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智能车辆中英文对照外文翻译文献

智能车辆中英文对照外文翻译文献
智能车辆中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照翻译

附件1:翻译译文

智能车辆

本世纪初期,在计算机和信息革命的影响下,汽车经历了性能和与驾驶者之间的互动方面最富戏剧性的变革。

1908年,亨利福特T型车的出现体现了汽车设计上的重大突破。它不仅开创了轻松更换零件和大量生产的先河,而且其“用户友好”的运作方式,让任何人都可以轻松驾驶。近90年来,类似于福特T型车的简单汽车越来越少,汽车迅速成为了一种复杂的“移动电脑”,扮演着领航者,护航者,甚至第二司机的角色。这些新特性不仅改变了我们的驾驶方式,还提高了运输服务质量和挽救生命的能力,并对美国工业的竞争力提供了支持。

然而,智能车的表现不仅如此。相反的,使车辆更加智能的这些组件,如新信息,安全性和自动化技术,是作为零配件抵达市场的,或作为可选设备,或作为售后服务的特殊配件。为了提高司机的安全性,这些技术不断发展并上市销售。但是个别的技术还没有得到整合,

不能创造出与司机高度协作的完全智能的车辆。

汽车行业已经意识到并解决了潜在的不协调技术的大量涌入问题。但他们的进步受到技术和经济障碍,不确定的消费者喜好,不完善的标准和准则的阻碍。此外,无论是传统的汽车制造商或是政府监管机构(除非安全问题非常明显)都不能控制售后的产品的使用,特别是在卡车和公共汽车的使用方面。然而,还没有一个“以人为本”的智能车辆试图整合和协调各种技术以解决问题。我们也许不仅仅会失去实现新的车载技术的机遇,甚至可能会在无意中降低行车的安全性和性能。

意识到智能车辆的重要性和汽车设计中人为因素所产生的潜在危险之后,交通部于1997年启动智能车辆倡议(IVI)。这一举措旨在加快汽车系统的发展和集成,用以帮助汽车,卡车及巴士司机更安全和有效地操作。

20世纪80年代的电视连续剧“霹雳游侠”功能的智能车辆可以跨越颇高的大厦,似乎驾驶超音速本身,对坏人间谍,并有英文用词和管家的个性。这款车不仅是聪明,但自作聪明。虽然在现实世界中的智能车辆将无法飞越站在交通,他们将有强大的能力。正如所设想的国际疫苗研究所,智能车辆将能够提供路线指示,感觉对象,警告即将发生的碰撞司机,自动信号在紧急情况下帮助司机保持警觉,并可能最终能够接管驾驶。

信息和机动车辆的电脑为基础的技术,然而,是不是新的用途。将广泛的汽车电脑开始了旨在提高车辆运行和驾驶员舒适性技术的20

世纪80年代。这些技术包括电子控制燃油喷射发动机的性能,特别是减少汽车排放,提高燃油经济性,防抱死制动系统,以帮助司机保持在湿滑路面控制,巡航控制系统以减轻司机的驾驶很长一段乏味。而这些技术主要是加强对车辆,在车辆技术的最新波,其中最感兴趣的是IVI的能力的目的,是智能交通,旨在加强对驾驶员的能力的系统。这些系统包括预警和信息,驾驶辅助和自动化技术。

正如人们具有不同的专业能力,不同类型和层次的车载智能车辆技术赋予“情报”,以补充该驱动程序。驾驶员信息系统,扩大了驾驶员的路线和地点的知识。预警系统,如防撞技术,提高驾驶员的感知能力发生了什么事在周围环境的。自动化和驱动技术援助和模拟驾驶者的思想和行动,以实际操作或在紧急情况下,长时间的车辆暂时的。

但是,在智能车辆将扩大司机的能力,它也可能会增加司机的传统角色。特别是,在新车内的技术中,人的作用扩大从感觉运动技能,写道托马斯谢里登,教授谁负责的人机系统实验室在美国麻省理工学院(MIT),“这一规划,程序员,在自动化,诊断者,监控学习者和管理者ITS的研究显示出将在智能车辆中应用的许多技术的好处可行性。

路线引导系统将帮助司机更好的行驶在不熟悉的街道或找到到达目的地最快的路线。1992年和1993年,在交通部主办的奥兰多TravTek 实地测试中显示,配备了路线引导系统的游客驾驶汽车减少了30%的车辆转错弯的问题。与使用纸质地图的游客相比,节省了20%的时间。

防撞系统可以加强交通安全规范,完全防止交通事故的发生。据研究表明,如果司机能多半秒钟反应时间,就可以避免60%的岔路交通

事故和30%的迎面相撞,而75%的车辆事故是由司机走神造成的。国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)估计每年美国应用于这三类的防撞系统能够避免110万次交通事故,占总交通事故数的17%。而这能够挽救17,500人的生命(安全带和气囊约挽救10,500人)并挽回260亿美元的损失。其他的安全设施正在测试中,包括自动撞击告知系统,当一辆汽车的安全气囊弹出时,该系统会自动发出求救信号,而昏睡司机警告系统可以防止在汽车行驶过程中司机昏昏欲睡。

车内自动化系统可以在紧急情况下接管驾驶,或在允许长时间行驶的情况下自动驾驶。1996年,国家公路交通安全管理局开始实地测试智能巡航控制系统——该系统能够自动调整车辆行驶速度,与前方车辆保持安全距离——以评价这种技术在安全方面的影响。更加戏剧化的一幕出现在名为“放开手,放开脚”的驾驶中。去年夏天,由交通部和其他9个公、私营组织合办的全国自动公路系统联盟(NAHSC)在圣地亚哥I-15号路一段12公里的测试路段示范了未来全自动车辆的原型。未来,自动公路管理系统将在速度越来越高、车距越来越短的高速地段提高交通管理者2-3倍的监管力度。该系统也可能消除人为操作错误引发的交通事故的发生,提高路段的安全性。

除了为乘客提供安全和高效的交通以外,联邦政府预计,智能汽车固有的发展趋势也有可能提高美国的经济竞争能力。

为了让智能汽车发挥出它最大的潜力,它们必须能够与智能交通基础设施系统和其他的智能汽车沟通交流,例如,与智能基础设施系统沟通可以使智能汽车了解事故的发生然后实时主动地选择路线。智

能汽车还可以作为探针,将有关于路段条件的信息发送给智能基础设施系统,用以创建更加丰富的道路条件基本信息。此外,全自动汽车应当还可以在某种程度上依赖于智能基础设施系统和其他的智能汽车提供的引导。例如,不久前圣地亚哥的美国直升机协会(AHS)显示,在保险杠下安装有磁动传感器的自动汽车,成功被植入路表下方 1.2米的磁铁引导行驶。

在未来的5到10年,我们应该能够看到具有特别驱动信息和报警系统能力的第一代产品。随着信息的发展这些系统将日益完善。虽然防撞系统会提供一些自动的援助,司机们仍然持有汽车的完全控制权。此外,因为和智能基础设施系统有了初步的沟通能力,汽车将在路段条件的实时侦查方面更加智能化。

约10至15年,一些改进措施的应用将为我们带来更好更智能的第二代产品。虽然司机仍然有汽车的完全控制权,但防撞系统将可以在紧急情况下采取暂时控制。另外,更加精密的语音识别系统将被纳入司机与汽车的互动方面。车辆之间能够互相沟通,以提高防撞能力。当然,与智能基础设施系统的沟通也将更加积极有效。

大约20年,在第三代产品中,我们将能看到完全自动化的公路系统,车辆和基础设施的整合系统,司机与汽车之间更加贴近的互动,如视觉增强和平视显示仪的使用。

回顾一个世纪泛滥如洪的技术,汽车作为一项尤为突出的动力学发明而鹤立鸡群。在下个世纪,这种活力将推动信息和计算机技术的发展。我们未来的挑战是整合新的信息,安全和自动化技术,用以创

造以人为本的智能车辆,提高安全性、地面传动效率和经济竞争能力。

附件2:原文

The Intelligent Vehicle Initiative

In the wake of the computer and information revolutions, motor vehicles are undergoing the most dramatic changes in their capabilities and how they interact with drivers since the early years of the century.

In 1908, Henry Ford's Model T exemplified major breakthroughs in automotive design. Not only did its interchangeable parts inaugurate easy and economical mass production, but its "user-friendly" operation allowed almost anyone to drive. Nearly 90 years later, the motor vehicle is resembling less and less Ford's simple machine and quickly becoming a complex "mobile computer", capable of acting as a navigator, a safeguard, and even, a second driver. These new capabilities will not only change how we drive; intelligent vehicles could also enhance transportation services, save lives, and bolster the competitiveness of U.S. industries.

However, intelligent vehicles aren't quite here. Instead, the components that make vehicles smarter -- new information, safety, and automation technologies -- are arriving on the market as piecemeal accessories, offered either as optional equipment by new vehicle manufacturers or as speciality components by after-market suppliers. These technologies are being developed and marketed to increase driver safety, performance, and convenience. These individual technologies, however, have yet to be integrated to create a fully intelligent vehicle that works

cooperatively with the driver.

The automotive industry is already aware of and addressing potential problems associated with the uncoordinated influx of technology. But their progress is hampered by technical and economic obstacles, uncertain consumer interest, and insufficient standards and guidelines. Also, neither original vehicle manufacturers or government regulators (unless safety problems are clearly proven) have control over after-market products, especially their use in trucks and buses. However, without a "human-centered" design approach for the intelligent vehicle that attempts to integrate and coordinate various technologies, we may not only lose the opportunity to realize the benefits offered by new in-vehicle technologies, but we could inadvertently degrade driving safety and performance.

Recognizing the importance of smart vehicles and the potential for unintended consequences if human factors are not placed at the center of their design, DOT launched the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) in 1997. This initiative aims to accelerate the development, availability, and use of integrated in-vehicle systems that help drivers of cars, trucks, and buses operate more safely and effectively.

The 1980s television series "Knight Rider" featured an intelligent vehicle that could leap moderately tall buildings, drive itself at seemingly supersonic speeds, spy on bad guys, and had the diction and personality of an English butler. The car was not only smart, but smart-alecky. Although

intelligent vehicles in the real world will not be able to fly over standing traffic, they will have formidable capabilities. As envisioned by IVI, smart vehicles will be able to give route directions, sense objects, warn drivers of impending collisions, automatically signal for help in emergencies, keep drivers alert, and may ultimately be able to take over driving.

The use of information- and computer-based technologies in motor vehicles, however, is not new. Widescale computerization of motor vehicles began in the 1980s with technologies designed to enhance vehicle operation and driver comfort. These technologies included electronic fuel injection to control engine performance, particularly to reduce vehicular emissions and improve fuel economy, antilock braking systems to help drivers retain control on slippery roads, and cruise control to relieve driver tedium during long stretches of driving. Whereas these technologies were primarily aimed at enhancing the capabilities of the vehicle, the most recent wave of in-vehicle technology, which is of most interest to IVI, are the intelligent transportation systems designed to enhance the capabilities of the driver. These systems include warning and information, driver assistance, and automation technologies.

Just as people possess different specialized abilities, in-vehicle ITS technologies endow vehicles with different types and levels of "intelligence" to complement the driver. Driver information systems expand the driver's knowledge of routes and locations. Warning systems,

such as collision-avoidance technologies, enhance the driver's ability to sense what's going on in the surrounding environment. And driver assistance and automation technologies simulate a driver's thinking and physical actions to operate a vehicle temporarily during emergencies or for prolonged periods.

But while a smart vehicle will extend the driver's capabilities, it will also potentially expand the driver's traditional role. In particular, in the midst of new in-vehicle technologies, the human role expands from that of sensory-motor skill, writes Thomas Sheridan, a professor who heads the Human-Machine Systems Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), "to that of planner, programmer, monitor of the automation, diagnostician ..., learner and manager."8

Integration: The Key to Human-Centered Design

A key criteria of human-centered design is ensuring that a technology provides the intended benefits without engendering unintended adverse consequences. Driving is a potentially dangerous activity that requires attentive and alert drivers. Although technologies in the vehicle can enhance the driver's capabilities and comfort, they can also create potential distractions that transform even the best driver into a road hazard. The National Public Services Research Institute, for example, found that individuals with cellular phones in their cars had a 34-percent higher chance of having a collision

ITS research has already shown the benefits and feasibility of many of the technologies that will be contained within intelligent vehicles: Route guidance systems will help drivers better navigate unfamiliar streets or find the quickest route to their destinations. In the TravTek field test in Orlando, sponsored by DOT in 1992 and 1993, tourists driving vehicles equipped with route guidance systems made 30 percent fewer wrong turns and shortened their travel times by 20 percent compared to drivers who used paper maps.

Collision-avoidance systems will expand the paradigm of traffic safety from protecting the occupant of the vehicle to preventing accidents altogether. According to one study, 60 percent of crashes at intersections and about 30 percent of head-on collisions could be avoided if drivers had an additional half-second to react. Nearly 75 percent of vehicular crashes are caused by inattentive drivers. NHTSA estimates that three types of collision-avoidance systems could prevent 1.1 million accidents in the United States each year -- 17 percent of all traffic accidents. These same systems would save 17,500 lives (compared to the 10,500 lives saved by seatbelts and airbags) and $26 billion in accident-related costs. Other safety innovations that are now in testing include automatic collision notification systems, which will immediately signal for help if a vehicle's air bag deploys, and drowsy-driver warning systems that will keep drivers from falling asleep at the wheel.

物流外文文献翻译(DOC)

外文文献原稿和译文 原稿 Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . " Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance. Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company. According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.

中英文参考文献格式

中文参考文献格式 参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识: M——专著,C——论文集,N——报纸文章,J——期刊文章,D——学位论文,R——报告,S——标准,P——专利;对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。 参考文献一律置于文末。其格式为: (一)专著 示例 [1] 张志建.严复思想研究[M]. 桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1989. [2] 马克思恩格斯全集:第1卷[M]. 北京:人民出版社,1956. [3] [英]蔼理士.性心理学[M]. 潘光旦译注.北京:商务印书馆,1997. (二)论文集 示例 [1] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海:上海译文出版社,1979. [2] 别林斯基.论俄国中篇小说和果戈里君的中篇小说[A]. 伍蠡甫.西方文论选:下册[C]. 上海:上海译文出版社,1979. 凡引专著的页码,加圆括号置于文中序号之后。 (三)报纸文章 示例 [1] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报,1998-12-27,(3) (四)期刊文章 示例 [1] 郭英德.元明文学史观散论[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),1995(3). (五)学位论文 示例 [1] 刘伟.汉字不同视觉识别方式的理论和实证研究[D]. 北京:北京师范大学心理系,1998. (六)报告 示例 [1] 白秀水,刘敢,任保平. 西安金融、人才、技术三大要素市场培育与发展研究[R]. 西安:陕西师范大学西北经济发展研究中心,1998. (七)、对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明性的注释,置于本页地脚,前面用圈码标识。 参考文献的类型 根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定,以单字母标识: M——专著(含古籍中的史、志论著) C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——研究报告 S——标准 P——专利 A——专著、论文集中的析出文献 Z——其他未说明的文献类型 电子文献类型以双字母作为标识: DB——数据库 CP——计算机程序 EB——电子公告

中英文论文对照格式

英文论文APA格式 英文论文一些格式要求与国内期刊有所不同。从学术的角度讲,它更加严谨和科学,并且方便电子系统检索和存档。 版面格式

表格 表格的题目格式与正文相同,靠左边,位于表格的上部。题目前加Table后跟数字,表示此文的第几个表格。 表格主体居中,边框粗细采用0.5磅;表格内文字采用Times New Roman,10磅。 举例: Table 1. The capitals, assets and revenue in listed banks

图表和图片 图表和图片的题目格式与正文相同,位于图表和图片的下部。题目前加Figure 后跟数字,表示此文的第几个图表。图表及题目都居中。只允许使用黑白图片和表格。 举例: Figure 1. The Trend of Economic Development 注:Figure与Table都不要缩写。 引用格式与参考文献 1. 在论文中的引用采取插入作者、年份和页数方式,如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This在论文中的引用采取作者和年份插入方式,如"Doe (2001, p.10) reported that …" or "This problem has been studied previously (Smith, 1958, pp.20-25)。文中插入的引用应该与文末参考文献相对应。 举例:Frankly speaking, it is just a simulating one made by the government, or a fake competition, directly speaking. (Gao, 2003, p.220). 2. 在文末参考文献中,姓前名后,姓与名之间以逗号分隔;如有两个作者,以and连接;如有三个或三个以上作者,前面的作者以逗号分隔,最后一个作者以and连接。 3. 参考文献中各项目以“点”分隔,最后以“点”结束。 4. 文末参考文献请按照以下格式:

物流规划中英文对照外文翻译文献

物流规划中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

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设计,“其实质是使以信息,形成以思想,言论和感觉的经验”。 在唐朝( 618-906 )之间的第4和第7世纪的木块被切断打印纺织品和后重现佛典。阿藏印在868是已知最早的印刷书籍。 在19世纪后期欧洲,尤其是在英国,平面设计开始以独立的运动从美术中分离出来。蒙德里安称为父亲的图形设计。他是一个很好的艺术家,但是他在现代广告中利用现代电网系统在广告、印刷和网络布局网格。 于1849年,在大不列颠亨利科尔成为的主要力量之一在设计教育界,该国政府通告设计在杂志设计和制造的重要性。他组织了大型的展览作为庆祝现代工业技术和维多利亚式的设计。 从1892年至1896年威廉?莫里斯凯尔姆斯科特出版社出版的书籍的一些最重要的平面设计产品和工艺美术运动,并提出了一个非常赚钱的商机就是出版伟大文本论的图书并以高价出售给富人。莫里斯证明了市场的存在使平面设计在他们自己拥有的权利,并帮助开拓者从生产和美术分离设计。这历史相对论是,然而,重要的,因为它为第一次重大的反应对于十九世纪的陈旧的平面设计。莫里斯的工作,以及与其他私营新闻运动,直接影响新艺术风格和间接负责20世纪初非专业性平面设计的事态发展。 谁创造了最初的“平面设计”似乎存在争议。这被归因于英国的设计师和大学教授Richard Guyatt,但另一消息来源于20世纪初美国图书设计师William Addison Dwiggins。 伦敦地铁的标志设计是爱德华约翰斯顿于1916年设计的一个经典的现代而且使用了系统字体设计。 在20世纪20年代,苏联的建构主义应用于“智能生产”在不同领域的生产。个性化的运动艺术在俄罗斯大革命是没有价值的,从而走向以创造物体的功利为目的。他们设计的建筑、剧院集、海报、面料、服装、家具、徽标、菜单等。 Jan Tschichold 在他的1928年书中编纂了新的现代印刷原则,他后来否认他在这本书的法西斯主义哲学主张,但它仍然是非常有影响力。 Tschichold ,包豪斯印刷专家如赫伯特拜耳和拉斯洛莫霍伊一纳吉,和El Lissitzky 是平面设计之父都被我们今天所知。 他们首创的生产技术和文体设备,主要用于整个二十世纪。随后的几年看到平面设计在现代风格获得广泛的接受和应用。第二次世界大战结束后,美国经济的建立更需要平面设计,主要是广告和包装等。移居国外的德国包豪斯设计学院于1937年到芝加哥带来了“大规模生产”极简到美国;引发野火的“现代”建筑和设计。值得注意的名称世纪中叶现代设计包括阿德里安Frutiger ,设计师和Frutiger字体大学;保兰德,从20世纪30年代后期,直到他去世于1996年,采取的原则和适用包豪斯他们受欢迎的广告和标志设计,帮助创造一个独特的办法,美国的欧洲简约而成为一个主要的先驱。平面设计称为企业形象;约瑟夫米勒,罗克曼,设计的海报严重尚未获取1950年代和1960年代时代典型。 从道路标志到技术图表,从备忘录到参考手册,增强了平面设计的知识转让。可读性增强了文字的视觉效果。 设计还可以通过理念或有效的视觉传播帮助销售产品。将它应用到产品和公司识别系统的要素像标志、颜色和文字。连同这些被定义为品牌。品牌已日益成为重要的提供的服务范围,许多平面设计师,企业形象和条件往往是同时交替使用。

生鲜电子商务物流配送模式研究外文文献翻译2017

文献出处:Croxton K.LThe research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution modefJ]. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 2017, 1(2): 13-24. 原文 The research of fresh food e-commerce logistics distribution mode Croxton K L Abstract With the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people’s life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand or iresh agricultural products. This rare agricultural socialization trend of consumption also offers fresh electronic commerce development opportunities, but now is the actual situation of fresh electronic commerce development is not very optimistic. For fresh food e-commerce,due to the particularity of fresh products, it requires the logistics distribution can be according to the requirements of the customer at the right time to provide enough fresh products,it is for the logistics service quality and time put forward higher requirements,delivery is not yet mature,distribution costs are high,low efficiency and service level is often difficult to guarantee,fresh products logistics distribution is a bottlenecK in the development of them. Keywords: fresh food e-commerce,distribution pattern,cold chain logistics, and risk control 1 Introduction Farmers1markets and supermarkets is the traditional channels of city residents to buy fresh agricultural products, but with the development of social economy speed boost, the rhythm of people’s life in the city than ever also had obvious increase,’’workers?’ due to the limitation of working hours, often the problem is there are very few time at a farmers’ market or supermarket to buy fresh prod uce,even after work at farmers’ markets or supermarkets to buy the fresh agricultural products, can buy goods is not fresh. With the development of electronic commerce enterprise, from the Internet shopping has been gradually deep into the people's life, so that people want to buy on the Internet to be assured that there is an increasing demand of fresh agricultural products,especially for "workers' this is more urgent demand.B2C,C2C e-commerce business now more concentrated in the electronic products, clothing and completely processed food, for the present stage of basic logistics service can satisfy the requirements of web site with the customer.

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