一、字母
字母顺序表
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
二、语音
音素、音标的概念
（1）音素是记录英语语音的最小单位，英语共48个音素，20个元音，28个辅音。（2）音标是记录音素的符号，现在我们用国际上通用的48个音标来记录英语语音。为了把音标与字母进行区分，常把音标放在[ ]或者/ /里。
音标的分类：48个音标可分为元音和辅音两大类。
1、元音：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流在通过口腔时，不受阻碍发出的语音叫做元音。国际音标中有20个元音，里面包括12个单元音和8个双元音。
单元音：[i:] [i] [e] [?] [a:] [?] [?:] [?] [?:] [?] [u:] [u]
前元音：[i:] [i] [e] [?]
后元音：[ɑ:] [?:] [?] [u:] [u]
中元音：[?] [?:] [?]
双元音：[ai] [ei] [i?] [?u] [u?] [au] [ε?] [?i]
2、辅音：辅音音标：分为清辅音和浊辅音，清辅音发音时声带不振动，浊辅音发音时声带振动。
清辅音：[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [t∫] [tr] [ts] [h]
浊辅音：[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [m] [n] [?] [l] [r] [w] [j]
辅音：
爆破音：[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
鼻音： [m] [n] [?]
摩擦音：[f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [e] [∫] [з] [r] [h]
破擦音：[t∫] [dз] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz]
半元音：[w] [j] 舌边音：[l]
前元音
[i:]
he [ hi:]他 she [∫i: ]她 beef [ bi:f ] 牛肉
jeep [ dзi:p ]吉普车 key [ ki: ] 钥匙 meat [ mi:t ] 肉
cheap [t∫i:p ] 便宜的
[i]
fish [ fi∫ ] 鱼 gym [ dзim ] 健身房 kid [ kid ] 小孩fifth [ fif θ ] 第五 sister [ 'sist? ] 姐妹 this [ eis ] 这个
is [ iz]是 six [ siks ] 六 slipper [ 'slip? ]拖鞋[e]
desk [ desk ] 桌子 pencil [ 'pens?l ]铅笔 pen [ pen ] 钢笔
dress [ dres ] 连衣裙 red [ red ] 红色的 eleven [ i'lev?n ] 十一
bed [ bed ] 床 bread [ bred] 面包 egg [ eɡ]蛋 yes [jes ]
[?]
bag [ [b?g] ]包 fan [ f?n ] 风扇 math [ m?θ ]数学
jacket [ 'dз?kit ] 夹克衫 rabbit [ 'r?bit ] 兔子 apple [ '?pl ]苹果
can [ k?n] 可以 cabbage ['k?bidз] 卷心菜
中元音
[?]
young [ j?? ]年轻人 funny [ 'f?ni ]滑稽可笑的 Monday['m?ndi ]星期一 Sunday['s?ndi ] lunch [ l?n t∫ ]午餐 under [ '?nd? ]在…下面sometimes [ 's?mtaimz ]有时
[?:]
curtain [ 'k?:t?n ]窗帘 her [ h?:]她的 skirt [ sk?:t ]裙子
shirt [∫?:t ]衬衫 girl [g?:l ] 女孩 nurse [ n?:s ]护士
thirty [ 'θ?:ti ]三十
[?]
today [ t?'dei ]今天 mirror [ 'mir? ]镜子 river [ 'riv? ]河，江
summer [ 's?m? ]夏季 winter [ 'wint? ] 冬季 colour [ 'k?l? ]颜色computer [ k?m'pju:t? ]电脑 kangaroo [ ,k?ng?'ru: ]袋鼠
后元音 [ ɑ:]
bathroom [ 'bɑ:θrum ] 卫生间 are [ ɑ:]是 classroom [ 'klɑ:srum ]教室bathroom [ 'bɑ:θrum ] 卫生间
[u: ]
fruit [ fru:t ]水果 noon [ nu:n ]中午 kangaroo [ ,k?ng?'ru: ]袋鼠
school [ sku:l ]学校 blue [ blu: ]蓝色的 cool [ ku:l ] 凉爽的shoe [∫u: ] 鞋子 soup [ su:p] bedroom [ 'bedru(:)m ] 卧室[ u ]
book [ buk ] 书 look [ luk ] wood [ wud ]树林
notebook [ 'n?utbuk ]笔记本
双元音(一)
[ai]
kind [ kaind]和蔼的 like [ laik ]喜欢 why [ hwai ] 为什么
July [dзu:lai]七月 sometimes [ 's?mtaimz ] 有时 fight [ fait ] 打架
[ei]
grape [greip ]葡萄 lake [ leik ]湖泊 eight [ eit ]八today [ t?'dei ]今天 they [ eei]他们 may [ mei ] 可以
name [ neim ]名字 cake [ keik ]蛋糕 snake [ sneik ]蛇[i?]
here [ hi? ] 这里 ear [ i? ]耳朵 dear [ di? ]亲爱的near[ni?]近的 really [ 'ri?li]真地
[?u]
old [ ?uld]老的 tofu [ 't?ufu: ]豆腐 potato [ p?'teit?u ]土豆
tomato [ t?'mɑ:t?u]西红柿 clothes [ kl?uez ]衣服 road [ r?ud ]马路
yellow [ 'jel?u ]黄色的 cold [ k?uld ]寒冷的 snowy [ 'sn?ui ]下雪的
双元音(二)
[u?]
sour [ 'sau? ] 酸的 sure [∫ u?]当然可以 flower['flau?] 花
[au]
flower [ 'flau? ]花 house [ haus]房子 about [ ?'baut ]关于
playground [ 'pleigraund ]操场 now [ nau ]现在 mouth [ mauθ ] 嘴巴cloud [ klaud ]云 wow [ wau ] 哇 mountain [ 'mauntin ]山
[ε?]
there [ eε?]那里 wear [ wε? ]穿着 pair [ pε? ]一双
yeah [ jε? ]是 chair [ t∫ε? ]椅子
[?i]
boy [ b ?i ] 男孩 toy [ t ?i ]玩具
noise [ n ?i z ]噪音 enjoy [ in'dз?i ]享受
爆破音
[p]
pencil [ 'pens?l铅笔 pen [ pen ] 钢笔 picture [ 'pikt∫? ] pants [ p?nts ]裤子 play [ plei ]玩 pear [ pε? ]梨potato [ p?'teit?u ]土豆 park [ pɑ:k ]公园 please [ pli:z ]请[b]
book [ buk ]书 boy [ b ?i ]男孩 bed [ bed ]床beef [ bi:f ]牛肉 bread [ bred ]面包 brother [ 'br?e? ]兄
board [ b ?:d ]木板 big [ big]大的 banana [ b?'nɑ:n?]香蕉
[t]
two [ tu: ]二 ten [ ten ]十 time [ taim ]时间today [ t?'dei ] 今天 twelve [ twelv ]十二 twenty [ 'twenti ]二十
tofu [ 't?ufu: ] 豆腐 tomato [ t?'mɑ:t?u]西红柿 tasty [ 'teisti ]美味的
teacher [ 'ti:t∫? ]老师 tell [ tel ] 告诉
[d]
door [ d ?: ]门 desk [ desk ]桌子 dog [ [d?ɡ]狗
do [du: ]做 dinner [ 'din? ]晚餐 doctor [ d? kt? ]医生
duck [ d?k ]鸭子 day [ dei ]一天 food [ fu:d ]食物
[k]
kind [ kaind ]和蔼的 kitchen [ 'kit∫ in ]厨房 kangaroo [ ,k?ng?'ru: ]袋鼠
climb [ klaim ]爬，攀登 computer [ k?m'pju:t? ]电脑 kid [ kid ]小孩
clean [ kli:n ]清洁的 come [ k?m ]来 cousin [ 'k?z?n ]堂兄弟姐妹[g]
girl [g?:l ]女孩 green [gri:n ]绿色 grape [greip ]葡萄grass [grɑ:s]草 garden [ 'gɑ:dn ]花园祖母 grandfather [ 'gr?nd,fɑ:e? ]
go [g?u ]走祖父goat [g?ut ]山羊
鼻音
[m]
milk [ milk ]牛奶 mother [ 'm?e? ]母亲 me [ mi:]我
may [ mei ]可以 my[ mai ]我的 mom [ m?m ]妈妈
math [ m?θ ]数学 mirror [ 'mir? ]镜子 mutter [ 'm?t? ]羊肉
[n]
nurse [ n?:s ]护士 new [ nju:]新的 name [ neim ]名字nine [ nain ]九 now [ nau ]现在 November[ n?u 'vemb?]十一月ninth[ nainθ ]第九 next [ nekst ]下次 near [ ni? ]近的[?]
strong [ str??, str ?:? ]强壮 long [ l??, l ?:? ]长的pink [ pi?k ]粉红色 english [ 'i?gli∫ ]英语 evening [ 'i:vni? ]晚上
摩擦音（一）[f]
friend [ frend ]朋友 fish [ fi∫ ]鱼 father [ 'fɑ:e? ] 爸爸
fan [ f?n ]风扇 flow [ fl?u ]流动 flower [ 'flau? ]
for [f ?: ]为了 four [ f ?: ] 四 five [ faiv ]五 fresh [ fre∫ ] 新鲜
[v]
very [ 'veri ]很，非常 twelve [ twelv ]十二 vest [ vest ] 背心active [ '?ktiv ]积极的 summer [ 's?m? ] 夏天 five [ faiv ]五favourite [ 'feiv?rit ]最喜爱的 evening [ 'i:vni? ]晚上
everyone [ 'evriw?n ] 每个人 vegetable [ 'vedзit?bl ]蔬菜
[s]
student [ 'stju:d?nt]学生 sorry [ 's ?:ri]对不起 six [ siks ]六strong [ str ??, str ?: ? ]强壮 seven [ 'sev?n ]七 strict [ strikt ]严格
sky [ skai ]天空 summer [ 's?m? ]夏季 sleep [ sli:p ] 睡觉
[z]
season [ 'si:z?n ]季节 because [ bi'k?z ]因为 woods[woodz]树林zebra [ 'zi:br? ]斑马 zero [ 'zi?r?u]零 please [ pli:z ]高兴
摩擦音（二）
[θ]
thin [ θin ]瘦的 fifth [ fifθ ] 第五 math [ m?θ ]数学
path [ pɑ:θ, p?θ ]道路 healthy [ 'helθi ]健康的 ninth [ nainθ ]第九
mouth [ mauθ ]嘴巴 thirty [ 'θ?:ti ]三十
[e]
brother [ 'br?e? ]兄弟 father [ 'fɑ:e? ]父亲 mother [ 'm?e? ]母亲
this [ eis]这个 that [ e?t]那个
they [ eei]他们 there [ eε? ]那里 those [ e?uz ]那些
[∫]
fish [ fi∫ ]鱼 fresh [ fre∫ ] 新鲜的 english [ 'i?gli ∫ ]英语
short [∫?:t ]短的 she [∫i: ] 她 washroom [ 'w ?∫rum ]洗手间
[з] Usually ['ju: зu?li]通常
[r]
ruler [ 'ru:l? ]尺子 rice [ rais ]米饭 run [ r?n ]跑really [ 'ri?li]真地right [ rait ]正确的 red [ red ]红的
river [ 'riv? ]河，江 road [ r?ud ]马路 fresh [ fre∫ ]新鲜的
[h]
hen [ hen ]母鸡 hundred [ 'h?ndr? d ] 一百 he [ hi:]他
house [ haus, hauz ] 房子 honey [ 'h?ni ]蜂蜜 home [ h?um ] 家
破擦音
[t∫]
lunch [ l?nt∫ ]午饭 teacher [ 'ti:t∫? ]老师 chair [ t∫ε? ]椅子
chopsticks [ 't∫? pstiks ]筷子 picture [ 'pikt∫? ]照片
[dз]
jeep [ dзi:p ] 吉普车 gym [ dзim ] 健身房 jacket [ 'dз?kit ]夹克vegetable [ 'vedзit?bl ]蔬菜 cabbage ['k?bidз]卷心菜 jump [ dз?mp ]跳
[tr]
strict [ strikt ]严格的 strong [ str ??, str ?:? ]强壮 tree [ tri: ] 树木
[dr]
hundred [ 'h?ndr? d ] 一百 draw [ dr ?: ]画 dress [ dres ]穿，连衣裙bedroom [ 'bedru(:)m ]卧室
[ts]
short [∫?:ts ]短的 pants [ p?nts ] 短裤
[dz] woods [ wudz ] 树林
半元音[w]
window [ 'wind?u ]窗户 wall [ w ?:l ]墙 weather [ 'wee? ]天气
windy [ 'windi ] 有风的 weekend [ ,wi:k'end]周末 wait [ weit ]等white [ hwait ]白的 winter [ 'wint? ]冬季
半元音[j]
yes [ yes ]是 yesterday [ 'jest?ddei ]昨天 yet [ jet ]但是your [ j ?:]你的 you [ ju: ]你，你们 young [ j?? ]年轻的year [ ji?]一年
舌边音[l]
ruler [ 'ru:l? ] 尺子 milk [ milk ]牛奶 light [ 'lait ]灯floor [ fl ?:] 地板 shelf [∫elf ] 书架 plate [ pleit ]碟子library [ 'laibr?ri ]图书馆 help[ help ] 帮助 lunch [ l?nt∫ ]中饭
讲解词缀记忆方法
前缀例词派生词
un- “不” happy unhappy like unlike usual unusual friendly unfriendly
im-“不” possible impossible
im 表示不如： impossible不可能的 immoral 不道德的
in 表示不、向内 informal 非正式的 inhuman 不人道的
non 表示无 nonparty 无党派的 nonmetal 非金属
pro 表示向前 progress 进步 prognostic 预兆
re 表示回、重新 review 复习 reaction 反应
后缀例词派生词
-er“人” teach teacher play player clean cleaner
drive driver（以e结尾，-r）run runner（重读闭音节，双写-er) win winner
-or“人”invent inventor visit visitor
-ly（副词后缀） bad badly quick quickly careful carefully happy happily deep deeply lucky luckily usual usually noisy noisily slow slowl angry angrily strong strongly
特例： true truly terrible terribly possible possibly
-ful（形容词后缀） care careful help helpful use useful
-y （形容词后缀） rain rainy luck lucky cloud cloudy wind windy noise noisy（以e结尾，去e，加-y）
snow snowy sun sunny（双写，加-y）
-ion（名词后缀） invent invention operate operation
-ness（名词后缀） busy business good goodness
ist 表示人如:copyist 抄写员 socialist 社会主义者
ment 表示行为如：enjoyment 娱乐 movement 运动
一些特例：
动词－－－形容词sleep asleep die dead enjoy enjoyable 动词－－－现在分词转化为名词
boat boating build building begin beginning
cross crossing meet meeting turn turning
名词－－－形容词
friend friendly south southern wool woolen danger dangerous difference different fry fried worry worried
动词－－－过去分词转为形容词
break broken lose lost please pleased colour coloured
动词－－－名词
know knowledge
fly flight
名词－－－名词
farm farmer 农夫
动词－－－现在分词、过去分词转为形容词
follow following
interest interested“感兴趣的”只作表语，仅用于be interested in
interesting “有趣的”
可作表语和定语
develop developed “发达的”
developing “发展中的”