６船舶甲板机械
２.６.１液压泵、控制阀件和油马达的结构特点 2 √２.６.２起货机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除 1 √２.６.３锚机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除 1 √２.６.４绞缆机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除 1 √２.６.６液压系统管理 2 √３船舶电气和自动化
３.１船用发电机
３.１.１船用发电机的结构特点 2 √３.１.２船用发电机的并车和解列 2 √３.１.３船用发电机的故障分析和排除 1 √３.２船用配电板
３.２.１主配电板的分类及组成 1 √３.２.２应急配电板 1 √３.２.３配电箱 1 √３.３船舶电气设备
３.３.１船舶电气设备概况 1 √３.３.２电气控制设备 1 √３.３.３电气设备运行管理 2 √４船舶轮机管理
４.１操作规程
４.１.１备车 1 √４.１.２巡回检查 1 √４.１.３完车 1 √４.2 安全管理知识
４.2.１轮机部操作安全注意事项 1 √４.2.２船舶防火防爆的措施及守则 3 √４.2.３机舱应急设备的使用及管理 1 √４.2.４船员个人安全知识 1 √４.3 油、物料和备件的管理
４.3.１燃油的管理 1 √４.4 船舶修理和检验
４.4.１修理的类别 1 √４.4.２轮机坞修工程 1 √４.4.４船舶检验的类别与作用 1 √４.5 防污染管理及ＰＳＣ检查
４.5.１《油类记录簿》与ＩＯＰＰ证书的管理 2 √４.5.２ＰＳＣ检查中的明显理由与更详细检查 1 √４.5.３ＰＳＣ检查报告和缺陷的纠正 1 √５国际公约、规则的阅读与理解
５.１ＳＴＣＷ公约
５.１.１ＳＴＣＷ７８／９５公约中有关轮机值班的基本原 1 √
则
５.１.２轮机员的基本职责和道德 1 √
５.１.３机驾联系制度 1 √
５.２ＭＡＲＰＯＬ公约
５.２.１ＭＡＲＰＯＬ７３／７８公约中有关含油污水的
1 √排放规则
５.２.２有关国家、港口的防污染规则 1 √
５.３ＳＯＬＡＳ公约
５.３.２ＳＯＬＡＳ公约的基本精神和基本原则 1 √
５.４ＩＳＭ、ＩＳＰＳ等规则和公约
５.４.１ＩＳＭ规则简介 1 √
５.４.２ＩＳＰＳ规则简介 1 √
５.４.３其他最新公约和规则 1 √
1船舶主推进装置 (1)
1.1船舶动力装置概述 (1)
1.1.1船舶动力装置的组成和类型 (1)
1.2船舶柴油机 (4)
1.2.1基本特性指标. (4)
1.2.2船舶柴油机的工作原理和基本结构 (9)
1.2.3船舶柴油机的工作系统、操纵系统和控制系统 (57)
1.2.4船舶柴油机的运行管理 (119)
1.3船舶推进装置 (152)
1.3.1推进装置的传动方式 (152)
2船舶辅助机械 (157)
2.1船用锅炉 (157)
2.1.1船用锅炉的类型 (157)
2.1.2新型船用锅炉的结构特点 (160)
2.1.3船用锅炉的运行管理 (164)
2.1.4船用锅炉的故障分析和排除 (173)
2.2船用泵 (176)
2.2.1船用泵类型 (176)
2.2.2常见船用泵的工作原理和结构特点 (180)
2.2.3船舶通用泵系的布置原则和特点 (187)
2.2.4常见船用泵的运行管理和故障排除 (192)
2.3船舶制冷和空调装置 (202)
2.3.1制冷原理和制冷循环 (202)
2.3.3船舶空调系统的组成及主要设备 (212)
2.3.5船舶空调装置的运行管理 (214)
2.3.7船舶空调装置的故障分析和排除 (218)
2.4船舶防污染设备 (219)
2.4.1油水分离器的工作原理及运行管理 (219)
2.4.2焚烧炉的工作原理及运行管理 (224)
2.4.3生活污水处理装置的工作原理及运行管理 (226)
2.5分油机和海水淡化装置 (228)
2.5.1分油机的工作原理及运行管理 (228)
2.5.2海水淡化原理 (235)
2.5.3海水淡化装置的主要设备和运行管理 (239)
2.6船舶甲板机械 (248)
2.6.1液压泵、控制阀件和油马达的结构特点 (248)
2.6.2起货机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除 (253)
2.6.3锚机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除 (256)
2.6.4绞缆机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除 (257)
2.6.6液压系统管理 (260)
3船舶电气 (268)
3.1船用发电机 (268)
3.1.1船用发电机的结构特点 (268)
3.1.2船用发电机的并车和解列 (276)
3 .1.3船用发电机的故障分析和排除 (279)
3.2船用配电板 (281)
3.2.1主配电板的分类及组成 (281)
3.2.2应急配电板 (284)
3.2.3配电箱 (285)
3.3船舶电气设备 (286)
3.3.1船舶电气设备概况 (286)
3.3.2电气控制设备 (290)
3.3.3电气设备运行管理 (291)
4船舶轮机管理 (301)
4.1操作规程 (301)
4.1.1备车 (301)
4.1.2巡回检查 (305)
4.1.3完车 (307)
4.2安全管理知识 (310)
4.2.1轮机部操作安全注意事项 (310)
4.2.2船舶防火防爆的措施及守则 (324)
4 2 3机舱应急设备的使用及管理 (336)
4.2.4船员个人安全知识 (340)
4.3油、物料和备件的管理 (347)
4.3.1燃油的管理 (347)
4.4船舶修理和检验 (350)
4.4.1修理的类别 (350)
4.4.2轮机坞修工程 (352)
4.4.4船舶检验的类别与作用 (356)
4.5 防污染管理及PSC检查 (358)
4.5.1“油类记录簿”与IOPP证书的管理 (358)
4.5.2 PSC检查中的明显理由与更详细检查 (362)
4.5.3 PSC检查报告和缺陷的纠正 (366)
5国际公约、规则的阅读与理解 (368)
5.1 STCW公约 (368)
5.1.1 STCW78/95公约中有关轮机值班的基本原则 (368)
5.1.2轮机员的基本职责和道德 (374)
5.1.3机驾联系制度 (375)
5.2 MARPOL73/78公约 (376)
5.2.1 MARPOL73/78公约中有关含油污水的排放规则 (376)
5.2.2有关国家、港口的防污染规则 (383)
5.3 SOLAS公约 (389)
5.3.2 SOLAS岔约的基本精神和基本原则 (389)
5.4 ISM、ISPS等规则和公约 (392)
5.4.1 ISM规则简介 (392)
5.4.2 ISPS规则简介 (395)
5.4.3其他最新公约和规则 (399)
6.关联题 (400)
Passage 2 (401)
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1 船舶主推进装置
1.1船舶动力装置概述
1.1.1船舶动力装置的组成和类型
1. *The ____ engine is used for alternators and sometimes for main propulsion with a gearbox to provide a propeller of between 90 to 120 r/min(rpm).
A.four-stroke
B.two-stroke
C.slow speed
D.reversible
注四冲程柴油机用来驱动发电机，有时利用减速齿轮箱为螺旋桨提供90~120 r/min而作为主推进动力。A
2. Diesel engines are classified as reciprocating internal combustion engines because they ____.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d52725252.html,e energy from fuel burned outside their cylinders
B.burn fuel in a combustion chamber that moves back and forth
C.burn fuel in a chamber where its energy
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d52725252.html,e a continuous combustion process to impart rotary motion to the pistons
注把柴油机归类往复式内燃机，是因为燃油在燃烧室内被燃烧，产生能量使活塞作往复运动。C
3. *Some medium and high-speed diesel engines require reduction gear units to provide a useful propeller speed.1n most reduction gears, the bull gear ____.
A.must churn(搅拌)the oil in the sump
B.is connected to the propeller shaft
C.is driven at the highest r/min
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d52725252.html,pensates(补偿) for alignment variations between the engine and pinion gear(小齿轮)
注为了取得合适的螺旋桨转速，一些中高速柴油机要有减速齿轮装置，在大多数减速齿轮里，从动齿轮与螺旋桨轴相连。B
4. Why a gearbox is needed in a ship driven by a medium-speed diesel engine?
A.To reduce the main engine speed.
B.To increase the main engine speed.
C.To govern the main engine speed.
D.To fix the propeller shaft
注为什么中速柴油机船需要齿轮箱？用于安装螺旋桨轴。D
5. ____ are increasingly used as main engine on merchant vessels, because they have
a high Hp/Weight ratio.
A.Slow speed diesel engines
B.Medium-speed diesel engines
C.Steam engines
D.Gasoline engines
注中速柴油机在商船上用作主机日益增加，因为它们有较高的马力／重量比。B
6. Propulsion of the vast majority of contemporary merchant ships (especially container ships and VLCCs) utilizes ____ as prime mover.
A.gas turbine
B.diesel engine
C.steam engine
D.gasoline engine
注大量现代商船，尤其是集装箱船和大型油船的推进装置使用柴油机做原动机（主机）。B
7. Typical marine propulsion plants include ____ directly coupled to the vessel's single large-diameter, fixed-pitch propeller.
A.a single,long-stroke, slow-speed, turbocharged, two-stroke diesel engine
B.a single,long-stroke, medium-speed, turbocharged, four-stroke diesel engine
C.two medium-speed, turbocharged, four-stroke diesel engines
D.a variable-speed AC generator
注具有单个、长冲程、低速、增压，二种程柴油机的典型船用主推进装置直接连接到船的单个大直径定距螺旋桨上。A
8. With ____ , the engine need not to be aligned with reduction gears or propeller shaft.
A.diesel engine propulsion
B.diesel electric propulsion
C.steam engine propulsion
D.gas turbine propulsion
注由于是柴油机一电力推动装置，该柴油机不需与减速机构或螺旋桨对中。B
9. Most often ____ is attached to the engine-propeller shaft for efficient electric power generation.
A.a variable-speed AC generator
B.a fixed-speed AC generator
C.an air blower
D.a DC generator
注最常见的是一台变速交流发电机连到主机一螺旋桨轴上用于有效的发电系统。A
10. There are four main types of marine engines ____ and the marine nuclear plant.
A.the diesel engine, the steam turbine and the dual-fuel engine
B.the diesel engine，the steam turbine and the gas turbine
C.the gas-diesel engitte, the gasoline engine and the diesel engine
D.the gasoline engine, the diesel engine and the steam turbine
注船用发动机有四大主要类型：柴油机、蒸汽轮机、燃气轮机和船舶核动力装置。B
11. Diesel engines instead of steam engines were used as main engine on board ships is mainly because ____.
A.they have a high mechanical efficiency
B.they have a high thermal efficiency
C.they are more reliable
D.they have little cost
注在船上用柴油机代替蒸汽机做主机，主要是因为柴油机热效率高。B
12. With reducing engine speed to an efficient propeller speed by the use of reduction gears, ____.
A.speed and torque are both reduced
B.speed is reduced and torque remains unchanged
C.speed is reduced and torque is increased
D.speed is sometimes unchanged while torque is increased
注由于用减速齿轮降低了发动机传给螺旋桨的有效速度，使速度降低而扭矩增加。C
13. ____ may have two emergency source of power, thus requiring two emergency switchboards.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d52725252.html,rge passenger vessels
B.General cargo ships
C.Container ships
D.Oil tankers
注大型客轮上往往装备有两套应急电源，这就需要两个应急配电板。A
14. Since the burning or combustion takes place within the engine itself, the engine is known as ____.
A.a fire-tube boiler
B.an internal combustion engine
C.an external combustion engine
D.an internal combustion generator
注由于发动机的燃烧发生在发动机本身之内，因此这种发动机是一种内燃机。B
15. The diesel engine is a type of ____.
A.turbine engine
B.gas turbine
C.steam engine
D.internal combustion engine
注柴油机是一种内燃机。D
16. The slow speed main propulsion diesel usually operates on ____.
A.the four stroke cycle
B.the four-stroke cycle
C.the two stroke cycle
D.the two-stroke cycle
注低速主推进柴油机通常是以二冲程循环工作的。D
17. The term medium speed diesel engine is currentlly taken to mean an engine with an operating rotational speed of ____ r/min.
A.below 300
B.above 1200
C.between 300 to 1200
D.below 1200
注术语“中速机”是指运行速度介于300~1200 r/min之间的发动机。C
18. We call a ship equipped with a diesel engine as main engine “____”.
A.a tug boat
B.a salvage ship
C.an oil tanker
D.amotor vessel
注用柴油机作为主机的船舶称为“内燃机船”。D
19. ____ can be found on most medium to large merchant vessels even if the main engine is either a steam turbine or 2-stroke crosshead engine.
A.The medium speed 4-stroke trunk piston engine
B.The low speed 2-stroke crosshead engine
C.The medium speed 2-stroke crosshead engine
D.The low speed 4-stroke trunk piston engine
注不管主机是蒸汽透平还是二冲程十字头式柴油机，中速四冲程筒形活塞式柴油机在大多数大中型商船上还是比较常见的。A
20. ____ allows the engine to be placed wherever is most suitable, as they no longer have to be aligned with reduction gearing and shafting as is the case with conventional installations.
A.Diesel engine propulsion
B.Diesel electric propulsion
C.Steam engine propulsion
D.Gas turbine propulsion
注电力推进允许机器安装在最适合的地方，因为机器不再像传统的布置那样需要与减速齿轮和轴对中。B
21. Medium speed engines have a ____ power to weight ratio than the slow speed two strokes, but due to the higher speeds tend to have ____ maintenance intervals
A.higher; reduced
B. higher;increased
C. lower;reduced
D. lower; increased
注中速机与低速二冲程机相比具有比较高的单位重量功率比，但是因为转速比较高，维修周期会缩短。A
22. The order ____ means maximum maneuvering engine revolution for ahead propulsion.
A.Full Ahead
B.Half Ahead
C.Full Astern
D.Half Astern
注指令“全速前进”意思是操纵机器最大转速前进。A
23. What determines the number of events occurring in a cycle of operation in an internal combustion engine?
A.Crankshaft revolution.
B.Type of engine (diesel or gasoline).
C.Distance a piston travels during a stroke.
D.Number of pistons.
注内燃机一个工作循环的行程数取决于机器类型（柴油机还是汽油机）。B
24. When used with reversing reduction gears, medium-speed diesel engines should be bolted to their foundations with fitted bolts at the drive end and clearance(loosely fittad) bolts in other locations. This is done to ____.
A.maintain alignment when the ship's hull is working in heavy seas
B.ensure engine vibrations correspond to the natural frequency of the hull
C.permit the engine to expand away from the driven equipment as the engine heats up and expands
D.maintain engine thrust bearing clearances
注带有可倒转减速齿轮的中速柴油机应该在驱动端通过拂配螺栓固定到机座上，而另一端应留有间隙，这样做的目的是当柴油机受热膨胀时，允许柴油机和驱动设备之间有一定的膨胀间隙。C
25. When transmitted by a reduction gear, diesel engine speed is reduced and the torque available for work ____.
A.remains the same
B.is reduced
C.is increased
D.is eliminated
注柴油机通过减速齿轮传动时，转速降低，扭矩增加。C
26. The rotating range of the low speed diesel engine is usually lower than ____.
A.100 r/min
B.200 r/min
C.300 r/min
D.500 r/min
注低速柴油机的运行速度一般低于300 r/min。C
27. Among the main propulsion units on board the ship with the same capacity, the lightest one is ____.
A.steam engine(蒸汽机)
B.steam turbine(蒸汽轮机)
C.gas turbine(燃气轮机)
D.diesel engine(柴油机)
注船舶使用的各种类型的主推进装置中，如果产生的功率相同，装置重量最轻的是燃气轮机。C
1.2船舶柴油机
1.2.1基本特性指标
28. *The ratio of the brake horsepower to the indicate of a diesel engine is its ____.
A.thermal efficiency
B.mechanical efficiency
C.brake thermal efficiency
D.volumetric efficiency
注制动功率和指示功率之比是机械效率。B
29. ***The cetane number of a diesel fuel oil indicates its ____.
A.Viscosity
B.acid content
C.heating value
D.ignition quality
注柴油的十六烷值用来描述其发火性。D
30. *The average pressure exerted on piston during each power stroke is termed ____.
A.indicated horsepower
B.mean effective pressure
C.exhaust back pressure
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d52725252.html,pression pressure
注每个作功行程作用在活塞上的平均力叫平均有效压力。B
31. *The ignition quality of a diesel fuel is indicated by the ____.
A.cetane number
B.volatility point
C.viscosity index
D.octane number
注柴油发火性能是由十六烷值来描述的。A
32. **The abbreviation “MIP” stands for ____.
A.middle indicating pressure
B.mean indicate pressure
C.mean indicated pitch
D.middle indicated power
注术语“MIP”，是指气缸的“平均指示压力”。B
33. *In diesel engineering practice, the term used to express the ignition quality of a particular fuel is ____.
A.cetane number
B.octane number
C.ignitionindex number
D.volatility point
注在柴油机中用来描述某一燃油的发火性能的术语是十六烷值。A
34. *The period when both inlet valves and exhaust valves are open is referred to as ____.
A.valve loop
B.valve uniflow
C.valve overlap
D.valve grinding
注气阀重叠是指进气阀和排气阀都开启期间。C
35. * “AMIDSHIPS” refers to ____.
A.back of the vessel
B.the middle portion of a ship
C.a backward movement of a vessel
D.across the ship, at right angles to the fore-and-aft centerline
注船中指的是船舶中部。B
36. If your vessel burns 8 tons of fuel per hour at 15 knots，how many tons per hour will it burn at 18 knots?
A.13.82 tons.
B.15.61 tons.
C. 16.00 tons.
D. 16.37 tons.
注M2=( V2/ V1)3×M1=(18/15)3 ×8=13.82 (t)。A
37. ____ power is the power developed within the cylinder and can be measured by an engine indicator.
A.The shaft
B.The mechanical
C.The electric
D.The indicated
注指示功是气缸内发出的功率；可通过示功图来测量。D
38 Use the following equation to calculate the cylinder oil feed rate at specified MCR:
Q = BS×Pe×24×10-3 (kg/24 h),
Q = Feed rate at specified MCR
BS = Basic Setting, see Item 4.3
Pe = Effective engine power at specified MCR
Engine Type Pe (bhp) at Specified MCR Basic Setting (g/bhph) at Specified MCR
6L60MC 15600 1.0
6S80MC 29700 1.2
The cylinder oil feed rate at specified MCR of 6L60MC is ____.
A.855.4
B.374.4
C.449.3
D.712.8
注用下列公式计算在最大持续额定功率时气缸油供给率：Q=BS×Pe×24×l0-3。B
39. For auxiliary engines the permissible overload is ____ for one hour every twelve hours.
A.10%
B.15%
C.20%
D.25%
注对于副机，允许在每12 h能超负荷10%运转lh。A
40. The ____ of the diesel oil must not exceed 120 degree Fahrenheit.
A.temperature
B.pressure
C.acid value
D.viscosity
注柴油的温度不得超过120℉。A
41. The abbreviation BDC means ____.
A. Boston Diesel Company
B.base circle diameter
C. switch board case
D.bottom dead center
注术语“BDC”，是指气缸的“下止点”。D
42. The abbreviation TDC means ____.
A. top dead center
B.temperature difference center
C. time delay clock
D.top diesel company
注术语“TDC”，是指气缸的“上止点”。A
43. In a diesel engine, the time taken to heat the fuel particles, turn them into vapor, and bring about combustion is called ____.
A.injection lag
B.ignition delay
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d52725252.html,pression
D.turbulencelag
注在柴油机里，将燃油颗粒加热变成油蒸气，进而发生燃烧所用的时间叫滞燃期。B
44. In describing basic diesel engine operation，the term “event” refers to ____.
A.the production of high pressure gases
B.the renroyal of expended cornbustzon gases
C.the admission of air to the cylinder
D.All of the above.
注在描述柴油机基本工作过程中，术语“event”指的是，高压气体的产生，废气的排出和新鲜空气的吸入。D
45. Which of the following represents the significance the fuel oil cetane number?
A.The cetane number has no affect on injection lag.
B.The cetane numberis an indication of the fuel's viscosity.
C.Ignition lag is reduced with fuels having a high cetane number.
D.The cetane numberis of little significance in the combustion.
注下列哪项表示燃油十六烷值的重要性？A
46. The bore of a diesel engine cylinder describes the ____.
A.swept volume of the cylinder
B.inside diameter of the cylinder
C.piston displacement in the cylinder
D.length of the piston stroke
注柴油机的缸径指的是气缸的内径。B
47. The cetane number rates fuels for diesel engines according to its ____.
A.antiknock characteristics
B.ignition qualities
C.rates of vaporization
D.viscosity
注柴油机燃油的十六烷值用来描述其发火性能。B
48. The ignition quality of diesel fuel is indicated by its ____.
A.octane number
B.cetane number
C.viscosityin Saybolt seconds
D.air fuel ratio
注用来描述柴油发火性能的是十六烷值。B
49. The cetane rating of diesel fuelis an indication of the ____.
A.ignition quality of the fuel
B.calorific value of the fuel
C.flash point of the fuel
D.rate of fuel consumption
注十六烷值是燃油发火性能的标志。A
50. The ignition quality of a diesel fuel oil is indicated by the____
A.specific gravity
B.cetane number
C.viscosity
D.calorific valve
注柴油发火性能是由十六烷值来描述的。B
51. A mixture of 45%cetane and 55% alpha-methyl-naphthalene is found to have the same ignition delay as a sample of diesel oil. The sample can be described as having a(an) ____.
A.cetane number of 55
B.cetane number of45
C.octane number of 55
D.octane number of45
注柴油取样和含有45%十六烷，55%透明甲基萘混合物具有相同的滞燃期，那么柴油的十六烷值是45。B
52. (Piston area)×(Piston stroke)×(numbers of the cylinders)=engine ____.
A.brake horsepower
B.displacement
C.cylinder volume
D.cylinder clearance
注活塞面积乘以活塞行程乘以气缸数等于柴油机的排量。B
53. The cubic inch(or liter) displacement of a cylinder is determined by the diameter of the piston and the ____.
A.length of the crankshaft
B.volume of the clearance space
C.weight of piston
D.length of the stroke
注气缸的排量取决于活塞的直径和行程。D
54. Compressor discharge pressure is usually described by its ratio to ____ called the pressure ratio.
A.intake pressure
B. discharge pressure
C.water Pressure
D.exhaust pxessure
注压缩机通常用压力比来描述排压，即排出压力和吸入压力之比。A
55. In crosshead engines in good condition the cylinder oil consumption may usually be ____.
A.below O.l g/hp.hr.
B.above 10 g/hp.hr.
C.below l.0 g/hp
D.zero
注十字头式柴油机在状态良好的情况下气缸油的消耗率低于1.0 g/hp。C
56. The distance from TDC to BDC of the diesel engine is called ____.
A.gap(间隙)
B.clearance(间隙或余隙)
C.radius(半径或范围)
D.stroke(冲程)
注发动机上下止点之间的距离即是活塞的冲程。D
57. The external circumference of a pair of main bearing shells is slightly larger than that of the bore of the housing which receives them. The difference is termed ____.
A.nip(过盈压隙)
B.nap(小睡)
C.gap(间隙)
D.lip(嘴唇)
注一副主轴承轴瓦的外圆周应该比轴承座的孔径要稍大一些.其差即为“过盈压隙”。A
58. The figure that the volume of air at B D C is divided by the volume of air at T.D.C is termed as ____.
A. ignition ratio
B.power ratio
C compression ratio（压缩比） D.injection ratio
注下止点时空气的体积除以上止点时的空气体积，即为“压缩比”。C
59. The operation between two fuel injections is called a ____.
A. turning cycle
B.working cycle
C.working hour D working stroke
注两次燃油喷射之间的运行被称作一个工作循环。B
60. The period of valve overlap is when ____.
A the inlet valve is open B.the exhaust valve is open
C both valves are close D.both valves are open
注气阀重叠是指进气阀和排气阀都开启期间。D
61. The term ____ refers to one complete sequence of operations required to produce power in an engine.
A.diesel engine
B.stroke
C.cycle
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d52725252.html,pression ratio
注术语“工作循环”是指发动机产生功率而所需要的一个完整的动作顺序。C
62. The ____ is the power available at the output shaft of the engine and can be measured using a torsionmeter or with a brake.
A.electric power
B.shaft power
C.indicated power
D.mechanical power
注轴功率是发动机输出轴上可以获得的功率，可以使用转矩表或刹车来测量。B
63．V.I.T. means ____.
A.variable injection timing
B.variable inlet tonnage
C.vertical incoming tonnage
D.vertical inlet tank
注VIT即“可变喷油定时”。A
64. Suppose the rated capacity of the main engine of a ship is 10,000 kW. at 100 rated r/min,then when at 80 r/min its capacity should be ____.
A.800 kW
B.5120 kW
C.6400 kW
D.4180 kW
注额定转速100 r/min，额定功率10000 kW，根据柴油机的运转特性，当运行在80 r/min时,功率为5120 kW。B
65. Engine displacement is equal to the cylinder ____.
A. area times the stroke
B. area times the stroke, times the number of cylinders
C. volume times the stroke
D. volume times the stroke, times the number of cylinders
注发动机的排虽=气缸面积x活塞冲程×气缸数目。B
66．In describin g engine operation, what does the term “cycle” mean?
A.The sequence of events that produce a power pulse.
B.One rotation of the engine crankshaft.
C.One stroke of a piston.
D.All of the above.
注四个选项中，唯一能表达柴油机循环的只有是“产生一个作功冲程的动作顺序”。A
67. The time between injection and ignition of the fuel is known as ____.
A.turbulence(紊流，扰动)lag(滞后)
B.after burning ratio
C.pre-ignition(预燃)Iag
D.ignition delay(滞燃期)
注燃油喷射与燃油发火间的时间，即“滞燃期”。D
68. The compression ratio of a diesel engine refers to the ratio between the ____.
A.piston area to connecting rod length
B.cylinder volumes at bottom dead center and at top dead center
C.engine cylinder size to piston size
D.the number of compression strokes for a given horsepower
注柴油机的压缩比是指下止点时气缸容积与上止点时气缸的容积之比。B 69. The most important factor in engine performance is the actual power output at the end of the crankshaft available for doing work. This is known as ____.
A.indicated horsepower
B.brake horsepower（制动马力）
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d52725252.html, horsepower(净马力)
D.friction horsepower
注曲轴尾端实际的输出功率，即“制动马力”。B
1.2.2船舶柴油机的工作原理和基本结构
70. *The projection on a shaft designed to change circular motion into up and down or back and fore moti00 is called ____.
A.wheel
B.crankshaft
C.running gear
D.cam
注轴上的凸台，设计用来把回转运动转换成上下运动或前后运动，这种凸台被叫做凸轮。D
71. *A clearly visible benefit of RT-flex engines is their ____ operation at all ship speeds. This is achieved by the superior combustion performance.
A. Shockless
B.smokeless
C.no vibration
D.noiseless
注RT-flex型柴油机显而易见的优点是在各种船速时均无烟运转，这是优化燃烧工况造成的。B
72. ***A main bearing consists of two shells which are secured by means of studs and ____.
A.tie rods
B.through bolts
C.1ead wires
D.bearing caps
注主轴承由两个轴瓦组成，轴瓦由双头螺栓和轴承盖来固定。D
73. ***Compared to four-stroke/cycle engines, two-stroke/cycle diesel engines have the disadvantage of ____.
A.less even torque
B. higher cylinder head temperatures
C.fewer power strokes per revolution
D.greater weight/size requirementss
注与四冲程柴油机相比，二冲程柴油机的缺点是缸盖温度较高。B
74. *The greatest turbulence in a diesel engine cylinder is created by the ____.
A.shape of the combustion chamber
B.fuel injection spray pattern
C.cylinder swept volume
D.degree of penetration of the fuel oil droplets
注柴油机气缸内最大的湍流是由燃油液滴的渗透程度产生的。D
75. *In order to control thermal stresses, some types of modern engines usa pistons with ____.
A. heavy wall and intensive cooling
B.heavy wall and no cooling
C. thin wall and no cooling
D.thin wall and intensive cooling
注为了控制热应力，一些型号的柴油机活塞使用薄壁结构和强制冷却。D
76. *A piston in a four—stroke/cycle diesel engine makes four strokes during each ____.
A.crankshaft revolution
B.mechanical cycle of operation
C.period of two combustion cycles
D.cycle of two events
注四冲程柴油机的活塞在每个工作循环中运行了四个冲程。B
77. *Crankshafts of medium speed engines are ____ from a single piece of steel.
A.unusually solid welded
B.never be solid forged
C.almost invariably solid forged
D.almost invariably be welded
注中速柴油机的曲轴几乎都是由一块钢整体锻造而成。C
78. *In a two-stroke engine the camshaft rotates at ____ the engine rotational speed.
A.half
B.twice
C.the same speed as
D.four times
注二冲程发动机中，凸轮轴回转速度与曲轴回转速度相同。C
79. *A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has to ____.
A.cross-head
B.cylinder
C.connecting rod
D.sparkplug(火花塞)
注柴油机与汽油机类似，但是无火花塞。D
80. *However fast or slow the combustion rate, it is still a ____ between carbon, hydrogen,sulphur and oxygen that releases heat.
A. physical deformation
B. state exchange
C. chemical reaction
D. coalescence
注燃烧速率的快慢，仍然是碳、氢、硫和氧气笈生放热的一个化学反应。A
81. *____ of different thickness are inserted between the shells to enable adjustment of the bearing clearances.
A.Screws
B.Films
C.Discs
D. Shims(薄垫片)
注不同厚度的调整垫片插入到轴瓦中以调整轴承间隙。D
82. *The gas loads on the engine structure are constrained by means of hydraulically preloaded which connect the bed plate, frame sections and cylinder jackets into a single unit.
A.connecting rods
B.main bearing
C.column
D.tie rods
注连接机座、机架和气缸体成一体的显然是贯穿螺栓。D
83. *Which of the following.statements represents the function of the compression rings installed at the top of a diesel Engine piston?
A.Control the amount of lube oil burned in the combustion chamber.
B.Transmit heat from the piston to the cylinder liner.
C.Prevent damage to ring groove inserts by acting as a heat dam.
D.dissipate combustion chamber gas pressure by channeling it through through gap.
注柴油机顶部压缩环的作用是从活塞向气缸套传递热量。B
84. In a diesel engine,____ offers the heat energy directly;____works as working medium and changes the heat energy to mechanical energy
A.the burning of the fuel; medium shaft
B.fuel spray; fresh air
C.fuel; fuel spray
D.the burning of the fuel, the burned gas mixture
注柴油机中，燃油燃烧直接提供热能；燃气作为工作介质，将热能转变成机械能。D
85. In a diesel engine,____works as working medium and changes the heat energy to mechanical energy,____changes the reciprocating movement to rotary moment.
A.fuel spray; the burrung of the fuel
B.the burned gas mixture; connecting rod
C.medium shaft; crankshaft
D.the burned gas mixture; piston rod
注柴油机中，燃气作为工作介质，将热能转变成机械能，连杆将往复运动变成回转运动。B
86. One of the differences between a two-stroke engine and a four-stroke engine is,____.
A.a two-stroke engine works without exhaust operation
B.a two-stroke engine works without compression stroke
C.a two-stroke engine works without expansion stroke
D a two-stroke engine works without suction operation
注二冲程机和四冲程机的一个区别是二冲程机工作没有吸气冲程。D
87. One of the differences between a two-stroke engine and a four-stroke engine is,____.
A.a two-stroke engine can't work without cylinders
B.a two-stroke engine can't work without pistons
C.a two-stroke engine can't work without crankshafts
D.a two-stroke engine can't work without a blower
注二冲程机和四冲程机的一个区别是二冲程机没有辅助鼓风机不能工作。D
88. In a diesel engine, when the fuel is injected into the cylinder,____.
A.the piston is just coming upward from the bottom dead center
B.the piston has moved about one-fifth of the way up
C.the piston has moved most of the way up and almost reached the TDC
D.the piston has just past the TDC
注柴油机中，当燃油喷入气缸时，活塞已经移动过了大部分行程，几乎要到达上止点。C
89. ____ is the main reason that reduces the power advantage of a two-stroke engine over a same size four-stroke one to about ____.
A.Inefficient scavenging; twice
B.Inefficient scavenging; 1.8 times
C.Fewer strokes in a circle; twice
D.Fewer strokes in a circle; 1.8 times
注主要原因是扫气不足，使二冲程机相对于同型的四冲程机的功率优势降
专业词汇Special Terms 第一部分柴油机 Diesel Engine 二冲程船用柴油机 two stroke marine diesel engine 四冲程船用柴油机 four stroke marine diesel engine 高（中，低）速柴油机 high(medium,lower)speed engine 气缸 cylinder 气缸盖 cylinder cover(cylinder head) 苏尔寿发动机 Sulzer engine B&W型发动机 Burmeister and Wain engine 哥塔维根型发动机 Gotaverken engine 曼恩型发动机 M.A.N.engine V型发动机 V-type engine 直流扫气式发动机 uniflow scavenging type engine 回流扫气式发动机 loop flow scavenging type engine 横流扫气式发动机 crow-flow scavenging type
engine 十字头式发动机 crosshead engine 筒形活塞式发动机 trunk-ppiston engine 涡轮增压式发动机 turbocharge engine 固定部件 fixed parts 耐磨部件 wear parts 运动部件 moving parts 互换部件 interchangeable parts 气缸套 cylinder liner 示功阀 indicator cock(indicator valve) 安全阀 safety valve 气缸启动阀cylinder air starting valve 缸套顶圈 head ring for cylinder liner 排气阀 exhaust valve 进气阀 air inlet valve(suction valve) 气阀传动机构 valve driving mechanism 顶杆 tapper rod 推杆 push rod
《英语教学法》课程教学大纲 英文名称：English Teaching Methodology 课程代码：0452117 学时数：32学时学分：2 课程类别： 课程性质：必修 适用专业：英语（教育方向） 先修课程：教育学、心理学、综合英语、英语听力、英语口语、 考核方式：闭卷笔试 一、课程的性质、地位和作用 《英语教学法》是英语（教育方向）专业必修课程，也是专业核心课程，在本专业的课程体系中具有举足轻重的作用。它在学生掌握一定的英语语言基本知识与基本技能以及教育学心理学基本理论的基础上，帮助学生形成英语教与学的理论素养与实践技能，直接为学生的顺利就业打下基础。本课程立足于培养优秀的中小学英语教学应用型人才，除了让学生掌握扎实学习教学理论知识之外，还让其具备较强的实际教学能力，较强的分析能力、合作能力和创新创业能力。本课程的作用是使学生系统地掌握英语教学的基本理论以及各教学层面的基本路子和方法，形成科学的教学观、语言观、学习观和方法观等，并具备一定的基本操作能力，旨在引导学生以本书阐述的理论为线索，了解英语教学的基本方法，初步掌握英语教学的理论知识，为将来从事英语教育打下坚实的基础。 二、教学内容及要求 第1章导论 【教学要求】 了解教学法的研究对象和意义以及英语教师的专业发展过程 重点和难点：教学法的内涵和教师专业发展 【教学内容】
1、教学法研究的对象、内容； 2、学习英语教学法的意义； 3、何为一名合格的英语教师 4、如何成长为一名合格的英语教师 【教学重点与难点】 教学法的内涵与本质；语言教师的专业发展过程 第2章、语言与语言教学 【教学要求】 了解语言的性质；了解语言学习的过程；了解语言教学的主要流派及其理论基础；了解语言教学的新趋势； 【教学内容】 1）语言、语言教学的性质； 2）英语教学的语言学基础 3）英语教学的心理学基础 4）语言教学的主要流派及其理论基础； 【教学重点与难点】 语言教学的主要流派及其理论基础；语言教学的新趋势； 第3章、英语教学方法 【教学要求】 理解交际能力的内涵；了解交际教学和任务性语言教学的发展历程和基本特征；基本掌握交际教学原则在教学实践中的运用；正确评价交际教学法和任务型语言教学； 【教学内容】 1、交际能力的内涵及对英语教学的启示； 2、交际能力的内涵 3、交际教学的基本特征； 4、交际教学活动的创设； 5、对交际教学法的评价；
Lesson1：ships and machinery 专业词汇： naval architect造船工程师 marine engineer轮机工程师hull 船体外壳propel推进 steer 操舵 anchor 抛锚 cargo-handling 货物装卸vibration振动longitudinal纵向的transverse横向的deck甲板 hatch 舱口 hatch cover舱盖 navigating bridge area 驾驶台communication centre通信中心 stabilizer 减摇鳍 container ship 集装箱船 bulk carrier 散货船 tanker液货船 passenger ship 客船 cruise ship 游船 pilot vessel 引航船 displacement排水量 deadweight 船舶载重量 light weight 船舶空船排水量 installation 安装layout 布置 gearbox 齿轮箱 direct-couple 直接传动diesel engine柴油机 team turbine 蒸汽轮机propeller 螺旋桨 prime mover原动机crankshaft 曲轴 cylinder 气缸 auxiliary辅助的 generator发电机 air compressor 空压机evaporator 造水机 heat exchanger 换热机 boiler 锅炉 funnel烟炊 twin-screw双螺旋 port左旋 starboard 右旋 waste combustion plant 焚烧炉bulkhead 船舱壁 metric米制的公制的 tug 拖船 非专业词汇： vehicle 交通工具habitability可居住性overlap 重合 ores 矿石 arbitrary 任意性distinct 清楚的独特的endure 持续度过 self-sustaining 自稳定自维持 Lesson2：how does a marine diesel engine work 专业词汇： internal combustion engine内燃机ignite 点燃 injection喷射 chamber腔室 piston活塞 spray 油雾 cycle循环 sequence顺序stroke 冲程alternator 交流发电机aspirate吸入atomized 雾化的auxiliary 辅助的blow 吹，鼓风 draw 抽吸centripetal 向心的
北极星电力 中国电力联盟 孤独不孤 5854210 zzw19890219 豆丁 5854210 汽轮机英语词汇 TURBINE VOCABULARY I Power station电站 1. power station电站 2. power plant电站，发电设备 3. utility电力部门 4.independent power producer (IPP)独立发电项目，独立发电站 5.nuclear power station核电站 6. thermal power station火电站 7. fossil (fired) power plant化石燃料电站，常规火电站 8. combined heat power (CHP) plant热电联供机组 9. steam power plant蒸汽电站，蒸汽发电设备 10. cogeneration power station热电联供电站 11. coal fired power plant燃煤电站 12. oil fired power plant燃油电站 13. gas filed power plant燃气电站 14. LNG power plant (liquefied natural gas)燃液化天然气电站 15. BoP (balance of plant)电站辅机 16. I&C (instrumentation and control)仪表和控制系统 II Turbine透平，涡轮 17. Turbine透平，涡轮 18. steam turbine汽轮机 19. gas turbine燃气轮机 20. nuclear turbine核电汽轮机 21. fossil turbine火电汽轮机
成都理工大学工程技术学院 《专业外语》课程教学大纲 核能系环境工程教研室编 2017年4月2日 一、课程简介 该课程主要讲授 二、Introduction This course mainly teaches 三、课程的目的和任务 1 目的和任务 本课程是对于水利水电工程专业学生专业英语能力训练和培养的一门重要课程，是对大学高年级学生继公共英语课程之后的一个重要补充和提高。 2 完成培养方案中哪项基本素质要求和业务培养要求 本课程着重从实用角度出发，使学生掌握水利类专业中大量的专业词汇、英语术语及用法，提高学生阅读和撰写英文科技文章的能力。通过教师讲解，结合学生课后查阅英文资料，培养学生听、说、写的综合能力，掌握本专业的当前动态和前沿发展。 四、课程学时分配表 总体安排：理论教学32学时，实验教学0学时。 课程主要教学内容及学时分配分别见下表：
五、课程教学内容和教学基本要求 1．教学内容及要求 （1）Chapter 1 Effective head of water turbine 基本要求：掌握水轮机工作的有效水头以及各种工作参数的定义。 （2）Chapter 2 Basic principles of turbine operation the Euler equation 基本要求：掌握水轮机的工作原理，特别是反击式水轮机的工作原理以及水轮机进口和出口速度三角形的描述与绘制。 （3）Chapter 3 Specific speed and classification of turbines 基本要求：掌握水轮机的比转速与水轮机的分类，以及他们之间的相互关系。 （4）Chapter 4 Turbine efficiency and speed regulation turbine 基本要求：掌握水轮机的效率与水轮机的转速调节装置，并通过不同的工况特点，合理调节水轮机转速。 （5）Chapter 5 Operation of the turbine under varying head 基本要求：掌握不同工况下，也就是不同水头情况下，水轮机运行变化特点。 （6）Chapter 6 Purpose of draft tubes 基本要求：掌握设置尾水管的目的，与尾水管的基本工作原理。 2．教学内容的重点、难点 重点：Basic principles of turbine operation the Euler equation 难点：各种生僻的专业词汇的掌握
《工业工程专业英语》课程教学大纲 课程编号：0803701057 课程名称：工业工程专业英语 英文名称：Professional English for Industrial Engineering 课程类型：专业任选课 总学时：32 讲课学时：32 实验学时：0 学分：2 适用对象：工业工程专业 先修课程：大学英语 一、课程性质、目的和任务 专业英语是工业工程专业的一门专业课，通过对本课程的学习，进一步巩固和提高英语水平，特别是提高阅读科技英语及本专业英语资料的能力。其任务是培养学生阅读、写作科技英语等方面的能力，使其能以英语为工具顺利获取有关本专业所需要的信息。 二、教学基本要求 了解专业英语的语法特点、专业英语的词汇特点及专业英语的各种文体中常用的符号、公式及其他。掌握工业工程专业的英语文献阅读和理解，能快速阅读科技文章，迅速获取信息和中心思想。理解专业英语翻译的基本方法。 三、教学内容及要求 1．Introduction to Industrial Engineering 了解工业工程的角色，工业工程毕业生的需求，学习本书的目的，掌握工业工程的定义。了解工业工程涉及的学科，工业工程的发展。了解美国工业工程专业在学科中的地位与中国的不同。 2．Work Study 工作研究和作业测量是工业工程领域最传统的研究内容。通过本章的学习，对工作研究和作业测量有一个全面的认识和了解。 3．Manufacturing Systems 了解制造系统的含义，制造系统的各个组成部分，掌握几种典型的制造系统及成组技术、柔性制造系统、敏捷制造等先进制造系统各自应用范围及特点。了解CAD，CAM，CAPP 等辅助制造系统在各种制造系统中的应用。 4．Production Planning and Control 掌握生产计划的主要内容，体会生产计划在生产系统中的重要性，掌握生产预测、生产计划的制定、生产计划控制的各种原理及方法。 5．Logistics Engineering 掌握物流工程中的基本术语。了解物流工程的内容和特点。了解EOQ的概念。掌握仓库运作的术语。 6．Ergonomics 对人因学发展的历史进行简要介绍的基础上对基本的人因系统模型进行阐述，并对未来
船舶英语 目录 一.职位及工种 (Titles and type of work) (1) 二、柴油机类 (Words about diesel engine) (3) 三、船舶机械类 (Words about marine machinery) ·· 11 四、阀门(Words about valve) (14) 五、泵类(Words about pump) (16) 六、甲板机械类（Deck machinery） (18) 七、工具类(Word about tools) (20) 八、常用物料(Material in common use) 26 九、常用紧固件 (Part of fixation in common use) (28) 十、常用油类(Oil in common use) (28) 十一、常用量词 (Quantifier in common use) (29) 十二、国家名称(Name of country) 。 30 十三、常用缩语 (abbreviation in common use) (31) 十四、船用动态常用单词(marine tends word) 32 十五、船舶机电设备操作词汇 (manipulate of marine equipment) ·33 十六、故障常用单词 (words about malfunction) (35) 十七、保养检修常用词汇 (Words about maintain and examination) 38 十八、常用数字(Numeral in common use) 40 十九、时间、季节与方向 (Time、Season and Direction) (42) 二十常用词组（Phrases in common use）·45 二十一、常用动词和例句 (Verb in common use and example) (48) 二十二、问候和常用表达语 (Greeting and common expression) (67) 二十三、主机提交过程用语 (Delivery expressions for main engine) 68 二十四、空压机和空气系统用语 (Air compressor and Air system) (75) 二十五、锅炉提交用语 (Delivery expressions for boiler) (77) 二十六、锚绞车提交过程用语(Delivery expressions for anchor windlass) 79 二十七、舵机提交过程用语 (Steering gear delivering) (87) 二十八、付机提交过程用语 （Delivery expression for A/E） (91) 二十九、救生艇提交过程用语 (Delivery expressions for lifeboat) ··92 三十、其他提交项目 (Delivery expressions for other items) (95) 三十一、甲板机械系泊试验 (Mooring test for deck machinery) (96) 三十二、机舱设备系泊试验 (Mooring test for the equipment in E/R) (98) 三十三、谈论故障常用语 （Expressions for trouble） (100) 三十四、谈论检修常用语 (Expressions for overhaul) (101) 三十五、谈论试验和检验 (Talking about test & check) (103) 三十六、谈论技术要求 (Talking about technology required) (105) 一．职位及工种(Titles and type of work) 1．船长 Captain 2．大副 Chief officer 3．二副 Second officer 4．三副 Third officer 5．四副 Fourth officer 6．水手长 Boatswain 7．水手 Sailor & Seaman 8．木匠 Carpenter 9．轮机长 Chief engineer 10．大管轮 Second engineer 11．二管轮 Third engineer 12．三管轮 Fourth engineer 13．机匠长 Chief motorman 15．机匠 Fitter 16．加油工 Oil man 17．大电 Chief electrician 18．电工 Electrician 19．车间主任 Workshop director 20．工长 Section chief 21．班长 Fore man 22．钳工 Fitter 23．主管工程师 Engineer in charge 24．机务&船东 Superintendent &Super &Owner 25．助理工程师 Assistant engineer 26．验船师（机）Register 27．验船师（船）Surveyor 28．油漆工 Painter 29．焊工 Welder 30．大橱 Chief cook 31．物料员 Store keeper 32．加油工 Oiler 33．机工 Mechanic 34．甲板员 Deck man 35．电线工 Wireman 36．外包工 Laborer 37．铸工 Molder 38．管子工 Pipe fitter 39．起重工 Crane operator 二、柴油机类(Words about diesel engine) 1．主机 Main engine 2．二冲程柴油机 Two-stroke diesel engine 3．四冲程柴油机 Fore-stroke diesel engine 4．高速柴油机 High speed diesel engine 5．中速柴油机 Middle speed diesel engine 6．低速柴油机 Low speed diesel engine 7．气缸盖(缸头) Cylinder head 8．安全阀 Safety valve 9．释放阀 Relief valve 10．示功阀 Indicator valve 11．示功考克 Indicator cock 12．空气起动阀 Air starting valve 13．起动空气分配器 Air starting distributor 14．油头(燃油喷射器) Fuel injector 15．排气阀 Exhaust valve 16．气缸套 Cylinder liner 17．冷却水套 Cooling water jacket 18．气缸注油器 Cylinder lubricator 19．活塞 Piston 20．活塞头 Piston crown 21．活塞裙 Piston skirt 22．活塞销 Piston gudgeon pin 24．活塞杆 Piston rod 25．活塞环 Piston ring 26．活塞环槽 Piston ring groove 27．压缩环 (气环) Compression ring 28．刮油环 (油环) Oil scraper ring 29．减磨令 Wear ring (copper ring) 30．伸缩管(水拉管) Telescopic pipe 31．活塞冷却空间 Piston cooling space 32．填料箱(函) Stuffing box 33．填料箱密封环Sealing ring for Stuffing box 34．填料箱压缩环 Pressure ring for Stuffing box 35．填料箱刮油环Scraper ring for Stuffing box 36．扫气箱 Scavenging receiver 37．扫气口 Scavenging port 38．排气口 Exhaust port 39．十字头 Cross head 40．十字头销 Crosshead pin 41．十字头轴承 Crosshead bearing 42．十字头滑块 Crosshead slipper 43．滑块 Guide shoe 44．十字头导板 Crosshead guide plate 45．连杆 Connecting rod 46．连杆大端轴承 Bid end bearing 47．连杆小端轴承 Small end bearing 48．曲柄轴承 Crank bearing 49．曲柄销 Crank pin 50．曲轴 Crank shaft 51．曲轴颈 Crank journal 52．曲柄臂 Crank web 53．拐档差 Crank deflection 54．主轴承 Main bearing 55．主轴颈 Main journal 56．轴承瓦 Bearing bush 57．上轴瓦 Upper bearing bush 58．上轴瓦 Upper half 59．下轴瓦 Lower bearing bush 60．下轴瓦 Lower half 61．推力轴承 Thrust bearing 62．推力块 Thrust pad 63．推力盘 Thrust disc 64．推力轴 Thrust shaft 65．底座 Bed plate 66．机架 Frame 67．曲柄箱 Crank case 68．曲柄箱导门 Crank case door 69．曲柄箱防爆门 Explosion-proof Crank case. 70．定时齿轮 Timing gear 71．飞轮 Flying wheel 72．凸轮 Cam 73．凸轮轴 Cam shaft 74．喷油凸轮 Fuel injection cam 75．链条 Chain 76．链条轮 Chain wheel 77．链条箱 Chain box 78．推杆 Push rod 79．摇臂 Rocker arm 80．排气阀 Exhaust valve 81．吸气阀 Suction valve 82．排气总管 Exhaust manifold 83．进气总管 Air inlet manifold 84．高压燃油管 High pressure fuel pipe 85．活塞冷却水管 Piston cooling water pipe 86．法兰 Flange 87．贯穿螺栓 Tie bolt (tie rod) 89．滑油泵 Lubricating oil pump 90．燃油泵 Fuel oil pump 91．滑油泵齿轮 Gear for lubricating oil pump 92．燃油泵齿轮 Gear for fuel oil pump 93．叶轮 Impeller 94．柱塞 Plunger 95．导杆 Guide rod 96．导套 Sleeve 97．滚动轴承 Ball bearing 98．滑动轴承 Sliding bearing 99．推力滚动轴承Thrust ball bearing 100．推力面 Thrust surface (thrust side) 101．盘车机 Turning gear 102．增压器 Turbocharger 103．涡轮机(透平) Turbine 104．涡轮 Turbine wheel 105．涡轮叶片 Turbine blade 106．喷嘴 Nozzle 107．废气叶轮 Exhaust impeller 108．废气叶轮片 Exhaust blade 109．废气端 Exhaust side 110．透平端 Turbine side 111．转子轴 Rotor shaft 112．油泵 L.O.pump 113．换向装置 Reversing device 114．换向伺服期 Reversing servomotor 115．压气机(鼓风机) Blower 116．膨胀接 Expansion joint 117．调速器 governor 118．飞重 Flying weight 119．补偿阀 Compensate valve 120．针阀 Needle valve 121．开口销 Cotter pin 122．轴封 Shaft seal 123．机械密封 Machinery seal 4
《经济学专业英语》教学大纲 大纲说明 课程代码： 3025050 总学时： 40 学时 总学分： 2.5 课程类别 : 必修 预修要求 : 西方经济学 一、课程性质、目的、任务: 本课程兼顾英语语言的学习应用和经济专业知识两个方面，学生在锻炼英语应用能力的 同时，又可学到经济学方面的知识。通过将英语与经济学方面的原理和基础知识相结合，培养学生具有较强的阅读能力、一定的会话及翻译能力，使他们能以英语为工具，顺利阅读本专业的英语材料、获取和交流本专业所需的信息、了解和熟悉经济学的最新发展与动态，并能在实践中加以运用。 二、课程教学的基本要求： 教学形式以课堂讲解为主，结合单元练习培养和提高学生应用英语的能力，能熟练掌握 经济学基本概念和基本理论以及专业术语。加强学生的口头交流能力和书面表达能力，个人发言和小组讨论相结合。除了完成课堂教学外，要求学生在课余进行广泛的相关内容的阅读。 三、大纲的使用说明： 1、推荐使用教材Pindyck和Rubinfeld合作编著的《Microeconomics》第6版，清华大学出版社 2、本课程建议学时为40 学时。根据计划课时的不同，授课内容可作适当调整。 大纲正文 Chapter 1 Preliminaries时间：4学时 Key points:limits;trade-offs;prices;markets; models; positive versus normative analysis Contents: ①The importance of limits for economic analysis ②Why people have to face trade-offs? ③Why economists think with models? ④What difference is positive economic analysis from normative economic analysis? Additional Text: Markets for prescription drugs
轮机英语词汇 1、pump 泵 ①Supply pump供给泵②transfer pump 输送泵 ③circulating pump 循环泵④bilge pump 舱底水泵 ⑤ballast pump 压载水泵 1、tank ①drain tank 泄放柜②service tank 日用柜 ③settling tank沉淀柜④storage tank 储存柜 ⑤circulating tank 循环柜⑥used oil tank 废油柜 ⑦buffer tank 缓冲柜⑧overflow tank 溢流柜 ⑨Collecting tank 收集柜⑩expansion water tank 膨胀水箱 2、water ①sea water (S.W.) 海水②fresh water (F.W.)淡水 ③operating water 工作水④sanitary water 卫生水 ⑤washing water冲洗水⑥refilling water 再注水 ⑦feed water给水⑧condensate water 冷凝水 ⑨bilge water 舱底水⑩sewage污水 2、oil ①fuel oil (F.O.) 燃油②lubricating oil (L.O.) 滑油 ③engine oil 机油④cylinder oil 气缸油 ⑤diesel oil (D.O.) 柴油⑥turbine oil 透平油 ⑦cool oil 冷却油⑧seal oil 密封油 3、temperature (temp) 温度 4、flow 流量 5、pressure（press）压力 6、power 功率 10、level 液位 11、vibration 振动 12、normal/abnormal 正常/异常 13、main/auxiliary (aux.) 主要/辅助的 14、inlet/exhaust 进气/排气 15、fire alarm 火警 16、fail/failure 故障 17、overload 过载 18、no-voltage 失电 19、leak/leakage 泄漏 20、wrong-way 错向 21、insulation(insul) 绝缘 22、oil mist 油雾 23、viscosity 粘度 24、density 浓度 25、salinity 盐度 26、oil content 油含量
rotational speed：转速 capacity: 功率 steam turbine: 蒸汽轮机 gas turbine: 燃气轮机 speed reduction ratio: 减速比displacement: 排量 flexible coupling: 柔性联轴节 maintenance interval：检修周期 gasoline engine：汽油机 draft：吃水线 torsional vibration damper: 减振器 torque：扭矩 prime mover：原动机 be aligned with: 与…对中 alignment：对中 thermal efficiency：热效率 loop scavenge：回流扫气 cross scavenge：横流扫气 uniflow scavenge：直流扫气 supercharge：增压 tappet clearance：挺杆间隙 spark plug：火花塞 indicator diagram：示功图 indicator cards：示功图 mechanical efficiency：机械效率compressed air: 压缩空气 coolant：冷却剂 occur：发生 spray of fuel: 雾状燃油，油雾 timing: 定时 foul: 使…脏污 fouling：污垢，脏污 stuffing box：填料函，填料箱 atmospheric pressure：大气压 camshaft：凸轮轴 cam：凸轮 internal combustion engine：内燃机 MIP（mean indicated pressure）：平均指示压力combustion chamber：燃烧室 compression ratio：压缩比 cylinder bore: 缸径 overlap：重叠 cross-head pin：十字头销 bearing shell：轴瓦 drill：钻孔，钻井，演习 angle：角度 expose：暴露，打开cycle：工作循环 uncover：打开 descending piston：下行的活塞 value：值，数值 decrease：降低，下降 increase：上升，增加 governor：调速器 governor weight：调速器的飞重 fuel injection：燃油喷射，喷油 reliability：可靠性 stroke coefficient：冲程系数 give off：释放，放出 naturally aspirated：自然吸气的，自然换气的admit：准许进入 intake valve：进气阀 linear motion：直线运动 rotary motion：回转运动 atomization：雾化 cylinder firing pressure：气缸的爆炸压力 be subjected to: 受到，遭受，承受 ignition lag：滞燃期 ignition delay period：滞燃期 degree：程度，学位 back pressure：背压 thermal energy：热能 mechanical energy: 机械能 clockwise：顺时针地 turbocharger：涡轮增压器 brake horsepower：制动马力 friction：摩擦 single acting：单作用式的 blow down：排气 mixing：混合的 mixture: 混合物 advantage：优势，优点 disadvantage：劣势，缺点 compare：对比 rocker arm：摇臂 foundation：基础 support：支撑，支持 maintenance access：维修通道 doors：道门 in-line engine：直列式柴油机 Vee engine：V型柴油机 connecting rod large end bearing：连杆大端轴承connecting rod small end bearing：连杆小端轴承cast iron：铸铁
《计算机专业外语》课程教学大纲 课程名称：计算机专业英语 课程编码：0714232080 适用专业及层次：计算机应用技术专业（3G移动通信软件开发方向） 课程总学时：36学时 课程总学分： 一、课程的性质、目的与任务 1、本课程的性质 计算机专业外语是计算机科学与技术本科专业的必修课。通过本课程的学习，能够提高学生阅读和理解计算机英文资料的能力，增强学生科技英语的写作水平及对外交流能力，使学生能够加深相关计算机课程的理解，为学生以后进一步提高打下坚实的基础。 2、课程目的与任务： 通过本课程的教学，使学生掌握一定数量的常用现代计算机专业英语词汇，能够比较熟练地看懂计算机屏幕信息的英语提示、菜单、帮助文件及出错信息，并能够基本阅读和翻译计算机的软、硬件手册、资料和说明书；学习和巩固计算机专业的基本概念和知识，以提高学生的综合能力。 二、教学内容、教学要求及教学重难点 Chapter 1 Information Technology, the Internet, and You 【教学内容】：本章主要研究内容为 1.Five parts to an information system: 2.People 3. Software 4.Hardware 5.Data 6.Connectivity,The Wireless Revolution, and the Internet 【教学要求】：1.Explain the five parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data； 2.Distinguish between system software and application software； 3.Discuss the three kinds of system software programs; 4.Distinguish between basic and specialized application software 5.Identify the four types of computers and the six types of microcomputers. 6.Describe the different types of computer hardware including the system
轮机英语名词性专业术语的特点及翻译摘要：研究轮机英语名词性专业术语的特点，重点探讨轮机英语名词性专业术语 构词特点、词法特点和语义特点，并讨论轮机英语名词性专业术语的翻译方法和 翻译技巧． 关键词：轮机英语；名词性专业术语；特点；翻译技巧 The characteristics of nominal terms of marine engineering English and their translation Abstract The characteristics of special nominal terms of marine engineering English are explored with a focus on three aspects----word formation，morphology and semantics．The translation techniques employed in translating special nominal terms of marine engineering English are also discussed． Key words marine engineering English；special nominal terms；characteristics； translation techniques 0 引言 轮机英语中有大量的名词性专业术语，这些术语在构词法、词法和语义等方面都有它自身的特点，这些特点又决定了其在汉译时必须选取特定的翻译方法和翻译技巧，因此，掌握轮机英语名词性专业术语的特点以及了解相应的翻译方法和技巧对于学习和翻译轮机英语是非常重要的．确实有一批工程技术人员，他们了解船舶机械的构造和原理，英语功底也比较好，而且对翻译表现出浓厚的兴趣，但是在翻译轮机英语时常常会感到茫然，原因之一可能就是由于对轮机英语中名词性专业术语的特点不够熟悉，对相应的翻译方法和翻译技巧缺乏分析和掌握．本文尝试归纳出轮机英语名词性专业术语的几个特点，并有针对性地提出翻译方法和技巧，以期对提高轮机英语的翻译质量有所帮助． 1 轮机英语名词性专业术语的特点 轮机英语属于科技英语，其词汇具有科技英语词汇的特点，如大量使用专用词汇，常用词汇具有专业意义，词性的转换较多等等．此外，轮机英语名词性专
调节保安系统governing and protection system 油系统oil system 辅机系统auxiliary system 安装要求requirement for installation 技术规范specification 辅助设备auxiliary equipment 安装数据data on installation 工况图condition curves 凝汽式汽轮机condensing steam turbine 转子部分rotary part 主轴main shaft 联轴器coupling 主油泵main oil pump 叶轮叶片bladed wheels 盘车齿轮turning gear 静子部分stationary part 汽缸casing 喷嘴组nozzle blocks 隔板diaphragm 挡板damper 汽封gland 轴承bearing 轴承座bearing housing 油动机servomotor 调节汽阀steam governing valve 公用底盘common chassis 单缸结构single casing structure 前汽缸inlet casing 后汽缸exhaust casing 垂直中分面vertical splits 主汽门main stop valve 调节汽阀蒸汽室steam chamber of steam governing valve 新蒸汽live steam 碳素钢welding carbon steel 铸钢steel casting 排汽室exhaust chamber 凝汽器condenser 排气接管exhaust adapter 膨胀节expansion loop 汽轮机本体steam turbine proper 猫爪lugs 沿轴向的axially 推力thrusting force 底脚法兰foot flanges 滑销系统sliding key system 纵销longitudinal keys 横销cross keys 立销vertical keys 润滑油槽oil grooves 润滑油lubricating oil 地脚螺栓anchor bolts 压紧螺栓hold-down bolts 调节级control stage 汽缸筒体casing barrel 测孔gauging hole 温差temperature differential 疏水口drain ports 喷嘴组nozzle block
《地理信息系统专业英语》课程教学大纲 【课程代码】： 【英文译名】：Professional English for Geographic Information System 【适用专业】：地理信息系统 【学分数】：3 【总学时数】：48 一、本课程教学目的和课程性质 《专业英语》是地理信息系统专业的一门必修课。 本课程的目的是使学生在进行了两年的公共英语学习后，在巩固已有知识的基础上，掌握科技英语的特点，具备教好的英语资料查阅及专业英语交流的能力。也就是说，开设本课程，主要是让学生具备“以英语为工具通过阅读获取专业所需信息的能力”。 通过本课程的学习，学生应在科技词汇、专业英语文献阅读速度、准确理解和翻译专业文献、摘要写作上有较大的提高。 二、本课程的基本要求 要求学生在学习完本课程后，能熟悉常用专业词汇，较流利地阅读并准确理解一般难度的英语原文专业文献和参考资料，能正确地撰写论文的英语摘要。 具体而言，本课程结束时，学生应掌握常见的科技英语词缀，识记词汇表中常见的300个左右专业词汇；阅读速度70词/分钟、理解力正确率70%；翻译(笔译、英→汉)350词(英)/小时；毕业设计（论文）的英语摘要语法、句法、词汇准确率达70%。 三、本课程与其他课程的关系 先修《综合外语L》。 修完本课程并考试合格后，对后续专业课程的学习过程中查阅英文资料等很有帮助。四、课程内容 课程的学习以阅读为主，精读部分要求准确理解文章内容，理解文章细节文法结构，泛读部分则通过大量快速的阅读理解，形成较为强烈的语言环境氛围，用以强化专业英语意识。并在学习中以分类词汇学习和汉英，英汉翻译和摘要写作练习为辅。 重点：巩固和提高学生在基础英语阶段中获得的能力，扩大词汇量。提高阅读能力和理解能力。培养科技英语写作能力。本课程的内容安排如下所示：