201111笔译实务英译汉

汉译英 历史雄辩地说明，中美之间建⽴在平等互利基础上的劳动分⼯是最为合理和实⽤的国际关系。中国物美价廉的制成品源源不断地⾛上美国超级市场的货架，⽽美国的农产品、⾼新技术产品，连同跨国公司的资本和技术，滚滚不息地涌进中国⼤陆。中国⼈民以其勤劳的双⼿，增进了美国的福祉，促使其产业升级换代;⽽北美这块⼴袤⽽⼜富绕的⼟地，也以其精华滋润和促进了中国的现代化进程。经贸合作是两国能够找到共同语⾔的领域。以谋求共同利益来减少或淡化意识形态差异和现实利害冲突，过去是、今后更是双⽅寻求和平共处的必由之路。

【参考译⽂】 It has been proved by enough historical evidence that the labor division based on equality and mutual benefits betweenChina and the United States is the most rational and practical international relation. The high-quality and inexpensivecommodities have appeared in more and more supermarkets in the United States，while the produce and the hi-techproducts have been introduced to the mainland of China on a daily basis. The Chinese people, with their diligence, havehelped enhance the welfare of the American people and update their industries. Similarly, the American people, backed bytheir vast and rich land, have contributed greatly to the modernization of China with their essence. The economic and tradecooperation is the best way for the two parties to seek common interests. To bypass the differences in the two ideologies andavoid the conflicts in the real life in pursuit of common interests was and will be the only way for the two parties to achievepeaceful coexistence.

英译汉 passage1Apple may well be the only technical company on the planet that would dare compare itself to Picasso.苹果可能是世界上唯一敢自比毕加索的科技公司。

(相媲美的)1. dare：A. (have the courage)敢to dare (to) do [something]敢做某事she dare(s) not or daren't or doesn't dare leave the baby alone 她不敢让宝宝独自待着I dare say, ...也许，…B.激to dare [somebody] to do [something]激某人做某事somebody dared me to jump off the bridge有人激我从桥上跳下去I dare you to ask her (to dance)我谅你不敢邀请她（跳舞）dare加to和不加to是有不同意思的，要加以区别。

In a class at the company's internal university, the instructor （导师）likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso’s The Bull to the way Apple builds its smart phones and other devices. The idea is that Apple designers strive for simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.在苹果公司内部大学的一堂课上，讲师曾提到毕加索绘制名画《公牛》时的11 块石版画，他认为苹果打造智能手机等设备的过程与之类似。

2013年11月英语二级《笔译实务》试题Part A Compulsory Translation（必译题）The archivists requested a donkey, but what they got from the mayor’s office were four wary black sheep, which, as of Wednesday morning, were chewing away at a lumpy field of grass beside the municipal archives building as the City of Paris’s newest, shaggiest lawn mowers. Mayor Bertrand Delano? has made the environment a priority since his election in 2001, with popular bike- and car-sharing programs, an expanded network of designated lanes for bicycles and buses, and an enormous project to pedestrianize the banks along much of the Seine.The sheep, which are to mow (and, not inconsequentially, fertilize) an airy half-acre patch in the 19th District intended in the same spirit. City Hall refers to the project as “eco-grazing,” and it notes that the four ewes will prevent the use of noisy, gas-guzzling mowers and cut down on the use of herbicides.Paris has plans for a slightly larger eco-grazing project not far from the archives building, assuming all goes well; similar projects have been under way in smaller towns in the region in recent years.The sheep, from a rare, diminutive Breton breed called Ouessant, stand just about two feet high. Chosen for their hardiness, city officials said, they will pasture here until October inside a three-foot-high, yellow electrified fence.“This is really not a one-shot deal,” insisted René Dutrey, the adjunct mayor for the environment and sustainable development. Mr. Dutrey, a fast-talking man in orange-striped Adidas Samba sneakers, noted that the sheep had cost the city a total of just about $335, though no further economic projections have been drawn up for the time being.A metal fence surrounds the grounds of the archives, and a security guard stands watch at the gate, so there is little risk that local predators — large, unleashed dogs, for instance — will be able to reach the ewes.Curious humans, however, are encouraged to visit the sheep, and perhaps the archives, too. The eco-grazing project began as an initiative to attract the public to the archives, and informational panels have been put in place to explain what, exactly, thesheep are doing here.But the archivists have had to be trained to care for the animals. In the unlikely event that a ewe should flip onto her back, Ms. Masson said, someone must rush to put her back on her feet.Part B Optional Translation（二选一题）Topic 1 （选题一）Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept. 6, 1921. As a Boy Scout he learned Morse code, the spark that would ignite his invention.After spending World War II on the Manhattan Project , Mr. Woodland resumed his studies at the Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia (it is now Drexel University), earning a bachelor’s degree in 1947.As an undergraduate, Mr. Woodland perfected a system for delivering elevator music efficiently. He planned to pursue the project commercially, but his father, who had come of age in “Boardwalk Empire”-era Atlantic City, forbade it: elevator music, he said, was controlled by the mob, and no son of his was going to come within spitting distance.The younger Mr. Woodland returned to Drexel for a master’s degree. In 1948, a local supermarket executive visited the campus, where he implored a dean to develop an efficient means of encoding product data. The dean demurred, but Mr. Silver, a fellow graduate student who overheard their conversation, was intrigued. He conscripted Mr. Woodland.An early idea of theirs, which involved printing product information in fluorescent ink and reading it with ultraviolet light, proved unworkable.But Mr. Woodland, convinced that a solution was close at hand, quit graduate school to devote himself to the problem. He holed up at his grandparents’ home in Miami Beach, where he spent the winter of 1948-49 in a chair in the sand, thinking.To represent information visually, he realized, he would need a code. The only code he knew was the one he had learned in the Boy Scouts.What would happen, Mr. Woodland wondered one day, if Morse code, with itselegant simplicity and limitless combinatorial potential, were adapted graphically? He began trailing his fingers idly through the sand.“What I’m going to tell you sounds like a fairy tale,” Mr. Woodland told Smithsonian magazine in 1999. “I poked my four fingers into the sand and for whatever reason — I didn’t know — I pulled my hand toward me and drew four lines. Now I have four lines, and they could be wide lines and narrow lines instead of dots and dashes.’ ”Today, bar codes appears on the surface of almost every product of contemporary life. All because a bright young man, his mind ablaze with dots and dashes, one day raked his fingers through the sand.201211 Passage 1Tucked away in this small village in Buckinghamshire County is the former Elizabethan coaching inn where William Shakespeare is said to have penned part of "A Midsummer Night's Dream."Dating from 1534, the inn, now called Shakespeare House, is thought to have been built as a Tudor hunting lodge. Later it became a stop for travelers between London and Stratford-upon-Avon, where Shakespeare was born and buried.It was "Brief Lives," a 17th-century collection of biographies by John Aubrey, that linked Shakespeare to the inn, saying that he had stayed there and drawn inspiration for the comedy while in the village.One of the current owners, Nick Underwood, said the local lore goes even further: "It is also said he appears at the oriel window on the top floor of the house on April 23 every year -- the date he is said to have been born and to have died.""In later years, the house later became a farmhouse, with 150 acres of land, but, over time, pieces were sold off," Mr. Underwood said. "In the 20th century, it was owned by two American families." Now, he and his co-owner, Roy Elsbury, have put the seven-bedroom property on the market at ￡1.375 million, or $2.13 million. Despite its varied uses and renovations over the years, the 4,250-square-foot, or 395-square-meter, inn has retained so much of its original character that the organization English Heritage lists it as a Grade II* property, indicating that it is particularly important and of "more than special interest." Only 27 percent of the 1,600 buildings on the organization's register have this designation.We knew of the house before we bought it and were very excited when it came up for sale. It is so unusual to find an Elizabethan property of this size, in this area, and when we saw it, we absolutely fell in love with it," Mr. Underwood said. "We have taken great pleasure in working on it and living here. This house is all about the history."In addition to being the owners' home, the property currently is run as a luxury guest house, with rooms rented for ₤99 to ₤250 a night."Shakespeare House is a wonderful example of Elizabethan architecture," said DeanHeaviside, the national sales director of Fine real estate agency, which is representing the owners. "It has been beautif-ully restored and offers a unique lifestyle, which brings a taste of the past together with modern-day comfort. It is rare to find a home like this on the market."Passage 2The ancient frozen dome cloaking Greenland is so vast that pilots have crashed into what they thought was a cloud bank spanning the horizon. Flying over it, you can scarcely imagine that it could erode fast enough to dangerously raise sea levels any time soon.Along the flanks in spring and summer, however, the picture is very different. For an increasing number of warm years, a network of blue lakes and rivulets of melt-water has been spreading ever higher on the icecap.The melting surface darkens, absorbing up to four times as much energy from the sun as snow, which reflects sunlight. Natural drainpipes called moulins carry water from the surface into the depths, in some places reaching bedrock.The process slightly, but measurably, lubricates and accelerates the grinding passage of ice towards the sea.Most important, many glaciologists say, is the break-up of huge semi-submerged clots of ice where some large Greenland glaciers, particularly along the west coast, squeeze through fiords as they meet the warming ocean. As these passages have cleared, this has sharply accelerated the flow of many of these creeping, corrugated and frozen rivers.Some glaciologists fear that the rise in seas in a warming world could be much greater than the upper estimate of about 60 centimetres this century made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change last year. (Seas rose less than 30 centimetres last century.)The panel's assessment did not include factors known to contribute to ice flows but not understood well enough to estimate with confidence. SCIENTIFIC scramble is under way to clarify whether the erosion of the world's most vulnerable ice sheets, in Greenland and west Antarctica, can continue to accelerate. The effort involves fieldand satellite analyses and sifting for clues from past warm periods,Things are definitely far more serious than anyone would have thought five years ago. Passage 1中国是一个发展中国家。

2011-1-15 8：30~11:30am，政治，全国统考一，单选题二，多选题其中单选20道，多选14道吧，不记得很清楚了，考查的重点是经济学，特别是我国的市场经济，当然还有法学、马哲、和一点点历史，不算难。

三，材料分析，记得有4-5道题，每题中有2-3道小题，考了我记得有市场经济——历史与经济结合，简述我国经济的发展；哲学中的矛盾，实践与自然、人的关系；我国的国际地位和环境；多民族党派与中共关系。

这些题只要能把政治的基本脉络理清，加上一些历史和法学知识，其实都不难。

1月15号下午，14；00-17；00，翻译硕士英语，共四道大题；第一大题，选择题，20‘，选出划线句子或词语的合适解释，有点类似大学阅读课本的选择题。

第二大题，选择题，10’，找出划线句子的语法错误，难度不是很大，有专四水平可以做出。

第三大题，阅读，4篇，每篇600-700词，每篇回答五个问题，选择的，不难。

呵呵，有些可以说是不用看文章就可以选出的。

第四大题，写作，要求400字，“what gratitude means to me?"翻译硕士英语总体来说有点难度，真得把英语基础打牢。

2011-1-16 8:30~11:30am 翻译基础英语一，名词解释，共40道题1-20道题，英译中，如：CPI IDD UNESO hard news government watchdog ....21-40道题：中译英，如：经济适用房生态文明节能减排全球变暖 ...二，篇章翻译英译汉，长度461词，是关于一篇Labor owner how to create the power,wealth and fortune的文章，时间隔得太久了，只能有大概印象了。

汉译英，长度386字，是关于老鼠为什么在十二生肖中排第一 ....老鼠的危害....老鼠的可爱。

其中有这么一句我印象很深刻：老鼠是四害之一，“老鼠过街，人人喊打”。

2011-1-16 下午 14：00~17:00 汉语写作与百科知识（全中文答题，很有意思的一门考试）一，名词解释，共三道大题，每道大题都是先给出一段话，然后就划线的部分解释：1. 1）丝绸之路 2）中亚 3）西亚 4）中东 5）河西走廊 6）塔克拉玛干沙漠 7）帕米尔高原 8）阳关 9）陇西 10）干阐....2. 1）魏源 2）海国图志 3）明治维新 4）太平天国 5）洋务运动 ......3. 1）陆九渊 2）进士第 3）朱熹 4）靖康之变 5）论语 .....二，小作文写通知，按规定格式写通知，党中央国务院对中国人民银行....的通知，忘了...三，大作文要求写议论文，话题是”真诚待人处事“说实话，考研（翻译硕士英语笔译）每科都有三个小时，真的够充足的时间了，是一项纯能力考试，即将毕业的都可以考考，很有意义。

20110529人事部笔译三级英译汉真题The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge stands tall in the British countryside as one of the last remnants of the Neolithic Age. Recently it has also become the latest symbol of another era: the new fiscal austerity.A plan to replace the site’s run-down visitors center with one almost five times bigger and to close a busy road that runs along the 5,000-year-old monument had to be mothballed in June. The British government had suddenly withdrawn ￡10 million, or $16 million, in financing for the project as part of a budget austerity.Stonehenge, once a temple with giant stone slabs aligned in a circle to mark the passage of the sun, is among the most prominent victi ms of the government’s spending cuts. The decision was heavily criticized by local lawmakers, especially because Stonehenge, a UNESCO W orld Heritage site, was part of London’s successful bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games. The shabby visitors’ center ther e now is already too small for th e 950,000 people who visit Stonehenge each year, let alone the additional onslaught of tourists expected for the Games, the official says.Stonehenge is the busiest tourist attraction in Britain’s southwest, topping even Windsor Castle. But no major impro vements havebeen made to the facilities there since they were built 40 years ago. For now, portable toilets lead from a crammed parking lot, a makeshift souvenir shop in a tent, a ticket office opposite a small kiosk that sells coffee and snacks.The overhaul was scheduled for next spring in 2011. The plan,held by Denton Corker Marshall, the architectural firm, would keep the stone monument itself unchanged. But the current ticket office and shop would be demolished and a new visitors center would be built on the other side of the monument, about 2.5 kilometers, or 1.5 miles, from the stones. The center would have included a shop almost five times the size of the current one, a proper restaurant, three times as many parking spots and an exhibition space to provide more information about Stonehenge’s history.A transit system would have shuttled visitors between the center and the stones while footpaths would have encouraged tourists to walk to the monument and explore the surrounding burial hills. The closed road would be grassed over to improve the surrounding landscape.Last year, the ￡27 million project won the backing of former Prime Minister Gordon Brown. After more than 25 years of bickering with local communities about how and where to build the new center, planning permission was granted in January. Construction was supposed to start and be completed in time for the Olympics, but the economic recession has changed.The new prime minister, David Cameron, has reversed many of his predecessor’s promi ses as part of a program to cut more than ￡99 billion annually over a period of five years to help to close a gaping budget deficit. The financing for Stonehenge fell in the first round of cuts, worth about ￡6.2 billion, from the budget for the current year, along with support for a hospital and t he British Film Institute.English Heritage, a partly government-financed organization that owns Stonehenge and more than 400 other historic sites in the country, is now aggressively looking for private donations.But the economic downturn has made the endeavor more difficult.Loraine Knowles, Stonehenge’s project director, said she was disappointed that the government had withdrawn money while continuing to support museums in London. But she said she was hopeful that English Heritage could raise the money elsewhere. Stonehenge, she said, could then also become “a shining example of how philanthropy could work.”。

上海外国语2011翻译基础英汉互译真题MDGS Millennium Development Goals 千禧年发展计划Ban Ki-moon 潘基文国务卿Secretary of State雷曼兄弟(Lehman Brothers)次贷危机sub-prime crisis西部大开发战略strategy of western developmentCAD: 计算机辅助设施red star over china：《西行漫记》个体工商户：private business鸦片战争：First Opium War民革: Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang 即中国国名党革命委员会民盟: China Democratic League限价房: limited price社会保障体系: Social Security System国计委: state planning conmmissionNASA:美国国家航空航天局FBI : 美国联邦调查局UNESCO: 联合国科教文组织CCTV:中国中央电视台IAEA: 国际原子能机构FDI: 外商直接投资Diet of Japan:国会The Tories: 托利党王党保守党The Treasure Department of the U.S : 美国财政部The State Department in the Washington: 华盛顿美国国务院Balance of Payments: 国际收支平衡港人治港：Hong Kong Self-rule Hong Kong people govern Hong Kong全面建设小康社会：to build a moderately prosperous society in all aspects中国特色社会主义：socialism with Chinese characteristic构建两岸关系和平发展的框架: Constructing peaceful development of cross-straits relations framework知足常乐：content is happiness水火无情：Fire and water have no mercy一蹶不振：cannot recover after a setbackGenetic mutation: 基因突变International Herald Tribune: 《国际先驱论坛报》一次性筷子：one-off chopsticks按揭贷款：mortgage loanIATA: 国际航空运输协会IPR:知识产权UNICEF: 联合国国际儿童基金bonded warehouse: 保税仓Binary theory: 二进制理论温室气体：greenhouse gases转基因食物：GM FOODAPEC: 亚太经合组织售后服务：after-sale servicede facto: 实际制艾滋病毒：AIDS virus应用语言学：applied linguisticCBS: 哥伦比亚广播公司dynamic equivalence: 动态对等法P ostScript：附言transliteration：直译overtranslation：超额翻译black sheep：害群之马outsource：外包山寨手机：copycat cellphones破釜沉舟：cut off all means of retreat以牙还牙: return like for like对冲基金: Hedge fund本末倒置: put the incidental before the fundamental GDP: 国内生产总值BBS：电子布告栏WHO：世界卫生组织LCD：液晶显示屏LC：登陆艇（landing craft）NGO：非政府组织、民间组织CPPCC: 中国人民政治协商会议ASEM；亚欧会议China- ASEAN Expo；中国东盟展览会SWOT analysis: 四点分析（优势劣势机会威胁）Global Sourcing: 全球采购Information Asymmetry : 信息不对称Innocent Presumption : 无罪推定The Book of Rites : 《礼记》Mencius: 孟子Consecutive Interpreting: 接续口译The House of Commons: 下议院A farewell to arms 《永别了武器》全国人民代表大会：National People’s Congress外交部; Ministry of Foreign affairs会展会计：exhibition economy注册会计师：CPA( Certified Public Accountant)董事会：board of directors中国证监会; CSRC China Security Regulatory Commission）廉政公署：ICAC( Independent Commission Against Corruption)暂行推定：temporary provisions有罪推定; guilty presumption佛经翻译：the translation of Buddhist scriptures百年老店：century-old shop论语：the Analects三国演义：Romance of Three Kingdoms / Three Kingdoms南方都市报：South City News台湾当局：TaiWan authorities台独：Tai Wan Independence台湾同胞; Tai Wan compatriots反分裂国家法：the anti-secession law一国两制：One country two systemsCIS countries: 独联体国家中美联合公报：Sino-US Joint Communiquecommuter：通勤者上班乘车者USNE：美棉北欧到岸价TAO：道教CDED：欧洲裁军会议（conference on disarmament in Europe）关于凯程：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直致力于高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

以下是考试⼤⼝译笔译站点考后第⼀时间为您整理的2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译真题、答案、解析，供参考。

2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试真题、答案、点评汇总听⼒2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒部分真题下半场(沪江版)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒真题Listening Comprehension2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒真题spot dictation2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试上半场听⼒下载(mp3)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试下半场听⼒下载(mp3)翻译2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译翻译真题及答案passage translation2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试翻译真题(英译汉)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译翻译真题、答案sentence translation2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译翻译答案(下半场汉译英)阅读2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译阅读第⼀篇原⽂(昂⽴)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译阅读第⼆篇原⽂(昂⽴)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译阅读第三篇原⽂(昂⽴)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译阅读第四篇原⽂(昂⽴)题⽬出处2011年⾼级⼝译笔试听⼒原⽂出处：传统医学2011.9⾼级⼝译笔试阅读原题出处: 欧洲为何不再举⾜轻重点评2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译上半场总评(昂⽴版)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒新闻题权威讲评(新东⽅)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒NTGF点评(新东⽅)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒部分Spot Dictation评析(沪江)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译听⼒Listening Comprehension 4评析(沪江)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译passage translation评析(沪江)2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译下半场汉译英评析　答案2011年9⽉⾼级⼝译考试答案解析(完整版)。

中南大学2011翻译基础英汉互译真题market access 市场准入venture access 风险访问trade liberalization 贸易自由化ecosystem 生态系统artificial intelligence人工智能innovation-incentive mechanism 创新激励机制the Millennium Development Goals 千年发展目标the Beijing Olympic Mascots 北京奥运会吉祥物cultural heritage 文化遗产national treatment 国民待遇汉译英NPC 全国石油委员会（National Petroleum Council）；全国人民代表大会（the National People's Congress）；（美国）全国专利委员会（National Patent Council）IMF International Monetary Fund (联合国)国际货币基金组织[亦作I.M.F.]UNDP 联合国开发计划署（United Nations Development Program）IAEA 国际原子能机构（International Atomic Energy Agency）UNESCO 联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization）信、达、雅Faithfulness , expressiveness and elegance功能对等functional equivalence团队精神Team Spirit统筹兼顾overall planning and all-round consideration自主创业become self-employed建设节约型社会build a conservation-minded society公益文化事业cultural commonweal undertaking从善如流readily follow what is right两元经济结构urban-rural dual economic structure (结合urban-rural dual economy )科学发展观Scientific outlook on development“一站式”办公one-stop service更快，更高，更强Faster Higher Stronger加强务实合作enhance cooperation in practical terms生态补偿机制Ecological compensation system趋利避害seek advantages and avoid disadvantages中南大学2011（全）1 UNEP 联合国环境规划署United Nations Environment Programme2 FAO 联合国粮食及农业组织Food and Agriculture Organization3 IAF 国际宇航联合会International Astronautical Federation4 ISO 国际标准化组织5 WCO 世界海关组织（World Customs Organization）6 WHO 世界卫生组织7 3GPP 第三代合作伙伴项目（the 3rd Generation Partnership Project）8 EU 欧盟9 GDP 国内生产总值10 prudent monetary policy 稳健的货币政策11 BP Oil Spill 英国石油公司漏油事件(BP Oil Spill) BP=British Petroleum12 Green Credit 绿色信贷13 copyright licensing business 版权贸易14 pension insurance system 养老保险15 disguised inflation 变相涨价汉译英1"零就业"家庭Zero employment family2 房屋空置率Housing vacancy rate3 中国-东盟自由贸易区CAFTA (China and ASEAN Free Trade Area）4 拆迁补偿费Relocation compensation5 返乡就业潮trend of heading back home for a job6 司法公正judicial justice7 教育公平equal access to education8 低碳经济low carbon economy9 白色农业white agriculture10 畅通工程Smooth Traffic Project11高铁:High Speed Rail12 穿梭外交:shuttle diplomacy13 核安全:nuclear safety14 产品科技含量:technological element of a product15 报复性关税:retaliatory duty关于凯程：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直致力于高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

2011年3月高级口译汉译英合营企业设董事会，其人数组成由合营各方协商，在合同、章程中确定，并由合营各方委派。

董事会是合营企业的最高权力机构，决定合营企业的一切重大问题。

董事长由合营各方协商确定或由董事会选举产生。

董事长是合营企业法定代表人。

董事长不能履行职责时，应授权其他董事代表合营企业。

An equity joint venture shall have a board of directors; the number of the directors thereof from each party and the composition of the board shall be stipulated in the contract and articles of association after consultation among the parties to the venture; such directors shall be appointed by the relevant parties. The highest authority of the joint venture shall be its board of directors, which shall decide all major issues concerning the joint venture. The chairman shall be determined through consultation by the parties to the venture or elected by the board of directors. The chairman of the board is the legal representative of the joint venture. Should the chairman be unable to perform his duties, he shall authorize another director to represent the joint venture.董事会会议由董事长负责召集并主持。

2011年5月二级笔译实务真题Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (50 points) Passage 1Death of a FarmFarms go out of business for many reasons, but few farms do merely because the soil has failed. That is the miracle of farming. If you care for the soil, it will last — and yield — nearly forever. America is such a young country that we have barely tested that. For most of our history, there has been new land to farm, and we still farm as though there always will be.Still, there are some very old farms out there. The oldest is the Tuttle farm, near Dover, N.H., which is also one of the oldest business enterprises in America. It made the news last week because its owner — a lineal descendant of John Tuttle, the original settler — has decided to go out of business. It was founded in 1632. I hear its sweet corn is legendary.The year 1632 is unimaginably distant. In 1632, Galileo was still publishing, and John Locke was born. There were perhaps 10,000 colonists in all of America, only a few hundred of them in New Hampshire. The Tuttle acres, then, would have seemed almost as surrounded as they do in 2010, but by forest instead of highways and houses.It was a precarious operation at the start — as all farming was in the new colonies—and it became precarious enough again in these past few years to peter out at last. The land is protected by a conservation easement so it can’t be developed, but no one knows whether the next owner will farm it.In a letter on their Web site, the Tuttles cite “exhaustion of resources” as the reason to sell the farm. The exhausted resources they list include bodies, minds, hearts, imagination, equipment, machinery and finances. They do not mention soil, which has been renewed and redeemed repeatedly. It’s as though the parishioners of the First Parish Church in nearby Dover — erected nearly 200 years later, in 1829 — had rebuilt the structure on the same spot every few years.It is too simple to say, as the Tuttles have, that the recession killed a farm that had survived for nearly 400 years. What killed it was the economic structure of food production. Each year it has become harder for family farms to compete with industrial scale agriculture — heavily subsidized by the government — underselling them at every turn. In a system committed to the health of farms and their integration with local communities, the result would have been different. In 1632, and for many years after, the Tuttle farm was a necessity. In 2010, it is suddenly superfluous, or so we like to pretend.Passage 2PARIS — Youth unemployment across the world has climbed to a new high and is likely to climb further this year, a United Nations agency said Thursday, while warning of a “lost generation” as more young people give up the search for work.The agency, the International Labor Organization, said in a report that of some 620 million young people ages 15 to 24 in the work force, about 81 million were unemployed at the end of 2009 — the highest level in two decades of record-keeping by the organization, which is based in Geneva.The youth unemployment rate increased to 13 percent in 2009 from 11.9 percent in the last assessment in 2007.“There’s never been an increase of this magnitude — both in terms of the rate and the level — since we’ve been tracking the data,” said Steven Kapsos, aneconomist with the organization. The agency forecast that the global youth unemployment rate would continue to increase through 2010, to 13.1 percent, as the effects of the economic downturn continue. It should then decline to 12.7 percent in 2011.The agency’s 2010 report found that unemployment has hit young people harder than adults during the financial crisis, from which most economies are only just emerging, and that recovery of the job market for young men and women will lag behind that of adults. The impact of the crisis also has been felt in shorter hours and reduced wages for those who maintain salaried employment.In some especially strained European countries, including Spain and Britain, many young people have become discouraged and given up the job hunt, it said. The trend will have “significant consequences for young people,” as more and more join the ranks of the already unemployed, it said. That has the potential to create a “‘lost generation’ comprised of young people who have dropped out of the labor market, having lost all hope of being able to work for a decent living.”The report said that young people in developing economies are more vulnerable to precarious employment and poverty.About 152 million young people, or a quarter of all the young workers in the world, are employed but remain in extreme poverty in households surviving on less than $1.25 a person a day in 2008, the report said.“The number of young people stuck in working poverty grows, and the cycle of working poverty persists,” the agency’s director-general, Juan Somavia, said.Young women still have more difficulty than young men in finding work, the report added. The female youth unemployment rate in 2009 stood at 13.2 percent, compared with the male rate of 12.9 percent. The gap of 0.3 percentage point was the same as in 2007.The report studied the German, British, Spanish and Estonian labor markets and found that Germany had been most successful in bringing down long-term youth unemployment. In Spain and Britain, increases in unemployment were particularly pronounced for those with lower education levels.Data from Eurostat, the European Union’s statistical agency, show Spain had a jobless rate of 40.5 percent in May for people under 25. That was the highest level among the 27 members of the European Union, far greater than the 9.4 percent in Germany in May and 19.7 percent in Britain in March.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)(50 points) Passage 160年来特别是改革开放30年来，中国取得了举世瞩目的发展成就，经济实力和综合国力显著增强，各项社会事业全面进步，人民生活从温饱不足发展到总体小康，中国社会迸发出前所未有的活力和创造力同时，我们清醒地认识到，中国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，中国在发展进程中遇到的矛盾和问题无论规模还是复杂性都世所罕见。